CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: custody</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: custody"> <meta name="keywords" content="custody"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="custody" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="custody"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 40</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: custody</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Joint Physical Custody: Lessons from the European Union</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katarzyna%20Kami%C5%84ska">Katarzyna Kamińska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When thinking about custodial arrangements after divorce or separation, there has been a shift from sole custody, particularly maternal preference, to joint physical custody. In many Western countries, an increasing of children with separated parents have joint physical custody, which is believed to be in the best interests of the child, as children can maintain personal relations and direct contact with both parents on a regular basis. The aim of the article is to examine joint physical custody, both from the perspective of the binding legal instruments that are relevant to joint physical custody, the Principles of European Family Law drafted by the CEFL, as well as the international research on this matter. The thesis underlying this paper is that joint physical custody is in itself neither good nor bad, and it depends on how the arrangements are managed by the parents. The paper includes a reflection on joint physical custody in the face of the COVID-19 crisis. The results indicate that in normal circumstances, joint physical custody demands broad communication, and now it times of crisis, we need over-communication about children and plans. Only a very tight and coordinated co-parenting plan make the whole family safer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20physical%20custody" title="joint physical custody">joint physical custody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-parenting" title=" co-parenting"> co-parenting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20welfare" title=" child welfare"> child welfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144611/joint-physical-custody-lessons-from-the-european-union" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Joint Physical Custody after Divorce and Child Well-Being</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katarzyna%20Kami%C5%84ska">Katarzyna Kamińska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Joint physical custody means that both parents after divorce or separation have the right and responsibility to take care of the child on the daily basis. In a joint physical custody arrangement, the child spends substantial, but not necessarily equal, time with both parents. Joint physical custody can be symmetric care arrangement or not. However, it is accepted in the jurisprudence that the best interests of the child is served when the child spends at least 35% of the time during a two-week period with each parent. Joint physical custody, also known as joint, dual, or shared residence, is a challenge in contemporary family law. It has its supporters and opponents. On the one hand, joint physical custody is beneficial because it provides children with frequent and continuous contact with a mother and father after their divorce or separation. On the other hand, it isn’t good for children to be shuttled back and forth between two residences. Children need a home base. The conclusion is therefore that joint physical custody can’t be seen as a panacea for all post-divorce or post-separation parenting cases and the court shouldn’t automatically make such a determination. The possibility to award this arrangement requires the court to carefully weigh the pros and cons of each individual case. It is difficult to say that joint physical custody is better than single physical custody in any case. It depends on the circumstances and needs of each family. It appears that an individual approach is going to be much better as opposed to a one-size-fits-all idea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20physical%20custody" title="joint physical custody">joint physical custody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shared%20residence" title=" shared residence"> shared residence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20residence" title=" dual residence"> dual residence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20best%20interests%20of%20the%20child" title=" the best interests of the child"> the best interests of the child</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152760/joint-physical-custody-after-divorce-and-child-well-being" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> The Problem of Legal Regulation of Joint Physical Custody: The Polish Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katarzyna%20Kami%C5%84ska">Katarzyna Kamińska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of the work is to present the results of the studies regarding joint physical custody in the Polish legal system. The issues addressed fit into the ongoing process of modernising family law regulations and their adaptation to changing social reality in Poland. The Polish legislator now faces a dilemma: whether to introduce into Polish law a developed substantive or procedural regulation of joint physical custody and then whether it should be considered a legal presumption. Joint physical custody after divorce or separation is theoretically possible in Poland. It can either follow from the court’s independent proposal based on the assessment of the circumstances or from the parenting plan submitted by parents wishing to jointly retain full parental authority. However, joint physical custody does not result directly from the Polish Family and Guardianship Code. Therefore, there is real legal uncertainty in this matter, which leads to different treatment of citizens by the public authorities and courts. Another problem is that joint physical custody is misunderstood by the Polish courts. The main thesis of the work is that joint physical custody does not only mean the system of symmetrical child care (50/50), and the possibility to award joint physical custody will require the courts to carefully weigh the pros and cons of such an arrangement in each individual case. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20physical%20custody" title="joint physical custody">joint physical custody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shared%20parenting" title=" shared parenting"> shared parenting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=divorce" title=" divorce"> divorce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separation" title=" separation"> separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parental%20authority" title=" parental authority"> parental authority</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176316/the-problem-of-legal-regulation-of-joint-physical-custody-the-polish-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176316.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Inter-Country Parental Child Removal and Subsequent Custody Disputes in India: Need for Legislative Reforms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pritam%20Kumar%20Ghosh">Pritam Kumar Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The phenomenon of inter-country parental child removal and the protection of children against removal from lawful custody by their own parents has been a major issue over the last five decades. This occurs when parents take away their children during pending divorce and custody proceedings or in violation of pre-existing foreign or Indian custody orders through which they may have obtained visitation rights only after divorce but not permanent custody. Even though considerable efforts have been made by the Indian judiciary to resolve the issue, a lot is still left to be desired. A study of the spate of judicial decisions on the issue since 1970 reveals that judges have attempted to resolve the issue mainly through the application of the existing personal law regime and the principle of the best interest of the child. This has made the position of law extremely confusing. The existing precedential jurisprudence contains a wide variety of custody orders in the name of enforcement of the paramount consideration of the best interest and welfare of children. The problem is aggravated by the fact that India has decided not to accede to the Hague Abduction Convention of 1980, which is the main international instrument combating the issue. In this context, the paper discusses the reasons behind the rising instances of inter-country parental child removals. It then goes on to analyze the existing jurisprudence of international child custody disputes in India, which have come before courts post-removal of children from lawful custody. The paper concludes by suggesting essential reforms in the existing Indian legal framework governing the issue. In the process, the paper proposes new legislation for India governing inter-country parental child removals and subsequent custody disputes. The possible structure and content of this new law shall also be outlined as a part of the paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=custody" title="custody">custody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispute" title=" dispute"> dispute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20removal" title=" child removal"> child removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hague%20convention" title=" Hague convention"> Hague convention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166595/inter-country-parental-child-removal-and-subsequent-custody-disputes-in-india-need-for-legislative-reforms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Qualitative Analysis of Current Child Custody Evaluation Practices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carolyn%20J.%20Ortega">Carolyn J. Ortega</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20E.%20Berger"> Stephen E. Berger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The role of the custody evaluator is perhaps one of the most controversial and risky endeavors in clinical practice. Complaints filed with licensing boards regarding a child-custody evaluation constitute the second most common reason for such an event. Although the evaluator is expected to answer for the family-law court what is in the “best interest of the child,” there is a lack of clarity on how to establish this in any empirically validated manner. Hence, practitioners must contend with a nebulous framework in formulating their methodological procedures that inherently places them at risk in an already litigious context. This study sought to qualitatively investigate patterns of practice among doctoral practitioners conducting child custody evaluations in the area of Southern California. Ten psychologists were interviewed who devoted between 25 and 100% of their California private practice to custody work. All held Ph.D. degrees with a range of eight to 36 years of experience in custody work. Semi-structured interviews were used to investigate assessment practices, ensure adherence to guidelines, risk management, and qualities of evaluators. Forty-three Specific Themes were identified using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Seven Higher Order Themes clustered on salient factors such as use of Ethics, Law, Guidelines; Parent Variables; Child Variables; Psychologist Variables; Testing; Literature; and Trends. Evaluators were aware of the ever-present reality of a licensure complaint and thus presented idiosyncratic descriptions of risk management considerations. Ambiguity about quantifying and validly tapping parenting abilities was also reviewed. Findings from this study suggested a high reliance on unstructured and observational methods in child custody practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20psychology" title="forensic psychology">forensic psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20testing" title=" psychological testing"> psychological testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment%20methodology" title=" assessment methodology"> assessment methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20custody" title=" child custody"> child custody</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48438/qualitative-analysis-of-current-child-custody-evaluation-practices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> The Standard of Best Interest of the Child in Custody Adjudication under the Malaysian Laws</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roslina%20Che%20Soh">Roslina Che Soh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Best interest of the child has been the prevailing principle of the custody legislations of most nations in the world. The tremendous shift from parental rights to parental responsibilities throughout the centuries had made the principle of best interests of the child as the utmost matter which parents must uphold in child upbringing. Despite the commitment to this principle is significantly enshrined in the United Nation Convention on Rights of the Child, the content and application of the principle differs across borders. Differences persist notwithstanding many countries have experienced a substantial shift over the last several decades in the types of custodial arrangements that are thought to best serve children’s interests. The laws in Malaysia similarly uphold this principle but do not provide further deliberation on the principle itself. The principle is entirely developed by the courts through decided cases. Thus, this paper seeks to discuss the extent of the application of best interest of the child principle in custody disputes. In doing so, it attempts to provide an overview of the current laws and the approach of the Civil and the Shariah courts in Malaysia in applying the principle in determining custody disputes. For purposes of comparison, it briefly examines the legislations and the courts practices in Australia and England on this matter. The purpose is to determine the best standard to be adopted by Malaysia and to propose improvement to the laws whenever appropriate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20custody" title="child custody">child custody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=best%20interest" title=" best interest"> best interest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysian%20law" title=" Malaysian law"> Malaysian law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinformatics" title=" bioinformatics"> bioinformatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedicine" title=" biomedicine"> biomedicine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8863/the-standard-of-best-interest-of-the-child-in-custody-adjudication-under-the-malaysian-laws" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Psychological and Ethical Factors in African American Custody Litigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brian%20Carey%20Sims">Brian Carey Sims</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current study examines psychological factors relevant to child custody litigation among African American fathers. Thirty-seven fathers engaged in various stages of custody litigation involving their children were surveyed about their perceptions of racial stereotypes, parental motivations, and racialized dynamics of the court/ legal process. Data were analyzed using a Critical Race Theory model designed to statistically isolate fathers’ perceptions of the existence and maintenance of structural racism through the legal process. Results indicate significant correlations between fathers’ psychological measures and structural outcomes of their cases. Findings are discussed in terms of ethical implications for family court judicial systems and attorney practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethics" title="ethics">ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family" title=" family"> family</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20psychology" title=" legal psychology"> legal psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy" title=" policy"> policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=race" title=" race"> race</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46463/psychological-and-ethical-factors-in-african-american-custody-litigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Through Hope and Struggle: The Meaning of the Gaisce Award for Youth in Irish Prisons</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silvia%20Gagliardi">Silvia Gagliardi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orlaith%20Rice"> Orlaith Rice</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article provides a qualitative evaluation of 'Gaisce - The President's Award' for youth in Irish prisons. Building on previous research on Gaisce, this article makes space for marginalized voices to provide their own feedback on the program they participate in while in custody. Both strengths and limitations in undertaking a positive youth development program in prison are identified and examined. More research with vulnerable and marginalized participants, such as youth in prison, is recommended as a way to further improve youth development programs and thus enhance the opportunities for self-development and psychological wellbeing for youth, including in custodial settings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaisce" title="Gaisce">Gaisce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=president%27s%20award" title=" president's award"> president's award</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youth%20development%20program" title=" youth development program"> youth development program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youth%20in%20custody" title=" youth in custody"> youth in custody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hope" title=" hope"> hope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20wellbeing" title=" psychological wellbeing"> psychological wellbeing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ireland" title=" Ireland"> Ireland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative%20research" title=" qualitative research"> qualitative research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=covid-19" title=" covid-19"> covid-19</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142263/through-hope-and-struggle-the-meaning-of-the-gaisce-award-for-youth-in-irish-prisons" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142263.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Muslim Social Workers and Imams’ Recommendations in Marital and Child Custody Cases of Persons with Intellectual or Mental Disability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badran%20Leena">Badran Leena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rimmerman%20Arie"> Rimmerman Arie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Arab society in Israel is undergoing modernization and secularization. However, its approach to disability and mental illness is still dominated by religious and traditional stereotypes, as well as folk remedies and community practices. The present study examines differences in Muslim social workers' and Imams' recommendations in marriage/divorce and child custody cases of persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) or mental illness. The study has two goals: (1) To examine differences in recommendations between Imams and Muslim social workers; (2) To explore variables related to their differential recommendations as observed in their responses to vignettes—a quantitative study using vignettes resembling existing Muslim religious (Sharia) court cases. Muslim social workers (138) and Imams (48) completed a background questionnaire, a religiosity questionnaire, and a questionnaire that included 25 vignettes constructed by the researcher based on court rulings adapted for the study. Muslim social workers tended to consider the religious recommendation when the family of a person with ID or mental illness was portrayed in the vignette as religious. The same applied to Imams, albeit to a greater extent. The findings call for raising awareness among social workers and academics regarding the importance of religion and tradition in formulating professional recommendations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20custody" title="child custody">child custody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20and%20developmental%20disability" title=" intellectual and developmental disability"> intellectual and developmental disability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marriage%2Fdivorce" title=" marriage/divorce"> marriage/divorce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20illness" title=" mental illness"> mental illness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharia%20court" title=" sharia court"> sharia court</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20workers" title=" social workers"> social workers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141205/muslim-social-workers-and-imams-recommendations-in-marital-and-child-custody-cases-of-persons-with-intellectual-or-mental-disability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141205.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> The Impact of Customary Law on Children's Rights in Botswana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nqobizwe%20Mvelo%20Ngema">Nqobizwe Mvelo Ngema</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Botswana has a dual legal system, one based on customary law and the other on the received law. This appears clearly from the Constitution that ring-fenced customary law from any constitutional scrutiny. A customary practice may continue even if it discriminates against women and children. As a result of this, numerous human rights of children are infringed. Firstly, if parents are married under customary law and separated, the custody is granted to the father and the mother merely having the right to visit. Secondly, female children are not entitled to inherit property. Thirdly, there is no age for marriage under customary law and even a child at the age of 10 years can get married. Lastly, marital power of a husband still continues under customary law and therefore females are still treated as perpetual minors. The latter infringement of rights is not in the best interests of children and conflicts with Botswana’s international obligations. Botswana is a signatory of various international and regional human rights instruments and it is suggested that it has to accelerate the incorporation of human rights instruments into domestic law in order to safeguard the best interest of children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=custody" title="custody">custody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marital%20power" title=" marital power"> marital power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%27s%20best%20interest" title=" children's best interest"> children's best interest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customary%20law" title=" customary law"> customary law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14628/the-impact-of-customary-law-on-childrens-rights-in-botswana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Protective Custody in Child Protection: Reflection of Residential Care Workers in the Philippines </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazel%20S.%20Cometa-Lamberte">Hazel S. Cometa-Lamberte</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the residential care workers reflections in working with children who were under protective custody and placed in a residential care facility for children. Key informant interviews and focus group discussion were employed in this study to analyze the views of residential care workers on the programs and services and case management system in residential care for children. Results suggest that working in a residential care facility for children needs the interplay of both the worker’s personal and professional values, knowledge and skills in working with children. Analyzing the residential care workers experiences in handling children in residential care facilities is vital for the improvement of the policies, programs and services, the repertoire of techniques and facilitate the creation of a new social work practice framework/model in child protection specifically in residential care facilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20protection" title="child protection">child protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20care" title=" residential care"> residential care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20care%20workers" title=" residential care workers"> residential care workers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20workers" title=" social workers"> social workers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106551/protective-custody-in-child-protection-reflection-of-residential-care-workers-in-the-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106551.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> The Hague Abduction Convention and the Egyptian Position: Strategizing for a Law Reform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdalla%20Ahmed%20Abdrabou%20Emam%20Eldeib">Abdalla Ahmed Abdrabou Emam Eldeib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For more than a century, the Hague Conference has tackled issues in the most challenging areas of private international law, including family law. Its actions in the realm of international child abduction have been remarkable in two ways during the last two decades. First, on October 25, 1980, the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (the Convention) was promulgated as an unusually inventive and powerful tool. Second, the Convention is rapidly becoming more prominent in the development of international child law. By that time, overseas travel had grown more convenient, and more couples were marrying or travelling across national lines. At the same time, parental separation and divorce have increased, leading to an increase in international child custody battles. The convention they drafted avoids legal quagmires and addresses extra-legal issues well. It literally restores the kid to its place of usual residence by establishing that the youngster was unlawfully abducted from that position or, alternatively, was wrongfully kept abroad after an allowed visit. Legal custody of a child of a contested parent is usually followed by the child's abduction or unlawful relocation to another country by the non-custodial parent or other persons. If a child's custodial parent lives outside of Egypt, the youngster may be kidnapped and brought to Egypt. It's natural to ask what laws should apply and what legal norms should be followed while hearing individual instances. This study comprehensively evaluates and estimates the relevant Hague Child Abduction Convention and the current situation in Egypt and which law is applicable for child custody. In addition, this research emphasis, detail, and focus on the position of Cross-border parental child abductions in Egypt. Moreover, examine the Islamic law compared to the Hague Convention on Child Custody in detail, as well as mentioning the treatment of Islamic countries in this matter in general and Egypt's treatment of this matter in particular, as well as the criticism directed at Egypt regarding the application and implementation of child custody issues. The present research backs up this method by using non-doctrinal techniques, including surveys, interviews, and dialogues. An important objective of this research is to examine the factors that contribute to parental child abduction. In this case, family court attorneys and other interested parties serve as the target audience from whom data is collected. A survey questionnaire was developed and sent to the target population in order to collect data for future empirical testing to validate the identified critical factors on Parental Child Abduction. The main finding in this study is breaking the reservations of many Muslim countries to join the Hague Convention with regard to child custody., Likewise, clarify the problems of implementation in practice in cases of kidnapping a child from one of the parents and traveling with him outside the borders of the country. Finally, this study is to provide suggestions for reforming the current Egyptian Family Law to make it an effective and efficient for all dispute's resolution mechanism and the possibility of joining The Hague Convention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egyptian%20family%20law" title="egyptian family law">egyptian family law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hague%20child%20abduction%20convention" title=" Hague child abduction convention"> Hague child abduction convention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20custody" title=" child custody"> child custody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-border%20parental%20child%20abductions%20in%20egypt" title=" cross-border parental child abductions in egypt"> cross-border parental child abductions in egypt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163878/the-hague-abduction-convention-and-the-egyptian-position-strategizing-for-a-law-reform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Ambivilance, Denial, and Adaptive Responses to Vulnerable Suspects in Police Custody: The New Limits of the Sovereign State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faye%20Cosgrove">Faye Cosgrove</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donna%20Peacock"> Donna Peacock</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines current state strategies for dealing with vulnerable people in police custody and identifies the underpinning discourses and practices which inform these strategies. It has previously been argued that the state has utilised contradictory and conflicting responses to the control of crime, by employing opposing strategies of denial and adaptation in order to simultaneously both display sovereignty and disclaim responsibility. This paper argues that these contradictory strategies are still being employed in contemporary criminal justice, although the focus and the purpose have now shifted. The focus is upon the ‘vulnerable’ suspect, whose social identity is as incongruous, complex and contradictory as his social environment, and the purpose is to redirect attention away from negative state practices, whilst simultaneously displaying a compassionate and benevolent countenance in order to appeal to the voting public. The findings presented here result from intensive qualitative research with police officers, with health care professionals, and with civilian volunteers who work within police custodial environments. The data has been gathered over a three-year period and includes observational and interview data which has been thematically analysed to expose the underpinning mechanisms from which the properties of the system emerge. What is revealed is evidence of contemporary state practices of denial relating to the harms of austerity and the structural relations of vulnerability, whilst simultaneously adapting through processes of ‘othering’ of the vulnerable, ‘responsibilisation’ of citizens, defining deviance down through diversionary practices, and managing success through redefining the aims of the system. The ‘vulnerable’ suspect is subject to individual pathologising, and yet the nature of risk is aggregated. ‘Vulnerable’ suspects are supported in police custody by private citizens, by multi-agency partnerships, and by for-profit organisations, while the state seeks to collate and control services, and thereby to retain a veneer of control. Late modern ambivalence to crime control and the associated contradictory practices of abjuration and adjustment have extended to state responses to vulnerable suspects. The support available in the custody environment operates to control and minimise operational and procedural risk, rather than for the welfare of the detained person, and in fact, the support available is discovered to be detrimental to the very people that it claims to benefit. The ‘vulnerable’ suspect is now subject to the bifurcated logics employed at the new limits of the sovereign state. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=custody" title="custody">custody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policing" title=" policing"> policing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sovereign%20state" title=" sovereign state"> sovereign state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerability" title=" vulnerability"> vulnerability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108398/ambivilance-denial-and-adaptive-responses-to-vulnerable-suspects-in-police-custody-the-new-limits-of-the-sovereign-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> The Shape of the Sculptor: Exploring Psychologist’s Perceptions of a Model of Parenting Ability to Guide Intervention in Child Custody Evaluations in South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anthony%20R.%20Townsend">Anthony R. Townsend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robyn%20L.%20Fasser"> Robyn L. Fasser</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research project provides an interpretative phenomenological analysis of a proposed conceptual model of parenting ability that has been designed to offer recommendations to guide intervention in child custody evaluations in South Africa. A recent review of the literature on child custody evaluations reveals that while there have been significant and valuable shifts in the capacity of the legal system aided by mental health professionals in understanding children and family dynamics, there remains a conceptual gap regarding the nature of parenting ability. With a view to addressing this paucity of a theoretical basis for considering parenting ability, this research project reviews a dimensional model for the assessment of parenting ability by conceiving parenting ability as a combination of good parenting and parental fitness. This model serves as a conceptual framework to guide child-custody evaluation and refine intervention in such cases to better meet the best interests of the child in a manner that bridges the professional gap between parties, legal entities, and mental health professionals. Using a model of good parenting as a point of theoretical departure, this model incorporates both intra-psychic and interpersonal attributes and behaviours of parents to form an impression of parenting ability and identify areas for potential enhancement. This research, therefore, hopes to achieve the following: (1) to provide nuanced descriptions of parents’ parenting ability; (2) to describe parents’ parenting potential; (3) to provide a parenting assessment tool for investigators in forensic family matters that will enable more useful recommendations and interventions; (4) to develop a language of consensus for investigators, attorneys, judges and parents, in forensic family matters, as to what comprises parenting ability and how this can be assessed; and (5) that all of the aforementioned will serve to advance the best interests of the children involved in such litigious matters. The evaluative promise and post-assessment prospects of this model are illustrated through three interlinking data sets: (1) the results of interviews with South African psychologists about the model, (2) retrospective analysis of care and contact evaluation reports using the model to determine if different conclusions or more specific recommendations are generated with its use and (3) the results of an interview with a psychologist who piloted this model by using it in care and contact evaluation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alienation" title="alienation">alienation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attachment" title=" attachment"> attachment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=best%20interests%20of%20the%20child" title=" best interests of the child"> best interests of the child</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=care%20and%20contact%20evaluation" title=" care and contact evaluation"> care and contact evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%E2%80%99s%20act%20%2838%20of%202005%29" title=" children’s act (38 of 2005)"> children’s act (38 of 2005)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20custody%20evaluation" title=" child custody evaluation"> child custody evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civil%20forensics" title=" civil forensics"> civil forensics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gatekeeping" title=" gatekeeping"> gatekeeping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=good%20parenting" title=" good parenting"> good parenting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=good-enough%20parenting" title=" good-enough parenting"> good-enough parenting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20professions%20council%20of%20South%20Africa" title=" health professions council of South Africa"> health professions council of South Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20law" title=" family law"> family law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20mental%20healthcare%20practitioners" title=" forensic mental healthcare practitioners"> forensic mental healthcare practitioners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parental%20fitness" title=" parental fitness"> parental fitness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parenting%20ability" title=" parenting ability"> parenting ability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parent%20management%20training" title=" parent management training"> parent management training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parenting%20plan" title=" parenting plan"> parenting plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=problem-determined%20system" title=" problem-determined system"> problem-determined system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychotherapy" title=" psychotherapy"> psychotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20of%20other%20child-parent%20relationship" title=" support of other child-parent relationship"> support of other child-parent relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voice%20of%20the%20child" title=" voice of the child"> voice of the child</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152799/the-shape-of-the-sculptor-exploring-psychologists-perceptions-of-a-model-of-parenting-ability-to-guide-intervention-in-child-custody-evaluations-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> A Study on Legal Regimes Alternatives from the Aspect of Shenzhen Global Ocean Central City Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinsong%20Zhao">Jinsong Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin%20Zhao"> Lin Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shenzhen, one of the fastest growing cities in the world, has been building a global ocean central city since 2017, facing many challenges, especially how to innovate new legal regimes to meet the future demands of the development of global shipping. First, the current legal regime of bills of lading as a document of title was established by English law in the 18th century but limited to the period of marine transportation from port of loading to port of discharge (namely, port to port). The e-commerce era is asking for such a function to be extended from port to port to door to door. Secondly, the function of the port has also been upgraded from the traditional loading and unloading of goods to a much wider area, such as being custody of warehousing goods for its mortgage bank, and therefore its legal status is changing, so it is necessary to amend the law of ports and harbours and innovate the rights and responsibilities of the port under its new role as the custody. Thirdly, the development of new marine energy has made more and more offshore floating wind power and floating photovoltaic devices face new legal issues such as legal status, nationality and ownership registration, mortgage, maritime lien, and possessory lien. Fourthly, the jurisdiction of the above issues, as well as conflicts of law and the applicable law, are also questions pending answers. This paper will discuss these issues of private international law, especially the innovation of new legal regimes with an aim to solve the above problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritime%20law" title="maritime law">maritime law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bills%20of%20lading" title=" bills of lading"> bills of lading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title=" e-commerce"> e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=port%20law" title=" port law"> port law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20clean%20energy" title=" marine clean energy"> marine clean energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188061/a-study-on-legal-regimes-alternatives-from-the-aspect-of-shenzhen-global-ocean-central-city-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">40</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Fathers’ Rights to Contact and Care: Moving Beyond the Adversarial Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wesahl%20Domingo">Wesahl Domingo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prinslean%20Mahery"> Prinslean Mahery</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Our paper focuses on the rights’ to contact and care of fathers in the heterosexual context, despite the reality of same sex parenting in South Africa. We argue that despite the new South African Children’s Act framework creating a shift from the idea of parental power over a child to the notion that parents have parental responsibilities and rights in respect of a child. This shift has however not fundamentally changed the constant battle that parents and other interested parties have over children. In most cases it is fathers who must battle to either maintain contact with their child/ren or fight to have care (which includes custody) of their child/ren. This is the case whether or not the father was married to the mother of the child in question. In part one of the paper, we deal with the historical development of rights to care and contact and describe the current system in the context of case law and legislation in South Africa. Part two provides a critical analysis of a few anthologies of “what fathers are complaining about.” In conclusion, in part three, we outline the way forward –“moving beyond the adversarial approach” through the “care of ethics approach.” So what is the care perspective? The care perspective is a relational ethic which views the primary moral concern as of creating and sustaining responsive connection to others. We apply the care of ethics approach to parenting plans and family law mediation in the context of fathers’ rights to care and contact. We argue by avoiding the adversarial system and engaging in a problem solving process focused on finding solutions for the future, divorcing parents can turn their attention to their children rather than battling each other. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fathers%27%20right%20to%20care" title="fathers' right to care">fathers' right to care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact" title=" contact"> contact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=custody" title=" custody"> custody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20law" title=" family law"> family law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24101/fathers-rights-to-contact-and-care-moving-beyond-the-adversarial-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24101.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Diabetes Care in Detention Settings: A Systematic Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Papachristou">A. Papachristou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ntikoudi"> A. Ntikoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Makris"> L. Makris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Saridakis"> V. Saridakis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: More than 10 million people are imprisoned or detained worldwide. Figures from 2011-12 show that prison inmates are more likely than the general population to suffer from chronic or infectious diseases, while most inmates are overweight or obese, and more than a quarter have high blood pressure. In 2011/12, the proportion of prisoners reporting diabetes or hyperglycemia was 899 per 10,000 prisoners, almost double the 2004 figure (483 per 10,000). It is important to ensure that this population has access to the same standard of care as people outside prisons, as access to services should be need-based. Diabetes is a public health problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2017, approximately 425 million people worldwide had diabetes. This number is expected to increase to 629 million by 2045. Poor management of diabetes in prisons can lead to poor blood sugar control and increase the risk of complications. Aim: The aim of this review was to systematically evaluate all the available literature on diabetes care in custodial settings. Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted through electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL) with the terms ‘custody’, ‘diabetes Mellitus, ‘detention centers and ‘chronic disease’. Articles published in English until September 2022, were included; no other criteria on publication dates were set. Results: Most of the studies mentioned a diabetes prevalence of approximately 10%, among other common chronic. Hypertension, obesity, smoking, sedentary lifestyle were the most common comorbidities associated with diabetes. Conclusion: Good glycemic control is fundamental to managing diabetes, and while many prisoners enter prison poorly, access to regular medication and meals, as well as exercise, offers the potential for improvement. Not being able to get help as quickly as in the past can be extremely stressful, and some prisoners may deliberately raise their blood sugar levels to avoid the risk of developing hypoglycemia, especially if they know they have had previous episodes of nocturnal hypoglycemia. Thus, appropriate training and resources are critical to providing quality care to incarcerated people with diabetes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=custody" title="custody">custody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes%20mellitus" title=" diabetes mellitus"> diabetes mellitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detention%20centers" title=" detention centers"> detention centers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20disease" title=" chronic disease"> chronic disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156990/diabetes-care-in-detention-settings-a-systematic-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156990.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> The Psychologist's Role in a Social Assistance Reference Center: A Case of Violence and Child Sexual Abuse in Northeastern Brazil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Melo">G. Melo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Felix"> J. Felix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Maciel"> S. Maciel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Fernandes"> C. Fernandes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Rodrigues"> W. Rodrigues</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Brazilian public policy, the Centres of Reference for Social Assistance (CRAS in Portuguese) are part of the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS in Portuguese). SUAS is responsible for addressing spontaneous or currently active cases that are brought forth from other services in the social assistance network. The following case was reviewed by CRAS’s team in Recife, Brazil, after a complaint of child abuse was filed against the mother of a 7-year-old girl by the girl’s aunt. The girl is the daughter of an incestuous relationship between her mother and her older brother. The complaint was registered by service staff and five interventions were subsequently carried out on behalf of the child. These interventions provided a secure place for dialogue with both the child and her family and allowed for an investigation of the abuse to proceed. They took place in the child’s school as well as her aunt’s residence. At school, the child (with her classmates) watched a video and listened to a song about the prevention of child abuse. This was followed up with a second intervention to determine any signs of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), by having the child play with the mobile app ‘My Angela’. Books on the themes of family and fear were also read to the child on different occasions at her school – after every intervention she was asked to draw something related to fear and her concept of a family. After the interventions and discussing the case as a team, we reached several conclusions: 1) The child did not appear to show any symptoms of PTSD; 2) She normally fantasized about her future and life story; 3) She did not allow herself to be touched by strangers with whom she lacks a close relationship (such as classmates or her teacher); 4) Through her drawings, she reproduced the conversations she had had with the staff; 5) She habitually covered her drawings when asked questions about the abuse. In this particular clinical case, we want to highlight that the role of the Psychologist’s intervention at CRAS is to attempt to resolve the issue promptly (and not to develop a prolonged clinical study based on traditional methods), by making use of the available tools from the social assistance network, and by making referrals to the relevant authorities, such as the Public Ministry, so that final protective actions can be taken and enforced. In this case, the Guardian Council of the Brazilian Public Ministry was asked to transfer the custody of the child to her uncle. The mother of the child was sent to a CAPS (Centre for Psychosocial Care), having been diagnosed with psychopathology. The child would then participate in NGO programs that allow for a gradual reduction of social exposure to her mother before being transferred to her uncle’s custody in Sao Paulo. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20abuse" title="child abuse">child abuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intervention" title=" intervention"> intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20psychology" title=" social psychology"> social psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violence" title=" violence"> violence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60724/the-psychologists-role-in-a-social-assistance-reference-center-a-case-of-violence-and-child-sexual-abuse-in-northeastern-brazil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60724.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Meeting Criminogenic Needs to Reduce Recidivism: The Diversion of Vulnerable Offenders from the Criminal Justice System into Care</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paulo%20Rocha">Paulo Rocha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Once in touch with the Criminal Justice System, offenders with mental disorder tend to return to custody more often than nondisordered individuals, which suggests they have not been receiving appropriate treatment in prison. In this scenario, diverting individuals into care as early as possible in their trajectory seems to be the appropriate approach to rehabilitate mentally unwell offenders and alleviate overcrowded prisons. This paper builds on an ethnographic research investigating the challenges encountered by practitioners working to divert offenders into care while attempting to establish cross-boundary interactions with professionals in the Criminal Justice System and Mental Health Services in the UK. Drawing upon the findings of the study, this paper suggests the development of adequate tools to enable liaison between agencies which ultimately results in successful interventions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminogenic%20needs" title="criminogenic needs">criminogenic needs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interagency%20collaboration" title=" interagency collaboration"> interagency collaboration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liaison%20and%20diversion" title=" liaison and diversion"> liaison and diversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recidivism" title=" recidivism"> recidivism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86776/meeting-criminogenic-needs-to-reduce-recidivism-the-diversion-of-vulnerable-offenders-from-the-criminal-justice-system-into-care" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86776.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Prison Reforms: An Overview of the Nigerian Prisons as a Key Component of an Efficient Criminal Justice Delivery System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Foluke%20Dada">Foluke Dada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Prisons all over the world are set up by law to provide restraint and custody for individuals accused or convicted of crimes by the state. The Nigerian prison dates back to the colonial era and is modelled after the British system. It is a system that lays emphasis on punishment and deterrence. It emphasises retribution rather than reformation. These, it can be argued, results in the inhuman conditions of Nigerian prisons and the conscienceless treatment of convicts and awaiting trial inmates in Nigerian prisons. This paper attempts an examination of the challenges currently beguiling Nigerian prisons, the need for reforms in the prison systems and the imperative of these reforms to an efficient criminal justice delivery system in the country. This paper further postulates that rehabilitation should be favoured as against retribution f the development of the Nigerian criminal justice system in line with the shift towards reform. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminal%20justice" title="criminal justice">criminal justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prison%20reforms" title=" prison reforms"> prison reforms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation%20and%20retribution" title=" rehabilitation and retribution"> rehabilitation and retribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30000/prison-reforms-an-overview-of-the-nigerian-prisons-as-a-key-component-of-an-efficient-criminal-justice-delivery-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30000.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">669</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> The Development of Psychosis in Offenders and Its Relationship to Crime</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belinda%20Crissman">Belinda Crissman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Serious mental disorder is greatly overrepresented in prisoners compared to the general community, with consequences for prison management, recidivism and the prisoners themselves. Incarcerated individuals with psychotic disorders experience insufficient detection and treatment and higher rates of suicide in custody. However direct evidence to explain the overrepresentation of individuals with psychosis in prisons is sparse. The current study aimed to use a life course criminology perspective to answer two key questions: 1) What is the temporal relationship between psychosis and offending (does first mental health contact precede first recorded offence, or does the offending precede the mental health diagnosis)? 2) Are there key temporal points or system contacts prior to incarceration that could be identified as opportunities for early intervention? Data from the innovative Queensland Linkage project was used to link individuals with their corrections, health and relevant social service systems to answer these questions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20disorder" title="mental disorder">mental disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime" title=" crime"> crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20course%20criminology" title=" life course criminology"> life course criminology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevention" title=" prevention"> prevention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107245/the-development-of-psychosis-in-offenders-and-its-relationship-to-crime" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> The Development of Fiscal Policy in Light of Economic Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djehich%20Mohamed%20Yousri">Djehich Mohamed Yousri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research tries to highlight the different stages and developments of financial policy which has evolved significantly in its means and mechanism, goals as well, according to the successful developments of the society, in addition to that, the role of the country has been developed from custody to intervening country, that evolution does not impact only on financial science but it was reflected on financial system concepts, that helped fr transport it from neutral financial policy to intervening policy, since each stage was characterized by a set of characteristics, financial policy considers like reflective mirror to the role of state in all times, when the state has been absent as an organized authority to society, the role of financial policy was weakened and has been limited under the impact of ideology which exists at all time, financial role has was limited until the state intervened in all aspects of life, the state role is also influential in economic, social, and political life, this study highlighting the most important developments of financial policy under successful economic systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20expenditure" title="public expenditure">public expenditure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government%20spending" title=" government spending"> government spending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taxes" title=" taxes"> taxes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=revenues%20public" title=" revenues public"> revenues public</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economics" title=" economics"> economics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161659/the-development-of-fiscal-policy-in-light-of-economic-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Cases of Violence against Women: Towards a Proposed Plan of Action</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murphy%20P.%20Mohammed">Murphy P. Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rita%20E.%20Pulmano"> Rita E. Pulmano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study determined the cases of violence against women in selected barangays of Tarlac City. In this research, the following questions were answered: what is the description of the cases on violence against women?; what are the causes of violence against women?; what support/assistance is provided by the LGUs?; and what plan of action can be proposed to improve the VAW services of the barangays? The methodologies used in the present study are qualitative and descriptive researches. The researchers used documentary analysis and interview to gather data. The subjects of the study are violence against women survivors from the selected ten (10) populous barangays of Tarlac City. Physical abuse, mental abuse, threatening, abandonment of children, child support issues, child custody, psychological abuse, economic abuse, and rape are the other recorded cases among the evaluated barangays. Based on the information, the researchers found out that a VAW desk was established in every respondent barangay. This in compliance with Section 12 D, Rule IV of the Rules and Regulations Implementing the Magna Carta of Women, which provides for the establishment of a VAW desk in every barangay to ensure that violence against women cases are fully addressed in a gender-responsive manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barangay%20VAW%20desk" title="Barangay VAW desk">Barangay VAW desk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cases%20of%20violence%20against%20women" title=" cases of violence against women"> cases of violence against women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violence%20against%20women" title=" violence against women"> violence against women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%27s%20studies" title=" women's studies"> women's studies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23121/cases-of-violence-against-women-towards-a-proposed-plan-of-action" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Working at the Interface of Health and Criminal Justice: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Exploration of the Experiences of Liaison and Diversion Nurses – Emerging Findings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sithandazile%20Masuku">Sithandazile Masuku</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Public health approaches to offender mental health are driven by international policies and frameworks in response to the disproportionately large representation of people with mental health problems within the offender pathway compared to the general population. Public health service innovations include mental health courts in the US, restorative models in Singapore and, liaison and diversion services in Australia, the UK, and some other European countries. Mental health nurses are at the forefront of offender health service innovations. In the U.K. context, police custody has been identified as an early point within the offender pathway where nurses can improve outcomes by offering assessments and share information with criminal justice partners. This scope of nursing practice has introduced challenges related to skills and support required for nurses working at the interface of health and the criminal justice system. Parallel literature exploring experiences of nurses working in forensic settings suggests the presence of compassion fatigue, burnout and vicarious trauma that may impede risk harm to the nurses in these settings. Published research explores mainly service-level outcomes including monitoring of figures indicative of a reduction in offending behavior. There is minimal research exploring the experiences of liaison and diversion nurses who are situated away from a supportive clinical environment and engaged in complex autonomous decision-making. Aim: This paper will share qualitative findings (in progress) from a PhD study that aims to explore the experiences of liaison and diversion nurses in one service in the U.K. Methodology: This is a qualitative interview study conducted using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to gain an in-depth analysis of lived experiences. Methods: A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit n=8 mental health nurses registered with the UK professional body, Nursing and Midwifery Council, from one UK Liaison and Diversion service. All participants were interviewed online via video call using semi-structured interview topic guide. Data were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using the seven steps of the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis data analysis method. Emerging Findings Analysis to date has identified pertinent themes: • Difficulties of meaning-making for nurses because of the complexity of their boundary spanning role. • Emotional burden experienced in a highly emotive and fast-changing environment. • Stress and difficulties with role identity impacting on individual nurses’ ability to be resilient. • Challenges to wellbeing related to a sense of isolation when making complex decisions. Conclusion Emerging findings have highlighted the lived experiences of nurses working in liaison and diversion as challenging. The nature of the custody environment has an impact on role identity and decision making. Nurses left feeling isolated and unsupported are less resilient and may go on to experience compassion fatigue. The findings from this study thus far point to a need to connect nurses working in these boundary spanning roles with a supportive infrastructure where the complexity of their role is acknowledged, and they can be connected with a health agenda. In doing this, the nurses would be protected from harm and the likelihood of sustained positive outcomes for service users is optimised. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liaison%20and%20diversion" title="liaison and diversion">liaison and diversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nurse%20experiences" title=" nurse experiences"> nurse experiences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offender%20health" title=" offender health"> offender health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=staff%20wellbeing" title=" staff wellbeing"> staff wellbeing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154017/working-at-the-interface-of-health-and-criminal-justice-an-interpretative-phenomenological-analysis-exploration-of-the-experiences-of-liaison-and-diversion-nurses-emerging-findings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154017.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Development of in vitro Fertilization and Emerging Legal Issues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malik%20Imtiaz%20Ahmad">Malik Imtiaz Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) has revolutionized the field of reproductive medicine, offering hope to myriad individuals and couples facing infertility issues. IVF, a process involving the fertilization of eggs with sperm outside the body, has evolved over decades from an experimental procedure to a mainstream medical practice. The study sought to understand the evolution of IVF from its early stages to its present status as a groundbreaking fertility treatment. It also aimed to analyze the legal complexities surrounding IVF, including issues like embryo ownership, surrogacy agreements, and custody disputes. This research focused on the multidisciplinary approach involving both medical and legal fields. It aimed to explore the historical evolution of IVF, its techniques, and legal challenges concerning family law, health law, and privacy policies it has given rise to in modern times. This research aimed to provide insights into the intersection of medical technology and the law, offering valuable knowledge for policymakers, legal experts, and individuals involved in IVF. The study utilized various methods, including a thorough literature review, a historical analysis of IVF’s evolution, an examination of legal cases, and a review of emerging regulations. These approaches aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of IVF and its modern legal issues, facilitating a holistic exploration of the subject matter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro%20fertilization%20development" title="in vitro fertilization development">in vitro fertilization development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IVF%20techniques%20evolution" title=" IVF techniques evolution"> IVF techniques evolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20issues%20in%20IVF" title=" legal issues in IVF"> legal issues in IVF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IVF%20legal%20frameworks" title=" IVF legal frameworks"> IVF legal frameworks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethical%20dilemmas%20in%20IVF" title=" ethical dilemmas in IVF"> ethical dilemmas in IVF</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188287/development-of-in-vitro-fertilization-and-emerging-legal-issues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">35</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Framing Mahsa Amini and Iran Protest: A Comparative Analysis of Tehran times and the Wall Street Journal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nimmy%20Maria%20Joseph">Nimmy Maria Joseph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammed%20Hafiludheen"> Muhammed Hafiludheen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> On September 16, a 22-year-old Iranian woman, Mahsa Amini, died in Tehran after she was arrested by the ‘Morality police’ for an accusation of not wearing a hijab according to the standards laid down by the Iran Government. Suspicions aroused as the incident happened while Mahsa Amini was under the custody of Iran police. People of Iran accused that she was severely beaten up by the police, which led to her death. This initiated an array of women-led protests in Iran, leading to the ignition of massive uproars in the country. The Law Enforcement Command of Iran reported that she collapsed due to a heart attack and not due to police brutality. However, as a result, Iran faced a series of conflicts between the Government of Iran and the civilians, especially women. The research paper presents the framing analysis of online news stories on Mahsa Amini’s death and the resultant protest in Iran. The researcher analysed the online news stories of two popular newspapers, Tehran Times (Iran) and The Wall Street Journal (USA). The focus of the study is to have a comparative analysis of the frames of the news stories used and find out their agenda-setting pattern. It helps to comprehend how the news stories of popular news organisations try to channelise the perception of their audience on social issues. The researcher analysed the news stories considering their frames, valence, polysemy, rhetoric devices, and technical devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mahsa%20amini" title="mahsa amini">mahsa amini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iran%20protest" title=" iran protest"> iran protest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framing%20analysis" title=" framing analysis"> framing analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valence" title=" valence"> valence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhetoric%20device" title=" rhetoric device"> rhetoric device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tehran%20times" title=" tehran times"> tehran times</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20wall%20street%20journal" title=" the wall street journal"> the wall street journal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161895/framing-mahsa-amini-and-iran-protest-a-comparative-analysis-of-tehran-times-and-the-wall-street-journal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161895.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Credible Autopsy Report for Investigators and Judiciary</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudhir%20K.%20Gupta">Sudhir K. Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: When a forensic doctor determines that a suspicious death is a suicide, homicide, or accident, the decision virtually becomes incontestable by the investigating police officer, and it becomes an issue whether the medical opinion was created with necessary checks and balances on the other probabilities of the case. It is suggested that the opinion of Forensic Medical experts is conventional, mutable, and shifting from one expert to another. The determination of suicide, accident, or homicide is mandatorily required, which is the Gold Standard for conducting death investigations. Forensic investigations serve many audiences, but the court is by far the most critical. The likely questions on direct and cross-examination determine how forensic doctors gather and handle evidence and what conclusions they reach. Methodology: The author interacted with the investigative authority, and a crime scene visit was also done along with the perusal of the Postmortem report, subsequent opinion, and crime scene photographs and statements of the witness and accused. Further analysis of all relevant scientific documents and opinions of other forensic doctors, forensic scientists, and ballistic experts involved in these cases was done to arrive at an opinion with scientific justification. Findings: The opinions arrived at by the author and how they helped the judiciary in delivering justice in these cases have been discussed in this article. This can help the readers to understand the process involved in formulating a credible forensic medical expert opinion for investigators and the judiciary. Conclusion: A criminal case might be won or lost over doubt cast on the chain of custody. Medically trained forensic doctors, therefore, learn to practice their profession in legally appropriate ways, and opinions must be based on medical justifications with credible references. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20doctor" title="forensic doctor">forensic doctor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20credibility" title=" professional credibility"> professional credibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investigation" title=" investigation"> investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expert%20opinion" title=" expert opinion"> expert opinion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156415/credible-autopsy-report-for-investigators-and-judiciary" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156415.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Unlocking Justice: Exploring the Power and Challenges of DNA Analysis in the Criminal Justice System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandhra%20M.%20Pillai">Sandhra M. Pillai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article examines the relevance, difficulties, and potential applications of DNA analysis in the criminal justice system. A potent tool for connecting suspects to crime sites, clearing the innocent of wrongdoing, and resolving cold cases, DNA analysis has transformed forensic investigations. The scientific foundations of DNA analysis, including DNA extraction, sequencing, and statistical analysis, are covered in the article. To guarantee accurate and trustworthy findings, it also discusses the significance of quality assurance procedures, chain of custody, and DNA sample storage. DNA analysis has significantly advanced science, but it also brings up substantial moral and legal issues. To safeguard individual rights and uphold public confidence, privacy concerns, possible discrimination, and abuse of DNA information must be properly addressed. The paper also emphasises the effects of the criminal justice system on people and communities while highlighting the necessity of equity, openness, and fair access to DNA testing. The essay describes the obstacles and future directions for DNA analysis. It looks at cutting-edge technology like next-generation sequencing, which promises to make DNA analysis quicker and more affordable. To secure the appropriate and informed use of DNA evidence, it also emphasises the significance of multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, law enforcement organisations, legal experts, and policymakers. In conclusion, DNA analysis has enormous potential for improving the course of criminal justice. We can exploit the potential of DNA technology while respecting the ideals of justice, fairness, and individual rights by navigating the ethical, legal, and societal issues and encouraging discussion and collaboration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20analysis" title="DNA analysis">DNA analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20evidence" title=" DNA evidence"> DNA evidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity" title=" validity"> validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20frame" title=" legal frame"> legal frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=admissibility" title=" admissibility"> admissibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethical%20considerations" title=" ethical considerations"> ethical considerations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title=" impact"> impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=future%20direction" title=" future direction"> future direction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenges" title=" challenges"> challenges</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169859/unlocking-justice-exploring-the-power-and-challenges-of-dna-analysis-in-the-criminal-justice-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Impact of Development Induced Displaced on Tribal Indigenous Women of North East India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bitopi%20Dutta">Bitopi Dutta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forced Displacement of marginalised groups has been widely debated whole across the world, including India. This paper will do a gender analysis of Development Induced Displacement(DID) in tribal indigenous societies of North East India (NEI), a region that is frequently quoted as a relatively gender equal society as compared to the other parts of India. The central argument of the paper concerns how patriarchies in the discourses of the state and societies work together in shaping a particular gendered experience for women (and men) - in this context a violent gendered transformation in displaced indigenous communities. The primary analysis of the paper will be centered on the acquisition of Common Property Resources (CPRs) under the Land Law of India which has devastating consequences for the tribal women since CPRs forms the basis of their high status, identity and autonomy. Tracing the trajectory of DID in the NEI since 1947 to 2010, this paper will locate the violent gendered transition that these tribal societies have undergone during this period vis.a.vis their tradition which was grounded on a far more gender equal worldview. The paper will place this argument in terms of the lost status and impoverishment of tribal women in the social and economic domain reflected in terms of loss of property and land ownership rights, monetisation of the tribal economy under the sole custody of the men, forced internalisation of this reduced status by the women themselves and so on. DID in this sense will not only be understood as only physical displacement, but also as social and cultural displacement. Interviews of people displaced/affected by the development projects will be the primary mode of data collection which will be supplemented with documentary research using Government Data, and local archives of the region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common%20property%20resources" title="common property resources">common property resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacement" title=" displacement"> displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=north%20east%20India" title=" north east India"> north east India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribal" title=" tribal"> tribal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82134/impact-of-development-induced-displaced-on-tribal-indigenous-women-of-north-east-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Divorce Advice and Parents' Council Support Groups: Help for Divorced Parents to Create Co-Parenting after Divorce</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paivi%20Hietanen">Paivi Hietanen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At family with children, divorce is a risk for a child to lose the relationship to the parent with whom the child doesn't live. A child has the right to the get care from both parents after the divorce. Even though your ex-spouse isn’t longer your companion, to the child he or she is still unique as a parent and parents must cooperate and support their child in the new family situation. To divorcee, it's necessary to understand the difference between the intimate relationship that ends and parenthood that continues. Cooperative parenting takes a lot of effort and flexibility for the parents to make joint custody work well. It is vital that parents get help to understand the situation from child points of view. When parent is facing divorce, and all the emotions that it brings along, can the child easily be forgotten. To help children, we must help parents to understand, that a relationship can end, parenthood cannot. As professionals, we should help the parents to see the significance and value of both parents to the child and try to support and protect parenthood-relationship between parents. The Federation of Mother and Child Homes and Shelters have developed group models to work with parents during or after divorce. These support groups are led by professionals, but peer support is also used. These support groups have been held over 10 years and there are found from 20 different cities in Finland. Eroneuvo event (divorce advice) service is intended for parents who are considering or have already divorced. The Vanhemman neuvo (parents' council) is a peer support group that helps parents with post-divorce parenting issues. From these groups, parents receive information and peer support for matters related to divorcing and how to support the child and do co-parenting. At the groups and in given information for divorced parents, is used a method called the 'Irreversible triangle'. It's a way to picture the intimate relationship and parenthood after the divorce and what is the difference between these two things. 'Irreversible triangle' is used to help parents and professionals to understand, what happens if a child loses the relationship to the other parent or if parents co-parenting doesn't work well. From the largely collected feedback, group members tell that they feel themselves relieved after taking part of the group. Parents also experience that talking with other parents helps to survive. Group members learn to co-operate with the other parent, and they'll also learn to see the best interest of the child after the divorce. Parents would highly recommend these groups to other parents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%27s%20right" title="child's right">child's right</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-parenting" title=" co-parenting"> co-parenting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parenthood%20after%20the%20divorce" title=" parenthood after the divorce"> parenthood after the divorce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peer%20support" title=" peer support"> peer support</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82145/divorce-advice-and-parents-council-support-groups-help-for-divorced-parents-to-create-co-parenting-after-divorce" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82145.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=custody&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=custody&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>