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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Biotine" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Biotine" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. 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accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Beschrijving_van_de_functie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beschrijving_van_de_functie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Beschrijving van de functie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beschrijving_van_de_functie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voorkomen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voorkomen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Voorkomen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voorkomen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biologische_beschikbaarheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biologische_beschikbaarheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Biologische beschikbaarheid</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biologische_beschikbaarheid-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Biologische beschikbaarheid-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biologische_beschikbaarheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Synthese_in_de_darm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synthese_in_de_darm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Synthese in de darm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synthese_in_de_darm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deficiëntie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deficiëntie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Deficiëntie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deficiëntie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Biotine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 61 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بيوتين – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيوتين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بیوتین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیوتین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Біяцін – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Біяцін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Биотин – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Биотин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Biotin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotina" title="Biotina – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Biotina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Biotin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Biotin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Biotin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Biotin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%93%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0_%DE%84%DE%A97" title="ވިޓަމިން ބީ7 – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ވިޓަމިން ބީ7" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Βιοτίνη – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιοτίνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Biotin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotina" title="Biotina – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biotina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotiin" title="Biotiin – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Biotiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B8_bitamina" title="B8 bitamina – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="B8 bitamina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بیوتین – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیوتین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotiini" title="Biotiini – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Biotiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin – Faeröers" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Biotin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamine_B8" title="Vitamine B8 – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vitamine B8" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitin" title="Bitin – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bitin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamina_B7" title="Vitamina B7 – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vitamina B7" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ביוטין – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביוטין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="बायोटिन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बायोटिन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Biotin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Biotin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6_H" title="Վիտամին H – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիտամին H" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Biotin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotina" title="Biotina – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Biotina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%82%AA%E3%83%81%E3%83%B3" title="ビオチン – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビオチン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Biotin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Биотин – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Биотин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%ED%8B%B4" title="바이오틴 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바이오틴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Биотин – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Биотин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Biotin" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotinas" title="Biotinas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Biotinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biot%C4%ABns" title="Biotīns – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Biotīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Биотин – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Биотин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ബയോട്ടിൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബയോട്ടിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Biotin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotina" title="Biotina – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Biotina" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotyna" title="Biotyna – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biotyna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotina" title="Biotina – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Biotina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin%C4%83" title="Biotină – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biotină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Биотин – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Биотин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_H" title="Vitamin H – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vitamin H" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biot%C3%ADn" title="Biotín – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Biotín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Biotin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Биотин – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Биотин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Biotin" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Biotin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="பயோட்டின் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பயோட்டின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ไบโอติน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไบโอติน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyotin" title="Biyotin – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Biyotin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Біотин – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Біотин" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Biotin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Biotin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamene_B8" title="Vitamene B8 – Waals" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Vitamene B8" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Waals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%B4%A0" title="生物素 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="生物素" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%B4%A0" title="生物素 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="生物素" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%BB%96%E5%91%BDB7" title="維他命B7 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="維他命B7" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q181354#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#DDEEFF; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">(+)-Biotine </th></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#DDEEFF; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3">Structuurformule en molecuulmodel </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Biotin_structure.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Structuurformule van (+)-biotine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Biotin_structure.svg/250px-Biotin_structure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Biotin_structure.svg/375px-Biotin_structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Biotin_structure.svg/500px-Biotin_structure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="670" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Structuurformule" title="Structuurformule">Structuurformule</a> van (+)-biotine</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Biotin-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Molecuulmodel van biotine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Biotin-3D-balls.png/230px-Biotin-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Biotin-3D-balls.png/345px-Biotin-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Biotin-3D-balls.png/460px-Biotin-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1243" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Molecuulmodel" title="Molecuulmodel">Molecuulmodel</a> van biotine</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#DDEEFF; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3">Algemeen </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Molecuulformule" title="Molecuulformule">Molecuulformule</a> </th> <td colspan="2">C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>16</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>S </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Nomenclatuur" title="Nomenclatuur">Andere namen</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vitamine" title="Vitamine">vitamine</a> B7; vitamine B8; vitamine H;<br /> <a href="/wiki/Co-enzym" title="Co-enzym">co-enzym</a> R; bios IIb; bioepiderm; factor S </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Molaire_massa" title="Molaire massa">Molmassa</a> </th> <td colspan="2">244,31064 <a href="/wiki/Gram_(eenheid)" title="Gram (eenheid)">g</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mol_(eenheid)" title="Mol (eenheid)">mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/CAS-nummer" title="CAS-nummer">CAS-nummer</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=58-85-5">58-85-5</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/EG-nummer" title="EG-nummer">EG-nummer</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/information-on-chemicals/cl-inventory-database/-/cl-inventory/search-clinventory-by-other-identifier/200-399-3">200-399-3</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=171548">171548</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181354" class="extiw" title="d:Q181354">Q181354</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#DDEEFF; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Fysische eigenschappen </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Aggregatietoestand" title="Aggregatietoestand">Aggregatietoestand</a> </th> <td colspan="2">vast </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kleur_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kleur (hoofdbetekenis)">Kleur</a> </th> <td colspan="2">kleurloos </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Smeltpunt" title="Smeltpunt">Smeltpunt</a> </th> <td colspan="2">232-233 °C </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Oplosbaarheid" title="Oplosbaarheid">Oplosbaarheid</a> in <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> </th> <td colspan="2">0,2 g/L </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#DDEEFF; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Nutritionele eigenschappen </th></tr> <tr> <th>Type <a href="/wiki/Voedingsstof" title="Voedingsstof">nutriënt</a> </th> <td colspan="2">Wateroplosbaar <a href="/wiki/Vitamine_B" title="Vitamine B">B-vitamine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Essentieel_nutri%C3%ABnt" title="Essentieel nutriënt">Essentieel</a>? </th> <td colspan="2">Ja, aanbevolen dosis 0,03–0,06 mg daags. <br />Wordt geproduceerd door darmbacteriën. </td></tr> <tr> <th>Komt voor in </th> <td colspan="2">Eieren, lever, melk, pinda's </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#DDEEFF; color:inherit;" colspan="3"><small>Tenzij anders vermeld zijn <a href="/wiki/Standaardomstandigheden" title="Standaardomstandigheden">standaardomstandigheden</a> gebruikt (298,15 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin_(eenheid)" title="Kelvin (eenheid)">K</a> of 25 <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">°C</a>, 1 <a href="/wiki/Bar_(druk)" title="Bar (druk)">bar</a>).</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:#DDEEFF; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Scheikunde" title="Portaal:Scheikunde">Scheikunde</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Biotine</b>, ook wel <b>vitamine H</b> genoemd (naar het Duitse "Haar" en "Haut"), is een van de <a href="/wiki/Vitamine_B" title="Vitamine B">B-vitaminen</a> (oude benaming B7 of B8). Het is een <a href="/wiki/Heterocyclische_verbinding" title="Heterocyclische verbinding">heterocyclische verbinding</a> die een belangrijke rol speelt bij diverse <a href="/wiki/Stofwisseling" title="Stofwisseling">stofwisselingsreacties</a>. Het vervult als <a href="/wiki/Co-enzym" title="Co-enzym">co-enzym</a> een essentiële functie bij de metabolisatie van voornamelijk <a href="/wiki/Koolhydraat" class="mw-redirect" title="Koolhydraat">suiker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vet" title="Vet">vet</a> en <a href="/wiki/Aminozuren" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminozuren">aminozuren</a>. De naam biotine is afgeleid van het Griekse woord 'bios', dat 'leven' betekent, en het achtervoegsel '-ine', dat een algemeen gebruikelijk achtervoegsel is in de naamgeving van chemische stoffen. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beschrijving_van_de_functie">Beschrijving van de functie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotine&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Beschrijving van de functie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotine&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Beschrijving van de functie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Biotine speelt bij mensen een belangrijke rol bij de vet-, suiker- en aminozuurstofwisseling en de productie van <a href="/wiki/Vetzuur" title="Vetzuur">vetzuren</a>. Biotine is nodig voor de opname van <a href="/wiki/Vitamine_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitamine C">vitamine C</a> uit de ingewanden. </p><p>Biotine heeft <a href="/wiki/Co-enzym" title="Co-enzym">co-enzym</a>-eigenschappen die het in staat stellen koolhydraten en eiwitten om te zetten in energie en deel te nemen in de productie van <a href="/wiki/Prostaglandinen" title="Prostaglandinen">prostaglandinen</a> uit essentiële vetzuren. </p><p>Biotine is de <a href="/wiki/Co-factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-factor">co-factor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prosthetische_groep" class="mw-redirect" title="Prosthetische groep">prosthetische groep</a>) van de <a href="/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym">enzymen</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carboxylase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carboxylase (de pagina bestaat niet)">carboxylasen</a> (specifieker: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carboxytransferase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carboxytransferase (de pagina bestaat niet)">carboxytransferasen</a>). Biotine is via zijn COOH-groep op een specifiek lysine-residue verbonden van de carboxylase. De werking van dit enzym zorgt ervoor dat in het organisme <a href="/wiki/Koolstofdioxide" title="Koolstofdioxide">koolstofdioxide</a> gefixeerd wordt. </p><p>Andere belangrijke werkingsgebieden van biotine zijn groei en herstelprocessen van de huid, het haar, de nagels, de zenuwen en het beenmerg. Om die reden wordt het vaak ingezet bij haaruitval en haargroeiproblemen. Het wordt soms in shampoos verwerkt, maar het effect daarvan is twijfelachtig, aangezien biotine niet door de huid wordt geabsorbeerd. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorkomen">Voorkomen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotine&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voorkomen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotine&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voorkomen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dieren missen het vermogen om biotine aan te maken. Biotine wordt wel aangemaakt door micro-organismen en planten. Het komt in veel verschillende voedingsmiddelen voor, maar in het algemeen in lage concentraties. Er zijn enkele voedingsmiddelen die veel biotine bevatten, waaronder <a href="/wiki/Koninginnengelei" title="Koninginnengelei">koninginnengelei</a> en <a href="/wiki/Gist" title="Gist">bakkersgist</a>. </p><p>De beste natuurlijke bronnen van biotine in de menselijke voeding zijn orgaanvlees, zoals <a href="/wiki/Lever" title="Lever">lever</a> en <a href="/wiki/Nier_(culinair)" title="Nier (culinair)">nieren</a>, evenals <a href="/wiki/Eierdooier" class="mw-redirect" title="Eierdooier">eierdooier</a> en sommige <a href="/wiki/Groente" title="Groente">groenten</a>. Lever bevat ongeveer 1 mg/kg biotine. <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">Fruit</a>, de meeste groenten en (spier)vlees zijn slechte bronnen en bevatten slechts ongeveer 0,01 mg biotine per kg. </p><p>Voor wat betreft groenten zijn <a href="/wiki/Peulvrucht" class="mw-redirect" title="Peulvrucht">peulvruchten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sojabonen" class="mw-redirect" title="Sojabonen">sojabonen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinda" title="Pinda">pinda</a>'s, <a href="/wiki/Bieten" class="mw-redirect" title="Bieten">bieten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomaten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomaten">tomaten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sla" title="Sla">sla</a> en <a href="/wiki/Wortel_(groente)" title="Wortel (groente)">wortelen</a> goede bronnen, alhoewel de concentraties daar ook relatief laag zijn. Verder nog <a href="/wiki/Haver" title="Haver">haver</a>vlokken en <a href="/wiki/Rijst" title="Rijst">rijst</a>. </p><p>Opgemerkt moet worden dat het biotinegehalte van voeding kan variëren. Het wordt onder meer beïnvloed door factoren als plantensoort, seizoen en raffinage (in geval van granen).<sup id="cite_ref-Combs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Combs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biologische_beschikbaarheid">Biologische beschikbaarheid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotine&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Biologische beschikbaarheid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotine&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Biologische beschikbaarheid"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Biologische_beschikbaarheid" title="Biologische beschikbaarheid">biologische beschikbaarheid</a> van biotine varieert enorm, maar is gemiddeld genomen minder dan 50%. In sommige granen, zoals maïs, is de biologische beschikbaarheid bijna 100%, terwijl deze in andere granen, zoals tarwe, niet meer dan 5% is.<sup id="cite_ref-Combs_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Combs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synthese_in_de_darm">Synthese in de darm</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotine&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Synthese in de darm" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotine&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Synthese in de darm"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Darmbacteriën kunnen biotine samenstellen, maar de synthese van deze vitamine kan worden aangetast door antibiotica en andere medicijnen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deficiëntie"><span id="Defici.C3.ABntie"></span>Deficiëntie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotine&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Deficiëntie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotine&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Deficiëntie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Biotinetekort kan optreden bij het eten van grote hoeveelheden rauw ei, omdat ei-eiwit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avidine (de pagina bestaat niet)">avidine</a> bevat, dat aan biotine bindt en de opname daarvan in de darm blokkeert. Verhitting inactiveert avidine, waardoor bij consumptie van gekookte of gebakken eieren geen gevaar meer bestaat voor biotinedeficiëntie. Biotine bindt aan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avidine (de pagina bestaat niet)">avidine</a> en aanverwante eiwitten (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Streptavidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Streptavidine (de pagina bestaat niet)">streptavidine</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neuravidine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neuravidine (de pagina bestaat niet)">neuravidine</a>), met een affiniteitsconstante K van 10<sup>15</sup> M<sup>−1</sup>. </p><p>Een biotinetekort uit zich in huidverstoringen, haaruitval, zwakke nagels, <a href="/wiki/Bloedarmoede" title="Bloedarmoede">bloedarmoede</a>, depressies, vermoeidheid, <a href="/wiki/Spierpijn" title="Spierpijn">spierpijn</a>, verhoogde <a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">cholesterol</a>, ontsteking van de tong, en tintelingen of gevoelloosheid in armen en benen. </p><p>Er bestaat een erfelijke ziekte, <a href="/wiki/Biotinidasedefici%C3%ABntie" title="Biotinidasedeficiëntie">biotinidasedeficiëntie</a> (BIO), waarbij te weinig biotine wordt aangemaakt.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ook deze erfelijke ziekte wordt opgespoord middels de <a href="/wiki/Hielprik" title="Hielprik">hielprik</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotine&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotine&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De ontdekking van biotine: </p> <ul><li>1898 - Steinitz - vitamine H (van <a href="/wiki/Huid" title="Huid">huid</a>)</li> <li>1901 - Wildiers - bios</li> <li>1931 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Gy%C3%B6rgy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul György (de pagina bestaat niet)">Paul György</a> - vitamine H</li> <li>1936 - <a href="/wiki/Fritz_K%C3%B6gl" title="Fritz Kögl">Fritz Kögl</a> en Benno Tönnis - isolatie van biotine uit 1000 verse <a href="/wiki/Eierdooier_(kip)" title="Eierdooier (kip)">eierdooiers</a></li> <li>1940 - Ontdekking (door György) dat biotine identiek is met vitamine H en co-enzym R</li> <li>1942 - <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vincent du Vigneaud</a> - vaststellen van de chemische structuur</li> <li>1943 - Harris - de eerste chemische synthese van biotine</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotine&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotine&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voedingscentrum.nl/encyclopedie/biotine.aspx">Biotine</a> op voedingscentrum.nl</li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Combs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Combs_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Combs_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span>Combs GF. 1992. Biotin. In The Vitamins: Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health, pp. 329–43. San Diego, CA: Academic</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rivm.nl/Documenten_en_publicaties/Algemeen_Actueel/Brochures/Preventie_Zorg_Ziekte/Hielprik/Informatiebladen_ziektes/Biotinidase_defici_ntie_BIO">Biotinidase deficiëntie (BIO) </a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181029232347/https://www.rivm.nl/Documenten_en_publicaties/Algemeen_Actueel/Brochures/Preventie_Zorg_Ziekte/Hielprik/Informatiebladen_ziektes/Biotinidase_defici_ntie_BIO">Gearchiveerd</a> op 29 oktober 2018.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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/></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nl:Overleg_sjabloon:Navigatie_vitamines" title="Overleg sjabloon"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_vitamines&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Vitamines" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Vitamine" title="Vitamine">Vitamines</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content"> <div style="background:#d0e6f2;"><b>Oplosbaar in vet:</b></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol">Vitamine A</a>:</b></span></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Retinol" title="Retinol">retinol</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tretino%C3%AFne" title="Tretinoïne">retinolzuur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Retinal" title="Retinal">retinal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alfacaroteen" title="Alfacaroteen">alfacaroteen</a> · <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A8tacaroteen" title="Bètacaroteen">bètacaroteen</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Vitamine_D" title="Vitamine D">Vitamine D</a>:</b></span></td><td class="rechts"><b>D2</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ergocalciferol" title="Ergocalciferol">ergocalciferol</a>) · <b>D3</b> (<a href="/wiki/Cholecalciferol" title="Cholecalciferol">cholecalciferol</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Calcidiol" title="Calcidiol">calcidiol</a> · <a href="/wiki/Calcitriol" title="Calcitriol">calcitriol</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Vitamine_E" title="Vitamine E">Vitamine E</a>:</b></span></td><td class="rechts"><i>Tocoferolen:</i> alfa-tocoferol · bèta-tocoferol · gamma-tocoferol · delta-tocoferol <br /> <i>Tocotriënolen:</i> alfa-tocotriënol · bèta-tocotriënol · gamma-tocotriënol · delta-tocotriënol</td></tr><tr><td class="links"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Vitamine_K" title="Vitamine K">Vitamine K</a>:</b></span></td><td class="rechts"><b>K1</b> (<a href="/wiki/Fytomenadion" title="Fytomenadion">fytomenadion</a>) · <b>K2</b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Menachinon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menachinon (de pagina bestaat niet)">menachinon</a>) · <b>K3</b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Farnochinon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farnochinon (de pagina bestaat niet)">farnochinon</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="background:#d0e6f2;"><b>Oplosbaar in water:</b></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67785531"><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Vitamine_B" title="Vitamine B">Vitamine B</a>:</b></span></td><td class="rechts"><b>B1</b> (<a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">thiamine</a>) · <b>B2</b> (<a href="/wiki/Riboflavine" title="Riboflavine">riboflavine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riboflavine-5%27-fosfaat" title="Riboflavine-5'-fosfaat">riboflavine-5'-fosfaat</a>) · <b>B3</b> (<a href="/wiki/Nicotinezuur" title="Nicotinezuur">nicotinezuur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nicotinamide" title="Nicotinamide">nicotinamide</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inositolhexanicotinaat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inositolhexanicotinaat (de pagina bestaat niet)">inositolhexanicotinaat</a>) ·<br /> <b>B5</b> (<a href="/wiki/Pantotheenzuur" title="Pantotheenzuur">pantotheenzuur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Panthenol" title="Panthenol">panthenol</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantethine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantethine (de pagina bestaat niet)">pantethine</a>) · <b><a href="/wiki/Vitamine_B6" title="Vitamine B6">B6</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Pyridoxine" title="Pyridoxine">pyridoxine</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyridoxal-5-fosfaat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyridoxal-5-fosfaat (de pagina bestaat niet)">pyridoxal-5-fosfaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pyridoxamine" title="Pyridoxamine">pyridoxamine</a>) · <br /><b>B8</b> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">biotine</a>) · <b>B11</b> (<a href="/wiki/Foliumzuur" title="Foliumzuur">foliumzuur</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=5-methyltetrahydrofolaat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5-methyltetrahydrofolaat (de pagina bestaat niet)">5-methyltetrahydrofolaat</a>) · <br /><b><a href="/wiki/Cobalamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobalamine">B12</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Cyanocobalamine" title="Cyanocobalamine">cyanocobalamine</a> · <a href="/wiki/Methylcobalamine" title="Methylcobalamine">methylcobalamine</a> · <a href="/wiki/Adenosylcobalamine" title="Adenosylcobalamine">adenosylcobalamine</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hydroxocobalamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroxocobalamine">hydroxocobalamine</a>)</td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Ascorbinezuur" title="Ascorbinezuur">Vitamine C</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Ascorbinezuur" title="Ascorbinezuur">ascorbinezuur</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dehydroascorbinezuur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dehydroascorbinezuur (de pagina bestaat niet)">dehydroascorbinezuur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ascorbylpalmitaat" title="Ascorbylpalmitaat">ascorbylpalmitaat</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biotine&oldid=68415844">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biotine&oldid=68415844</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Vitamine" title="Categorie:Vitamine">Vitamine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Co-enzym" title="Categorie:Co-enzym">Co-enzym</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Bicyclische_verbinding" title="Categorie:Bicyclische verbinding">Bicyclische 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