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mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-政府行政" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政府行政"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>政府行政</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-政府行政-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关政府行政子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-政府行政-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-大冢宰" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#大冢宰"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>大冢宰</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-大冢宰-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>文化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人口" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人口"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>人口</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人口-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-君主" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#君主"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>君主</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-君主-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-藩王" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#藩王"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>藩王</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-藩王-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">北周</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。24种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B6rdliche_Zhou-Dynastie" title="Nördliche Zhou-Dynastie – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nördliche Zhou-Dynastie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Zhou" title="Northern Zhou – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Northern Zhou" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ژو شمالی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژو شمالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohjoinen_Zhou-dynastia" title="Pohjoinen Zhou-dynastia – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pohjoinen Zhou-dynastia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastie_Zhou_du_Nord" title="Dynastie Zhou du Nord – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dynastie Zhou du Nord" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjeverni_Zhou" title="Sjeverni Zhou – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sjeverni Zhou" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Zhou_Utara" title="Dinasti Zhou Utara – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dinasti Zhou Utara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_Zhou_Settentrionale" title="Dinastia Zhou Settentrionale – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dinastia Zhou Settentrionale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8" title="北周 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="北周" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%81%EC%A3%BC" title="북주 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="북주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Умард Жоу – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Умард Жоу" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noordelijke_Zhou-dynastie" title="Noordelijke Zhou-dynastie – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Noordelijke Zhou-dynastie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordlige_Zhou" title="Nordlige Zhou – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nordlige Zhou" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A7%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Северная Чжоу – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Северная Чжоу" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjeverni_Zhou" title="Sjeverni Zhou – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sjeverni Zhou" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norra_Zhoudynastin" title="Norra Zhoudynastin – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Norra Zhoudynastin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD" title="ราชวงศ์โจวเหนือ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชวงศ์โจวเหนือ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuzey_Zhou" title="Kuzey Zhou – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuzey Zhou" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Династія Північна Чжоу – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Династія Північна Чжоу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Chu" title="Bắc Chu – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bắc Chu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8" title="北周 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="北周" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8" title="北周 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="北周" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pak_Chiu" title="Pak Chiu – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pak Chiu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8" title="北周 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="北周" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%2591%25A8"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Northern_Zhou_Dynasty" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q551067" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84055776">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow 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#a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr fn org country-name">周</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">557年—581年</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8%EF%BD%A5%E5%8C%97%E6%96%89%EF%BD%A5%E9%99%B3%EF%BD%A5%E5%BE%8C%E6%A2%81.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8%EF%BD%A5%E5%8C%97%E6%96%89%EF%BD%A5%E9%99%B3%EF%BD%A5%E5%BE%8C%E6%A2%81.PNG/250px-%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8%EF%BD%A5%E5%8C%97%E6%96%89%EF%BD%A5%E9%99%B3%EF%BD%A5%E5%BE%8C%E6%A2%81.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8%EF%BD%A5%E5%8C%97%E6%96%89%EF%BD%A5%E9%99%B3%EF%BD%A5%E5%BE%8C%E6%A2%81.PNG/375px-%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8%EF%BD%A5%E5%8C%97%E6%96%89%EF%BD%A5%E9%99%B3%EF%BD%A5%E5%BE%8C%E6%A2%81.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8%EF%BD%A5%E5%8C%97%E6%96%89%EF%BD%A5%E9%99%B3%EF%BD%A5%E5%BE%8C%E6%A2%81.PNG/500px-%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8%EF%BD%A5%E5%8C%97%E6%96%89%EF%BD%A5%E9%99%B3%EF%BD%A5%E5%BE%8C%E6%A2%81.PNG 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="606" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">橙色部份為北周疆域</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">京城</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="長安">長安</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">国君姓氏</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E5%A7%93" title="宇文姓">宇文</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">君主</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">5</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 557 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">孝闵帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E8%A6%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="宇文覺">宇文覺</a>（開國）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 579－581 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">靜帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E8%A1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="宇文衍">宇文衍</a>（亡國）</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;;">兴衰</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap">557年2月15日</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E6%8A%A4" title="宇文护">宇文護</a>迫使<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%93%E8%B7%8B%E5%BB%93" class="mw-redirect" title="拓跋廓">拓跋廓</a>讓位予<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E8%A6%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="宇文覺">宇文覺</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 581年3月4日 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E5%A0%85" class="mw-redirect" title="楊堅">楊堅</a>取代北周建立<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="隋朝">隋朝</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">面积</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">150萬平方公里<small>（577年）</small></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>前身</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>继承</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%AD%8F" title="西魏">西魏</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%BD%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="北齊">北齊</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="隋朝">隋</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="floatright" style="border:1px solid #BBBBBB; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: small; line-height:1.3em; text-align:center; vertical-align: middle"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="12" style="background-color: var(--background-color-neutral,#EEE);color: inherit;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="中國歷史"><img alt="中國歷史" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%22History_of_China%22_for_template_heading_%28right-to-left%29.svg/240px-%22History_of_China%22_for_template_heading_%28right-to-left%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%22History_of_China%22_for_template_heading_%28right-to-left%29.svg/360px-%22History_of_China%22_for_template_heading_%28right-to-left%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%22History_of_China%22_for_template_heading_%28right-to-left%29.svg/480px-%22History_of_China%22_for_template_heading_%28right-to-left%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="121" /></a></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="中国历史">中国历史</a>系列條目</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#C1F8F7" colspan="3" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="中国史前文化"><b>史前時代</b></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Template:Neolithic_cultures_of_China" title="Template:Neolithic cultures of China"><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>註</small></span></a> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#E1FFE1" colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%A7%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中国旧石器文化列表">舊石器時代</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFE1" colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%AD%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中国中石器文化列表">中石器時代</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFECE1" colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中国新石器文化列表">新石器時代</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFE1FF" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="古国时代"><b>古国時代</b></a><br /><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9A%87%E4%BA%94%E5%B8%9D" title="三皇五帝">三皇五帝</a>）</small> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#C1F8F7" colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C%E7%9F%B3%E5%B9%B6%E7%94%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="铜石并用时代">銅石並用時代</a><br /><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="黄河文明">黄河文明</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="长江文明">长江文明</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E6%B2%B3%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="遼河文明">辽河文明</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%A0%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="珠江文明">珠江文明</a>）</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#E1FFE1" colspan="12"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%9C%9D" title="夏朝"><b>夏</b><br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>前21世紀—前17世纪</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFECE1" colspan="12"><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D" title="商朝"><b>商</b><br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>前17世紀—前11世紀</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFE1FF" colspan="3" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9D" title="周朝"><b>周</b><br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>前11世紀<br />︱<br />前256年</small></span></a> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFE1FF" colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%91%A8" title="西周">西周 <span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>前11世紀—前771年</small></span> </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFE1FF" colspan="3" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%91%A8" title="东周">东周<br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>前770年—前256年</small></span></a> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFE1" colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="春秋时期">春秋 <span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>前770年—前5世紀</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#E1FFE1" colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="战国时期">戰國 <span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>前5世紀—前221年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFECE1" colspan="12"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%9C%9D" title="秦朝"><b>秦</b><br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>前221年—前207年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#E1FFE1" colspan="3" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%9C%9D" title="汉朝"><b>汉</b><br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>前202年<br />︱<br />220年</small></span></a> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#E1FFE1" colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A5%9A" title="西楚"><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>西楚前206年—前202年</small></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B1%89" title="西汉">西汉 <span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>前202年—9年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFE1" colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%9D" title="新朝"><b>新</b> <span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>9年—23年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#E1FFE1" colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B4%E5%A7%8B%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" title="更始政權"><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>更始政權 23年—25年</small></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B1%89" title="东汉">东汉 <span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>25年—220年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFE1FF" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD" title="三国"><b>三国</b><br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>220年—280年</small></span></a> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#C1F8F7" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E9%AD%8F" title="曹魏">魏<br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>220年—266年</small></span></a> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#E1FFE1" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%80%E6%B1%89" title="蜀汉">蜀漢<br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>221年—263年</small></span></a> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFE1" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E5%90%B3" title="孫吳">吳<br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>222年—280年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFECE1" colspan="3" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="晋朝"><b>晋</b><br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>266年—420年</small></span> </a> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFECE1" colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%99%8B" title="西晋">西晋 <span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>266年—316年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFECE1" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%99%8B" title="东晋">东晋<br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>317年—420年</small></span></a> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFE1FF" colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%83%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="五胡十六国"><b>五胡十六国</b><br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>304年—439年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#C1F8F7" colspan="3" rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D" title="南北朝"><b>南<br />北<br />朝</b><br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>420年<br />︱<br />589年</small></span></a> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#E1FFE1" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E5%AE%8B" title="刘宋">宋 <span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>420年—479年</small></span></a> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFE1" colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F" title="北魏">北魏 <br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>386年—534年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#E1FFE1" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%BD%90" title="南齐">齐 <span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>479年—502年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#E1FFE1" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81_(%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9D)" title="梁 (南朝)">梁 <span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>502年—557年</small></span></a> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFE1" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%AD%8F" title="西魏">西魏<br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>535年—557年</small></span></a> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFE1" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%AD%8F" title="东魏">东魏<br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>534年—550年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#E1FFE1" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3_(%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9D)" title="陳 (南朝)">陳 <span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>557年—589年</small></span></a> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFE1" colspan="3"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">北周<br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>557年—581年</small></span></a> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFE1" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%BD%90" title="北齐">北齐<br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>550年—577年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFECE1" colspan="12"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="隋朝"><b>隋</b> <span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>581年—619年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFE1" colspan="12"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝"><b>唐</b> <span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>618年—907年</small></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%91%A8" title="武周"><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>武周 690年—705年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#C1F8F7" colspan="3" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%BD" title="五代十国"><b>五<br />代<br />十<br />國</b><br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>907年<br />︱<br />979年</small></span></a> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#E1FFE1" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E6%A2%81" title="后梁">後梁<br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>907年—923年</small></span></a> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFECE1" colspan="3" rowspan="5">十國<br />（<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E5%90%B4" title="杨吴">吳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%94%90" title="南唐">南唐</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%B6%8A%E5%9B%BD" title="吴越国">吳越</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E5%9B%BD" title="闽国">閩</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E8%9C%80" title="前蜀">前蜀</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E8%9C%80" title="後蜀">後蜀</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%86%E5%8D%97" title="荆南">荆南</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%A5%9A" title="马楚">楚</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B1%89" title="南汉">南汉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B1%89" title="北汉">北汉</a>）<br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>907年—979年</small></span> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#C1F8F7" colspan="3" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BD%E6%9C%9D" title="辽朝"><b>辽<br />（契丹）</b><br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>916年—1125年</small></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%BE%BD" title="西辽"><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>西辽<br />1124年—1218年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#E1FFE1" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%94%90" title="后唐">後唐<br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>923年—937年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#E1FFE1" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E6%99%8B" title="后晋">後晉<br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>936年—947年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#E1FFE1" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2" title="後漢">後漢<br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>947年—951年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#E1FFE1" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%91%A8" title="后周">後周<br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>951年—960年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFE1FF" colspan="3" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝"><b>宋</b><br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>960年<br />︱<br />1279年</small></span></a> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFE1FF" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B" title="北宋">北宋<br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>960年—1127年</small></span></a> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#E1FFE1" colspan="3" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%8F" title="西夏"><b>西夏</b><br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>1038年—1227年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFE1FF" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B" title="南宋">南宋<br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>1127年—1279年</small></span></a> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFE1" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%9D" title="金朝"><b>金</b><br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>1115年—1234年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFECE1" colspan="12"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古帝国"><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>蒙古帝國 1206年—1368年</small></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" title="元朝"><b>元</b> <span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>1260年/1271年—1368年</small></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%85%83" title="北元"><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>北元 1368年—1388年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFE1FF" colspan="12"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝"><b>明</b> <span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>1368年—1644年</small></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%98%8E" title="南明"><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>南明 1644年—1662年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFE1" colspan="12"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E9%87%91" title="后金"><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>後金 1616年—1636年</small></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝"><b>清</b> <span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>1636年/1644年—1912年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#C1F8F7" colspan="12"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="中華民國大陸時期"><b>中華民國</b><br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>大陆时期 1912年—1949年</small></span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="background-color:#FFE1FF" colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国"><b>中華人民共和國</b><br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#888)"><small>1949年至今</small></span></a> </td> <td class="skin-invert" 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href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="中國歷史">中國歷史</a>上<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D" title="南北朝">南北朝</a>的北朝之一，由<b>宇文</b>氏建立，定都<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="長安">長安</a>，北周自建國後，統治實權一直在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B8%E5%BA%9C" title="霸府">霸府</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E6%8A%A4" title="宇文护">宇文護</a>身上，皇帝無力與之抗阻，為了擺脫<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E6%8A%A4" title="宇文护">宇文護</a>的束縛，經過一連串的計畫與鬥爭，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="北周武帝">北周武帝</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E9%82%95" class="mw-redirect" title="宇文邕">宇文邕</a>終於殺死了宇文護，掌握大權，並以德施政，人民安樂，在位時更成功滅北齊，統一北朝。但他死後三年，北周便被<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E5%A0%85" class="mw-redirect" title="楊堅">楊堅</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="隋">隋</a>所取代，後由<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E7%81%AD%E9%99%88" class="mw-redirect" title="隋灭陈">隋滅陳</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="统一中国">統一中國</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>北周由<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E6%B3%B0" title="宇文泰">宇文泰</a>奠定根基。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F" title="北魏">北魏</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%8E%AE%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%82" class="mw-redirect" title="六鎮之亂">六鎮之亂</a>時，宇文泰投靠權臣<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%BE%E6%9C%B1%E6%A6%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="爾朱榮">爾朱榮</a>，隨其入<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E4%B8%AD" class="mw-disambig" title="關中">關中</a>討伐叛逆，後來投于以關中隴西為根據地的大將<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%80%E6%8B%94%E5%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="賀拔岳">賀拔岳</a>的麾下，並漸漸受重用。贺拔岳拥兵关陇，与<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%AC%A2" title="高欢">高欢</a>并为北魏两大军事集团首领，两人争锋相对，相互猜忌，最终贺拔岳被高欢收买的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%AF%E8%8E%AB%E9%99%B3%E6%82%A6" title="侯莫陳悦">侯莫陈悦</a>所杀<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。賀拔岳所屬將領在賀遇刺後，擁立宇文泰為統帥。宇文泰击败侯莫陈悦，实际控制關隴。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F%E5%AD%9D%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="北魏孝武帝">北魏孝武帝</a>在討伐高歡失敗後，逃奔關中。宇文泰雖收容了他。但不久就將孝武帝殺害，改擁立<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%AD%8F%E6%96%87%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="西魏文帝">西魏文帝</a>建立<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%AD%8F" title="西魏">西魏</a>（535年）。而東方的高歡在孝武帝逃入關中後擁立<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E9%AD%8F%E5%AD%9D%E9%9D%9C%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="東魏孝靜帝">東魏孝靜帝</a>，把朝廷遷到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="河北">河北</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%B4%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="鄴城">鄴城</a>，建立<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E9%AD%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="東魏">東魏</a>（534年）。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%AD%8F" title="西魏">西魏</a>建立後，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E6%B3%B0" title="宇文泰">宇文泰</a>成為大<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9E%E7%9B%B8" title="丞相">丞相</a>。宇文泰在三次戰役中大敗東魏，奠定宇文氏在關中的基礎。宇文泰任用<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E7%B6%BD" title="蘇綽">蘇綽</a>等人改革，使西魏進一步強盛。進而攻入<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%A2%81" class="mw-redirect" title="南梁">南梁</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E9%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="成都">成都</a>，奪取<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8A%E5%B7%9E" title="益州">西川</a>地盤。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%AD%8F%E6%81%AD%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="西魏恭帝">西魏恭帝</a>三年（556年），宇文泰病死，由嫡长子<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E8%A7%89" class="mw-redirect" title="宇文觉">宇文觉</a>承袭为安定郡公、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B8%88" title="太师">太师</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%86%A2%E5%AE%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="大冢宰">大冢宰</a>。次年，宇文泰之侄<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E6%8A%A4" title="宇文护">宇文護</a>迫西魏恭帝<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AA%E8%AE%93" class="mw-redirect" title="禪讓">禪讓</a>，由<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E8%A6%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="宇文覺">宇文覺</a>即位<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8E%8B_(%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB)" class="mw-redirect" title="天王 (君主)">天王</a>，建立北周，建都<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="長安">長安</a>（即今<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%9D%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="陝西">陝西</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="西安">西安</a>）。 </p><p>宇文护不久杀魏恭帝及其弟、子及其他西魏宗室。<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E8%A6%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="宇文覺">宇文覺</a>不滿<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E6%8A%A4" title="宇文护">宇文護</a>專權，企圖剷除宇文護，但反被其所殺。宇文護擁立宇文覺庶兄宇文毓，是為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="北周明帝">北周明帝</a>。明帝赦免被牵连获罪的西魏宗室，封<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%BD%97" title="元罗">元罗</a>为韩国公奉祀西魏。幾年後，宇文护又杀明帝，但仍按明帝遗命，擁立明帝異母弟宇文邕為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="北周武帝">北周武帝</a>。宇文護執掌政權十五年，成為北周實際上的主宰。他承繼宇文泰、<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E7%B6%BD" title="蘇綽">蘇綽</a>的政策，消滅威脅政權的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E9%96%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="軍閥">軍閥</a>，使北周政權更鞏固。北周武帝年間，宇文護的兒子亂政害民，宇文護的威望大降。天和七年（572年）三月，北周武帝乘機<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%BA%E6%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="刺殺">刺殺</a>了宇文護，重奪政權。 </p><p>北周武帝執政後，積極推廣漢化並勵精圖治。575年發兵征<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%BD%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="北齊">北齊</a>，577年，北周滅北齊，統一<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E5%8C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="華北">華北</a>，仅北齐营州刺史<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%AE%9D%E5%AE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="高宝宁">高宝宁</a>未降，奉逃奔突厥的皇子<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%BB%8D%E4%B9%89" title="高绍义">高绍义</a>为帝。北周統一華北後國力一度興盛，北周武帝英年早逝，北周宣帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E8%B4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="宇文贇">宇文贇</a>繼位。周宣帝生前即传位年幼的儿子<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8%E9%9D%99%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="北周静帝">北周靜帝</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E9%97%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="宇文闡">宇文闡</a>。580年6月8日宣帝病死，外戚<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E5%A0%85" class="mw-redirect" title="楊堅">楊堅</a>以大丞相身份輔政，乘機將北周重臣外遣，進而把持朝政。相州總管<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%89%E9%81%B2%E8%BF%A5" title="尉遲迥">尉遲迥</a>、鄖州總管<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E6%B6%88%E9%9B%A3" title="司馬消難">司馬消難</a>與益州總管<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E8%AC%99_(%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8)" class="mw-redirect" title="王謙 (北周)">王謙</a>等人不滿楊堅專權，聯合叛變反抗楊堅，爆發<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%89%E9%81%B2%E8%BF%A5%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%82" class="mw-redirect" title="尉遲迥之亂">尉遲迥之亂</a>，但被楊堅所派的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%8B%E5%AD%9D%E5%AF%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="韋孝寬">韋孝寬</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E8%AA%BC" title="王誼">王誼</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%86%B2" title="高熲">高熲</a>等人平定。期间杨坚亦诛杀北周明帝长子太师雍州牧毕王<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E8%B3%A2" title="宇文賢">宇文贤</a>及尚在人世的宇文泰五子，并与突厥通好，突厥<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%96%E9%92%B5%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" class="mw-redirect" title="他钵可汗">他钵可汗</a>遂将高绍义交给北周。581年3月4日，北周靜帝禪讓帝位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E5%A0%85" class="mw-redirect" title="楊堅">楊堅</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E5%A0%85" class="mw-redirect" title="楊堅">楊堅</a>受禅称帝，改國號<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="隋朝">隋</a>，北周享國二十四年而亡。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E5%9D%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="杨坚">杨坚</a>建国不久，就将北周近支宗室诛杀殆尽，将<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E6%B4%9B" title="宇文洛">宇文洛</a>封为介国公作为北周奉祀。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="政府行政"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E5.BA.9C.E8.A1.8C.E6.94.BF"></span>政府行政</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：政府行政"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%AD%8F%E6%81%AD%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="西魏恭帝">西魏恭帝</a>三年（556年），<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E6%B3%B0" title="宇文泰">宇文泰</a>仿照《<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E7%A4%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="周礼">周礼</a>》描述的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%BF" title="六卿">六卿（六官）</a>，建立起独特的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AD%E5%AE%98_(%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="六官 (北周)（页面不存在）">六官制度</a>。当年，北周建立，仍然沿用这一制度<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:85</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="大冢宰"><span id=".E5.A4.A7.E5.86.A2.E5.AE.B0"></span>大冢宰</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：大冢宰"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%86%A2%E5%AE%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="大冢宰">大冢宰</a>为北周六官之首，相当于丞相。 </p> <ul><li>北周立國至572年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E6%8A%A4" title="宇文护">宇文護</a>掌權。</li> <li>572年至578年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="北周武帝">北周武帝</a>親政。</li> <li>578年至580年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="北周宣帝">北周宣帝</a>親政。</li> <li>580年至北周滅亡，外戚<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E5%A0%85" class="mw-redirect" title="楊堅">楊堅</a>掌權。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>此時期佛教藝術創作，大多數位於長安。印度<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%88%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="笈多王朝">笈多王朝</a>雕像為許多大型佛像的原型。在敦煌千佛洞則有一些北周風格的壁畫，在這些壁畫中，山水畫固然重要，不過仍遜於人物畫。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>北周一反北魏孝文帝後的漢化風，重新提倡鮮卑文化，以<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%91%E8%AF%AD" title="鲜卑语">鮮卑語</a>為公家語言，也重新恢復鮮卑姓氏和向漢人賜鮮卑姓氏。 </p><p><b>儒学</b> </p><p>北周统治者总体崇尚儒学，依靠儒家经典《周官》制定官僚制度，依靠儒家经典规范官员礼仪言行，优待儒士，建立学院宣扬儒学并搜罗和编修儒家典籍。由于北周帝王的倡导，儒学在北周时期得以广泛传播，儒家典籍也不至于毁于战火之中<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人口"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E5.8F.A3"></span>人口</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：人口"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>北周<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E9%9D%99%E5%B8%9D" title="周静帝">周静帝</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B1%A1_(%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%B7)" title="大象 (年号)">大象</a>时期（580年）北周三百多万户，人口九百多万人<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>北周人口盛时约1250万。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="君主"><span id=".E5.90.9B.E4.B8.BB"></span>君主</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：君主"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E4%B8%96%E7%B3%BB%E5%9B%BE" title="北周皇帝世系图">北周皇帝世系圖</a></div> <table class="wikitable" width="1000" align="center"> <caption><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D" title="南北朝">南北朝</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D" title="南北朝">北朝</a>·<a class="mw-selflink selflink">北周</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="君主">君主</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%B7" title="年号">年号</a></b>　 <small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D/%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D/%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8&action=edit">编辑</a></small> </caption> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th>肖像 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%99%E5%8F%B7" title="庙号">庙号</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A5%E5%8F%B7" title="谥号">谥号</a> </th> <th>名讳 </th> <th>在世时间 </th> <th>在位时间 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%B7" title="年号">年号</a>及使用时间 </th> <th>陵寝 </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th colspan="9">追尊周皇帝 </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><b>德皇帝</b><br /><small>（明帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D" title="周明帝">宇文毓</a>追谥）</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E8%82%B1" title="宇文肱">宇文肱</a> </td> <td>？－<a href="/wiki/526%E5%B9%B4" title="526年">526年</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td rowspan="3">— </td> <td>— </td> <td><b>安定郡文公</b><br /><small>（西魏恭帝<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%81%AD%E5%B8%9D" title="魏恭帝">拓跋廓</a>谥）</small> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E6%B3%B0" title="宇文泰">宇文泰</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/507%E5%B9%B4" title="507年">507年</a>－<a href="/wiki/556%E5%B9%B4" title="556年">556年</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">— </td> <td rowspan="3">— </td> <td rowspan="3">— </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E9%99%B5_(%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8)" title="成陵 (北周)">成陵</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td rowspan="2">太祖<br /><small>（孝闵帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%AD%9D%E9%97%B5%E5%B8%9D" title="周孝闵帝">宇文觉</a>追尊）</small> </td> <td><b>文王</b><br /><small>（孝闵帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%AD%9D%E9%97%B5%E5%B8%9D" title="周孝闵帝">宇文觉</a>追谥）</small> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><b>文皇帝</b><br /><small>（明帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D" title="周明帝">宇文毓</a>追谥）</small> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th colspan="9">周天王 </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><b>孝闵皇帝</b><br /><small>（武帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" title="周武帝">宇文邕</a>追谥）</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%AD%9D%E9%97%B5%E5%B8%9D" title="周孝闵帝">宇文觉</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/542%E5%B9%B4" title="542年">542年</a>－<a href="/wiki/557%E5%B9%B4" title="557年">557年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/557%E5%B9%B4" title="557年">557年</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%AD%9D%E9%97%B5%E5%B8%9D" title="周孝闵帝">静陵</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>— </td> <td>世宗 </td> <td><b>明皇帝</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D" title="周明帝">宇文毓</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/534%E5%B9%B4" title="534年">534年</a>－<a href="/wiki/560%E5%B9%B4" title="560年">560年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/557%E5%B9%B4" title="557年">557年</a>－<a href="/wiki/559%E5%B9%B4" title="559年">559年</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D" title="周明帝">昭陵</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th colspan="9">周皇帝 </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>— </td> <td>世宗 </td> <td><b>明皇帝</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D" title="周明帝">宇文毓</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/534%E5%B9%B4" title="534年">534年</a>－<a href="/wiki/560%E5%B9%B4" title="560年">560年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/559%E5%B9%B4" title="559年">559年</a>－<a href="/wiki/560%E5%B9%B4" title="560年">560年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E6%88%90_(%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8)" title="武成 (北周)">武成</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/559%E5%B9%B4" title="559年">559年</a>－<a href="/wiki/560%E5%B9%B4" title="560年">560年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D" title="周明帝">昭陵</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td rowspan="4">— </td> <td rowspan="4">高祖 </td> <td rowspan="4"><b>武皇帝</b> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" title="周武帝">宇文邕</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/543%E5%B9%B4" title="543年">543年</a>－<a href="/wiki/578%E5%B9%B4" title="578年">578年</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/560%E5%B9%B4" title="560年">560年</a>－<a href="/wiki/578%E5%B9%B4" title="578年">578年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%9A_(%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8)" title="保定 (北周)">保定</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/561%E5%B9%B4" title="561年">561年</a>－<a href="/wiki/565%E5%B9%B4" title="565年">565年</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8%E5%AD%9D%E9%99%B5" title="北周孝陵">孝陵</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%92%8C_(%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8)" title="天和 (北周)">天和</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/566%E5%B9%B4" title="566年">566年</a>－<a href="/wiki/572%E5%B9%B4" title="572年">572年</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E5%BE%B7_(%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8)" title="建德 (北周)">建德</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/572%E5%B9%B4" title="572年">572年</a>－<a href="/wiki/578%E5%B9%B4" title="578年">578年</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E6%94%BF" title="宣政">宣政</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/578%E5%B9%B4" title="578年">578年</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td><b>宣皇帝</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%9D" title="周宣帝">宇文赟</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/559%E5%B9%B4" title="559年">559年</a>－<a href="/wiki/580%E5%B9%B4" title="580年">580年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/579%E5%B9%B4" title="579年">579年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%90_(%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8)" title="大成 (北周)">大成</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/579%E5%B9%B4" title="579年">579年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%9D" title="周宣帝">定陵</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td rowspan="2">— </td> <td rowspan="2">— </td> <td rowspan="2"><b>静皇帝</b><br /><small>（隋文帝<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%96%87%E5%B8%9D" title="隋文帝">杨坚</a>谥）</small> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E9%9D%99%E5%B8%9D" title="周静帝">宇文阐</a><br /><small>（原名衍）</small><br /><small>（禅位于隋文帝<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%96%87%E5%B8%9D" title="隋文帝">杨坚</a>，降封介国公）</small> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/573%E5%B9%B4" title="573年">573年</a>－<a href="/wiki/581%E5%B9%B4" title="581年">581年</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/579%E5%B9%B4" title="579年">579年</a>－<a href="/wiki/581%E5%B9%B4" title="581年">581年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B1%A1_(%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%B7)" title="大象 (年号)">大象</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/579%E5%B9%B4" title="579年">579年</a>－<a href="/wiki/580%E5%B9%B4" title="580年">580年</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%AD%E9%99%B5_(%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8)" title="恭陵 (北周)">恭陵</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%9A_(%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8)" title="大定 (北周)">大定</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/581%E5%B9%B4" title="581年">581年</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="藩王"><span id=".E8.97.A9.E7.8E.8B"></span>藩王</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：藩王"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint">参见<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D%E8%97%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="北朝藩王列表">北朝藩王列表</a>以获取更详尽的列表。</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 25em; -webkit-column-width: 25em; column-width: 25em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《魏书·卷八十·列传第六十八》：永熙三年正月，岳召悦共讨灵州。悦诱岳斩之。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">焦培民. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mall.cnki.net/magazine/Article/BFLC201002023.htm">《略论北周司会的地位与职掌》</a>. 北方论丛 (黑龙江省哈尔滨市: 哈尔滨师范大学). 2010, (2016年第02期): 85–88. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1000-3541"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1000-3541</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305065658/https://mall.cnki.net/magazine/Article/BFLC201002023.htm">存档</a>于2022-03-05） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到简体中文网页">（简体中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E7%95%A5%E8%AE%BA%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8%E5%8F%B8%E4%BC%9A%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%8E%E8%81%8C%E6%8E%8C%E3%80%8B&rft.au=%E7%84%A6%E5%9F%B9%E6%B0%91&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1000-3541&rft.issue=2016%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC02%E6%9C%9F&rft.jtitle=%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E8%AE%BA%E4%B8%9B&rft.pages=85-88&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmall.cnki.net%2Fmagazine%2FArticle%2FBFLC201002023.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db1x.sinica.edu.tw/caat/caat_rptcaatc.php?_op=?SUBJECT_ID:300018407">藝術與建築索引典—北周</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2017年11月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup> 於2011 年4 月1 日查閱</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">王勇，《试论北周儒学思想的发展》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《通典 · 卷七》，按大象中，有户三百五十九万，口九百万九千六百四。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="隋朝">隋朝<br />時期</a></b> <br /><small>581年 - <br />619年 -</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E1FFE1"></td> <td bgcolor="#FFFFE1" colspan="5"> <b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD" title="三国">三國時期</a></b><br /><small>184年 - 220年 - 280年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#FFECE1" colspan="3"> <b><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="晋朝">晉朝時期</a></b><br /><small>265年 - 280年 - 420年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#FFE1FF" colspan="8"> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D" title="南北朝">南北朝時期</a></b><br /><small>420年 - 589年</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EEE" colspan="9"></td> <td bgcolor="#E1FFE1" colspan="8"> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D" title="南北朝">南朝時期</a></b><br /><small>420年 - 589年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#EEE" colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E1FFE1" colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B1%89" title="东汉">东汉</a><br /><small>- 220年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#FFFFE1" colspan="3"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E9%AD%8F" title="曹魏">曹魏</a><br /><small>220年 - 265年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#FFECE1" colspan="3"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%99%8B" title="西晋">西晋</a><br /><small>265年 - 316年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#FFECE1"> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%99%8B" title="东晋">东晋</a><br /><small>317年 - 420年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#E1FFE1" colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E5%AE%8B" title="刘宋">宋</a><br /><small>420年 - 479年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#E1FFE1"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%BD%90" title="南齐">齐</a> <br /><small>479年 - 502年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#E1FFE1" colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81_(%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9D)" title="梁 (南朝)">梁</a><br /><small>502年 - 557年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#E1FFE1" colspan="3"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3_(%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9D)" title="陳 (南朝)">陈</a><br /><small>557年 - 589年</small></td> <td colspan="2"> 亡於<br />隋</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td> 繼承<br />東漢</td> <td bgcolor="#E1FFE1" colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%80%E6%B1%89" title="蜀汉">蜀汉</a> <br /><small>221年 - 263年</small></td> <td colspan="2"> 亡於<br />曹魏</td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td> 繼承<br />梁</td> <td bgcolor="#E1FFE1" colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A2%81" title="西梁">西梁</a> <br /><small>555年 - 587年</small></td> <td colspan="3"> 亡於<br />隋</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td colspan="2"> 獨立於<br />曹魏</td> <td bgcolor="#FFFFE1" colspan="3"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E5%90%B3" title="孫吳">孫吳</a> <br /><small>229年 - 280年</small></td> <td> 亡於<br />西晉</td> <td colspan="12"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EEE" colspan="7"> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFE1FF" colspan="3"> <b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%83%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="五胡十六国">十六國時期</a></b><br /><small>304年 - 439年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#FFFFE1" colspan="8"> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D" title="南北朝">北朝時期</a></b> <br /><small>439年 - 581年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#EEE"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="6"></td> <td> 獨立於<br />西晉</td> <td bgcolor="#FFE1FF" colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%83%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="五胡十六国">五胡諸國</a> <br /><small>304年 - 439年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#FFFFE1" colspan="3" rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F" title="北魏">北魏</a><br /><small>386年 - 534年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#FFFFE1"> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%AD%8F" title="东魏">东魏</a> <br /><small>534年 - 550年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#FFFFE1" colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%BD%90" title="北齐">北齐</a><br /><small>550年 - 577年</small></td> <td colspan="3"> 亡於<br />北周</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="9"> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFFE1" colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%AD%8F" title="西魏">西魏</a><br /><small>535年 - 556年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#FFFFE1" colspan="2"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">北周</a><br /><small>557年 - 581年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#FFECE1" colspan="3"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="隋朝">隋</a><br /><small>581年 - </small></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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title="侯景之乱">侯景之乱</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%AF%E6%99%AF%E4%B9%8B%E4%B9%B1" title="侯景之乱">建康城破</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%95%AD%E7%B4%80" title="蕭紀">萧纪称帝</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E9%99%B5%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" title="江陵之戰">江陵之戰與西梁建立</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E9%9C%B8%E5%85%88" title="陈霸先">陈霸先建陈</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%90%B3_(%E5%B7%B4%E9%99%B5%E9%83%A1%E7%8E%8B)" title="王琳 (巴陵郡王)">王琳存梁抗陳</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%96%87%E5%B8%9D" title="陈文帝">天嘉小康</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%9D" title="陈宣帝">陳頊廢帝</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%BB%BA%E5%8C%97%E4%BC%90" title="太建北伐">太建北伐</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%BB%85%E9%99%B3%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" title="隋滅陳之戰">隋滅陳之戰</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">北朝</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9" title="北魏統一北方">北魏統一北方</a> · <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%96%E5%90%B4%E8%B5%B7%E4%BA%8B" title="盖吴起事">盖吴起事</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F%E5%A4%AA%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D%E7%81%AD%E4%BD%9B" title="北魏太武帝灭佛">北魏太武帝灭佛</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%B2%E4%B9%8B%E7%8B%B1" title="国史之狱">国史之狱</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E5%B2%A1%E7%9F%B3%E7%AA%9F" title="雲岡石窟">云冈石窟开凿</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9D%E6%96%87%E5%B8%9D%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="孝文帝改革">孝文帝改革</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%87%E7%94%B0%E5%88%B6" title="均田制">均田制</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E9%95%BF%E5%88%B6" title="三长制">三长制</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E9%97%A8%E7%9F%B3%E7%AA%9F" title="龙门石窟">龙门石窟开凿</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%85%B6%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="法慶事件">法慶事件</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E9%9B%B2" title="宋雲">天竺取经</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E9%99%87%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="关陇起义">关陇起义</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%95%87%E4%B9%8B%E4%B9%B1" title="六镇之乱">六镇之乱</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8C%97%E8%B5%B7%E4%BA%8B" title="河北起事">河北起事</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%BB%8F%E6%B3%A8" title="水经注">水经注</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E9%98%B4%E4%B9%8B%E5%8F%98" title="河阴之变">河阴之变</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E9%99%B5%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" title="韓陵之戰">韓陵之戰</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9D%E6%AD%A6%E8%A5%BF%E8%BF%81" title="孝武西迁">孝武西迁</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="北魏分裂">北魏分裂</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%85%B3%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" class="mw-redirect" title="小关之战">小关之战</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E8%8B%91%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" title="沙苑之戰">沙苑之战</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%A1%A5%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="河桥之战">河桥之战</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%82%99%E5%B1%B1%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0_(543%E5%B9%B4)" title="邙山之戰 (543年)">邙山之戰 (543年)</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E5%A3%81%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0_(546%E5%B9%B4)" title="玉壁之戰 (546年)">玉壁之戰</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9C%E5%85%B5%E5%88%B6" title="府兵制">府兵制改革</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%99%E5%B1%B1%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98_(564%E5%B9%B4)" title="邙山之战 (564年)">邙山之战 </a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D%E7%81%AD%E4%BD%9B" title="北周武帝灭佛">北周武帝灭佛</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8%E6%BB%85%E5%8C%97%E9%BD%8A%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" title="北周滅北齊之戰">北周統一北方</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%B8%BD%E7%AE%A1%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%82" title="三總管之亂">尉遲迥之亂</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%96%87%E5%B8%9D" title="隋文帝">楊堅称帝</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding: 0px;"><div><div style="background-color:#8B2323;font-weight:bold;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="中国历史年表"><span style="color:white">中國歷史事件</span></a></div> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%82%B3%E7%96%91%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:中國傳疑時代歷史事件">傳疑時代</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%8F%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:夏朝歷史事件">夏朝</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:商朝歷史事件">商朝</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%A5%BF%E5%91%A8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:西周歷史事件">西周</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ 東周（<a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:春秋歷史事件">春秋</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:戰國歷史事件">戰國</a>）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A7%A6%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:秦朝歷史事件">秦朝</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%BC%A2%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:漢朝歷史事件">漢朝</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:三國歷史事件">三國</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%99%89%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:晉朝歷史事件">晉朝</a>／<a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%94%E8%83%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:五胡十六國歷史事件">十六國</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <b>南北朝</b> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:隋朝歷史事件">隋朝</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:唐朝歷史事件">唐朝</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8D%81%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:五代十國歷史事件">五代十國</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:宋朝歷史事件">宋朝</a>／<a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%81%BC%E9%87%91%E5%A4%8F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:遼金夏歷史事件">遼金夏</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:元朝歷史事件">元朝</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:明朝歷史事件">明朝</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:清朝歷史事件">清朝</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="中華民國大陸時期">中華民國</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=北周&oldid=82336408">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=北周&oldid=82336408</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:557%E5%B9%B4%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%88%96%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:557年建立的國家或政權（页面不存在）">557年建立的國家或政權</a></li><li><a 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