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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Generators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Generators </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Generators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Generator_installation_progress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Generator_installation_progress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Generator installation progress </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Generator_installation_progress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Output_milestones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Output_milestones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Output milestones </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Output_milestones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Distribution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Environmental impact </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Environmental_impact-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Environmental impact subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Environmental_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Emissions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emissions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Emissions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emissions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erosion_and_sedimentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erosion_and_sedimentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Erosion and sedimentation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erosion_and_sedimentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landslides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landslides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Landslides </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landslides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waste_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waste_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Waste management </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waste_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forest_cover" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forest_cover"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Forest cover </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forest_cover-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wildlife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wildlife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Wildlife </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wildlife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terrestrial_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terrestrial_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Terrestrial impact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terrestrial_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Floods,_agriculture,_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Floods,_agriculture,_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Floods, agriculture, industry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Floods,_agriculture,_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Navigating_the_dam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navigating_the_dam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Navigating the dam </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Navigating_the_dam-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Navigating the dam subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Navigating_the_dam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Locks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Locks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Locks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Locks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ship_lift" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ship_lift"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Ship lift </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ship_lift-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portage_railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portage_railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Portage railways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portage_railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Displacement_of_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Displacement_of_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Displacement of residents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Displacement_of_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Other effects </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_effects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Other effects subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Other_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cultural_and_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_and_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Cultural and history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_and_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 National security </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structural_integrity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structural_integrity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Structural integrity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structural_integrity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upstream_dams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upstream_dams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Upstream dams </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upstream_dams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Three Gorges Dam</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 97 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" > 97 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drieklowedam" title="Drieklowedam – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Drieklowedam" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drei-Schluchten-Talsperre" title="Drei-Schluchten-Talsperre – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Drei-Schluchten-Talsperre" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9" title="سد الممرات الثلاثة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سد الممرات الثلاثة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entibo_d%27as_Tres_Foces" title="Entibo d'as Tres Foces – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Entibo d'as Tres Foces" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banz%C3%A1u_de_les_Tres_Foces" title="Banzáu de les Tres Foces – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Banzáu de les Tres Foces" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9C%C3%A7_d%C9%99r%C9%99_SES" title="Üç dərə SES – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Üç dərə SES" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%A7" title="তিন গিরিসংকটের বাঁধ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তিন গিরিসংকটের বাঁধ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam-kiap_Ch%C3%BAi-p%C3%A0" title="Sam-kiap Chúi-pà – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sam-kiap Chúi-pà" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D0%93%D0%AD%D0%A1-%D1%8B" title="Өс тарлауыҡ ГЭС-ы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Өс тарлауыҡ ГЭС-ы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%AD%D0%A1_%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%86%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="ГЭС Тры цясніны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="ГЭС Тры цясніны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%AD%D0%A1_%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%86%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="ГЭС Тры цясьніны – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="ГЭС Тры цясьніны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AE" title="थ्री गॉर्जिज डैम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="थ्री गॉर्जिज डैम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Три клисури – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Три клисури" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brana_Tri_sutjeske" title="Brana Tri sutjeske – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Brana Tri sutjeske" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stankell_an_Teir_C%27hanienn" title="Stankell an Teir C'hanienn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Stankell an Teir C'hanienn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presa_de_les_Tres_Gorges" title="Presa de les Tres Gorges – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Presa de les Tres Gorges" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Gorges_Dam" title="Three Gorges Dam – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Three Gorges Dam" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%99i_sout%C4%9Bsky_(hr%C3%A1z)" title="Tři soutěsky (hráz) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tři soutěsky (hráz)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argae%27r_Tri_Cheunant" title="Argae'r Tri Cheunant – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Argae'r Tri Cheunant" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Tre_Slugters_D%C3%A6mning" title="De Tre Slugters Dæmning – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="De Tre Slugters Dæmning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drei-Schluchten-Talsperre" title="Drei-Schluchten-Talsperre – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Drei-Schluchten-Talsperre" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolme_Kuristiku_tamm" title="Kolme Kuristiku tamm – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kolme Kuristiku tamm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%A6%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Φράγμα των Τριών Φαραγγιών – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φράγμα των Τριών Φαραγγιών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presa_de_las_Tres_Gargantas" title="Presa de las Tres Gargantas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Presa de las Tres Gargantas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bara%C4%B5o_Tri_Gor%C4%9Doj" title="Baraĵo Tri Gorĝoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Baraĵo Tri Gorĝoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiru_Arroiletako_presa" title="Hiru Arroiletako presa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hiru Arroiletako presa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%87" title="سد سه‌دره – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سد سه‌دره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Gorges_Dam" title="Three Gorges Dam – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Three Gorges Dam" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrage_des_Trois-Gorges" title="Barrage des Trois-Gorges – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Barrage des Trois-Gorges" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damba_na_dTr%C3%AD_Mh%C3%A1m" title="Damba na dTrí Mhám – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Damba na dTrí Mhám" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encoro_das_Tres_Gargantas" title="Encoro das Tres Gargantas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Encoro das Tres Gargantas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%A3%A9" title="三峽大壩 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="三峽大壩" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%BC%EC%83%A4_%EB%8C%90" title="싼샤 댐 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="싼샤 댐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%84_%D5%AF%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%B3_(%D5%A7%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6)" title="Երեք կիրճ (էլեկտրակայան) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երեք կիրճ (էլեկտրակայան)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AE" title="थ्री गॉर्जेस डैम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="थ्री गॉर्जेस डैम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidroelektrana_Tri_klanca" title="Hidroelektrana Tri klanca – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hidroelektrana Tri klanca" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penned_ti_Tallo_a_Baw-ang" title="Penned ti Tallo a Baw-ang – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Penned ti Tallo a Baw-ang" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendungan_Tiga_Ngarai" title="Bendungan Tiga Ngarai – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bendungan Tiga Ngarai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eriggja_glj%C3%BAfra_st%C3%ADflan" title="Þriggja gljúfra stíflan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þriggja gljúfra stíflan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diga_delle_Tre_Gole" title="Diga delle Tre Gole – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Diga delle Tre Gole" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9D" title="סכר שלושת הערוצים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סכר שלושת הערוצים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%94l%C9%A9%C9%A9%C9%A9_F%C9%9B%C9%9B%CA%8B_Naadozo_T%C9%94%CA%8B%CA%8B" title="Pɔlɩɩɩ Fɛɛʋ Naadozo Tɔʋʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pɔlɩɩɩ Fɛɛʋ Naadozo Tɔʋʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სანსია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სანსია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%88_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Үш шатқал бөгеті – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Үш шатқал бөгеті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arge_an_Tri_Hownans" title="Arge an Tri Hownans – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Arge an Tri Hownans" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambo_la_Magenge_Matatu" title="Lambo la Magenge Matatu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lambo la Magenge Matatu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendava_S%C3%AA_Newala" title="Bendava Sê Newala – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bendava Sê Newala" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%B2" title="ເຂື່ອນສາມຜາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຂື່ອນສາມຜາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moles_Trium_Angustiarum" title="Moles Trium Angustiarum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Moles Trium Angustiarum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triju_aizu_aizsprosts" title="Triju aizu aizsprosts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Triju aizu aizsprosts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trij%C5%B3_tarpekli%C5%B3_u%C5%BEtvanka" title="Trijų tarpeklių užtvanka – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Trijų tarpeklių užtvanka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diga_di_Tre_Gole" title="Diga di Tre Gole – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Diga di Tre Gole" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1rom-szurdok-v%C3%ADzer%C5%91m%C5%B1" title="Három-szurdok-vízerőmű – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Három-szurdok-vízerőmű" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="ത്രീ ഗോർജസ് അണക്കെട്ട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ത്രീ ഗോർജസ് അണക്കെട്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="तीन दऱ्यांचे धरण – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तीन दऱ्यांचे धरण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87" title="سد الخوانق التلاته – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سد الخوانق التلاته" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%AF" title="سه دره سد – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سه دره سد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empangan_Tiga_Gaung" title="Empangan Tiga Gaung – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Empangan Tiga Gaung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC" title="မြစ်ကျဉ်းသုံးသွယ် ရေကာတာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မြစ်ကျဉ်းသုံးသွယ် ရေကာတာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drieklovendam" title="Drieklovendam – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Drieklovendam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A7" title="थ्री गर्जेज बाँध – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="थ्री गर्जेज बाँध" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%A1%E3%83%80%E3%83%A0" title="三峡ダム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="三峡ダム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%85%D0%BE_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%BE%D0%B6_(%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8)" title="Кхо чӀож (электростанци) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кхо чӀож (электростанци)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_tre_kl%C3%B8fters_demning" title="De tre kløfters demning – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="De tre kløfters demning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre_kl%C3%B8fter-demninga" title="Tre kløfter-demninga – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tre kløfter-demninga" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restanca_de_las_Tres_G%C3%B2rjas" title="Restanca de las Tres Gòrjas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Restanca de las Tres Gòrjas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AE" title="ਤਿੰਨ ਘਾਟੀ ਡੈਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਿੰਨ ਘਾਟੀ ਡੈਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86_%DA%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%B9%DB%8C_%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%85" title="تن گھاٹی ڈیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تن گھاٹی ڈیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Gorges_Dam" title="Three Gorges Dam – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="Three Gorges Dam" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dree-Sluchten-Damm" title="Dree-Sluchten-Damm – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Dree-Sluchten-Damm" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tama_Trzech_Prze%C5%82om%C3%B3w" title="Tama Trzech Przełomów – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tama Trzech Przełomów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrel%C3%A9trica_das_Tr%C3%AAs_Gargantas" title="Hidrelétrica das Três Gargantas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hidrelétrica das Três Gargantas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9C%C3%A7_dere_benti" title="Üç dere benti – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Üç dere benti" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barajul_celor_Trei_Defileuri" title="Barajul celor Trei Defileuri – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Barajul celor Trei Defileuri" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_(%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Три ущелья (электростанция) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Три ущелья (электростанция)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Gorges_Dam" title="Three Gorges Dam – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Three Gorges Dam" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri_rokliny" title="Tri rokliny – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tri rokliny" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jez_Treh_sotesk" title="Jez Treh sotesk – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jez Treh sotesk" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8E_%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95" title="بەنداوی سێ دەرە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەنداوی سێ دەرە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Брана Три клисуре – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Брана Три клисуре" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brana_Tri_kanjona" title="Brana Tri kanjona – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Brana Tri kanjona" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmen_rotkon_pato" title="Kolmen rotkon pato – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kolmen rotkon pato" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_tre_ravinernas_damm" title="De tre ravinernas damm – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="De tre ravinernas damm" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prinsa_ng_Tatlong_Bangin" title="Prinsa ng Tatlong Bangin – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Prinsa ng Tatlong Bangin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88" title="மூன்று ஆழ்பள்ளத்தாக்கு அணை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மூன்று ஆழ்பள்ளத்தாக்கு அணை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96%C3%A7_tarlaw%C4%B1q_(GES)" title="Öç tarlawıq (GES) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Öç tarlawıq (GES)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D" title="త్రీ గోర్జెస్ డ్యామ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="త్రీ గోర్జెస్ డ్యామ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="เขื่อนซานเสียต้าป้า – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เขื่อนซานเสียต้าป้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9C%C3%A7_Bo%C4%9Faz_Baraj%C4%B1" title="Üç Boğaz Barajı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Üç Boğaz Barajı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Три ущелини – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Три ущелини" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF" title="تین گھاٹی بند – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تین گھاٹی بند" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%ADp_Tam_Hi%E1%BB%87p" title="Đập Tam Hiệp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đập Tam Hiệp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Gorges_Dam" title="Three Gorges Dam – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Three Gorges Dam" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E6%B1%9F%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%A1%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E6%9E%A2%E7%BA%BD%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="长江三峡水利枢纽工程 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="长江三峡水利枢纽工程" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99-%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%98%D7%9F-%D7%93%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A2" title="דריי-שלוכטן-דאמבע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דריי-שלוכטן-דאמבע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color:skyblue;">Three Gorges Dam <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>三峡大坝</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:ThreeGorgesDam-China2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/ThreeGorgesDam-China2009.jpg/260px-ThreeGorgesDam-China2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/ThreeGorgesDam-China2009.jpg/390px-ThreeGorgesDam-China2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/ThreeGorgesDam-China2009.jpg/520px-ThreeGorgesDam-China2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2847" data-file-height="1768" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">The dam in September 2009</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:235px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:235px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:235px"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Hubei_rel_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Three Gorges Dam is located in Hubei"><img alt="Three Gorges Dam is located in Hubei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/China_Hubei_rel_location_map.svg/235px-China_Hubei_rel_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="235" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/China_Hubei_rel_location_map.svg/353px-China_Hubei_rel_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/China_Hubei_rel_location_map.svg/470px-China_Hubei_rel_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1162" data-file-height="773" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:56.956%;left:34.187%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Three Gorges Dam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Hubei Province</div>Show map of Hubei</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:235px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:235px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:235px"><a href="/wiki/File:China_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Three Gorges Dam is located in China"><img alt="Three Gorges Dam is located in China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/China_location_map.svg/235px-China_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="235" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/China_location_map.svg/353px-China_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/China_location_map.svg/470px-China_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="352" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.442%;left:58.576%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Three Gorges Dam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Three Gorges Dam (China)</div>Show map of China</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">China</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sandouping" title="Sandouping">Sandouping</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yiling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiling District">Yiling District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Three_Gorges_Dam&params=30_49_23_N_111_00_12_E_dim:3000_region:CN-42_type:landmark">30°49′23″N 111°00′12″E / 30.82306°N 111.00333°E / 30.82306; 111.00333</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Flood control, power, navigation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Operational</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction began</th><td class="infobox-data">December 14, 1994</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opening date</th><td class="infobox-data">2003<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction cost</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">¥</a>203 billion (US$31.765 billion)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China_Yangtze_Power" title="China Yangtze Power">China Yangtze Power</a> (subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/China_Three_Gorges_Corporation" title="China Three Gorges Corporation">China Three Gorges Corporation</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:skyblue;">Dam and spillways</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dam#Types" title="Dam">Type of dam</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gravity_dam" title="Gravity dam">Gravity dam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Impounds</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze River</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">181 m (594 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">2,335 m (7,661 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width (crest)</th><td class="infobox-data">40 m (131 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width (base)</th><td class="infobox-data">115 m (377 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dam volume</th><td class="infobox-data">27.2 million m3 (35.6 million cu yd)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spillway capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">116,000 m3/s (4,100,000 cu ft/s)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:skyblue;">Reservoir</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Creates</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Three_Gorges_Reservoir_Region" title="Three Gorges Reservoir Region">Three Gorges Reservoir</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">39.3 km3 (31,900,000 <a href="/wiki/Acre-foot" title="Acre-foot">acre⋅ft</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Catchment area</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,000,000 km2 (390,000 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface area</th><td class="infobox-data">1,084 km2 (419 sq mi)<a href="#cite_note-chincold-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum length</th><td class="infobox-data">600 km (370 mi)<a href="#cite_note-resstat-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Normal elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">175 m (574 ft)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:skyblue;">Power Station</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commission date</th><td class="infobox-data">2003–2012</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity#Generating_methods" title="Hydroelectricity">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Conventional</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_head" title="Hydraulic head">Hydraulic head</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Rated: 80.6 m (264 ft) Maximum: 113 m (371 ft)<a href="#cite_note-chincold-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Water_turbine" title="Water turbine">Turbines</a></th><td class="infobox-data">32 × 700 <a href="/wiki/Megawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatt">MW</a> 2 × 50 MW <a href="/wiki/Francis-type" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis-type">Francis-type</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nameplate_capacity" title="Nameplate capacity">Installed capacity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">22,500 MW</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Capacity_factor" title="Capacity factor">Capacity factor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">45%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Net_generation" class="mw-redirect" title="Net generation">Annual generation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">101.6 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt-hour" title="Kilowatt-hour">TWh</a> (366 <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">PJ</a>) (2018)</td></tr></tbody></table> The Three Gorges Dam (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 三峡大坝; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 三峽大壩; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Sānxiá Dàbà) is a <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric">hydroelectric</a> <a href="/wiki/Gravity_dam" title="Gravity dam">gravity dam</a> that spans the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze River">Yangtze River</a> near <a href="/wiki/Sandouping" title="Sandouping">Sandouping</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yiling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiling District">Yiling District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a> province, central China, downstream of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Gorges" title="Three Gorges">Three Gorges</a>. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_power_stations" title="List of largest power stations">world's largest power station</a> in terms of <a href="/wiki/Installed_capacity" class="mw-redirect" title="Installed capacity">installed capacity</a> (22,500 <a href="/wiki/Megawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatt">MW</a>),<a href="#cite_note-ClevelandMorris2013-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ehrlich2013-6">[6]</a> the Three Gorges Dam generates 95±20 <a href="/wiki/TWh" class="mw-redirect" title="TWh">TWh</a> of <a href="/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electricity</a> per year on average, depending on the amount of precipitation in the river basin.<a href="#cite_note-auto-7">[7]</a> After the extensive monsoon rainfalls of 2020, the dam's annual production reached nearly 112 TWh, breaking the previous world record of ~103 TWh set by <a href="/wiki/Itaipu_Dam" title="Itaipu Dam">Itaipu Dam</a> in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-wr20-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The dam's body was completed in 2006; the power plant was completed and fully operational by 2012,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> when the last of the main <a href="/wiki/Water_turbine" title="Water turbine">water turbines</a> in the underground plant began production. Each of the main water turbines has a capacity of 700 MW.<a href="#cite_note-iet2009-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-ctgpc1-13">[13]</a> Combining the capacity of the dam's 32 main turbines with the two smaller generators (50 MW each) that provide power to the plant itself, the total electric generating capacity of the Three Gorges Dam is 22,500 MW.<a href="#cite_note-iet2009-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Xinhua20081007-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-inventspot-15">[15]</a> The last major component of the project, the ship lift, was completed in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-shipcom-16">[16]</a> In addition to generating electricity, the dam was designed to increase the Yangtze River's shipping capacity. By providing flood storage space, the dam reduces the potential for flooding downstream, which historically plagued the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Plain" title="Yangtze Plain">Yangtze Plain</a>. In 1931, <a href="/wiki/1931_China_floods" title="1931 China floods">floods</a> on the river caused the deaths of up to 4 million people. As a result, China regards the project as a monumental social and economical success,<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> with the design of <a href="/wiki/State-of-the-art" class="mw-redirect" title="State-of-the-art">state-of-the-art</a> large turbines<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> and a move toward limiting <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> However, the dam has led to some ecological changes, including an increased risk of landslides,<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> which have made it controversial domestically and abroad.<a href="#cite_note-controversy-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Three Gorges Dam</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">三峡大坝</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:三峽">三峽</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A3%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:大壩">大壩</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">Three Gorges Great Dam</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sānxiá Dàbà</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ㄙㄢㄒㄧㄚˊ ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄚˋ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[sán.ɕjǎ tâ.pâ]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">other Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Dungan_language" title="Dungan language">Dungan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">сань ся да ба</td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wuhan-Flood-Memorial-0220.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Wuhan-Flood-Memorial-0220.jpg/220px-Wuhan-Flood-Memorial-0220.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Wuhan-Flood-Memorial-0220.jpg/330px-Wuhan-Flood-Memorial-0220.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Wuhan-Flood-Memorial-0220.jpg/440px-Wuhan-Flood-Memorial-0220.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>In his poem "Swimming" (1956), engraved on the <a href="/wiki/1954_Yangtze_floods" title="1954 Yangtze floods">1954 Flood</a> Memorial in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, Mao Zedong envisions "A Great Stone Wall, to catch the clouds and rains of Wushan as the fall" as "A Great lake shall rise upon the gorge!".<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Threegorges.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Threegorges.png/220px-Threegorges.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Threegorges.png/330px-Threegorges.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Threegorges.png/440px-Threegorges.png 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>Map of the location of the Three Gorges Dam and the most important cities along the Yangtze River</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a> envisioned a large dam across the Yangtze River in The International Development of China (1919).<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2006-28">[28]</a> He wrote that a dam capable of generating 30 million horsepower (22 GW) was possible downstream of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Gorges" title="Three Gorges">Three Gorges</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2006-28">[28]</a> In 1932, the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Nationalist government</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a>, began preliminary work on plans in the Three Gorges. In 1939, during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>, Japanese military forces occupied <a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a> and surveyed the area. In 1944, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Reclamation" title="United States Bureau of Reclamation">United States Bureau of Reclamation</a>'s head design engineer, <a href="/wiki/John_L._Savage" title="John L. Savage">John L. Savage</a>, surveyed the area and drew up a dam proposal for a "Yangtze River Project".<a href="#cite_note-nasbio-29">[29]</a> Some 54 Chinese engineers went to the US for training. The original plans called for the dam to employ a unique method for moving ships: the ships would enter locks at the dam's lower and upper ends and then cranes would move them from each lock to the next. Groups of craft would be lifted together for efficiency. It is not known whether this solution was considered for its water-saving performance or because the engineers thought the difference in height between the river above and below the dam too great for alternative methods.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> No construction work was performed because of the Nationalists' worsening situation in the Chinese Civil War.<a href="#cite_note-:122-31">[31]</a>: 204  After the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">1949 Communist Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> supported the project, but began the <a href="/wiki/Gezhouba_Dam" title="Gezhouba Dam">Gezhouba Dam</a> project nearby first, and economic problems including the <a href="/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward" title="Great Leap Forward">Great Leap Forward</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> slowed progress. After the <a href="/wiki/1954_Yangtze_River_Floods" class="mw-redirect" title="1954 Yangtze River Floods">1954 Yangtze River Floods</a>, in 1956, Mao wrote "<a href="/wiki/Poetry_of_Mao_Zedong#Swimming_(1956)" title="Poetry of Mao Zedong">Swimming</a>", a poem about his fascination with a dam on the Yangtze River. In 1958, after the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Flowers_Campaign" title="Hundred Flowers Campaign">Hundred Flowers Campaign</a>, some engineers who spoke out against the project were imprisoned.<a href="#cite_note-WPhist-32">[32]</a> During China's emphasis on the <a href="/wiki/Four_Modernizations" title="Four Modernizations">Four Modernizations</a> during its early period of <a href="/wiki/Reform_and_opening_up" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform and opening up">Reform and Opening Up</a>, The Communist Party revived plans for the dam and proposed to start construction in 1986.<a href="#cite_note-:122-31">[31]</a>: 204  It emphasized the need to develop hydroelectric power.<a href="#cite_note-:122-31">[31]</a>: 204  The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference</a> became a center of opposition to the proposed dam.<a href="#cite_note-:122-31">[31]</a>: 204  It convened panels of experts who recommended delaying the project.<a href="#cite_note-:122-31">[31]</a>: 204  The <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> approved the dam in 1992: of 2,633 delegates, 1,767 voted in favour, 177 voted against, 664 abstained, and 25 members did not vote, giving the legislation an unusually low 67.75% approval rate.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Construction started on December 14, 1994.<a href="#cite_note-allin-35">[35]</a> The dam was expected to be fully operational in 2009, but additional projects, such as the underground <a href="/wiki/Power_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Power plant">power plant</a> with six additional generators, delayed full operation until 2012.<a href="#cite_note-inventspot-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-WPhist-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The ship lift was completed in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-shipcom-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-CnHubei20071110-37">[37]</a> The dam raised the water level in the reservoir to 172.5 m (566 ft) above sea level by 2008 and to the designed maximum level of 175 m (574 ft) by 2010.<a href="#cite_note-Xin2010-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition_and_dimensions">Composition and dimensions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Composition and dimensions">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:TGDModelSpillwayView.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/TGDModelSpillwayView.jpg/220px-TGDModelSpillwayView.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/TGDModelSpillwayView.jpg/330px-TGDModelSpillwayView.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/TGDModelSpillwayView.jpg/440px-TGDModelSpillwayView.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="234" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Model of the Three Gorges Dam looking upstream, showing the dam body (middle left), the spillway (middle of the dam body) and the ship lift (to the right).</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:TGDModelShipLocks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/TGDModelShipLocks.jpg/220px-TGDModelShipLocks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/TGDModelShipLocks.jpg/330px-TGDModelShipLocks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/TGDModelShipLocks.jpg/440px-TGDModelShipLocks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="285" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Model of the Three Gorges Dam showing the ship lift and the ship lock. The ship lift is to the right of the dam body with its own designated waterway. The ship locks are to the right (northeast) of the ship lift.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:TGDModelAuxSouthDam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/TGDModelAuxSouthDam.jpg/220px-TGDModelAuxSouthDam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/TGDModelAuxSouthDam.jpg/330px-TGDModelAuxSouthDam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/TGDModelAuxSouthDam.jpg/440px-TGDModelAuxSouthDam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="213" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Earthfill south dam in foreground with view along main dam. The wall beyond is to separate spillway and turbine flows from the lock and ship lift upstream approach channel. A similar separation is used on the downstream side, seen partially in the preceding image.</div></div></div></div></div> Made of concrete and steel, the dam is 2,335 m (2,554 yd; 1.451 mi) long and 185 m (607 ft) above sea level at its top. The project used 27.2 million m3 (35.6 million cu yd) of concrete (mainly for the dam wall), used 463,000 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a> of steel (enough to build 63 <a href="/wiki/Eiffel_Tower" title="Eiffel Tower">Eiffel Towers</a>), and moved about 102.6 million m3 (134.2 million cu yd) of earth.<a href="#cite_note-ibib1-40">[40]</a> The concrete dam wall is 181 m (594 ft) high above the rock basis. When the water level is at its maximum of 175 m (574 ft) above sea level, 110 m (361 ft) higher than the river level downstream, the dam reservoir is on average about 660 km (410 mi) in length and 1.12 km (3,675 ft) in width. It contains 39.3 km3 (31,900,000 <a href="/wiki/Acre-foot" title="Acre-foot">acre⋅ft</a>) of water and has a total surface area of 1,045 km2 (403 sq mi). On completion, the reservoir flooded a total area of 632 km2 (156,000 acres) of land, compared to the 1,350 km2 (330,000 acres) of reservoir created by the <a href="/wiki/Itaipu_Dam" title="Itaipu Dam">Itaipu Dam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Xinhua20031121-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economics">Economics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Economics">edit</a>]</div> The Chinese government estimated that the Three Gorges Dam project would cost 180 billion yuan (US$22.5 billion).<a href="#cite_note-wpm2007-42">[42]</a> By the end of 2008, spending had reached 148.365 billion yuan, of which 64.613 billion yuan was spent on construction, 68.557 billion yuan on relocating affected residents, and 15.195 billion yuan on financing.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> It was estimated in 2009 that the cost of construction would be fully recouped when the dam had generated 1,000 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt-hour" title="Kilowatt-hour">terawatt-hours</a> (3,600 PJ) of electricity, yielding 250 billion yuan; total cost recovery was thus expected to be completed ten years after the dam became fully operational.<a href="#cite_note-wpm2007-42">[42]</a> In fact, the entire cost of the Three Gorges Dam was recovered by December 20, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">third-party source needed</a>] Funding sources include the Three Gorges Dam Construction Fund, profits from the <a href="/wiki/Gezhouba_Dam" title="Gezhouba Dam">Gezhouba Dam</a>, loans from the <a href="/wiki/China_Development_Bank" title="China Development Bank">China Development Bank</a>, loans from domestic and foreign commercial banks, <a href="/wiki/Corporate_bond" title="Corporate bond">corporate bonds</a>, and revenue from both before and after the dam had become fully operational. Additional charges were assessed as follows: every province receiving power from the Three Gorges Dam had to pay an extra ¥7.00 per MWh, and the other provinces had to pay an additional charge of ¥4.00 per MWh. No surcharge was imposed on the <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet Autonomous Region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Power_generation_and_distribution">Power generation and distribution</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Power generation and distribution">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Generating_capacity">Generating capacity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Generating capacity">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Electricity_production_in_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Electricity_production_in_China.svg/290px-Electricity_production_in_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Electricity_production_in_China.svg/435px-Electricity_production_in_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Electricity_production_in_China.svg/580px-Electricity_production_in_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="555" /></a><figcaption>Electricity production in China by source. Compare: The fully completed Three Gorges dam contributes about 100 TWh of generation per year.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:China_hydroelectricity_production.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/China_hydroelectricity_production.svg/290px-China_hydroelectricity_production.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/China_hydroelectricity_production.svg/435px-China_hydroelectricity_production.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/China_hydroelectricity_production.svg/580px-China_hydroelectricity_production.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="579" /></a><figcaption>Three Gorges Dam compared to all other Chinese hydroelectricity production</figcaption></figure> Power generation is managed by <a href="/wiki/China_Yangtze_Power" title="China Yangtze Power">China Yangtze Power</a>, a listed subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/China_Three_Gorges_Corporation" title="China Three Gorges Corporation">China Three Gorges Corporation</a> (CTGC), a <a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">Central Enterprise</a> administered by <a href="/wiki/SASAC" class="mw-redirect" title="SASAC">SASAC</a>. The Three Gorges Dam is the world's largest capacity hydroelectric power station, with 34 generators: 32 main generators, each with a capacity of 700 MW, and two plant power generators, each with capacity of 50 MW, for a total of 22,500 MW.<a href="#cite_note-iet2009-12">[12]</a> Among the 32 main generators, 14 are installed on the dam's north side, 12 on the south side, and the remaining six in the <a href="/wiki/Underground_power_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Underground power plant">underground power plant</a> in the mountain south of the dam. Annual electricity generation in 2018 was 101.6 TWh,<a href="#cite_note-auto-7">[7]</a> which is 20 times more than the <a href="/wiki/Hoover_Dam" title="Hoover Dam">Hoover Dam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Generators">Generators</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Generators">edit</a>]</div> The main generators each weigh approximately 6,000 tonnes and are designed to produce more than 700 MW of power each. The designed <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_head" title="Hydraulic head">hydraulic head</a> of the generators is 80.6 metres (264 ft). The flow rate varies between 600–950 cubic metres per second (21,000–34,000 cu ft/s) depending on the head available; the greater the head, the less water needed to reach full power. Three Gorges uses <a href="/wiki/Francis_turbine" title="Francis turbine">Francis turbines</a> with a diameter of 9.7/10.4 m (VGS design/Alstom's design) and a rotation speed of 75 revolutions per minute. This means that in order to generate power at 50 <a href="/wiki/Hz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hz">Hz</a>, the generator rotors have 80 poles. Rated power is 778 <a href="/wiki/Volt_ampere" class="mw-redirect" title="Volt ampere">MVA</a>, with a maximum of 840 MVA and a <a href="/wiki/Power_factor" title="Power factor">power factor</a> of 0.9. The generator produces electrical power at 20 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">kV</a>. The electricity generated is then stepped up to 500 kV for transmission at 50 Hz. The generator's <a href="/wiki/Stator" title="Stator">stator</a>, the biggest of its kind, is 3.1/3 m in height; the outer diameter of the stator is 21.4/20.9 m, the inner diameter is 18.5/18.8 m, and the bearing load is 5,050/5,500 tonnes. Average efficiency is over 94%, with a maximum efficiency of 96.5% reached.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanxia_Runner04_300.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sanxia_Runner04_300.jpg/240px-Sanxia_Runner04_300.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sanxia_Runner04_300.jpg/360px-Sanxia_Runner04_300.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sanxia_Runner04_300.jpg/480px-Sanxia_Runner04_300.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Francis_turbine" title="Francis turbine">Francis turbine</a> at Three Gorges Dam</figcaption></figure> The generators were manufactured by two joint ventures: <a href="/wiki/Alstom" title="Alstom">Alstom</a>, <a href="/wiki/ABB" title="ABB">ABB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kvaerner" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvaerner">Kvaerner</a>, and the Chinese company Harbin Motor; and <a href="/wiki/Voith" title="Voith">Voith</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> (abbreviated as VGS), and the Chinese company Oriental Motor. The technology transfer agreement was signed together with the contract. Most of the generators are water-cooled. Some of the newer ones are air-cooled, making them simpler in design and easier to manufacture and maintain.<a href="#cite_note-Chinacom20020726-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Generator_installation_progress">Generator installation progress</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Generator installation progress">edit</a>]</div> The first north-side main generator (No. 2) started up on July 10, 2003. The north side became completely operational on September 7, 2005, with the implementation of generator No. 9. Full power (9,800 MW) was eventually achieved on October 18, 2006, after the water level reached 156 meters.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> On the south side, main generator No. 22 started up on June 11, 2007, and No. 15 became operational on October 30, 2008.<a href="#cite_note-ctgpc1-13">[13]</a> The sixth (No. 17) began operation on December 18, 2007, raising capacity to 14.1 GW, exceeding that of Itaipu dam (14.0 GW) to become the world's largest hydro power plant by capacity.<a href="#cite_note-Ctgpc20080505-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> When the last main generator (No. 27) finished its final test on May 23, 2012, the six underground main generators were all operational, raising the capacity to 22.5 GW.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-10">[10]</a> After nine years of construction, installation and testing, the power plant was fully operational by July 2012.<a href="#cite_note-inventspot-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Output_milestones">Output milestones</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Output milestones">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable floatleft" style="text-align:right;"> <caption>Annual production of electricity </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Number of installed units </th> <th>TWh </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>8.607</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>39.155</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>49.090</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>49.250</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>61.600</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>80.812</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>79.470</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>84.370</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>78.290</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>98.100</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-61">[61]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>83.270</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>98.800</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>87.000</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>93.500</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>97.600</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>101.600 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-auto-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>96.880</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>111.800</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-wr20-8">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>103.649</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>78.79</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>80.271</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/w/index.php?title=File:Three_gorges_dam_annual_power_output_SVG.svg&lang=en" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Three_gorges_dam_annual_power_output_SVG.svg/220px-Three_gorges_dam_annual_power_output_SVG.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Three_gorges_dam_annual_power_output_SVG.svg/330px-Three_gorges_dam_annual_power_output_SVG.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Three_gorges_dam_annual_power_output_SVG.svg/440px-Three_gorges_dam_annual_power_output_SVG.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>Three Gorges Dam annual power output</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yangtze_River_flow_rate_at_TGD_site.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Yangtze_River_flow_rate_at_TGD_site.JPG/220px-Yangtze_River_flow_rate_at_TGD_site.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Yangtze_River_flow_rate_at_TGD_site.JPG/330px-Yangtze_River_flow_rate_at_TGD_site.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Yangtze_River_flow_rate_at_TGD_site.JPG/440px-Yangtze_River_flow_rate_at_TGD_site.JPG 2x" data-file-width="699" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption>Yangtze River flow rate comparing to the dam intake capacity</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_Gorges_Dam_Installed_Units_and_TWh_Over_Years.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Three_Gorges_Dam_Installed_Units_and_TWh_Over_Years.png/220px-Three_Gorges_Dam_Installed_Units_and_TWh_Over_Years.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Three_Gorges_Dam_Installed_Units_and_TWh_Over_Years.png/330px-Three_Gorges_Dam_Installed_Units_and_TWh_Over_Years.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Three_Gorges_Dam_Installed_Units_and_TWh_Over_Years.png/440px-Three_Gorges_Dam_Installed_Units_and_TWh_Over_Years.png 2x" data-file-width="1804" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Three Gorges Dam Installed Units and Annual Electricity Production Over Years (2003–2023)</figcaption></figure> By August 16, 2011, the plant had generated 500 TWh of electricity.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> In July 2008 it generated 10.3 TWh of electricity, its first month over 10 TWh.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> On June 30, 2009, after the river flow rate increased to over 24,000 m3/s, all 28 generators were switched on, producing only 16,100 MW because the head available during flood season is insufficient.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> During an August 2009 flood, the plant first reached its maximum output for a short period.<a href="#cite_note-ctgpc2-76">[76]</a> During the November to May dry season, power output is limited by the river's flow rate, as seen in the diagrams on the right. When there is enough flow, power output is limited by plant generating capacity. The maximum power-output curves were calculated based on the average flow rate at the dam site, assuming the water level is 175 m and the plant gross efficiency is 90.15%. The actual power output in 2008 was obtained based on the monthly electricity sent to the grid.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> The Three Gorges Dam reached its design-maximum reservoir water level of 175 m (574 ft) for the first time on October 26, 2010, in which the intended annual power-generation capacity of 84.7 TWh was realized.<a href="#cite_note-Xin2010-38">[38]</a> It has a combined generating capacity of 22.5 gigawatts and a designed annual generation capacity of 88.2 TWh. In 2012, the dam's 32 generating units generated a record 98.1 TWh of electricity, which accounts for 14% of China's total hydro generation.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Between 2012 (first year with all 32 generating units operating) and 2021, the dam generated an average of 97.22 TWh of electricity per year, higher than Itaipu dam's average of 89.22 TWh of electricity per year during the same period. Due to the extensive 2020 monsoon season rainfall, the annual production reached ~112 TWh that year, which broke the previous world record of annual production by Itaipu Dam equal to ~103 TWh.<a href="#cite_note-wr20-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distribution">Distribution</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Distribution">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/State_Grid_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="State Grid Corporation">State Grid Corporation</a> and <a href="/wiki/China_Southern_Power_Grid" title="China Southern Power Grid">China Southern Power Grid</a> paid a flat rate of ¥250 per MWh (US$35.7) until July 2, 2008. Since then, the price has varied by province, from ¥228.7 to ¥401.8 per MWh. Higher-paying customers, such as <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, receive priority.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Nine provinces and two cities consume power from the dam.<a href="#cite_note-chinagate-81">[81]</a> Power distribution and transmission infrastructure cost about 34.387 billion yuan. Construction was completed in December 2007, one year ahead of schedule.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Power is distributed over multiple 500 kV transmission lines. Three <a href="/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current">direct current</a> (DC) lines to the East China Grid carry 7,200 MW: Three Gorges – Shanghai (3,000 MW), <a href="/wiki/HVDC_Three_Gorges_%E2%80%93_Changzhou" title="HVDC Three Gorges – Changzhou">HVDC Three Gorges – Changzhou</a> (3,000 MW), and <a href="/wiki/HVDC_Gezhouba_%E2%80%93_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="HVDC Gezhouba – Shanghai">HVDC Gezhouba – Shanghai</a> (1,200 MW). The <a href="/wiki/Alternating_current" title="Alternating current">alternating current</a> (AC) lines to the Central China Grid have a total capacity of 12,000 MW. The DC transmission line <a href="/wiki/HVDC_Three_Gorges_%E2%80%93_Guangdong" title="HVDC Three Gorges – Guangdong">HVDC Three Gorges – Guangdong</a> to the South China Grid has a capacity of 3,000 MW.<a href="#cite_note-abb-83">[83]</a> The dam was expected to provide 10% of China's power. However, electricity demand has increased more quickly than previously projected. Even fully operational and despite its size, on average, it supported only about 1.7% of electricity demand in China in the year of 2011, when the Chinese electricity demand reached 4,692.8 TWh.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_impact">Environmental impact</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Environmental impact">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ThreeGorgesDam-Landsat7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ThreeGorgesDam-Landsat7.jpg/220px-ThreeGorgesDam-Landsat7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ThreeGorgesDam-Landsat7.jpg/330px-ThreeGorgesDam-Landsat7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ThreeGorgesDam-Landsat7.jpg/440px-ThreeGorgesDam-Landsat7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="705" /></a><figcaption>Satellite map showing areas flooded by the Three Gorges reservoir. Compare November 7, 2006 (above) with April 17, 1987 (below).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_Gorges_Reservoir_flood_mark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Three_Gorges_Reservoir_flood_mark.jpg/220px-Three_Gorges_Reservoir_flood_mark.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Three_Gorges_Reservoir_flood_mark.jpg/330px-Three_Gorges_Reservoir_flood_mark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Three_Gorges_Reservoir_flood_mark.jpg/440px-Three_Gorges_Reservoir_flood_mark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3834" data-file-height="2556" /></a><figcaption>Flood mark on Yangtze river</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emissions">Emissions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Emissions">edit</a>]</div> According to the <a href="/wiki/National_Development_and_Reform_Commission" title="National Development and Reform Commission">National Development and Reform Commission</a>, 366 grams of coal would produce 1 kWh of electricity during 2006.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> From 2003 to 2007, power production equaled that of 84 million tonnes of standard coal.<a href="#cite_note-Xinhuar2007023-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erosion_and_sedimentation">Erosion and sedimentation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Erosion and sedimentation">edit</a>]</div> Two hazards are uniquely identified with the dam:<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> that sedimentation projections are not agreed upon, and that the dam sits on a <a href="/wiki/Seismic_fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Seismic fault">seismic fault</a>. At current levels, 80% of the land in the area is eroding, depositing about 40 million tons of <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediment</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a> annually.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-89">[89]</a> Because the flow is slower above the dam, much of this sediment settles there instead of flowing downstream, and there is less sediment downstream. The absence of <a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silt</a> downstream has three effects: <ul><li>Some hydrologists expect downstream riverbanks to become more vulnerable to flooding.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></li> <li>Shanghai, more than 1,600 km (990 mi) away, rests on a massive sedimentary plain. The "arriving silt – so long as it does arrive – strengthens the bed on which Shanghai is built ... the less the tonnage of arriving sediment the more vulnerable is this biggest of Chinese cities to inundation".<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benthic_zone" title="Benthic zone">Benthic</a> sediment buildup causes biological damage and reduces aquatic <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landslides">Landslides</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Landslides">edit</a>]</div> Erosion in the reservoir, induced by rising water, causes frequent major landslides that have led to noticeable disturbance in the reservoir surface, including two incidents in May 2009 when somewhere between 20,000 and 50,000 cubic metres (26,000 and 65,000 cu yd) of material plunged into the flooded Wuxia Gorge of the <a href="/wiki/Wu_River_(Yangtze_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu River (Yangtze River)">Wu River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In the first four months of 2010, there were 97 significant landslides.<a href="#cite_note-landslides-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waste_management">Waste management</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Waste management">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maoping-Drinking-water-source-protection-area-4937.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Maoping-Drinking-water-source-protection-area-4937.JPG/220px-Maoping-Drinking-water-source-protection-area-4937.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Maoping-Drinking-water-source-protection-area-4937.JPG/330px-Maoping-Drinking-water-source-protection-area-4937.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Maoping-Drinking-water-source-protection-area-4937.JPG/440px-Maoping-Drinking-water-source-protection-area-4937.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zigui_County" title="Zigui County">Zigui County</a> seat <a href="/wiki/Source_water_protection" title="Source water protection">source water protection</a> area in <a href="/wiki/Maoping,_Hubei" title="Maoping, Hubei">Maoping Town</a>, a few kilometres upstream of the dam</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Collecting_Garbage_at_Three_Gorges_Dam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Collecting_Garbage_at_Three_Gorges_Dam.jpg/220px-Collecting_Garbage_at_Three_Gorges_Dam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Collecting_Garbage_at_Three_Gorges_Dam.jpg/330px-Collecting_Garbage_at_Three_Gorges_Dam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Collecting_Garbage_at_Three_Gorges_Dam.jpg/440px-Collecting_Garbage_at_Three_Gorges_Dam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Collecting garbage at the dam's southeast corner</figcaption></figure> The dam catalyzed improved upstream <a href="/wiki/Wastewater" title="Wastewater">wastewater</a> treatment around <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a> and its suburban areas. According to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environmental_Protection_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Environmental Protection (People's Republic of China)">Ministry of Environmental Protection</a>, as of April 2007, more than 50 new plants could treat 1.84 million tonnes per day, 65% of the total need. About 32 landfills were added, which could handle 7,664.5 tonnes of solid waste every day.<a href="#cite_note-Xinhua20080503-95">[95]</a> Over one billion tons of wastewater are released annually into the river,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-89">[89]</a> which was more likely to be swept away before the reservoir was created. This has left the water stagnant, polluted and murky.<a href="#cite_note-landslides-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forest_cover">Forest cover</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Forest cover">edit</a>]</div> In 1997, the Three Gorges area had 10% forestation, down from 20% in the 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-89">[89]</a> Research by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> suggested that the Asia-Pacific region would gain about 6,000 km2 (2,300 sq mi) of forest by 2008. That is a significant change from the 13,000 km2 (5,000 sq mi) net loss of forest each year in the 1990s. This is largely due to <a href="/wiki/Reforestation_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Reforestation in China">China's large reforestation effort</a>. This accelerated after the <a href="/wiki/1998_Yangtze_River_floods" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 Yangtze River floods">1998 Yangtze River floods</a> convinced the government that it should restore tree cover, especially in the Yangtze's basin upstream of the Three Gorges Dam.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wildlife">Wildlife</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Wildlife">edit</a>]</div> Concerns about the dam's impact on wildlife predate the National People's Congress's approval in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-Li-97">[97]</a> This region has long been known for its rich biodiversity. It is home to 6,388 plant species, which belong to 238 families and 1,508 genera. Of these species, 57 are endangered.<a href="#cite_note-Wu_Jianguo-98">[98]</a> These rare species are also used as ingredients in traditional Chinese medicines.<a href="#cite_note-chetham-99">[99]</a> The proportion of forested area in the region surrounding the Three Gorges Dam dropped from 20% in 1950 to less than 10% as of 2002,<a href="#cite_note-chetham-99">[99]</a> adversely affecting all plant species there. The region also provides habitats to hundreds of freshwater and terrestrial animal species.<a href="#cite_note-Wu_Jianguo-98">[98]</a> Freshwater fish are especially affected by dams due to changes in the water temperature and flow regime. Many other fish are injured in the hydroelectric plants' turbine blades. This is particularly detrimental to the region's ecosystem because the Yangtze River basin is home to 361 different fish species and accounts for 27% of China's endangered freshwater fish species.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Other aquatic species have been endangered by the dam, particularly the baiji, or <a href="/wiki/Chinese_river_dolphin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese river dolphin">Chinese river dolphin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-89">[89]</a> now extinct. In fact, Chinese Government scholars even claim that the Three Gorges Dam directly caused the extinction of the baiji.<a href="#cite_note-TheAge_101307-101">[101]</a> Of the 3,000 to 4,000 remaining <a href="/wiki/Critically_endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Critically endangered">critically endangered</a> <a href="/wiki/Siberian_crane" title="Siberian crane">Siberian crane</a>, many spend the winter in wetlands that the Three Gorges Dam will destroy.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Populations of the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze_sturgeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangtze sturgeon">Yangtze sturgeon</a> are guaranteed to be "negatively affected" by the dam.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> In 2022 the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_paddlefish" title="Chinese paddlefish">Chinese paddlefish</a> was declared extinct, with the last confirmed sighting in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terrestrial_impact">Terrestrial impact</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Terrestrial impact">edit</a>]</div> In 2005, NASA scientists calculated that the shift of water mass stored by the dams would increase the total length of the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>'s day by 0.06 <a href="/wiki/Microsecond" title="Microsecond">microseconds</a> and make the Earth slightly more round in the middle and flat on the <a href="/wiki/Geographical_pole" title="Geographical pole">poles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> A study published in 2022 in the journal <a href="/wiki/Open_Geosciences" title="Open Geosciences">Open Geosciences</a> suggests that the change of reservoir water level affects the gravity field in western Sichuan, which in turn affects the seismicity in that area.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:200407-sandouping-sanxiadaba-4.med.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama of the Three Gorges Dam"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/200407-sandouping-sanxiadaba-4.med.jpg/800px-200407-sandouping-sanxiadaba-4.med.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/200407-sandouping-sanxiadaba-4.med.jpg/1200px-200407-sandouping-sanxiadaba-4.med.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/200407-sandouping-sanxiadaba-4.med.jpg/1600px-200407-sandouping-sanxiadaba-4.med.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="1228" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:200407-sandouping-sanxiadaba-4.med.jpg" title="File:200407-sandouping-sanxiadaba-4.med.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama of the Three Gorges Dam</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Floods,_agriculture,_industry">Floods, agriculture, industry</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Floods, agriculture, industry">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2020_Three_Gorges_Dam_water_level.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/2020_Three_Gorges_Dam_water_level.svg/310px-2020_Three_Gorges_Dam_water_level.svg.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/2020_Three_Gorges_Dam_water_level.svg/465px-2020_Three_Gorges_Dam_water_level.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/2020_Three_Gorges_Dam_water_level.svg/620px-2020_Three_Gorges_Dam_water_level.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="659" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Water level and inflow during the <a href="/wiki/2020_China_floods" title="2020 China floods">2020 China floods</a></figcaption></figure> An important function of the dam is to control flooding, which is a major problem for the seasonal river of the Yangtze. Millions of people live downstream of the dam, with many large, important cities like <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> located adjacent to the river. Large areas of farmland and China's most important industrial area are situated beside the river. The reservoir's flood storage capacity is 22 km3 (5.3 <a href="/wiki/Cubic_mile" title="Cubic mile">cu mi</a>; 18 million <a href="/wiki/Acre-foot" title="Acre-foot">acre⋅ft</a>). This capacity will reduce the frequency of major downstream flooding from once every 10 years to once every 100 years. The dam is expected to minimize the effect of even a "super" flood.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> <a href="/wiki/1954_Yangtze_floods" title="1954 Yangtze floods">The river flooded in 1954</a> over an area of 193,000 km2 (74,500 sq mi), killing 33,169 people and forcing almost 18.9 million people to move. The flood waters covered Wuhan, a city of eight million people, for over three months, and the <a href="/wiki/Jingguang_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingguang Railway">Jingguang Railway</a> was out of service for more than 100 days.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> The 1954 flood carried 50 cubic kilometres (12 cu mi) of water. The dam could only divert the water above Chenglingji, leaving 30 to 40 km3 (7.2 to 9.6 cu mi) to be diverted.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> The dam cannot protect against some of the large tributaries downstream, including the <a href="/wiki/Xiang_River" title="Xiang River">Xiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zi_River" title="Zi River">Zishui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_River" title="Yuan River">Yuanshui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lishui_River" title="Lishui River">Lishui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanshui_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanshui River">Hanshui</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gan_River" title="Gan River">Gan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <a href="/wiki/1998_China_floods" title="1998 China floods">In 1998, a flood in the same area</a> caused billions of dollars worth of damage, when 2,039 km2 (787 sq mi) of farmland were flooded. The flood affected more than 2.3 million people, killing 1,526.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> In early August 2009, the largest flood in five years passed through the dam site. During this flood, the dam limited the water flow to less than 40,000 m3/s (1.4 million cu ft/s) per second, raising the upstream water level from 145.13 m (476.1 ft) on August 1, to 152.88 m (501.6 ft) on August 8. A full 4.27 km3 (1.02 cu mi) of flood water was captured and the river flow was cut by as much as 15,000 m3 (530,000 cu ft) per second.<a href="#cite_note-ctgpc2-76">[76]</a> The dam discharges its reservoir during the dry season every year, between December and March.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> This increases the flow rate of the river downstream, providing fresh water for agricultural and industrial usage, and improving shipping conditions. The water level upstream drops from 175 to 145 m (574 to 476 ft),<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> in preparation for the rainy season. The water also powers the <a href="/wiki/Gezhouba_Dam" title="Gezhouba Dam">Gezhouba Dam</a> downstream. Since the filling of the reservoir in 2003, the Three Gorges Dam has supplied an extra 11 km3 (2.6 cu mi) of fresh water to downstream cities and farms over the course of the dry season.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2010_China_floods" title="2010 China floods">South China floods in July 2010</a>, inflows at the Three Gorges Dam reached a peak of 70,000 m3/s (2.5 million cu ft/s), exceeding the peak inflow during the <a href="/wiki/1998_Yangtze_River_floods" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 Yangtze River floods">1998 Yangtze River floods</a>. The dam's reservoir rose nearly 3 m (9.8 ft) in 24 hours and reduced the outflow to 40,000 m3/s (1.4 million cu ft/s) in discharges downstream, preventing any significant impact on the middle and lower river.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Navigating_the_dam">Navigating the dam</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Navigating the dam">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Locks">Locks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Locks">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_gorges_dam_locks_view_from_vantage_point.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Three_gorges_dam_locks_view_from_vantage_point.jpg/220px-Three_gorges_dam_locks_view_from_vantage_point.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Three_gorges_dam_locks_view_from_vantage_point.jpg/330px-Three_gorges_dam_locks_view_from_vantage_point.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Three_gorges_dam_locks_view_from_vantage_point.jpg/440px-Three_gorges_dam_locks_view_from_vantage_point.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Ship locks for river traffic to bypass the Three Gorges Dam, May 2004</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TGP_ship_locksat_Yangtse_River.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/TGP_ship_locksat_Yangtse_River.jpg/220px-TGP_ship_locksat_Yangtse_River.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/TGP_ship_locksat_Yangtse_River.jpg/330px-TGP_ship_locksat_Yangtse_River.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/TGP_ship_locksat_Yangtse_River.jpg/440px-TGP_ship_locksat_Yangtse_River.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1564" /></a><figcaption>Construction of TGP ship locks at Yangtze River, September 1996</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_Gorges_dam_locks_and_bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Three_Gorges_dam_locks_and_bridge.jpg/220px-Three_Gorges_dam_locks_and_bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Three_Gorges_dam_locks_and_bridge.jpg/330px-Three_Gorges_dam_locks_and_bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Three_Gorges_dam_locks_and_bridge.jpg/440px-Three_Gorges_dam_locks_and_bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The other end of Three Gorges Dam lock; note the bridge in the background</figcaption></figure> The installation of <a href="/wiki/Lock_(water_transport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lock (water transport)">ship locks</a> is intended to increase river shipping from ten million to 100 million tonnes annually; as a result transportation costs will be cut between 30 and 37%. Shipping will become safer, since the gorges are notoriously dangerous to navigate.<a href="#cite_note-Xinhuar2007023-87">[87]</a> There are two series of ship locks installed near the dam (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Three_Gorges_Dam&params=30_50_12_N_111_1_10_E_region:CN-62_type:landmark">30°50′12″N 111°1′10″E / 30.83667°N 111.01944°E / 30.83667; 111.01944</a>). Each of them is made up of five stages, with transit time at around four hours. Maximum vessel size is 10,000 tons.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> The locks are 280 m long, 35 m wide, and 5 m deep (918 × 114 × 16.4 ft).<a href="#cite_note-Moafs20020420-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> That is 30 m (98 ft) longer than those on the <a href="/wiki/St_Lawrence_Seaway" class="mw-redirect" title="St Lawrence Seaway">St Lawrence Seaway</a>, but half as deep. Before the dam was constructed, the maximum freight capacity at the Three Gorges site was 18.0 million tonnes per year. From 2004 to 2007, a total of 198 million tonnes of freight passed through the locks. The freight capacity of the river increased six times and the cost of shipping was reduced by 25%. Originally, the total capacity of the ship locks was expected to reach 100 million tonnes per year.<a href="#cite_note-Xinhuar2007023-87">[87]</a> In 2022, their cargo turnover reached 159.65 million tons, with an annual increase of 6% over the past few years.<a href="#cite_note-Xinhuar20230222-121">[121]</a> These locks are <a href="/wiki/Lock_gates#Special_cases" class="mw-redirect" title="Lock gates">staircase locks</a>, whereby inner lock gate pairs serve as both the upper gate of the chamber below and the lower gate of the chamber above. The <a href="/wiki/Lock_gates#Variations" class="mw-redirect" title="Lock gates">gates</a> are the vulnerable hinged type, which, if damaged, could temporarily render the entire flight unusable. As there are separate sets of locks for upstream and downstream traffic, this system is more water efficient than bi-directional staircase locks. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ship_lift">Ship lift</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ship lift">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_Gorges_Dam_(12280456164).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Three_Gorges_Dam_%2812280456164%29.jpg/220px-Three_Gorges_Dam_%2812280456164%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Three_Gorges_Dam_%2812280456164%29.jpg/330px-Three_Gorges_Dam_%2812280456164%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Three_Gorges_Dam_%2812280456164%29.jpg/440px-Three_Gorges_Dam_%2812280456164%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The shiplift, a kind of elevator, can lift vessels of up to 3,000 tonnes, at a fraction of the time to transit the staircase locks.</figcaption></figure> In addition to the canal locks, there is a <a href="/wiki/Boat_lift" title="Boat lift">ship lift</a>, a kind of elevator for vessels. The ship lift can lift ships of up to 3,000 tons.<a href="#cite_note-shipcom-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bbc2005050-122">[122]</a> The vertical distance traveled is 113 m (371 ft),<a href="#cite_note-ChinaThreeGorgesProject-123">[123]</a> and the size of the ship lift's basin is 120 m × 18 m × 3.5 m (394 ft × 59 ft × 11 ft). The ship lift takes 30 to 40 minutes to transit, as opposed to the three to four hours for stepping through the locks.<a href="#cite_note-Bbc050504-124">[124]</a> One complicating factor is that the water level can vary dramatically. The ship lift must work even if water levels vary by 12 m (39 ft) on the lower side, and 30 m (98 ft) on the upper side. The ship lift's design uses a helical gear system, to climb or descend a toothed rack.<a href="#cite_note-Lahmeyer2013-125">[125]</a> The ship lift was not yet complete when the rest of the project was officially opened on May 20, 2006.<a href="#cite_note-TaipeiTimes20080521-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-CbsNews20060520-127">[127]</a> In November 2007, it was reported in the local media that construction of the ship lift started in October 2007.<a href="#cite_note-CnHubei20071110-37">[37]</a> In February 2012, <a href="/wiki/Xinhua" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhua">Xinhua</a> reported that the four towers that are to support the ship lift had almost been completed.<a href="#cite_note-Xinhua2012-02-27-128">[128]</a> The report said the towers had reached 189 m (620 ft) of the anticipated 195 m (640 ft), the towers would be completed by June 2012 and the entire shiplift in 2015. As of May 2014, the ship lift was expected to be completed by July 2015.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> It was tested in December 2015 and announced complete in January 2016.<a href="#cite_note-shipcom-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-ChinaEconomicNet2016-02-17-130">[130]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahmeyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lahmeyer (page does not exist)">Lahmeyer</a>, the German firm that designed the ship lift, said it will take a vessel less than an hour to transit the lift.<a href="#cite_note-Lahmeyer2013-125">[125]</a> An article in Steel Construction says the actual time of the lift will be 21 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-SteelConstruction2009-131">[131]</a> It says that the expected dimensions of the 3,000 t (3 million kg) passenger vessels the ship lift's basin was designed to carry will be 84.5 by 17.2 by 2.65 metres (277.2 ft × 56.4 ft × 8.7 ft). The moving mass (including counterweights) is 34,000 tonnes. The trials of elevator finished in July 2016, the first cargo ship was lifted on July 15; the lift time comprised 8 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-slt1-132">[132]</a> <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Daily" title="Shanghai Daily">Shanghai Daily</a> reported that the first operational use of the lift was on September 18, 2016, when limited "operational testing" of the lift began.<a href="#cite_note-ShanghaiDaily2016-09-18-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portage_railways">Portage railways</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Portage railways">edit</a>]</div> Plans also exist for the construction of short <a href="/wiki/Portage_railway" title="Portage railway">portage railways</a> bypassing the dam area altogether. Two short rail lines, one on each side of the river, are to be constructed. The 88-kilometre-long (55 mi) northern portage railway (北岸翻坝铁路) will run from the <a href="/wiki/Taipingxi" title="Taipingxi">Taipingxi</a> port facility (太平溪港) on the northern side of the Yangtze, just upstream from the dam, via <a href="/wiki/Yichang_East_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Yichang East Railway Station">Yichang East Railway Station</a> to the Baiyang Tianjiahe port facility in Baiyang Town (<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%B4%8B%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="zh:白洋镇">白洋镇</a>), below Yichang.<a href="#cite_note-mayor-134">[134]</a> The 95-kilometre-long (59 mi) southern portage railway (南岸翻坝铁路) will run from <a href="/wiki/Maoping,_Hubei" title="Maoping, Hubei">Maoping</a> (upstream of the dam) via <a href="/wiki/Yichang_South_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Yichang South Railway Station">Yichang South Railway Station</a> to <a href="/wiki/Zhicheng" title="Zhicheng">Zhicheng</a> (on the <a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo%E2%80%93Liuzhou_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiaozuo–Liuzhou Railway">Jiaozuo–Liuzhou Railway</a>).<a href="#cite_note-mayor-134">[134]</a> In late 2012, preliminary work started along both future railway routes.<a href="#cite_note-Qq2012-10-12-135">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Displacement_of_residents">Displacement of residents</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Displacement of residents">edit</a>]</div> During planning, it was estimated that 13 cities, 140 towns and 1,350 villages would be partially or completely flooded by the reservoir,<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> amounting to roughly 1.5% of Hubei's 60.3 million people and <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a> Municipality's 31.44 million people.<a href="#cite_note-MWC_News_101307-139">[139]</a> These people were moved to new homes by the Chinese government, which considered the displacement justified by the flood protection provided for the communities downstream of the dam.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Between 2002 and 2005, Canadian photographer Edward Burtynsky documented the impact of the project on the surrounding areas, including the town of <a href="/wiki/Wanzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanzhou">Wanzhou</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Other photographers who recorded the change include Chengdu-based Muge,<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Paris-based Zeng Nian (originally from Jiangsu),<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> and Israeli <a href="/wiki/Nadav_Kander" title="Nadav Kander">Nadav Kander</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> Living conditions deteriorated for many, and hundreds of thousands of people could not find work. The older generation was particularly affected, but younger generations benefited from the educational and career opportunities afforded by moving to large cities with new, modern companies and schools.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Some 2007 reports claimed that Chongqing Municipality would encourage four million more people to move away from the dam to Chongqing's main urban area by 2020.<a href="#cite_note-bbc12102007-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-xinhua11102007-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-xinhua26092007-149">[149]</a> The municipal government asserted that the relocation was driven by urbanization, rather than a direct result of the dam project, and that the people involved included other areas of the municipality.<a href="#cite_note-ccdv20071116-150">[150]</a> By June 2008, China had moved 1.24 million residents as far as <a href="/wiki/Gaoyang,_Hebei" title="Gaoyang, Hebei">Gaoyang</a> in Hebei Province,<a href="#cite_note-chinadaily2-151">[151]</a> and the moves concluded the following month.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-137">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_effects">Other effects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Other effects">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_and_history">Cultural and history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Cultural and history">edit</a>]</div> The area which would fill with water behind the dam included locations with significant cultural history.<a href="#cite_note-:122-31">[31]</a>: 206  The State Council authorized a ¥505 million archaeology salvage effort.<a href="#cite_note-:122-31">[31]</a>: 206  Over the course of several years, archaeologists excavated 723 sites and conducted surface archaeology recovery missions at an additional 346 sites.<a href="#cite_note-:122-31">[31]</a>: 206  Archaeologists recovered 200,000 artifacts of which 13,000 were considered as particularly historically or culturally notable.<a href="#cite_note-:122-31">[31]</a>: 206  As part of this effort, the old Chongqing City Museum was replaced by the Chongqing China Sanxia Museum to house many of the recovered artifacts.<a href="#cite_note-:122-31">[31]</a>: 206  Recovered structures that were too large for museums were moved upland to reconstruction districts (fu jian qu), which are outdoor museum parks. Recovered structures placed in such parks include temples, pavilions, houses, and bridges, among others.<a href="#cite_note-:122-31">[31]</a>: 206  Some sites could not be moved because of their location, size, or design, such as the <a href="/wiki/Hanging_coffins" title="Hanging coffins">hanging coffins</a> site high in the <a href="/wiki/Shen_Nong_Stream" class="mw-redirect" title="Shen Nong Stream">Shen Nong Gorge</a>, part of the cliffs.<a href="#cite_note-Hogan-152">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_security">National security</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: National security">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a> reported that in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, "proponents of strikes against the mainland apparently hope that merely presenting credible threats to China's urban population or high-value targets, such as the Three Gorges Dam, will deter Chinese military coercion".<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> Destroying the Three Gorges Dam has been a tactic discussed and debated in Taiwan since the early 1990s, when the dam was still in the planning phase.<a href="#cite_note-in_blow-154">[154]</a> The notion that the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the Republic of China">military in Taiwan</a> would seek to destroy the dam provoked an angry response from the mainland Chinese media. <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> General <a href="/wiki/Liu_Yuan_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Yuan (politician)">Liu Yuan</a> was quoted in the <a href="/wiki/China_Youth_Daily" title="China Youth Daily">China Youth Daily</a> saying that the People's Republic of China would be "seriously on guard against threats from <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan independence">Taiwan independence</a> terrorists".<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> Former Taiwanese <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Republic_of_China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (Republic of China)">Ministry of Defense</a> advisor Sung Chao-wen, called the notion of using <a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile" title="Cruise missile">cruise missiles</a> to destroy the Three Gorges Dam "ridiculous", saying missiles would deliver minimal damage to the reinforced concrete, and any attack attempts would have to go through multiple layers of ground and air defenses.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> The Three Gorges Dam is a steel-concrete <a href="/wiki/Gravity_dam" title="Gravity dam">gravity dam</a>. The water is held back by the innate mass of the individual dam sections. As a result, damage to an individual section should not affect other parts of the dam.<a href="#cite_note-in_blow-154">[154]</a> Zhang Boting, deputy secretary-general of China Society for Hydropower Engineering, suggested that concrete gravity dams such as the Three Gorges Dam are resistant to <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">nuclear strikes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> Debate among Chinese scholars and analysts about the basic principles of China's <a href="/wiki/No_first_use" title="No first use">no first use</a> of nuclear weapons policy includes whether to include narrow exceptions, such as acts that produce catastrophic consequences equivalent to that of a nuclear attack, including attacks intended to destroy the Three Gorges Dam.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structural_integrity">Structural integrity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Structural integrity">edit</a>]</div> Immediately after the reservoir was first filled, around 80 hairline cracks were observed in the dam's structure.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Still, an experts group gave the project overall a good-quality rating.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> The 163,000 concrete units all passed quality testing, with normal <a href="/wiki/Deformation_(engineering)" title="Deformation (engineering)">deformation</a> within design limits. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Upstream_dams">Upstream dams</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Upstream dams">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yangtze_longitudinal_profile_upstream.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Yangtze_longitudinal_profile_upstream.JPG/220px-Yangtze_longitudinal_profile_upstream.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Yangtze_longitudinal_profile_upstream.JPG/330px-Yangtze_longitudinal_profile_upstream.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Yangtze_longitudinal_profile_upstream.JPG/440px-Yangtze_longitudinal_profile_upstream.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption>Longitudinal profile of upstream Yangtze River</figcaption></figure> In order to maximize the utility of the Three Gorges Dam and cut down on sedimentation from the <a href="/wiki/Jinsha_River" title="Jinsha River">Jinsha River</a>, the upper course of the Yangtze River, authorities are building a series of dams on the Jinsha, including the now completed <a href="/wiki/Wudongde_Dam" title="Wudongde Dam">Wudongde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baihetan_Dam" title="Baihetan Dam">Baihetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xiluodu_Dam" title="Xiluodu Dam">Xiluodu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Xiangjiaba_Dam" title="Xiangjiaba Dam">Xiangjiaba</a> dams. The total capacity of those four dams is 38,500 MW,<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> almost double the capacity of the Three Gorges.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> Baihetan became fully operational in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> Wudongde was opened in June 2021. Another eight dams are in the midstream of the Jinsha and eight more upstream of it.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Gorges_Dam&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMa,_Yue2010" class="citation web cs1">Ma, Yue (November 26, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2010/ph240/ma2/">"Three Gorges Dam"</a>. large.stanford.edu. Stanford University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160411083631/http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2010/ph240/ma2/">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=large.stanford.edu&rft.atitle=Three+Gorges+Dam&rft.date=2010-11-26&rft.au=Ma%2C+Yue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flarge.stanford.edu%2Fcourses%2F2010%2Fph240%2Fma2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.power-technology.com/projects/gorges/">"Three Gorges Dam Hydro Electric Power Plant, China"</a>. Power Technology. February 21, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180528052556/https://www.power-technology.com/projects/gorges/">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2018. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chincold.org.cn/dams/rootfiles/2010/07/20/1279253974143251-1279253974145520.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 5, 2014. Retrieved January 1, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chincold.org.cn&rft.atitle=Three+Gorges+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chincold.org.cn%2Fdams%2Frootfiles%2F2010%2F07%2F20%2F1279253974143251-1279253974145520.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-resstat-4"><a href="#cite_ref-resstat_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Engineering Geology for Society and Territory – Volume 2: Landslide Processes. 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China Three Gorges Corporation. March 10, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctgpc.com.cn/sx/news.php?mNewsId=32325">the original</a> on October 2, 2011. 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Xinhua News Agency. February 3, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hb.xinhuanet.com/zhibo/2009-02/03/content_15593414.htm">the original</a> on February 28, 2009. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1671000,00.html">the original</a> on March 31, 2009. Retrieved March 28, 2009. <q>The giant Three Gorges Dam across China's Yangtze River has been mired in controversy ever since it was first proposed</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=China%27s+Three+Gorges+Dam+Under+Fire&rft.date=2007-10-12&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Lin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C1671000%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaris1998" class="citation news cs1">Laris, Michael (August 17, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/china/stories/death081798.htm">"Untamed Waterways Kill Thousands Yearly"</a>. 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Retrieved March 28, 2009. <q>Officials now use the deadly history of the Yangtze, China's longest river, to justify the country's riskiest and most controversial infrastructure project – the enormous Three Gorges Dam.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Untamed+Waterways+Kill+Thousands+Yearly&rft.date=1998-08-17&rft.aulast=Laris&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Finatl%2Flongterm%2Fchina%2Fstories%2Fdeath081798.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2005" class="citation news cs1">Grant, Stan (June 18, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0506/18/gc.01.html">"Global Challenges: Ecological and Technological Advances Around the World"</a>. 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Retrieved March 28, 2009. <q>...the 180-billion yuan ($26.3 billion) Three Gorges Dam project has been highly contentious.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Beijing+Review&rft.atitle=Rolling+on+A+River&rft.date=2008-12-11&rft.aulast=Gerin&rft.aufirst=Roseanne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bjreview.com.cn%2Feye%2Ftxt%2F2008-12%2F06%2Fcontent_168792.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/poems/poems23.htm">""Swimming" by Mao Zedong"</a>. 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News.sohu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611141344/http://news.sohu.com/20081106/n260480174.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on June 11, 2011. 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December 20, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160816174159/http://xw.qq.com/news/20131220014534/NEW2013122001453402">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2016. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctgpc.com.cn/sx/sxgczds.php?mClassId=015004">the original</a> on April 7, 2007. Retrieved April 29, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%A1%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%91%E9%92%B1&rft.date=2003-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctgpc.com.cn%2Fsx%2Fsxgczds.php%3FmClassId%3D015004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190114115058/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2006/06/china-three-gorges-dam-how-big/">"China's Three Gorges Dam, by the Numbers"</a>. Science. June 9, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2006/06/china-three-gorges-dam-how-big/">the original</a> on January 14, 2019. Retrieved October 8, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=China%27s+Three+Gorges+Dam%2C+by+the+Numbers&rft.date=2006-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fscience%2F2006%2F06%2Fchina-three-gorges-dam-how-big%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081207040501/http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2008-08/28/content_9723523_2.htm"><bdi lang="zh">李永安:我水轮发电机组已具完全自主设计制造能力_财经频道_新华网</bdi></a> [Li Yongan: Our hydroelectric generator set has completely independent design and manufacture capabilities] (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. August 28, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2008-08/28/content_9723523_2.htm">the original</a> on December 7, 2008. Retrieved December 6, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B0%B8%E5%AE%89%3A%E6%88%91%E6%B0%B4%E8%BD%AE%E5%8F%91%E7%94%B5%E6%9C%BA%E7%BB%84%E5%B7%B2%E5%85%B7%E5%AE%8C%E5%85%A8%E8%87%AA%E4%B8%BB%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B_%E8%B4%A2%E7%BB%8F%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93_%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%8E%E7%BD%91&rft.date=2008-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Ffortune%2F2008-08%2F28%2Fcontent_9723523_2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoriokaAbrishamkarKay" class="citation web cs1">Morioka, Matthew; Abrishamkar, Alireza; Kay, Yve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eng.hawaii.edu/~panos/444_09_4_9.pdf">"Three Gorges Dam"</a> (PDF). eng.hawaii.edu. 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Retrieved February 2, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eng.hawaii.edu&rft.atitle=Three+Gorges+Dam&rft.aulast=Morioka&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Abrishamkar%2C+Alireza&rft.au=Kay%2C+Yve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eng.hawaii.edu%2F~panos%2F444_09_4_9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chinacom20020726-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Chinacom20020726_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081207034132/http://www.chinaccm.com/23/2307/230701/news/20020726/105549.asp">"三峡工程及其水电机组概况"</a> [Three Gorges Project and water and electricity unit survey] (in Chinese). 中华商务网讯. July 26, 2002. 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October 18, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070531164747/http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2006-10/18/content_416256.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2007. 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May 5, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctgpc.com.cn/sx/news.php?mNewsId=28253">the original</a> on December 7, 2008. 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June 20, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctgpc.com.cn/sx/news.php?mNewsId=28982">the original</a> on December 7, 2008. 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China Three Gorges Corporation. July 4, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctgpc.com.cn/sx/news.php?mNewsId=29089">the original</a> on February 10, 2009. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctgpc.com.cn/sx/news.php?mNewsId=29622">the original</a> on January 20, 2012. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctgpc.com.cn/xwzx/news.php?mnewsid=48315">the original</a> on July 14, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%A1%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E7%94%B5%E7%AB%9930%E5%8F%B7%E6%9C%BA%E7%BB%84%E5%85%85%E6%B0%B4%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8&rft.pub=Three+Gorges+Corporation&rft.date=2011-07-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctgpc.com.cn%2Fxwzx%2Fnews.php%3Fmnewsid%3D48315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111004153446/http://finance.ifeng.com/stock/roll/20110704/4224188.shtml">"Three Gorges underground power station water-filled start the third unit successfully put into operation in July plans"</a> (in Chinese). Fenghuang Wang. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://finance.ifeng.com/stock/roll/20110704/4224188.shtml">the original</a> on October 4, 2011. Retrieved July 10, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Three+Gorges+underground+power+station+water-filled+start+the+third+unit+successfully+put+into+operation+in+July+plans&rft.pub=Fenghuang+Wang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffinance.ifeng.com%2Fstock%2Froll%2F20110704%2F4224188.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cepn.sp.com.cn/bwtj/200901/t20090109_268374.htm"><bdi lang="zh">中国电力新闻网 – 电力行业的门户网站</bdi></a> (in Chinese). Cepn.sp.com.cn. Retrieved August 1, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%9B%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E7%BD%91+%E2%80%93+%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%9B%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%9A%E7%9A%84%E9%97%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99&rft.pub=Cepn.sp.com.cn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cepn.sp.com.cn%2Fbwtj%2F200901%2Ft20090109_268374.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100429081818/http://www.chinaequip.gov.cn/2010-01/08/c_13130850.htm"><bdi lang="zh">国家重大技术装备</bdi></a> (in Chinese). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctgpc.com.cn/xwzx/news.php?mnewsid=45908">the original</a> on September 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B3%A1+%E2%80%93+%E8%91%9B%E6%B4%B2%E5%9D%9D%E6%A2%AF%E7%BA%A7%E7%94%B5%E7%AB%99%E5%85%A8%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%91%E7%94%B51006.1%E4%BA%BF%E5%8D%83%E7%93%A6%E6%97%B6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctgpc.com.cn%2Fxwzx%2Fnews.php%3Fmnewsid%3D45908&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131023061713/http://english.cri.cn/6909/2012/01/07/1461s675113.htm">"Three Gorges Project Generates 78.29 Bln Kwh of Electricity in 2011"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.cri.cn/6909/2012/01/07/1461s675113.htm">the original</a> on October 23, 2013. 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Retrieved January 19, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2012%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%A1%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E4%B8%8E%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E6%88%90%E6%95%88%E5%8D%81%E5%88%86%E6%98%BE%E8%91%97&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.cn%2Fgzdt%2F2013-01%2F14%2Fcontent_2311905.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2014/01-08/5713938.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">三峡工程2013年建设运行情况良好发挥综合效益</bdi></a> (in Chinese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140113154112/http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2014/01-08/5713938.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2014. Retrieved January 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%A1%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B2013%E5%B9%B4%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E6%83%85%E5%86%B5%E8%89%AF%E5%A5%BD+%E5%8F%91%E6%8C%A5%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E6%95%88%E7%9B%8A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinanews.com%2Fgn%2F2014%2F01-08%2F5713938.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/chinas-three-gorges-dam-breaks-world-hydropower-record-004111862.html">"China's Three Gorges dam 'breaks world hydropower record'"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180056/http://news.yahoo.com/chinas-three-gorges-dam-breaks-world-hydropower-record-004111862.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2016. 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Retrieved January 7, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=itaipu.gov.br&rft.atitle=Itaipu+bate+Tr%C3%AAs+Gargantas+e+reassume+lideran%C3%A7a+em+produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itaipu.gov.br%2Fsala-de-imprensa%2Fnoticia%2Fitaipu-bate-tres-gargantas-e-reassume-lideranca-em-producao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2017-03/01/content_28396395.htm">"Three Gorges Project reaches 1 trillion kWh milestone"</a>. <a href="/wiki/China_Daily" title="China Daily">China Daily</a>. March 1, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301115027/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2017-03/01/content_28396395.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 1, 2017. Retrieved May 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+Daily&rft.atitle=Three+Gorges+Project+reaches+1+trillion+kWh+milestone&rft.date=2017-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fbusiness%2F2017-03%2F01%2Fcontent_28396395.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gbtimes.com/chinas-three-gorges-project-increases-power-output-in-2017">"China's Three Gorges project increases power output in 2017"</a>. GBTimes.com. January 4, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180303050307/https://gbtimes.com/chinas-three-gorges-project-increases-power-output-in-2017">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2018. 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China Daily. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321110824/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201812/21/WS5c1c5eeca3107d4c3a002168.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 21, 2019. Retrieved March 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China+Daily&rft.atitle=Three+Gorges+Dam+generates+record+amount+of+power&rft.date=2018-12-21&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Jie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fa%2F201812%2F21%2FWS5c1c5eeca3107d4c3a002168.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.sina.com.cn/china/gncj/2020-01-07/doc-iihnzahk2534157.shtml">"三峡工程2019年运行情况良好综合效益显著发挥"</a>. Sina Corp. 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March 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=waterpowermagazine.com&rft.atitle=Three+Gorges+crosses+100b+kWh+power+generation+mark+in+2021&rft.date=2022-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waterpowermagazine.com%2Fnews%2Fnewsthree-gorges-crosses-100b-kwh-power-generation-mark-in-2021-9406102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stcn.com/article/detail/768963.html">"长江电力：2022年总发电量1855.81亿千瓦时同比减少10.92%"</a>. January 5, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%95%BF%E6%B1%9F%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%9B%EF%BC%9A2022%E5%B9%B4%E6%80%BB%E5%8F%91%E7%94%B5%E9%87%8F1855.81%E4%BA%BF%E5%8D%83%E7%93%A6%E6%97%B6+%E5%90%8C%E6%AF%94%E5%87%8F%E5%B0%9110.92%25&rft.date=2023-01-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stcn.com%2Farticle%2Fdetail%2F768963.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202401/content_6925452.htm">"2023年三峡枢纽通过货运量再创新高"</a>. 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Yichang, Hubei Province. <a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a>. February 27, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90882/7741118.html">the original</a> on September 27, 2013. <q>The entire shiplift will be completed in 2015.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tower+columns+for+Three+Gorges+shiplift+to+be+built&rft.date=2012-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.peopledaily.com.cn%2F90882%2F7741118.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1519185/three-gorges-dam-exceeds-cargo-target-set-2030">"Three Gorges Dam exceeds cargo target set for 2030"</a>. South China Morning Post. 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Retrieved December 12, 2018. <q>CTGC announced on January 6 that the Three Gorges ship lift with the maximum lifting height reaching 113 meters and allowing ships with displacement of 3000-ton passing the dam has conducted real vessel experiment successfully in late December last year.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=China+shifts+from+follower+to+leader+in+hydropower+development&rft.date=2016-02-17&rft.au=Wang+Yichen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.ce.cn%2FInsight%2F201602%2F17%2Ft20160217_8909730.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SteelConstruction2009-131"><a href="#cite_ref-SteelConstruction2009_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJan_AkkermannThomas_RunteDorothea_Krebs2009" class="citation web cs1">Jan Akkermann; Thomas Runte; Dorothea Krebs (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://probeinternational.org/library/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Ship-lift-at-Three-Gorges-Dam-China-design-of-steel-structures.pdf">"Ship lift at Three Gorges Dam, China − design of steel structures"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved April 19, 2016. <q>The ship chamber is designed for passenger ships with a max. water displacement of 3000 tonnes, max. length of 84.5 m, max. width of 17.2 m and max. draught of 2.65 m.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ship+lift+at+Three+Gorges+Dam%2C+China+%E2%88%92+design+of+steel+structures&rft.pub=Steel+construction+2&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Jan+Akkermann&rft.au=Thomas+Runte&rft.au=Dorothea+Krebs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprobeinternational.org%2Flibrary%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2011%2F01%2FShip-lift-at-Three-Gorges-Dam-China-design-of-steel-structures.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-slt1-132"><a href="#cite_ref-slt1_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20160814114620/http://www.ctgpc.com/news/news1.php?NewsId=96484">"Phase I Field Trial of Ship Lift at Three Gorges Dam Successfully Ends"</a>. 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Retrieved April 20, 2016. <q>二、加快构建长期翻坝运输体系，并将疏港交通项目纳入三峡后扶规划。支持建设三峡大坝坝首太平溪至夷陵区张家口36.2公里的三峡翻坝高速公路江北段，与沪蓉高速公路互通；支持建设南北两岸三峡翻坝铁路，即夷陵太平溪港――宜昌火车东站――白洋田家河港88公里的北岸翻坝铁路，秭归茅坪港――宜昌火车南站――焦柳铁路枝城站95公里的南岸翻坝铁路；支持翻坝港口和翻坝物流园建设，加快形成完善的南北分流、水陆（铁）联运的翻坝转运格局，充分发挥长江黄金水道优势。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Daily&rft.atitle=%E6%B9%96%E5%8C%97%E8%AE%AE%E6%A1%88%E6%8F%90%E6%A1%88%EF%BC%9A%E6%8F%90%E5%8D%87%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%A1%E7%BF%BB%E5%9D%9D%E8%BD%AC%E8%BF%90%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B&rft.date=2013-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhb.people.com.cn%2Fn%2F2013%2F0317%2Fc194063-18307250.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Qq2012-10-12-135"><a href="#cite_ref-Qq2012-10-12_135-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hb.qq.com/a/20121012/000647.htm"><bdi lang="zh">三峡翻坝铁路前期工作启动建成实现水铁联运</bdi></a> [Dam in Three Gorges railway preliminary work completed to start the implementation of water and railway transport] (in Chinese). 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U.S. Embassy in China. March 7, 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usembassy-china.org.cn/sandt/estnews030703.htm">the original</a> on October 11, 2007. Retrieved January 20, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Beijing+Environment%2C+Science+and+Technology+Update&rft.date=2003-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usembassy-china.org.cn%2Fsandt%2Festnews030703.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/business/2021-04/08/content_77387275.htm">"New mega hydropower station to begin operations – China.org.cn"</a>. china.org.cn. Retrieved April 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=china.org.cn&rft.atitle=New+mega+hydropower+station+to+begin+operations+%E2%80%93+China.org.cn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.org.cn%2Fbusiness%2F2021-04%2F08%2Fcontent_77387275.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree+Gorges+Dam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614050746/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2041318">"Beyond Three Gorges in China"</a>. Water Power Magazine. January 10, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2041318">the original</a> on June 14, 2011. 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Energy_in_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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China">Electricity sector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_China" title="Energy policy of China">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_security_of_China" title="Energy security of China">Energy security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_China" title="List of power stations in China">List of power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_China" title="Renewable energy in China">Renewable energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Atomic_Energy_Authority" title="China Atomic Energy Authority">China Atomic Energy Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Nuclear_Safety_Administration" title="National Nuclear Safety Administration">National Nuclear Safety Administration</a></li> <li><a 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HVDC_Gezhouba%E2%80%93Shanghai" title="HVDC Gezhouba–Shanghai">HVDC Gezhouba–Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HVDC_Three_Gorges_%E2%80%93_Changzhou" title="HVDC Three Gorges – Changzhou">HVDC Three Gorges – Changzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HVDC_Three_Gorges_%E2%80%93_Guangdong" title="HVDC Three Gorges – Guangdong">HVDC Three Gorges – Guangdong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HVDC_Tian%E2%80%93Guang" title="HVDC Tian–Guang">HVDC Tian–Guang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HVDC_Zhoushan" title="HVDC Zhoushan">HVDC Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Three Gorges Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-voltage_electricity_transmission_in_China" title="Ultra-high-voltage electricity transmission in China">Ultra-high-voltage transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunnan%E2%80%93Guangdong_HVDC" title="Yunnan–Guangdong HVDC">Yunnan–Guangdong HVDC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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<li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Energy" title="Portal:Energy">Energy portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Renewable_energy" title="Portal:Renewable energy">Renewable energy portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hydroelectric_dams_on_the_Yangtze" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#99CCFF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liyuan_Dam" title="Liyuan Dam">Liyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahai_Dam" title="Ahai Dam">Ahai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinanqiao_Dam" title="Jinanqiao Dam">Jinanqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longkaikou_Dam" title="Longkaikou Dam">Longkaikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludila_Dam" title="Ludila Dam">Ludila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanyinyan_Dam" title="Guanyinyan Dam">Guanyinyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudongde_Dam" title="Wudongde Dam">Wudongde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baihetan_Dam" title="Baihetan Dam">Baihetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiluodu_Dam" title="Xiluodu Dam">Xiluodu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangjiaba_Dam" title="Xiangjiaba Dam">Xiangjiaba</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Three Gorges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gezhouba_Dam" title="Gezhouba Dam">Gezhouba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" 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