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class="mw-page-title-main">Jnan Chandra Ghosh</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Anomaly of strong electrolyte, First Director of Indian Institute of technology Kharagpur</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the musician, see <a href="/wiki/Jnan_Prakash_Ghosh" title="Jnan Prakash Ghosh">Jnan Prakash Ghosh</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jnan Chandra Ghosh</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size:85%;">D.Sc., F.N.I.</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jnan_Chandra_Ghosh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Jnan_Chandra_Ghosh.jpg/220px-Jnan_Chandra_Ghosh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Jnan_Chandra_Ghosh.jpg/330px-Jnan_Chandra_Ghosh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Jnan_Chandra_Ghosh.jpg/440px-Jnan_Chandra_Ghosh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="607" data-file-height="825" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Jnan Chandra Ghosh</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1894-09-04</span>)</span>4 September 1894<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Giridih" title="Giridih">Giridih</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purulia_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Purulia District">Purulia District</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">21 January 1959<span style="display:none">(1959-01-21)</span> (aged 64)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Sir J. C. Ghosh<br />Jnanendra Chandra Ghosh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rajabazar_Science_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajabazar Science College">Rajabazar Science College</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/University_of_Calcutta" title="University of Calcutta">University of Calcutta</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Anomaly of strong electrolytes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Padma_Bhushan" title="Padma Bhushan">Padma Bhushan</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">Chemistry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dhaka_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhaka University">Dhaka University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Science" title="Indian Institute of Science">Indian Institute of Science</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Technology,_Kharagpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur">Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Calcutta" title="University of Calcutta">University of Calcutta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Academic advisors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prafulla_Chandra_Ray" title="Prafulla Chandra Ray">Prafulla Chandra Ray</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Jnan_Chandra_Ghosh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Signature_of_Jnan_Chandra_Ghosh.svg/150px-Signature_of_Jnan_Chandra_Ghosh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Signature_of_Jnan_Chandra_Ghosh.svg/225px-Signature_of_Jnan_Chandra_Ghosh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Signature_of_Jnan_Chandra_Ghosh.svg/300px-Signature_of_Jnan_Chandra_Ghosh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="151" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir Jnan Chandra Ghosh</b> or <b>Jnanendra Chandra Ghosh</b> (4 September 1894 – 21 January 1959) was an Indian <a href="/wiki/Chemist" title="Chemist">chemist</a> best known for his contribution to the development of scientific research, industrial development and technology education in India.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as the director of the newly formed Eastern Higher Technical Institute in 1950, which was renamed as <a href="/wiki/IIT_Kharagpur" title="IIT Kharagpur">IIT Kharagpur</a> in 1951. He was also the director of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Science" title="Indian Institute of Science">Indian Institute of Science</a> Bangalore and Vice Chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Calcutta" title="University of Calcutta">University of Calcutta</a>. </p><p>He was also known for his development of anomaly of <a href="/wiki/Strong_electrolyte" title="Strong electrolyte">strong electrolytes</a> and the dissociation - ionization theory.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ghosh's other important contributions include his extensive study of <a href="/wiki/Photocatalyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Photocatalyst">photocatalysts</a> under the influence of polarised light and developments of Fischer–Tropsch reaction for the synthesis of hydrocarbons.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dr. Ghosh made contributions in the field of the application of <a href="/wiki/Differential_Thermal_Analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Differential Thermal Analysis">Differential Thermal Analysis</a> (D.T.A) as a tool for the systematic study of solid catalysts.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He also successfully guided research work on technical problems relating to the production from Indian raw materials of phosphatic fertilisers, ammonium sulphate, formaldehyde, potassium chlorate, etc. During his active career in building scientific research, technical education and industrial development, he was the Head of the Department of Chemistry at <a href="/wiki/Dacca_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacca University">Dacca University</a>, the Director of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Science" title="Indian Institute of Science">Indian Institute of Science</a> at Bangalore, the Director of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Technology,_Kharagpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur">Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur</a>, the Vice Chancellor of <a href="/wiki/Calcutta_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta University">Calcutta University</a>, and the Director-general of Industries and Supplies, Government of India.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jnan_Chandra_Ghosh&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jnanendra_Chandra_Ghosh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Jnanendra_Chandra_Ghosh.jpg/220px-Jnanendra_Chandra_Ghosh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="383" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Jnanendra_Chandra_Ghosh.jpg/330px-Jnanendra_Chandra_Ghosh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Jnanendra_Chandra_Ghosh.jpg/440px-Jnanendra_Chandra_Ghosh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption>c. 1919</figcaption></figure> <p>Jnan Chandra Ghosh was born in a <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Kayastha" title="Bengali Kayastha">Bengali Kayastha</a> family in Giridih, Jharkhand, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The son of Ram Chandra Ghosh, J C Ghosh belonged to a family of mica mine owners and mica merchants.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had his initial schooling at <a href="/wiki/Giridih" title="Giridih">Giridih</a> High School, where he stood first in the Chotnagpur Division in 1909 and enrolled in <a href="/wiki/Presidency_College,_Kolkata" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency College, Kolkata">Presidency College, Kolkata</a>. At Presidency College, he was among the finest students who would later become famous scientists. </p><p>In 1911, Jnan Chandra got fourth position in I.Sc. examination, while his other famous classmates <a href="/wiki/Satyendranath_Bose" class="mw-redirect" title="Satyendranath Bose">Satyendranath Bose</a> topped the list and <a href="/wiki/Meghnad_Saha" title="Meghnad Saha">Meghnad Saha</a> got the third position.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He passed both B.Sc. and M.Sc. as first in the first class in Chemistry and during this time he came under inspiring influence of <a href="/wiki/Acharya_Prafulla_Chandra_Ray" class="mw-redirect" title="Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray">Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray</a>. The Vice-Chancellor of Calcutta University, Sir <a href="/wiki/Ashutosh_Mukherjee" title="Ashutosh Mukherjee">Ashutosh Mukherjee</a> invited Jnan Ghosh to join as a lecturer even before the results were published. After his M.Sc. he was appointed as a lecturer of the Chemistry Department of newly founded <a href="/wiki/Rajabazar_Science_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajabazar Science College">Rajabazar Science College</a>, Calcutta. </p><p>The Sir Tarak Nath Palit Scholarship and Premchand Raychand student of the year award enabled J C Ghosh to travel to England for his doctoral degree at University College of Science in London.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In London, he took up research on various problems of photochemistry and he led to the exposition of theory of anomaly of strong electrolytes and the ionization theory. His scientific research drew appreciation from many famous scientists such as <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">William Bragg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1918, he was awarded D.Sc. for his research on strong electrolytes. During his stay in London, he worked for some time under <a href="/wiki/Frederick_G._Donnan" title="Frederick G. Donnan">Frederick G. Donnan</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jnan_Chandra_Ghosh&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M_N_Saha,_J_C_Bose,_J_C_Ghosh,_Snehamoy_Dutt,_S_N_Bose,_D_M_Bose,_N_R_Sen,_J_N_Mukherjee,_N_C_Nag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/M_N_Saha%2C_J_C_Bose%2C_J_C_Ghosh%2C_Snehamoy_Dutt%2C_S_N_Bose%2C_D_M_Bose%2C_N_R_Sen%2C_J_N_Mukherjee%2C_N_C_Nag.jpg/220px-M_N_Saha%2C_J_C_Bose%2C_J_C_Ghosh%2C_Snehamoy_Dutt%2C_S_N_Bose%2C_D_M_Bose%2C_N_R_Sen%2C_J_N_Mukherjee%2C_N_C_Nag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/M_N_Saha%2C_J_C_Bose%2C_J_C_Ghosh%2C_Snehamoy_Dutt%2C_S_N_Bose%2C_D_M_Bose%2C_N_R_Sen%2C_J_N_Mukherjee%2C_N_C_Nag.jpg/330px-M_N_Saha%2C_J_C_Bose%2C_J_C_Ghosh%2C_Snehamoy_Dutt%2C_S_N_Bose%2C_D_M_Bose%2C_N_R_Sen%2C_J_N_Mukherjee%2C_N_C_Nag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/M_N_Saha%2C_J_C_Bose%2C_J_C_Ghosh%2C_Snehamoy_Dutt%2C_S_N_Bose%2C_D_M_Bose%2C_N_R_Sen%2C_J_N_Mukherjee%2C_N_C_Nag.jpg/440px-M_N_Saha%2C_J_C_Bose%2C_J_C_Ghosh%2C_Snehamoy_Dutt%2C_S_N_Bose%2C_D_M_Bose%2C_N_R_Sen%2C_J_N_Mukherjee%2C_N_C_Nag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="786" /></a><figcaption>Jnan Chnadra Ghosh with other scientists at Calcutta University</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1921, J C Ghosh returned to India and joined the newly established <a href="/wiki/Dacca_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacca University">Dacca University</a> as professor and Head of the Department of Chemistry. He served Dacca University for about twenty years and with successes in research in building a brilliant school of Physical Chemistry. The most intensive research was carried out in the field of photo-chemistry, bio-chemistry and agricultural chemistry. He also served as dean of the Faculty of Sciences in 1924 and Provost of the Dacca University Hall from 1925 til the end of his stay. He attracted many to scientific research by his devotion and personality. His service at the Dacca University is considered to be the best period in his career in shaping science education in India.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1939, he was summoned to succeed <a href="/wiki/C_V_Raman" class="mw-redirect" title="C V Raman">C V Raman</a> as the Director of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Science" title="Indian Institute of Science">Indian Institute of Science</a> at Bangalore. At IISc too, J C Ghosh developed the institute rapidly by introducing engineering studies such as Aeronautical Engineering, Internal Combustion Engineering, Metallurgy and Power and High Voltage Engineering. During his service at IISC, he was knighted in 1943, chiefly for his war services.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He pioneered research on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis for obtaining liquid fuel from carbon monoxide and hydrogen and step-wise mechanism of ammonia synthesis from its elements, nitrogen and hydrogen. The findings were published in a book titled <i>Some Catalytic Gas Reactions of Industrial Importance</i>. </p><p>Inspired by his mentor <a href="/wiki/Acharya_Prafulla_Chandra_Ray" class="mw-redirect" title="Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray">Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray</a>, J C Ghosh was committed to development of industries in India.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Towards that goal, he led research work on technical problems relating to the production from Indian raw materials of phosphatic fertilisers, ammonium sulphate, formaldehyde, and potassium chlorate. He transitioned to the role of Director-General of Industry and Supply (1947-1950) and collaborated with international experts that laid the basis of heavy industries of steel, petroleum, machine tools and radar industries. During this period, he also served as a member of the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Council_of_Technical_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Council of Technical Education">All India Council of Technical Education</a> and there he felt the inadequacy of quality trained persons for large-scale industrial development. The need for technical education led to the establishment of a technology institute and J C Ghosh became the first Director of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Technology,_Kharagpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur">Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur</a>. J C Ghosh built a strong foundation with a cosmopolitan environment and brought the right people from across India and all over the world. He believed in close interaction between teachers, students and administration. </p><p>At his highest intense involvement at IIT, Kharagpur, he was called upon to lead his alma mater, Calcutta University. At the news of his departure, the students at IIT, Kharagpur went on a mass strike. Sir J C Ghosh addressed the students on the lawns of the students' residence, Patel Hall, and broke down in the middle of his speech and cried. In 1954, he left for Calcutta to become Vice Chancellor, Calcutta University where he started focusing on the improvements of living conditions of the students. In 1954, the Government of India awarded <a href="/wiki/Padma_Bhushan" title="Padma Bhushan">Padma Bhushan</a> on him in recognition of his ability and service to the country.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a year, he was inducted into the Planning Commission and was placed in charge of Education, Scientific Research and Health. Since May 1955, Dr. Ghosh had served with great distinction as a Member of the Planning Commission. He took part in all the stages of the preparation of the <a href="/wiki/Five-Year_Plans_of_India" title="Five-Year Plans of India">Second Five Year Plan</a> and had a large share in working out proposals for the expansion of facilities for technical education at various levels. He died in harness on 21 January 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jnan_Chandra_Ghosh&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><i>The Shaping of Indian Science: Indian Science Congress Association Presidential Addresses, Vol 1: 1914-1947</i>, Universities Press (India) Private Limited, 2003, p. 457, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7371-432-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7371-432-0"><bdi>978-81-7371-432-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shaping+of+Indian+Science%3A+Indian+Science+Congress+Association+Presidential+Addresses%2C+Vol+1%3A+1914-1947&rft.pages=457&rft.pub=Universities+Press+%28India%29+Private+Limited&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-7371-432-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJnan+Chandra+Ghosh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF.I.C1923" class="citation journal cs1">F.I.C, Henry J. S. Sand D. Sc Ph D. (1 February 1923). "XXVI. On the anomaly of strong electrolytes with special reference to the theories of J. C. Ghosh". <i>The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science</i>. <b>45</b> (266): 281–292. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14786442308634114">10.1080/14786442308634114</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1941-5982">1941-5982</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London%2C+Edinburgh%2C+and+Dublin+Philosophical+Magazine+and+Journal+of+Science&rft.atitle=XXVI.+On+the+anomaly+of+strong+electrolytes+with+special+reference+to+the+theories+of+J.+C.+Ghosh&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=266&rft.pages=281-292&rft.date=1923-02-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14786442308634114&rft.issn=1941-5982&rft.aulast=F.I.C&rft.aufirst=Henry+J.+S.+Sand+D.+Sc+Ph+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJnan+Chandra+Ghosh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF.I.C1923" class="citation journal cs1">F.I.C, Henry J. S. Sand D. Sc Ph D. (1 January 1923). "IX. On the anomaly of strong electrolytes with special reference to the theories of J.C. Ghosh". <i>The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science</i>. <b>45</b> (265): 129–144. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14786442308634096">10.1080/14786442308634096</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1941-5982">1941-5982</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London%2C+Edinburgh%2C+and+Dublin+Philosophical+Magazine+and+Journal+of+Science&rft.atitle=IX.+On+the+anomaly+of+strong+electrolytes+with+special+reference+to+the+theories+of+J.C.+Ghosh&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=265&rft.pages=129-144&rft.date=1923-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14786442308634096&rft.issn=1941-5982&rft.aulast=F.I.C&rft.aufirst=Henry+J.+S.+Sand+D.+Sc+Ph+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJnan+Chandra+Ghosh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGHOSHSASTRY1945" class="citation journal cs1">GHOSH, J. C.; SASTRY, S. L. (October 1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F156506b0">"Chromium Oxide as a Promoter in Catalysts for the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>156</b> (3965): 506. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1945Natur.156..506G">1945Natur.156..506G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F156506b0">10.1038/156506b0</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4001520">4001520</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Chromium+Oxide+as+a+Promoter+in+Catalysts+for+the+Fischer-Tropsch+Synthesis&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=3965&rft.pages=506&rft.date=1945-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F156506b0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4001520%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1476-4687&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1945Natur.156..506G&rft.aulast=GHOSH&rft.aufirst=J.+C.&rft.au=SASTRY%2C+S.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252F156506b0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJnan+Chandra+Ghosh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGHOSHSASTRI1951" class="citation journal cs1">GHOSH, J. 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R. Dhar (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F183645a0">"Sir J. C. Ghosh"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>183</b> (4662). Nature Publishing Group: 645–646. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1959Natur.183..645D">1959Natur.183..645D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F183645a0">10.1038/183645a0</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Sir+J.+C.+Ghosh&rft.volume=183&rft.issue=4662&rft.pages=645-646&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F183645a0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1959Natur.183..645D&rft.au=N.+R.+Dhar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252F183645a0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJnan+Chandra+Ghosh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette35841" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35841/page/2">"No. 35841"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 29 December 1942. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+35841&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1942-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F35841%2Fpage%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJnan+Chandra+Ghosh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahanti2008" class="citation cs2">Mahanti, Subodh (February 2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151009200115/http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/dream/feb2008/Dream%202047%20Feb%202008%20English.pdf">"Jnan Chandra Ghosh - Pioneer of Technological Education in India"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Dream 2047</i>, <b>10</b> (5), New Delhi: Vigyan Prasar: 32–34, <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0972-169X">0972-169X</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/dream/feb2008/Dream%202047%20Feb%202008%20English.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 October 2015</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dream+2047&rft.atitle=Jnan+Chandra+Ghosh+-+Pioneer+of+Technological+Education+in+India&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=32-34&rft.date=2008-02&rft.issn=0972-169X&rft.aulast=Mahanti&rft.aufirst=Subodh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vigyanprasar.gov.in%2Fdream%2Ffeb2008%2FDream%25202047%2520Feb%25202008%2520English.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJnan+Chandra+Ghosh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChakrabarti2013" class="citation cs2">Chakrabarti, Kunal (2013), <i>Historical Dictionary of the Bengalis</i>, Scarecrow Press, p. 200, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5334-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5334-8"><bdi>978-0-8108-5334-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Bengalis&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-5334-8&rft.aulast=Chakrabarti&rft.aufirst=Kunal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJnan+Chandra+Ghosh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1959/E-2028-1959-0011-91092.pdf">[1]</a> Planning Commission Notification, Jan 23, 1959</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jnan_Chandra_Ghosh&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121409/http://insaindia.org/deceaseddetail.php?id=F000269">"Professor Jnan Chandra Ghosh"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://insaindia.org/deceaseddetail.php?id=F000269">the original</a> on 4 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Professor+Jnan+Chandra+Ghosh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finsaindia.org%2Fdeceaseddetail.php%3Fid%3DF000269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJnan+Chandra+Ghosh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030517213054/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/seta/2002/12/12/stories/2002121200120300.htm">"An institution builder"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/seta/2002/12/12/stories/2002121200120300.htm">the original</a> on 17 May 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=An+institution+builder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fthehindu%2Fseta%2F2002%2F12%2F12%2Fstories%2F2002121200120300.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJnan+Chandra+Ghosh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/catalytic-reactions-industrial-importance-Honorarium/dp/B0006FFBF8/">Some Catalytic Gas Reactions of Industrial Importance</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Padma_Bhushan_Award_Recipients_1954%E2%80%931959" title="Template:Padma Bhushan Award Recipients 1954–1959"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Padma_Bhushan_Award_Recipients_1954%E2%80%931959" title="Template talk:Padma Bhushan Award Recipients 1954–1959"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Padma_Bhushan_Award_Recipients_1954%E2%80%931959" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Padma Bhushan Award Recipients 1954–1959"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1954–1959)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Padma_Bhushan" title="Padma Bhushan">Padma Bhushan</a> award recipients (1954–1959)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1954</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homi_J._Bhabha" title="Homi J. Bhabha">Homi J. Bhabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanti_Swaroop_Bhatnagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar">Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadeva_Iyer_Ganapati" title="Mahadeva Iyer Ganapati">Mahadeva Iyer Ganapati</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jnan Chandra Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maithili_Sharan_Gupt" title="Maithili Sharan Gupt">Maithili Sharan Gupt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarnath_Jha" title="Amarnath Jha">Amarnath Jha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajudhiya_Nath_Khosla" title="Ajudhiya Nath Khosla">Ajudhiya Nath Khosla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kariamanickam_Srinivasa_Krishnan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kariamanickam Srinivasa Krishnan">Kariamanickam Srinivasa Krishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussain_Ahmed_Madani" title="Hussain Ahmed Madani">Hussain Ahmed Madani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Malihabadi" title="Josh Malihabadi">Josh Malihabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikunthbhai_Mehta" title="Vaikunthbhai Mehta">Vaikunthbhai Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallathol_Narayana_Menon" title="Vallathol Narayana Menon">Vallathol Narayana Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Lakshmanaswami_Mudaliar" title="A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar">A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palden_Thondup_Namgyal" title="Palden Thondup Namgyal">Palden Thondup Namgyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Narahari_Rao" title="V. Narahari Rao">V. Narahari Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamini_Roy" title="Jamini Roy">Jamini Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukumar_Sen_(civil_servant)" title="Sukumar Sen (civil servant)">Sukumar Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Subbulakshmi" title="M. S. Subbulakshmi">M. S. Subbulakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodandera_Subayya_Thimayya" title="Kodandera Subayya Thimayya">Kodandera Subayya Thimayya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1955</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fateh_Chand_Badhwar" title="Fateh Chand Badhwar">Fateh Chand Badhwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalit_Mohan_Banerjee" title="Lalit Mohan Banerjee">Lalit Mohan Banerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suniti_Kumar_Chatterji" title="Suniti Kumar Chatterji">Suniti Kumar Chatterji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamaladevi_Chattopadhyay" title="Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay">Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._R._Khanolkar" title="V. R. Khanolkar">V. R. Khanolkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunder_Das_Khungar" title="Sunder Das Khungar">Sunder Das Khungar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameshwari_Nehru" title="Rameshwari Nehru">Rameshwari Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prana_Krushna_Parija" title="Prana Krushna Parija">Prana Krushna Parija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madapati_Hanumantha_Rao" title="Madapati Hanumantha Rao">Madapati Hanumantha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maneklal_Sankalchand_Thacker" title="Maneklal Sankalchand Thacker">Maneklal Sankalchand Thacker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1956</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini_Devi_Arundale" title="Rukmini Devi Arundale">Rukmini Devi Arundale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajshekhar_Basu" title="Rajshekhar Basu">Rajshekhar Basu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyan_Chand" title="Dhyan Chand">Dhyan Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zain_Yar_Jung" title="Zain Yar Jung">Zain Yar Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._K._Nayudu" title="C. K. Nayudu">C. K. Nayudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muthulakshmi_Reddi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muthulakshmi Reddi">Muthulakshmi Reddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanwar_Sen" title="Kanwar Sen">Kanwar Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vir_Singh_(writer)" title="Vir Singh (writer)">Vir Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Srinivasan" class="mw-redirect" title="K. Srinivasan">K. Srinivasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi_Varma" title="Mahadevi Varma">Mahadevi Varma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1957</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhikhan_Lal_Atreya" title="Bhikhan Lal Atreya">Bhikhan Lal Atreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balasaraswati" title="Balasaraswati">Balasaraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alagappa_Chettiar" title="Alagappa Chettiar">Alagappa Chettiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazari_Prasad_Dwivedi" title="Hazari Prasad Dwivedi">Hazari Prasad Dwivedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abid_Hussain" title="Abid Hussain">Abid Hussain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushtaq_Hussain_Khan" title="Mushtaq Hussain Khan">Mushtaq Hussain Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_N._Menon" title="Lakshmi N. Menon">Lakshmi N. Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Kumud_Mukherjee" title="Radha Kumud Mukherjee">Radha Kumud Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andal_Venkatasubba_Rao" title="Andal Venkatasubba Rao">Andal Venkatasubba Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrikrishna_Narayan_Ratanjankar" title="Shrikrishna Narayan Ratanjankar">Shrikrishna Narayan Ratanjankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyam_Nandan_Sahay" title="Shyam Nandan Sahay">Shyam Nandan Sahay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Sakharam_Sardesai" title="Govind Sakharam Sardesai">Govind Sakharam Sardesai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._A._Nilakanta_Sastri" title="K. A. Nilakanta Sastri">K. A. Nilakanta Sastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basiswar_Sen" title="Basiswar Sen">Basiswar Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddheshwar_Varma" title="Siddheshwar Varma">Siddheshwar Varma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1958</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Ali" title="Salim Ali">Salim Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharajkumar_of_Vizianagram" title="Maharajkumar of Vizianagram">Vijaya Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._P._Roy_Choudhury" title="D. P. Roy Choudhury">D. P. Roy Choudhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeahangir_Ghandy" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeahangir Ghandy">Jeahangir Ghandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._S._Hardikar" title="N. S. Hardikar">N. S. Hardikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyakudi_Ramanuja_Iyengar" title="Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar">Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allauddin_Khan" title="Allauddin Khan">Allauddin Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._P._S._Menon_(senior)" class="mw-redirect" title="K. P. S. Menon (senior)">K. P. S. Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._N._Nambiar" title="A. C. N. Nambiar">A. C. N. Nambiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuvempu" title="Kuvempu">Kuvempu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poola_Tirupati_Raju" title="Poola Tirupati Raju">Poola Tirupati Raju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamalendumati_Shah" title="Kamalendumati Shah">Kamalendumati Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanut_Singh" title="Hanut Singh">Rao Raja Hanut Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustom_Jal_Vakil" title="Rustom Jal Vakil">Rustom Jal Vakil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Narayan_Vyas" title="Surya Narayan Vyas">Surya Narayan Vyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darashaw_Nosherwan_Wadia" title="Darashaw Nosherwan Wadia">Darashaw Nosherwan Wadia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sisir_Bhaduri" title="Sisir Bhaduri">Sisir Bhaduri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramdhari_Singh_Dinkar" title="Ramdhari Singh Dinkar">Ramdhari Singh Dinkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Yavar_Jung" title="Ali Yavar Jung">Ali Yavar Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansa_Jivraj_Mehta" title="Hansa Jivraj Mehta">Hansa Jivraj Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pammal_Sambandha_Mudaliar" title="Pammal Sambandha Mudaliar">Pammal Sambandha Mudaliar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruppattur_R._Venkatachala_Murthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruppattur R. Venkatachala Murthi">Tiruppattur R. Venkatachala Murthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenzing_Norgay" title="Tenzing Norgay">Tenzing Norgay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaurao_Patil" title="Bhaurao Patil">Bhaurao Patil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanvanthi_Rama_Rau" title="Dhanvanthi Rama Rau">Dhanvanthi Rama Rau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmal_Kumar_Sidhanta" title="Nirmal Kumar Sidhanta">Nirmal Kumar Sidhanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Vasudevachar" title="Mysore Vasudevachar">Mysore Vasudevachar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhargavaram_Viththal_Varerkar" title="Bhargavaram Viththal Varerkar">Bhargavaram Viththal Varerkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Yazdani" title="Ghulam Yazdani">Ghulam Yazdani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div># Posthumous conferral <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1954%E2%80%931959)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1954–1959)">1954–1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1960%E2%80%931969)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1960–1969)">1960–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1970%E2%80%931979)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1970–1979)">1970–1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1980%E2%80%931989)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1980–1989)">1980–1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1990%E2%80%931999)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1990–1999)">1990–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(2000%E2%80%932009)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (2000–2009)">2000–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(2010%E2%80%932019)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (2010–2019)">2010–2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(2020%E2%80%932029)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (2020–2029)">2020–2029</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15647901#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15647901#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15647901#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1074126289">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr99026372">United States</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2005048045">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16271922t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16271922t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000324337&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA15659241?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jnan_Chandra_Ghosh&oldid=1239808399">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jnan_Chandra_Ghosh&oldid=1239808399</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1894_births" title="Category:1894 births">1894 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1959_deaths" title="Category:1959 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