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You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">Global blocks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li></ul><hr /> <div id="viewsourcetext">You can view and copy the source of this page:</div><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">==History== APL was created in 1942 during World War II under the Office of Scientific Research and Development's Section T<ref>{{Cite book|last=Baxter|first=James Phinney|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=57lgAAAAIAAJ|title=Scientists Against Time|date=1946|publisher=Little, Brown|isbn=9780598553881|language=en}}</ref> as part of the Government's effort to mobilize the nation's science and engineering expertise within its universities. Its founding director was [[Merle Tuve|Merle Anthony Tuve]], who led Section T throughout the war. Section T was created on August 17, 1940.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Holmes|first=Jamie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyKixgEACAAJ|title=12 Seconds of Silence: How a Team of Inventors, Tinkerers, and Spies Took Down a Nazi Superweapon|date=2020|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|isbn=978-1-328-46012-7|pages=44|language=en}}</ref> According to the official history<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-08-15|title=Records of the office of Scientific Research and Development|url=https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/227.html|access-date=2020-09-01|website=National Archives|language=en}}</ref> of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, ''Scientists Against Time'', APL was the name of Section T's main laboratory from 1942 onward, not the name of the organization overall.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Baxter|first=James Phinney|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=57lgAAAAIAAJ|title=Scientists Against Time|date=1946|publisher=Little, Brown|pages=230|isbn=9780598553881|language=en}}</ref> Section T's Applied Physics Laboratory succeeded in developing the [[Proximity fuze|variable-time proximity fuze]]<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.jhu.edu/~jhumag/0400web/10.html|first=Joanne|last=Simpson|title=The Funny Little Fuze with Devastating Aim|journal=Johns Hopkins Magazine|publisher=Johns Hopkins University|date=April 2000}}</ref> that played a significant role in the Allied victory.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jhuapl.edu/aboutapl/heritage/default.asp|title=Our History|access-date=March 12, 2015|website=JHU APL|publisher=Johns Hopkins University|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015083216/http://www.jhuapl.edu/aboutapl/heritage/default.asp|archive-date=October 15, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> In response to the fuze's success, the APL created the MK 57 gun director in 1944. Pleased with the APL's work, the Navy then tasked it with the mission to find a way to negate guided missile threats. From there on, the APL became very involved in wartime research.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url = http://www.jhuapl.edu/aboutapl/heritage/default.asp|title = APL at 70|date=2012|access-date=March 12, 2015|website=JHU APL|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015083216/http://www.jhuapl.edu/aboutapl/heritage/default.asp|archive-date=October 15, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Expected to disband at the end of the war, APL instead became heavily involved in the development of guided missile technology for the Navy. At governmental request, the University continued to maintain the Laboratory as a public service. APL was originally located in [[Silver Spring, Maryland]] in a used-car garage<ref name=":2"/> at the Wolfe Building at 8621 Georgia Avenue.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vFX-vGYz7FgC&pg=PA111|title=Historic Silver Spring|isbn=978-0-7385-4188-4|last1=McCoy|first1=Jerry A|last2 = Society|first2=Silver Spring Historical|date=November 2005|publisher=Arcadia }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gibson |first=R. E. |title=Reflections on the Origin and Early History of the Applied Physics Laboratory |url=https://www.jhuapl.edu/Content/techdigest/pdf/APL-V15-N02/APL-15-02-Gibson.pdf |website=jhuapl.edu}}</ref> APL began moving to Laurel in 1954, with the construction of a two million dollar building and a $700,000 wing expansion in 1956.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Washington Post|title=Johns Hopkins Lets Contract in Md.|date=March 27, 1955}}</ref> The final staff transitioned to the new facility in 1975.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last=Hagler |first=Michael L. |last2=Loesch |first2=James E. |last3=Kozak |first3=William E. |last4=Grose |first4=Ray W. |last5=Connelly |first5=Marc R. |title=The APL Campus: Past, Present, and Future |url=http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/td2104/hagler.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060911232526/http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/td2104/hagler.pdf |archive-date=September 11, 2006 |website=www.jhuapl.edu}}</ref><ref>[http://www.jhu.edu/~gazette/2002/25mar02/25sixty.html The Johns Hopkins Gazette: March 25, 2002]</ref> Before moving to Laurel, APL also maintained the "Forest Grove Station," north of Silver Spring on Georgia Avenue near today's [[Forest Glen station|Forest Glen Metro]],<ref>[https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&ie=UTF8&z=16&iwloc=addr Google Maps]</ref> which included a hypersonic wind tunnel. The Forest Grove Station was vacated and torn down in 1963 and flight simulations were moved to Laurel. In the 1960s, APL built a mobile automaton called the [[Johns Hopkins Beast]]. The Laboratory's name comes from its origins in World War II, but APL's major strengths are [[systems engineering]] and technology application. More than three-quarters of the staff are technical professionals, and 25% have [[computer science]] and math degrees. APL conducts programs in fundamental and applied research; exploratory and advanced development; test and evaluation; and systems engineering and integration. === Wartime contributions === During the 1950s and the 1960s APL worked with the US Navy in the [[Operation Bumblebee]] Program on the [[Talos missile]], [[Tartar missile]], Terrier, and [[RIM-2 Terrier]] Surface to Air Missile systems. The follow-on [[RIM-50 Typhon]] Missile Project, based on improved Talos and Tartar Missiles, while successful, was cancelled in 1963 due to high costs and was eventually developed into the now well-known [[Aegis Combat System]] based on an improved Terrier. In 1990, APL became involved with [[Operation Desert Storm]] and was involved in the {{clarify|text=Gulf Crisis Room|date=August 2015}} among other efforts. In the same decade (1992), APL, along with Johns Hopkins University, developed an algorithm that allowed for automatic mammogram analysis.<ref name=":0"/> === Pershing === In 1965, the US Army contracted with APL to develop and implement a test and evaluation program for the [[Pershing missile]] systems.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mentzer Jr.|first=William R.|title=Test and Evaluation of Land-Mobile Missile Systems|journal=Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest|publisher=Johns Hopkins University|date=1998|url=http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/TD/td1904/mentzer.pdf|access-date=December 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090832/http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/TD/td1904/mentzer.pdf|archive-date=March 4, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> APL developed the Pershing Operational Test Program (OTP), provided technical support to the [[Pershing Operational Test Unit]] (POTU), identified problem areas and improved the performance and survivability of the Pershing systems.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lyman|first=Donald R.|title=POTU: Testing Pershing in Europe and CONUS|journal=Field Artillery Journal|pages=15–17|date=May–June 1977|url=http://sill-www.army.mil/firesbulletin/archives/1977/MAY_JUN_1977/MAY_JUN_1977_PAGES_15_17.pdf}}</ref> </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"></div><p id="mw-returnto">Return to <a href="/wiki/Applied_Physics_Laboratory" title="Applied Physics Laboratory">Applied Physics Laboratory</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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