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subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Course_of_the_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_Phase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Phase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 First Phase </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Phase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Phase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Phase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Second Phase </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Phase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Yugoslav_offensives_on_Presevo_and_Kumanovo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yugoslav_offensives_on_Presevo_and_Kumanovo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Yugoslav offensives on Presevo and Kumanovo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yugoslav_offensives_on_Presevo_and_Kumanovo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bulgarian_offensive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bulgarian_offensive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Bulgarian offensive </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bulgarian_offensive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Albanian_resistance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Albanian_resistance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.3 Albanian resistance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Albanian_resistance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_phase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_phase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Third phase </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_phase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Albanian_guerilla_resistance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Albanian_guerilla_resistance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 Albanian guerilla resistance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Albanian_guerilla_resistance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Aftermath </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karadak-Gollak_Uprising_(1941%E2%80%931951)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadak-Gollak Uprising (1941–1951)">Karadak-Gollak Uprising (1941–1951)</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Series of Albanian riots in the Karadak and Gollak regions</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insurgency in Karadak-Gollak</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II in Yugoslavia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">post-war era</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Kosovo_during_WW_II.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Map_of_Kosovo_during_WW_II.png/300px-Map_of_Kosovo_during_WW_II.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Map_of_Kosovo_during_WW_II.png/450px-Map_of_Kosovo_during_WW_II.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Map_of_Kosovo_during_WW_II.png/600px-Map_of_Kosovo_during_WW_II.png 2x" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="524" /></a> In 1941, Kosovo is occupied by the Bulgarian forces, with the <a href="/wiki/Skopska_Crna_Gora" title="Skopska Crna Gora">Karadak region</a> under Bulgarian control, and the area of Gollak occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia" title="Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia">German military administration</a>.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>First phase: 18 April 1941–9 September 1944 Second phase: 9 September 1944–July 1945 Third phase: 15 August 1945–6 October 1951</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Skopska_Crna_Gora" title="Skopska Crna Gora">Karadak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gollak" title="Gollak">Gollak</a> regions, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a> Modern-day <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> First Phase: Ballist victory <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Balli Kombëtar</a> secures the region during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>.</li></ul> Second Phase: Yugoslav-Bulgarian victory <ul><li>Yugoslav-Bulgarian forces force Albanian rebels into Guerrilla warfare after <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Balli Kombëtar</a> was dissolved</li></ul> Third Phase: Yugoslav victory <ul><li>Yugoslav troops defeat remaining Albanian rebels</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial changes</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%A1evo_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Preševo valley">Preševo valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skopska_Crna_Gora" title="Skopska Crna Gora">Skopska Crna Gora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gollak" title="Gollak">Gollak</a> secured by <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 1941–1944 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">Albania</a> <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Balli Kombëtar</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kachaks" title="Kachaks">Kachaks</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 1941–1944 <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Bulgaria" title="Tsardom of Bulgaria">Tsardom of Bulgaria</a> <hr /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Macedonia_%281944%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Macedonia_%281944%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Macedonia_%281944%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Macedonia_%281944%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Macedonia_%281944%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Macedonia_%281944%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Partisans" title="Macedonian Partisans">Macedonian Partisans</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> 1944–1945 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">Albania</a> <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Balli Kombëtar</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kachaks" title="Kachaks">Kachaks</a> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> 1944–1945 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Fatherland_Front_(Bulgaria)" title="Fatherland Front (Bulgaria)">Bulgaria</a> <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans"><img alt="Yugoslav Partisans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Liberation Army of Macedonia">Yugoslav Partisans</a> <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks"><img alt="Chetniks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1159" data-file-height="745" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a></td></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> 1946–1951 <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballist dissidents</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kachaks" title="Kachaks">Kachak dissidents</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> 1945–1951 <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Macedonia" title="Socialist Republic of Macedonia"><img alt="Socialist Republic of Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flag_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Macedonia_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Macedonia_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flag_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Macedonia_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Macedonia_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flag_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Macedonia_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Macedonia_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav Macedonia">Yugoslav Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Serbia" title="Socialist Republic of Serbia"><img alt="Socialist Republic of Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281946%E2%80%931993%29%2C_Flag_of_Serbia_%281947%E2%80%931992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281946%E2%80%931993%29%2C_Flag_of_Serbia_%281947%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281946%E2%80%931993%29%2C_Flag_of_Serbia_%281947%E2%80%931992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281946%E2%80%931993%29%2C_Flag_of_Serbia_%281947%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281946%E2%80%931993%29%2C_Flag_of_Serbia_%281947%E2%80%931992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281946%E2%80%931993%29%2C_Flag_of_Serbia_%281947%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> Yugoslav Kosovo</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Mulla_Idriz_Gjilani" title="Mulla Idriz Gjilani">Mulla Idriz Gjilani</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Sul%C3%AB_Hotla" title="Sulë Hotla">Sulë Hotla</a> <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Executed"><img alt="Executed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/14px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/21px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/28px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="490" /></a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Jusuf_Baftjari" title="Jusuf Baftjari">Jusuf Baftjari</a> <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Executed"><img alt="Executed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/14px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/21px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/28px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="490" /></a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_Ali_Remniku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan Ali Remniku (page does not exist)">Hasan Ali Remniku</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Kokaj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Kokaj (page does not exist)">Mustafa Kokaj</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Limon_Staneci" title="Limon Staneci">Limon Staneci</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> Mulla Sadik Haliti <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Executed"><img alt="Executed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/14px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/21px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/28px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="490" /></a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ymer_Myqybaba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ymer Myqybaba (page does not exist)">Ymer Myqybaba</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> Fuad Dibra <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xheladin_Kurbaliu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xheladin Kurbaliu (page does not exist)">Xheladin Kurbaliu</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> Hazir Haziri <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> Sylë Zarbica <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> Rrustem Behluli <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_L%C3%B6hr" title="Alexander Löhr">Alexander Löhr</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Stoychev" title="Vladimir Stoychev">Vladimir Stoychev</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kiril_Stanchev" title="Kiril Stanchev">Kiril Stanchev</a> <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans"><img alt="Yugoslav Partisans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mile_%C4%8Calovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mile Čalović (page does not exist)">Mile Čalović</a> <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans"><img alt="Yugoslav Partisans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomica_Popovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomica Popović (page does not exist)">Tomica Popović</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Units involved</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Balli_Kombetar.png/22px-Balli_Kombetar.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Balli_Kombetar.png/33px-Balli_Kombetar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Balli_Kombetar.png/44px-Balli_Kombetar.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="470" /> Karadak battalion<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Balli_Kombetar.png/22px-Balli_Kombetar.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Balli_Kombetar.png/33px-Balli_Kombetar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Balli_Kombetar.png/44px-Balli_Kombetar.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="470" /> <a href="/wiki/Kachaks" title="Kachaks">Kachaks</a> from <a href="/wiki/Skopska_Crna_Gora" title="Skopska Crna Gora">Karadak</a><a href="#cite_note-titulli-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_E" title="Army Group E">Heeresgruppe E</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans"><img alt="Yugoslav Partisans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> 8th Macedonian Brigade <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans"><img alt="Yugoslav Partisans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> 12th Macedonian Brigade <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans"><img alt="Yugoslav Partisans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> 16th Macedonian Brigade <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans"><img alt="Yugoslav Partisans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> 17th Macedonian Brigade <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans"><img alt="Yugoslav Partisans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> 18th Macedonian Brigade <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans"><img alt="Yugoslav Partisans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> 2nd Kosovska Brigade <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans"><img alt="Yugoslav Partisans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> 3rd Kosovska Brigade<a href="#cite_note-Acta_Iugoslaviae_historica-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 1944: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> 3000<a href="#cite_note-:5-4">[4]</a>-4000 soldiers (Only in Karadak)<a href="#cite_note-:33-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> 3 Divisions <hr /> 1947: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> 1,735 rebels (Only in Karadak)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201134-35-6">[6]</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> 5 Divisions <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Yugoslav_Partisans_flag_%281942-1945%29.svg/23px-Yugoslav_Partisans_flag_%281942-1945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Yugoslav_Partisans_flag_%281942-1945%29.svg/35px-Yugoslav_Partisans_flag_%281942-1945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Yugoslav_Partisans_flag_%281942-1945%29.svg/46px-Yugoslav_Partisans_flag_%281942-1945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> 2 Divisions</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Unknown</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Unknown</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Albania_in_World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Albania in World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_II_in_Albania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">World War II in Albania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">1939 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion</a></li></ul> 1940 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Korytsa" title="Battle of Korytsa">Korytsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Himara" title="Battle of Himara">Himara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saranda" title="Battle of Saranda">Saranda</a></li></ul> 1941 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Klisura_Pass" title="Capture of Klisura Pass">Klisura Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trebeshina" title="Battle of Trebeshina">Trebeshina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hill_731" title="Battle of Hill 731">Hill 731</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_spring_offensive" title="Italian spring offensive">Spring offensive</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karadak–Gollak</a></li></ul> 1942 1943 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gjorm" title="Battle of Gjorm">Gjorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leskovik" title="Battle of Leskovik">Leskovik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_P%C3%ABrmet" title="Battle of Përmet">Përmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Tepelena" title="Liberation of Tepelena">Tepelena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurtez_ambush" title="Kurtez ambush">Kurtez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tirana_and_Kruja_(1943)" title="Battle of Tirana and Kruja (1943)">Tirana and Kruja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Re%C3%A7" title="Battle of Reç">Reç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Albania" title="German invasion of Albania">German invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Drashovica" title="Battle of Drashovica">Drashovica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pez%C3%AB_(1943)" title="Battle of Pezë (1943)">Pezë</a></li></ul> 1944 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Draufg%C3%A4nger" title="Operation Draufgänger">Draufgänger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Menina" title="Battle of Menina">Menina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Pre%C5%A1evo" title="First Battle of Preševo">Preševo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Operation_(1944)" title="Kosovo Operation (1944)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Tirana" title="Liberation of Tirana">Tirana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Desivojca" title="Battle of Desivojca">Desivojca</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> The insurgency in Karadak–Gollak, also known as the War in Eastern Kosovo (<a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: Lufta e Kosovës Lindore),<a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a> was a series of Albanian riots in the <a href="/wiki/Skopska_Crna_Gora" title="Skopska Crna Gora">Karadak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gollak" title="Gollak">Gollak</a> regions with spillover into the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Pomoravlje" title="Kosovo Pomoravlje">Anamorava</a> regions. Initially directed against <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Italian occupation</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a> in 1941, it later targeted the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a> who were attempting to gain control of the area. In early October 1951, amidst the <a href="/wiki/Post-war_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-war era">post-war era</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Directorate_for_State_Security_(Yugoslavia)" title="Directorate for State Security (Yugoslavia)">state security service of Yugoslavia</a> (UDBA) sought to eliminate Hasan Remniku and <a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustaf%C3%AB_Koka" class="extiw" title="sq:Mustafë Koka">Mustafa Kokaj</a>, the last of the <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kachaks" title="Kachaks">Kachak rebel</a> leaders. UDBA agents, disguised as individuals offering assistance to smuggle Kokaj and Remniku across the border into <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania" title="People's Socialist Republic of Albania">Albania</a>, lured them into an ambush set up by <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav forces</a> on October 6, 1951. The ensuing three-day confrontation between <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Defence_Corps_of_Yugoslavia" title="People's Defence Corps of Yugoslavia">Yugoslav</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballist</a> forces resulted in the deaths of Kokaj, Remniku, and the majority of their soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-:8-8">[8]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak_(1941%E2%80%931951)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> Following the <a href="/wiki/April_War" class="mw-redirect" title="April War">April War</a>, the region of <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo region">Kosovo</a> was divided into three occupation zones, which were defined in the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Award" title="Vienna Award">Vienna talks</a>. Axis Powers like <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a> sought to meet the demands of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, which was another ally of the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis Bloc</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Bulgaria sought to annex the <a href="/wiki/Skopska_Crna_Gora" title="Skopska Crna Gora">Karadak region</a> which included parts of the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Gjilan" title="District of Gjilan">Region of Gjilan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viti,_Kosovo" title="Viti, Kosovo">Vitia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ka%C3%A7anik" title="Kaçanik">Kaçanik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%A1evo_Valley" title="Preševo Valley">the Presevo Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kumanovo" title="Kumanovo">Kumanovo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Malcolm2-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The newly annexed regions contained about 200,000 Albanians. All ethnic Albanian territories annexed by Bulgaria, were declared as an integral part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgarian Kingdom</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Course_of_the_war">Course of the war</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak_(1941%E2%80%931951)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Course of the war">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Phase">First Phase</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak_(1941%E2%80%931951)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First Phase">edit</a>]</div> After the border changes, Bulgarians resorted to targeted violence to force Muslim Albanians from <a href="/wiki/Karadak_(mountain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadak (mountain)">Karadak</a> to emigrate.<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> The violence in the Bulgarian-Albanian border areas encompassed a wide range of abuses, including arbitrary arrests, expulsions, rapes, and executions.<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> The Italians faced an increasing wave of Albanian refugees fleeing from the <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgarian territories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> The prefect of Pristina, Drini, informed Albanian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Merlika-Kruja" title="Mustafa Merlika-Kruja">Mustafa Kruja</a> about the unbearable situation for Albanians on the Bulgarian side due to severe persecution, where rapes and violence were common.<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> Drini mentioned the villages along the Albanian-Bulgarian border—<a href="/wiki/Lubisht%C3%AB" title="Lubishtë">Lubishtë</a>, Blinicë, Ramatovë, Vitovë, <a href="/wiki/Zheg%C3%ABr" title="Zhegër">Zhegër</a>, Hadevë, <a href="/wiki/Pogragja" class="mw-disambig" title="Pogragja">Pogragja</a>, Uglarë, Hashtiçe, and <a href="/wiki/Remnik" title="Remnik">Remnik</a>—where the Bulgarians had caused a "hellish situation."<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> Following large-scale attacks on the civilian population in <a href="/wiki/Karadak_(mountain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadak (mountain)">Karadak</a>, many residents—including <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(ethnic_group)" title="Macedonians (ethnic group)">Macedonians</a>—rose up against Bulgarian rule.<a href="#cite_note-:22-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-:15-13">[13]</a> Many <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a> joined the <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Balli Kombëtar</a>, while others joined the <a href="/wiki/Partisan_movement" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Partisan movement">Partisan movement</a>, alongside most Serbs and Macedonians.<a href="#cite_note-:22-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-:15-13">[13]</a> In 1941, the Karadak Partisan detachment, composed mainly of Serbs and Macedonians, was formed in <a href="/wiki/Kumanovo" title="Kumanovo">Kumanovo</a> to resist the Bulgarian occupiers.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-:15-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> However, on October 14, 1941, the detachment was crushed in battle by a large Bulgarian army and police force near <a href="/wiki/Kumanovo" title="Kumanovo">Kumanovo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> On May 20, 1942, after more than 200 people fled in a group to <a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Albania</a>, Albanian Propaganda Minister <a href="/wiki/Dhimit%C3%ABr_Beratti" title="Dhimitër Beratti">Dhimitër Beratti</a> deemed the violence at the Bulgarian-Albanian border to be so acute that he provided a chronology of Bulgarian abuses against Albanians to Commendatore Angelo Corrias, head of the Albanian Affairs Office in the Italian Foreign Ministry.<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> This report detailed thirty severe incidents from December 17, 1941, to May 27, 1942, including mass rapes and mutilations. Among the worst incidents on March 13, 1942, in the villages of <a href="/wiki/Kabash" title="Kabash">Kabash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Remnik" title="Remnik">Remnik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zheg%C3%ABr" title="Zhegër">Zhegër</a>, Nasale, <a href="/wiki/Gjylekar" title="Gjylekar">Gjylekar</a>, Uglar, Shurdhan, and <a href="/wiki/Llashtic%C3%AB" title="Llashticë">Llashticë</a>, Bulgarian soldiers, along with Serbian civilians, committed "the most heinous acts" against women and girls while the Albanian men were imprisoned.<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> One pregnant woman lost her child during the two days of rapes, and another went insane.<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> By July 10, 1942, <a href="/wiki/Dhimit%C3%ABr_Beratti" title="Dhimitër Beratti">Beratti</a> supplemented his report with a second chronology listing 21 more cases of persecution by Bulgarians against Albanians.<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> On August 6, 1942, Secretary Salvatore Saloni reported that abuses by Bulgarian soldiers against Albanians in the border areas were increasing daily, noting that extortions were common on both sides, closely linked to the new and often unclear border demarcations.<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> From 12 to 15 March 1942, <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Serbian Chetniks</a>, in collaboration with the occupying <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgarian army</a>, besieged the village of <a href="/wiki/Remnik" title="Remnik">Remnik</a> and perpetrated violence against the local Albanian population.<a href="#cite_note-:13-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-:25-18">[18]</a> Under the guise of searching for weapons, they detained the men of <a href="/wiki/Remnik" title="Remnik">Remnik</a> in the village mosque for three days, resulting in the torture and execution of 24 individuals.<a href="#cite_note-:13-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-:25-18">[18]</a> After the massacre, Hasan Ali Remniku and his men managed to break the siege and relocate the villagers to the <a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Italian-controlled zone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:13-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-:25-18">[18]</a> They organized resistance against the Serbian and Bulgarian occupiers and sought revenge against those involved in the massacre.<a href="#cite_note-:13-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-:25-18">[18]</a> Reports indicate that Hasan Ali Remniku killed over 15 Bulgarian and Serbian soldiers, including some who took part in the massacre at the mosque.<a href="#cite_note-:13-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-:25-18">[18]</a> A report by the Albanian Ministry of the Free Land in September 1942 noted that, due to violence and pressure from Bulgarian occupiers, over 3,000 Albanian residents from the <a href="/wiki/Karadak_(mountain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadak (mountain)">Karadak Mountains</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kumanovo" title="Kumanovo">Kumanovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ka%C3%A7anik" title="Kaçanik">Kaçanik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%A1evo" title="Preševo">Preševo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a> had been forced to leave their homes.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] They were experiencing difficult conditions in areas like <a href="/wiki/Gjilan" title="Gjilan">Gjilan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferizaj" title="Ferizaj">Ferizaj</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The first military action of the insurgency occurred in Karadak, specifically in <a href="/wiki/Lojane" title="Lojane">Lojane</a>, when <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Movement_(Albania)" title="National Liberation Movement (Albania)">Albanian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Serbian partisans</a> under the command of Xheladin Kurbaliu attacked the Lojane mine on October 19, 1942. Bulgarian forces were defeated with minimal resistance.<a href="#cite_note-:19-19">[19]</a> After the clash, disputes erupted among the partisans, prompting Xheladin to switch sides and join <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Balli Kombëtar</a>, where he became a prominent commander of the <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballist</a> forces in <a href="/wiki/Karadak_(mountain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadak (mountain)">Karadak</a><a href="#cite_note-:19-19">[19]</a> Following the attack on the Bulgarian mine, Bulgarian soldiers randomly accused male Albanians from the village of <a href="/wiki/Stra%C5%BEa,_Lipkovo" title="Straža, Lipkovo">Straža</a> of banditry and subsequently mistreated and tortured them.<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> In another massacre in the Preševo region, Bulgarian soldiers abducted and shot Albanians without cause in the autumn of 1942.<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> On April 23, 1943, a <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Partisans" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Partisans">Albanian partisan</a> detachment took control of the Zhegoc, and by April 25, Kishnapole and Sllakoc.<a href="#cite_note-Fjalësi-20">[20]</a> They planned to move from Kishnapole to <a href="/wiki/Gjilan" title="Gjilan">Gjilan</a> and then to the mountains near <a href="/wiki/Malishev%C3%AB,_Gjilan" title="Malishevë, Gjilan">Malishevë</a> to send messengers to the district committee. However, their guide was unfamiliar with the route, so they settled in the Jabuq mountains between Ponesh and <a href="/wiki/Livo%C3%A7_i_Ep%C3%ABrm" title="Livoç i Epërm">Upper Livoç</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fjalësi-20">[20]</a> Soon however they were detected and on April 26, the Italian army, joined by local fascist militias, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Mulla_Idriz_Gjilani" title="Mulla Idriz Gjilani">Mulla Idriz Gilani</a>, surrounded the detachment. In the ensuing clash, deputy commissar Musa Zajmi was killed, and Nexhmedin Nixha was wounded.<a href="#cite_note-Fjalësi-20">[20]</a> The district committee and supporters of the National Liberation Movement organized aid.<a href="#cite_note-Fjalësi-20">[20]</a> The detachment then proceeded to retreat toward Gadish.<a href="#cite_note-Fjalësi-20">[20]</a> During the first phase of the conflict, <a href="/wiki/Gollak" title="Gollak">Gollak</a> was a theater for multiple <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisan</a> incursions aimed at gaining a foothold in the region, as most of <a href="/wiki/Gollak" title="Gollak">Gollak</a> had been annexed by <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">Albania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fjalësi-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ramadani1-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-:18-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pirraku-23">[23]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Kika_and_Velegllava" title="Battles of Kika and Velegllava">The first Yugoslav offensive</a> by the <a href="/wiki/22nd_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="22nd Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">22nd Division</a> on Velegllava in Kika Mountain, Gollak, began on June 28, 1944, with a force of 500-600 men from <a href="/wiki/Toplica_District" title="Toplica District">Toplica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vranje" title="Vranje">Vranje</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Leskovac" title="Leskovac">Leskovac</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ramadani1-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fjalësi-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-:18-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pirraku-23">[23]</a> They encountered fierce resistance from <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Balli Kombëtar</a> units. After 12 hours of fighting, the Yugoslav partisans were defeated, suffering 200 killed and 131 captured, while the <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballists</a> lost 17 men, including commanders like Abdi Gjoka and Bajram Poliçka.<a href="#cite_note-Fjalësi-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ramadani1-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-:18-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pirraku-23">[23]</a> On the night of July 25–26, the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Partisans</a> <a href="/wiki/21st_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="21st Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">21st</a>, <a href="/wiki/22nd_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="22nd Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">22nd</a>, <a href="/wiki/24th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="24th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">24th</a>, and <a href="/wiki/25th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="25th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">25th</a> divisions, reinforced by 3,000-3,500 soldiers, launched a large-scale offensive along a 20-kilometer front toward <a href="/wiki/Gjilan" title="Gjilan">Gjilan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-:18-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bardhyl292-25">[25]</a> They attacked Kika Mountain again, but the <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballists</a> emerged victorious, with the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Partisans</a> sustaining 143 killed and 209 wounded.<a href="#cite_note-Bardhyl292-25">[25]</a> The Ballists lost 34 men, including Commander Islam Shahiqi.<a href="#cite_note-Ramadani1-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bardhyl292-25">[25]</a> Between 28 August and 7 September 1944, a battle occurred near <a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%A1evo" title="Preševo">Preševo</a>, near the Rajince river, between <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballists</a> under the command of <a href="/wiki/Limon_Staneci" title="Limon Staneci">Limon Staneci</a> and Ibrahim Kelmendi, and Bulgarian forces, culminating in an Albanian victory after the Bulgarian forces capitulated and withdrew on 9 September 1944.<a href="#cite_note-:11-26">[26]</a> Following <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Italy’s capitulation</a> on 8 September 1943, new opportunities arose to unify Albanian-inhabited territories with <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">German-occupied Albania.</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201133-34-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-:222-28">[28]</a> To further this aim, the <a href="/wiki/Second_League_of_Prizren" title="Second League of Prizren">Second League of Prizren</a> was established in <a href="/wiki/Prizren" title="Prizren">Prizren</a> from 16 to 20 September 1943, representing all Albanian lands, including those under German and Bulgarian control. With <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria’s capitulation</a> on 9 September 1944, Albanian <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballist</a> forces in <a href="/wiki/Skopska_Crna_Gora" title="Skopska Crna Gora">Karadak</a> occupied and <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> annexed territories previously under Bulgarian control (<a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%A1evo" title="Preševo">Preševo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bujanovac" title="Bujanovac">Bujanovac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kumanovo" title="Kumanovo">Kumanovo</a>) with the state of <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">Albania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201133-34-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-:222-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-:11-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-danas3-30">[30]</a> These forces, primarily from <a href="/wiki/Skopska_Crna_Gora" title="Skopska Crna Gora">Karadak</a>, were commanded by leaders such as <a href="/wiki/Jusuf_Baftjari" title="Jusuf Baftjari">Jusuf Baftjari</a>, Xheladin Kurbalia, <a href="/wiki/Limon_Staneci" title="Limon Staneci">Limon Staneci</a>, Ibrahim Kelmendi, <a href="/wiki/Sul%C3%AB_Hotla" title="Sulë Hotla">Sylë Hotla</a> etc.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201133-34-27">[27]</a> On 12 September 1944, <a href="/wiki/Sul%C3%AB_Hotla" title="Sulë Hotla">Sylë Hotla</a> and thousands of his men from <a href="/wiki/Karadak_(mountain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadak (mountain)">Karadak</a>, together with hundreds of men from the forces of <a href="/wiki/Xhem_Hasa" title="Xhem Hasa">Xhem Gostivari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mefail_Shehu" title="Mefail Shehu">Mefail Shehu</a>, captured <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a> and raised the Albanian flag.<a href="#cite_note-:09-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Phase">Second Phase</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak_(1941%E2%80%931951)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second Phase">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Yugoslav_offensives_on_Presevo_and_Kumanovo">Yugoslav offensives on Presevo and Kumanovo</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak_(1941%E2%80%931951)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Yugoslav offensives on Presevo and Kumanovo">edit</a>]</div> Immediately after the incursion into <a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%A1evo" title="Preševo">Preševo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bujanovac" title="Bujanovac">Bujanovac</a>, Albanian <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballists</a> undertook measures to organize and gather volunteer groups to prevent the advance or any eventual attack from the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav National Liberation Army</a>. Fighting between the Albanian <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballists</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a> began on September 9, 1944, in Ternovac and Bujanovac.<a href="#cite_note-:19-19">[19]</a> The fighting continued on September 10.<a href="#cite_note-:19-19">[19]</a> On that day, the Albanian <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballists</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bujanovac" title="Bujanovac">Bujanovac</a> received assistance from several soldiers of the IV Regiment of the <a href="/wiki/Second_League_of_Prizren" title="Second League of Prizren">Second League of Prizren</a> under the command of Colonel <a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuat_bej_Dibra" class="extiw" title="sq:Fuat bej Dibra">Fuad Dibra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:19-19">[19]</a> The battle between the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a> and the Albanian <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballists</a> from <a href="/wiki/Karadak_(mountain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadak (mountain)">Karadak</a> intensified particularly on September 10.<a href="#cite_note-:19-19">[19]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a> hoped that the Albanian <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballists</a> would be weak due to the lack of real military organization. However, after three days of fighting <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a> eventually withdrew, due to the effective <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballist</a> defense.<a href="#cite_note-:19-19">[19]</a> On 18 September 1944, Yugoslav Partisans again sought control of the Presevo Valley and Kumanovo, <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Pre%C5%A1evo" title="First Battle of Preševo">clashing</a> with German-aligned Albanian <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballists</a> near <a href="/wiki/Lojane" title="Lojane">Lojane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:14-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-33">[33]</a> The Partisans attacked but were driven back to <a href="/wiki/Nikuljane" title="Nikuljane">Nikuljane</a>, where they faced further ambushes.<a href="#cite_note-:9-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-:33-5">[5]</a> Residents of <a href="/wiki/Sopot,_Kumanovo" title="Sopot, Kumanovo">Sopot</a> also joined the fight and killed many Partisans, prompting later retaliatory violence against the village.<a href="#cite_note-:9-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-34">[34]</a> Suffering heavy losses, the Partisan forces retreated on 24 September, leaving around 500 dead and 117 captured.<a href="#cite_note-:9-33">[33]</a> Simultaneously <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Pre%C5%A1evo" title="First Battle of Preševo">Operations in Preševo</a> on 19 September led to initial <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Partisan</a> gains, but local Kachaks from Karadak counterattacked, reclaiming the area and inflicting heavy casualties.<a href="#cite_note-:10-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kosovari34-36">[36]</a> Despite reinforcement efforts, the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Partisans</a> ultimately fell back.<a href="#cite_note-Kosovari34-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-presheva.al-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-35">[35]</a> During the battle over 100 <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Partisans</a> were killed, while 206 were taken <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoners of war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kosovari34-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-presheva.al-37">[37]</a> A British report, however, indicated that Ballists overran the 17th Macedonian Brigade near Presevo, resulting in the deaths of 1,500 Partisan soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-:42-38">[38]</a> On September 22, a partisan unit under commander Niko Vukčević clashed with <a href="/wiki/Sul%C3%AB_Hotla" title="Sulë Hotla">Sylë Hotla</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballist</a> forces, who forced them to retreat toward <a href="/wiki/Runica" title="Runica">Runica</a>, which they set ablaze, executing residents.<a href="#cite_note-:9-33">[33]</a> The following day, they burned houses in <a href="/wiki/Gla%C5%BEnja" title="Glažnja">Glažnja</a> and advanced toward <a href="/wiki/Brest,_%C4%8Cu%C4%8Der-Sandevo" title="Brest, Čučer-Sandevo">Brest</a>, where they met <a href="/wiki/Sul%C3%AB_Hotla" title="Sulë Hotla">Hotla</a>'s forces again and retreated back to <a href="/wiki/Runica" title="Runica">Runica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ala%C5%A1evce" title="Alaševce">Alaševce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:9-33">[33]</a> On the morning of September 23, partisans attacked <a href="/wiki/Runica" title="Runica">Runica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ala%C5%A1evce" title="Alaševce">Alaševce</a>, killing civilians, including women and children, and burning homes.<a href="#cite_note-:9-33">[33]</a> News of the atrocities spread, prompting about forty men from <a href="/wiki/Slup%C4%8Dane" title="Slupčane">Slupčane</a>, led by Mulla Sadik Haliti, to confront the partisans.<a href="#cite_note-:9-33">[33]</a> Initially suffering losses, Mulla Sadik Haliti managed to disable a machine gun position, forcing the partisans to retreat and face further resistance from <a href="/wiki/Sul%C3%AB_Hotla" title="Sulë Hotla">Hotla</a>'s units.<a href="#cite_note-:9-33">[33]</a> From October 24-30, 1944, Albanians from <a href="/wiki/Karadak_(mountain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadak (mountain)">Karadak</a> especially <a href="/wiki/Tanu%C5%A1evci" title="Tanuševci">Tanuševci</a>, under the command of Tefik Tanisheci, advanced toward villages in the <a href="/wiki/Skopska_Crna_Gora" title="Skopska Crna Gora">Skopska Crna Gora</a> where numerous partisan brigades had gathered, including local partisans with reinforcements from <a href="/wiki/Vranje" title="Vranje">Vranje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Pre%C5%A1evo" title="Second Battle of Preševo">Preševo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bujanovac" title="Bujanovac">Bujanovac</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Pomoravlje" title="Kosovo Pomoravlje">Anamorava</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:17-39">[39]</a> They launched a successful offensive across open terrain, moving from Guri i Zi through <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brodec,_%C4%8Cu%C4%8Der-Sandevo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brodec, Čučer-Sandevo (page does not exist)">Brodec</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ku%C4%8Devi%C5%A1te" title="Kučevište">Kučevište</a>, toward Bajašnica, reaching as far as the <a href="/wiki/Banjane" title="Banjane">Banjane</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gornjane,_%C4%8Cu%C4%8Der-Sandevo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gornjane, Čučer-Sandevo (page does not exist)">Gornjane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:17-39">[39]</a> From 3 to 4 November 1944, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a> besieged the village of <a href="/wiki/Sopot,_Kumanovo" title="Sopot, Kumanovo">Sopot</a> near <a href="/wiki/Kumanovo" title="Kumanovo">Kumanovo</a> and massacred 68 Albanian civilians, including villagers and guests aged 11 to 95.<a href="#cite_note-:4-34">[34]</a> The 12th Macedonian Brigade continued operations in the <a href="/wiki/Kumanovo" title="Kumanovo">Kumanovo</a> region following this event.<a href="#cite_note-:4-34">[34]</a> From 9 to 15 November, after regrouping and launching yet another assault, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a> successfully <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Pre%C5%A1evo" title="Second Battle of Preševo">captured Preševo</a> and also moved into Gjilan, forcing Ballist forces into the <a href="/wiki/Karadak_(mountain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadak (mountain)">Karadak</a> Mountains.<a href="#cite_note-:33-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-danas3-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-35">[35]</a> Tahir Zaimi reported that the Partisan victory resulted in mass executions of Albanians by “Bulgarian and Serbian-Macedonian Partisans.”<a href="#cite_note-:10-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bulgarian_offensive">Bulgarian offensive</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak_(1941%E2%80%931951)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bulgarian offensive">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Stratsin%E2%80%93Kumanovo_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratsin–Kumanovo operation">Stratsin–Kumanovo operation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Operation_(1944)" title="Kosovo Operation (1944)">Kosovo Operation (1944)</a></div> Bulgaria declared war on Germany on September 8. On 11 November 1944 the Bulgarian Army attacked the city of <a href="/wiki/Kumanovo" title="Kumanovo">Kumanovo</a>, where the Wehrmacht and Albanian forces were defeated and the town as well as the area around was captured by the Bulgarian Army.<a href="#cite_note-:14-32">[32]</a> Bulgarians then advanced towards <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>, where from September to mid-November, the <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Albanian Ballist forces</a>, numbering about 3,600 soldiers, together with the <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_E" title="Army Group E">Army Group E</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Sul%C3%AB_Hotla" title="Sulë Hotla">Sylë Hotla</a> defended <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a> and managed to repel all military attacks of the 16th and 17th brigades of the Kumanovo Partisan Division.<a href="#cite_note-:02-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-41">[41]</a> The second offensive of the Bulgarians, which attacked well-equipped with the support of tanks and fighter planes in the Skopje area, forced the Germans to evacuate their forces, which they carried out on schedule; their main forces abandoned Skopje on 11–12 November.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The remaining German rearguard abandoned Skopje early on 14 November.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Skopje was seized with the decisive role of Bulgarian troops.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Albanian_resistance">Albanian resistance</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak_(1941%E2%80%931951)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Albanian resistance">edit</a>]</div> Following the successful <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Partisan</a> and Bulgarian campaigns against the <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germans</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, many local Albanians, especially in <a href="/wiki/Anamorava" class="mw-redirect" title="Anamorava">Anamorava</a>, began to oppose the Ballist resistance.<a href="#cite_note-:332-46">[46]</a> Nevertheless on November 26, 1944, the "Council of Leaders of Karadak," led by <a href="/wiki/Jusuf_Baftjari" title="Jusuf Baftjari">Jusuf Baftjari</a> and other Albanian leaders, met above <a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%A1evo" title="Preševo">Preševo</a> to unify the Albanian resistance movements in Eastern Kosovo (<a href="/wiki/Skopska_Crna_Gora" title="Skopska Crna Gora">Karadak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Pomoravlje" title="Kosovo Pomoravlje">Anamorava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gollak" title="Gollak">Gollak</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201134-47">[47]</a> This integration formed Zone IV of Kosovo’s Defense under the <a href="/wiki/Second_League_of_Prizren" title="Second League of Prizren">Second League of Prizren</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201134-47">[47]</a> During the meeting, the remaining <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballist</a> leaders agreed on planning a recapture of <a href="/wiki/Gjilan" title="Gjilan">Gjilan</a>. For this, the <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballists</a> attempted to encourage the villagers of <a href="/wiki/Livo%C3%A7_i_Ep%C3%ABrm" title="Livoç i Epërm">Livoç i Epërm</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Pomoravlje" title="Kosovo Pomoravlje">Anamorava</a>, just south of <a href="/wiki/Gjilan" title="Gjilan">Gjilan</a>, to join their plan to take the city; however, the villagers refused.<a href="#cite_note-:332-46">[46]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballists</a> then asked Ymer Myqybaba, a key commander from <a href="/wiki/Skopska_Crna_Gora" title="Skopska Crna Gora">Karadak</a>, to defend the western and southern flanks in <a href="/wiki/Skopska_Crna_Gora" title="Skopska Crna Gora">Karadak</a> by stopping the 16th Macedonian Brigade coming from <a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%A1evo" title="Preševo">Preševo</a> toward <a href="/wiki/Gjilan" title="Gjilan">Gjilan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:332-46">[46]</a> Ymer Myqybaba then gave an oath (<a href="/wiki/Besa_(Albanian_culture)" title="Besa (Albanian culture)">besa</a>) to stop the brigade. Following the council, <a href="/wiki/Jusuf_Baftjari" title="Jusuf Baftjari">Baftjari</a> and other leaders joined forces with Ymer Myqybaba in the Myqybaba village.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201134-47">[47]</a> On November 30, Partisans launched an large scale offensive in <a href="/wiki/Karadak_(mountain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadak (mountain)">Karadak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:21-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-:23-49">[49]</a> Several battles were fought with the most significant being the Battle of Myqybaba, which saw around 120 Albanian Ballists, led by Myqybaba and Baftjari, resist the 16th Macedonian Partisan Brigade of 2,000 men.<a href="#cite_note-:22-12">[12]</a> Despite repelling multiple assaults, the <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballists</a> eventually retreated in the face of reinforcements totaling 20,000.<a href="#cite_note-:22-12">[12]</a> The defeated <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballists</a> then withdrew to the Kopilaça mountain.<a href="#cite_note-:21-48">[48]</a> During the battle, Yugoslav partisans suffered 78 deaths, while the clash also inflicted 12 deaths on the Ballist side, including the death of Commander Ymer Myqybaba.<a href="#cite_note-:23-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-:332-46">[46]</a> In retaliation, Partisans burned 73 or 93 homes in Myqybaba and many more across <a href="/wiki/Karadak_(mountain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadak (mountain)">Karadak</a>, with flames visible from <a href="/wiki/Gjilan" title="Gjilan">Gjilan</a>, as if all of <a href="/wiki/Karadak_(mountain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadak (mountain)">Karadak</a> were ablaze.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201134-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-:332-46">[46]</a> With the failure to defeat the Partisan Brigade, the Ballist intentions of capturing <a href="/wiki/Gjilan" title="Gjilan">Gjilan</a> were temporarily stalled.<a href="#cite_note-:332-46">[46]</a> In mid-November, a noteworthy battle took place in <a href="/wiki/Blace,_%C4%8Cu%C4%8Der-Sandevo" title="Blace, Čučer-Sandevo">Blace</a> of <a href="/wiki/Karadak_(mountain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadak (mountain)">Karadak</a>, specifically at a location known as Guri i Bardhë. The <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Balli Kombëtar</a> forces, specifically the Bllacë battalion led by Abdyl Durra, with support from the forces of Tefik Tanisheci and Din Hoxha, succeeded in decisively defeating the third battalion of the 16th Macedonian Brigade, forcing it to retreat toward the villages of <a href="/wiki/Brazda,_%C4%8Cu%C4%8Der-Sandevo" title="Brazda, Čučer-Sandevo">Brazda</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cu%C4%8Der-Sandevo" title="Čučer-Sandevo">Čučer-Sandevo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Days later, on November 16, 1944, the village of <a href="/wiki/Blace,_%C4%8Cu%C4%8Der-Sandevo" title="Blace, Čučer-Sandevo">Blace</a> was surrounded by the same 16th Macedonian Brigade of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav partisans</a>, commanded by Gligorije Šaranović-"Gliša, which imposed a complete lockdown, preventing villagers from leaving. Armed guards were stationed every 50 meters, restricting movement.<a href="#cite_note-:6-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Halimi146-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-:20-53">[53]</a> The brigade entered the village on November 14, assuring residents they would be safe and urging them to prepare food for the soldiers. Many villagers remained, believing the promises.<a href="#cite_note-:6-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Halimi146-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-:20-53">[53]</a> After three days, the villagers were gathered at the mosque, where they were detained, beaten, and verbally abused.<a href="#cite_note-:6-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Halimi146-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-:20-53">[53]</a> The brigade then took a significant number of them—approximately 130–140 individuals of varying ages—to a site known as "Stanet e Toçit.", where they were systematically massacred.<a href="#cite_note-:6-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Halimi146-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-:20-53">[53]</a> The actions of the 16th Macedonian Brigade were claimed to be aimed at eliminating perceived threats, including the Balli Kombëtar.<a href="#cite_note-:6-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Halimi146-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-:20-53">[53]</a> The deaths of individuals, including children and the elderly, raised serious questions about the motivations behind these killings. Witnesses reported that the perpetrators returned to the scene later, attempting to conceal their actions by destroying graves. Reports indicated that on November 16 and 17, 128 Albanians were killed in <a href="/wiki/Blace,_%C4%8Cu%C4%8Der-Sandevo" title="Blace, Čučer-Sandevo">Blace</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Halimi146-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-:20-53">[53]</a> On December 1, 1944, during a meeting in Tërpezë (<a href="/wiki/Viti,_Kosovo" title="Viti, Kosovo">Viti</a>), <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballists</a> allied with <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> decided to unite to protect Gjilan and Ferizaj from Partisan and Chetnik atrocities.<a href="#cite_note-:010-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201133-34-27">[27]</a> Subsequently, the Committee of Albanian Resistance for Eastern Kosovo was established on December 17, 1944, in <a href="/wiki/Zarbince" title="Zarbince">Zarbincë</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Mulla_Idriz_Gjilani" title="Mulla Idriz Gjilani">Mulla Idriz Gjilani</a> as commander in chief.<a href="#cite_note-:3-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201133-34-27">[27]</a> The committee included resistance leaders from Gollak and Karadak, aiming to implement defensive measures against attacks along the Eastern Kosovo border.<a href="#cite_note-:010-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201133-34-27">[27]</a> On December 4, 1944, 16th Macedonian Partisan Brigade massacred about 100 men, aged 16 to 75, were killed in Iseuk, while other massacres also occurred in the villages of Myçybabë, Kurbali, Ilincë, Sefer, Maxhere, Depcë, Kokaj, Sllubicë and Gruhalia.<a href="#cite_note-:21-48">[48]</a> In Sefer alone, 25 young men from 56 households were killed, with others imprisoned in <a href="/wiki/Vranje" title="Vranje">Vranje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%A1evo" title="Preševo">Preševo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kumanovo" title="Kumanovo">Kumanovo</a>—most of whom never returned.<a href="#cite_note-:21-48">[48]</a> On December 19, 1944, the 17th Macedonian Brigade, with 1,800 soldiers, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Desivojca" title="Battle of Desivojca">advanced towards Desivojca</a>, committing acts of violence against civilians.<a href="#cite_note-Fjalësi-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-:010-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201133-34-27">[27]</a> In response, <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballists</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Mulla_Idriz_Gjilani" title="Mulla Idriz Gjilani">Mulla Idriz Gjilani</a> mobilized to assist the villagers.<a href="#cite_note-Fjalësi-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-:010-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201133-34-27">[27]</a> On December 20, they launched a coordinated attack, encircling and decimating a battalion of Partisans.<a href="#cite_note-Fjalësi-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-:010-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201133-34-27">[27]</a> The battle resulted in the complete destruction of the 17th Macedonian Brigade.<a href="#cite_note-Fjalësi-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-:010-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201133-34-27">[27]</a> By December 21, 1944, <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballists</a> reached <a href="/wiki/Prilepnica" title="Prilepnica">Përlepnica</a>, finalizing their plan to take <a href="/wiki/Gjilan" title="Gjilan">Gjilan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:21-48">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mulla_Idriz_Gjilani" title="Mulla Idriz Gjilani">Mulla Idriz Gjilani</a>, the leader of the forces from <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Pomoravlje" title="Kosovo Pomoravlje">Anamorava</a>, opposed the attack, warning that while they could seize the city, they couldn’t hold it, urging instead a guerrilla approach.<a href="#cite_note-:21-48">[48]</a> But younger leaders, inspired by prior victories, pushed forward, launching an assault on December 23.<a href="#cite_note-:21-48">[48]</a> On 23 December 1944, following this decisive victory in the <a href="/wiki/Gollak" title="Gollak">Gollak Highlands</a>, local fighters from Desivojca and other parts of <a href="/wiki/Gollak" title="Gollak">Gollak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hashania" title="Hashania">Hashania</a>, along with soldiers from Karadak under the command of Jusuf Baftjari, <a href="/wiki/Sul%C3%AB_Hotla" title="Sulë Hotla">Sylë Hotla</a> and others, marched into <a href="/wiki/Gjilan" title="Gjilan">Gjilan</a> with the aim of reclaiming the city.<a href="#cite_note-:222-28">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballists</a> managed to take control of parts of <a href="/wiki/Gjilan" title="Gjilan">Gjilan</a> early that morning, while Macedonian units and local authorities fled the battle.<a href="#cite_note-:21-48">[48]</a> However, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Partisan</a> leaders, including Vlado Popović, saw this as an opportunity to draw the resistance in, then counterattack with reinforcements from <a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferizaj" title="Ferizaj">Ferizaj</a>, which arrived by midday, turning the tide.<a href="#cite_note-:21-48">[48]</a> Realizing the strength of the incoming partisan brigades, Albanian forces withdrew to <a href="/wiki/Kamenica,_Kosovo" title="Kamenica, Kosovo">Kamenica</a>, while other <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballists</a> were forced into the Mountains.<a href="#cite_note-:21-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-:222-28">[28]</a> Partially due to the desertation of <a href="/wiki/Mulla_Idriz_Gjilani" title="Mulla Idriz Gjilani">Mulla Idriz Gjilani</a> and his forces from Anamorava.<a href="#cite_note-:21-48">[48]</a> The failed assault intensified anti-Albanian measures.<a href="#cite_note-:21-48">[48]</a> A curfew was imposed, forbidding <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a> from moving within or entering the city, and allowing Serbs and Macedonian partisans a 24-hour window for looting and violence.<a href="#cite_note-:21-48">[48]</a> Mass arrests, killings, and looting followed, targeting all ages, including women and children.<a href="#cite_note-:21-48">[48]</a> Prisoners were tortured in local facilities, often murdered by night, with city streets lined with corpses.<a href="#cite_note-:21-48">[48]</a> Violence and terror soon engulfed the villages around <a href="/wiki/Gjilan" title="Gjilan">Gjilan</a>, where Albanian casualties from clashes with Serbian and Bulgarian forces, as well as Partisan reprisals, mounted from until March 1945.<a href="#cite_note-:21-48">[48]</a> The <a href="/wiki/District_of_Gjilan" title="District of Gjilan">Gjilan region</a>, which includes parts of <a href="/wiki/Karadak_(mountain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadak (mountain)">Karadak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gollak" title="Gollak">Gollak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Pomoravlje" title="Kosovo Pomoravlje">Anamorava</a>, suffered some of <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>'s highest losses, though exact figures remain uncertain.<a href="#cite_note-:21-48">[48]</a> In the village of Çarr, on January 5, 1945, <a href="/wiki/OZNA" title="OZNA">OZNA</a> forces detained and executed 23 individuals. In <a href="/wiki/Llashtic%C3%AB" title="Llashticë">Llashticë</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karadak_(mountain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadak (mountain)">Karadak</a>, the bodies of 12 Albanian villagers who had been killed without judicial process remained unburied for 3-4 days, and an additional 10 people were reported killed in the village.<a href="#cite_note-:16-57">[57]</a> Reports indicate that similar events took place in various villages, including Shipashnicë, Hogosht, Kopërnicë, Vruçec, <a href="/wiki/Livo%C3%A7_i_Ul%C3%ABt" title="Livoç i Ulët">Livoç i Ulët</a>, Tërpezë, Koretin, <a href="/wiki/Livo%C3%A7_i_Ep%C3%ABrm" title="Livoç i Epërm">Livoç i Epërm</a>, and others.<a href="#cite_note-:16-57">[57]</a> Other villages, such as Sedllar, Desivojca, Karaçevë, Kranidell, Koretinë, and Lisovicë, are also recorded as having experienced similar events.<a href="#cite_note-:16-57">[57]</a> In Lisovicë, seven family members reportedly lost their lives, and in Velegllavë, there were reports of 35 people killed, including seven women and two children.<a href="#cite_note-:16-57">[57]</a> Additional incidents were reported in Carravajkë and Stanec in Karadak, and in <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Pomoravlje" title="Kosovo Pomoravlje">Anamorava</a>, especially in <a href="/wiki/Pozharan" title="Pozharan">Pozharan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:16-57">[57]</a> Vesel Rexhepi, estimated 4,500 Albanians killed or massacred in the city of <a href="/wiki/Gjilan" title="Gjilan">Gjilan</a> alone, while Tahir Zajmi suggested nearly 8,000 deaths across the broader area—though this number is likely exaggerated.<a href="#cite_note-:21-48">[48]</a> According to the diary of an Partisan member, approximately 3,000 Albanians were killed in <a href="/wiki/Gjilan" title="Gjilan">Gjilan</a> between December 23 and 29, 1944.<a href="#cite_note-:21-48">[48]</a> Official court data from 1954, however, records 254 executions, including 245 Albanians, though this figure is considered incomplete.<a href="#cite_note-:21-48">[48]</a> A more probable estimate for the region’s casualties is between 3,000 to 4,000.<a href="#cite_note-:21-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_phase">Third phase</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak_(1941%E2%80%931951)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Third phase">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Albanian_guerilla_resistance">Albanian guerilla resistance</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak_(1941%E2%80%931951)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Albanian guerilla resistance">edit</a>]</div> In early 1945, significant Yugoslav military and paramilitary forces were deployed in Kosovo.<a href="#cite_note-:16-57">[57]</a> Initially, all eight Kosovar brigades were active in the region, alongside the 25th, 26th, and 27th brigades of the 46th Serbian Division. In addition to regular army units, rear-line military organs were also mobilized to carry out policy objectives.<a href="#cite_note-:16-57">[57]</a> These formations reportedly conducted operations across Kosovo and other Albanian-populated areas. In the Gjilan region, in the village of Çarr, on January 5, 1945, <a href="/wiki/OZNA" title="OZNA">OZNA</a> forces detained and executed 23 individuals.<a href="#cite_note-:16-57">[57]</a> In Llashticë, Karadak, the bodies of 12 Albanian villagers who had been killed without judicial process remained unburied for 3-4 days, and an additional 10 people were reported killed in the village.<a href="#cite_note-:16-57">[57]</a> Reports indicate that similar events took place in various villages, including Shipashnicë, Hogosht, Kopërnicë, Vruçec, Lower Livoq, Tërpezë, Koretin, <a href="/wiki/Livo%C3%A7_i_Ep%C3%ABrm" title="Livoç i Epërm">Livoç i Epërm</a>, and others.<a href="#cite_note-:16-57">[57]</a> Other villages, such as Sedllar, Desivojcë, Karaçevë, Kranidell, Koretinë, and Lisovicë, are also recorded as having experienced similar events. In Lisovicë, seven family members reportedly lost their lives, and in Velegllavë, there were reports of 35 people killed, including seven women and two children.<a href="#cite_note-:16-57">[57]</a> Additional incidents were reported in Carravajkë and Stanec in Karadak, and in <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Pomoravlje" title="Kosovo Pomoravlje">Anamorava</a>, especially in <a href="/wiki/Pozharan" title="Pozharan">Pozharan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:16-57">[57]</a> After the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_during_World_War_II" title="Kosovo during World War II">communist Yugoslav reoccupation of Kosovo</a>, a segment of Kosovo's nationalist military and political leaders opted to stay in the country, remaining devoted to the cause of the <a href="/wiki/Second_League_of_Prizren" title="Second League of Prizren">Second League of Prizren</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201134-35-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-:013-58">[58]</a> Following the takeover the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav army</a> inflicted severe punishment upon the population of <a href="/wiki/Skopska_Crna_Gora" title="Skopska Crna Gora">Karadak</a>, resulting in significant casualties among them.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The remaining <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballist</a> groups engaged in guerrilla warfare in <a href="/wiki/Skopska_Crna_Gora" title="Skopska Crna Gora">Karadak</a>, including those led by <a href="/wiki/Sul%C3%AB_Hotla" title="Sulë Hotla">Sylë Hotla</a>, Ali Staneci, Hetë Koka, Hasan Ali Remniku, <a href="/wiki/Jusuf_Baftjari" title="Jusuf Baftjari">Jusuf Baftjari</a>, Hajdar Malisheva, and others.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201134-35-6">[6]</a> Eventually, representatives of these groups convened at the Kopilaça Congress on August 15–16, 1945, organized by the remaining <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Ballists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kachaks" title="Kachaks">Kachaks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Skopska_Crna_Gora" title="Skopska Crna Gora">Karadak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201134-35-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-:011-60">[60]</a> During the congress, Albanian leaders pledged to continue fighting against the communist occupiers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201134-35-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-:012-61">[61]</a> However, in October 1945, Albanian Ballists in <a href="/wiki/Skopska_Crna_Gora" title="Skopska Crna Gora">Karadak</a> received a letter from <a href="/wiki/Muharrem_Bajraktari" title="Muharrem Bajraktari">Muharrem Bajraktari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mid%27hat_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Mid'hat Frashëri">Mid'hat Frashëri</a>, urging them to flee to <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201134-35-6">[6]</a> In response, <a href="/wiki/Mulla_Idriz_Gjilani" title="Mulla Idriz Gjilani">Mulla Idriz Gjilani</a> intervened, advising the resistance units not to abandon <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> but to persist in the fight.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201134-35-6">[6]</a> By the end of 1946, Yugoslav authorities initiated a comprehensive military operation against Albanian Resistance forces across <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>. Despite this crackdown, only 36 rebels, mostly from <a href="/wiki/Skopska_Crna_Gora" title="Skopska Crna Gora">Karadak</a>, out of 1,735 fighters distributed among 55 guerrilla groups, survived and continued the resistance beyond March 1947.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201134-35-6">[6]</a> After numerous failed operations to capture or eliminate Jusuf Baftjari and his <a href="/wiki/Cheta_(armed_group)" title="Cheta (armed group)">Cheta</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a> turned to treachery.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201135-62">[62]</a> Vojo Vojvodić, a Montenegrin leader of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a>, assured <a href="/wiki/Jusuf_Baftjari" title="Jusuf Baftjari">Jusuf Baftjari</a> that if he surrendered, he would face imprisonment under the Amnesty Law, rather than execution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201135-62">[62]</a> The relentless torture inflicted by the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a> on their families and friends, along with the discovery of their hideouts, became unbearable.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201135-62">[62]</a> Even <a href="/wiki/Jusuf_Baftjari" title="Jusuf Baftjari">Jusuf Baftjari</a>, realizing that all possibilities for continued resistance were closing, surrendered togetether with his two sons, Selim and Qazim, in <a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uglara_(Gjilan)" class="extiw" title="sq:Uglara (Gjilan)">Uglar</a> on February 20, 1947.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201135-62">[62]</a> Daut Xhelili of Pogragjë, a former activist, recalled being present when the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a> brought Jusuf Baftjari to <a href="/wiki/Pogragj%C3%AB,_Gjilan" title="Pogragjë, Gjilan">Pogragjë</a>, noting that he refused to surrender his rifle and kissed its barrel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201135-62">[62]</a> Addressing Vojvodić, Jusuf Baftjari explained his surrender, citing Vojvodić's Montenegrin heritage and the trust that should be inherent in a Montenegrin's word, implying that without this trust, the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Partisans</a> would not have captured him alive.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201135-62">[62]</a> Shortly after however, Jusuf Baftjari was sentenced to death by the Yugoslav court in <a href="/wiki/Gjilan" title="Gjilan">Gjilan</a> and was executed on July 17, 1948.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201135-62">[62]</a> Historical accounts from both Albanian and Yugoslav communist sources indicate that the Albanian national resistance in the <a href="/wiki/Karadak_(mountain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadak (mountain)">Karadak region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kumanovo" title="Kumanovo">Kumanovo</a> was one of the last to be suppressed in <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Macedonia" title="Socialist Republic of Macedonia">Macedonia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-4">[4]</a> This armed resistance is linked to <a href="/wiki/Sul%C3%AB_Hotla" title="Sulë Hotla">Sylë Hotla</a> and eight of his closest associates.<a href="#cite_note-:5-4">[4]</a> Among them were Ali Sylë Staneci, Sami Shabedini from Orizarja, Hamzë Bilalli from Bellanoca with his son Arifi, and four brothers from Breza, the sons of Ajet Emin: Aliu, Shefkiu, Iseni, and Rasimi.<a href="#cite_note-:5-4">[4]</a> These nine individuals ultimately fell into an ambush set by <a href="/wiki/OZNA" title="OZNA">OZNA</a> on <a href="/wiki/Baba_(North_Macedonia)" title="Baba (North Macedonia)">Mount Pelister</a>, near the Yugoslav-Greek Border on October 11, 1947.<a href="#cite_note-:5-4">[4]</a> In early October 1951, the state security service of Yugoslavia (<a href="/wiki/State_Security_Administration_(Yugoslavia)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Security Administration (Yugoslavia)">UDBA</a>) planned to liquidate Hasan Remniku and Mustafa Kokaj, the last of the Ballist and Kachak rebel leaders.<a href="#cite_note-:7-63">[63]</a> UDBA agents were sent, posing as people who would help smuggle Kokaj and Remniku across the border into Albania. On October 6, 1951, on their way to Albania, the rebel leaders ran into a well prepared ambush set up by Yugoslav forces. Fighting between the Yugoslav and <a href="/wiki/Ballist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballist">Ballist</a> forces lasted three days, in which Kokaj and Remniku and most of their soldiers were killed.<a href="#cite_note-:8-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak_(1941%E2%80%931951)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Aftermath">edit</a>]</div> Following the quelling of the uprising, Yugoslav forces began targeting the Albanian population in <a href="/wiki/Skopska_Crna_Gora" title="Skopska Crna Gora">Karadak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Pomoravlje" title="Kosovo Pomoravlje">Anamorava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gollak" title="Gollak">Gollak</a>. In all about 1,200 Albanians were massacred by the Yugoslav forces.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak_(1941%E2%80%931951)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/nijaziramadani9/docs/beteja_e_rek__s_rainc__s">"Beteja e rekës raincës by Nijazi Ramadani - Issuu"</a>. issuu.com. 9 June 2015. 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Republic of Kosovo, Municipality of Gjilan: 56–59. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Municipality+of+Kosovo&rft.atitle=FJAL%C3%8BSI+I+EMRAVE+T%C3%8B+PERSONALITETEVE+DHE+NGJARJEVE+NGA+TERRITORI+I+KOMUN%C3%8BS+S%C3%8B+GJILANIT+DHE+T%C3%8BR%C3%8BSIA+ETNIKE+SHQIPTARE%2C+POR+EDHE+NGA+BOTA&rft.pages=56-59&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkk.rks-gov.net%2Fgjilan%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F11%2F2017%2F10%2FPersonalitete-dhe-Ngjarje-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramadani1-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ramadani1_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ramadani1_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ramadani1_21-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ramadani1_21-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamadani" class="citation web cs1">Ramadani, Nijazi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/15013345">"Beteja e Kikes"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beteja+e+Kikes&rft.aulast=Ramadani&rft.aufirst=Nijazi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F15013345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:18-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:18_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:18_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:18_22-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:18_22-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFmediafokus2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">mediafokus (2021-08-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mediafokus.info/77-vjet-nga-beteja-e-lavdishme-e-kikes-dokumentar/">"77 vjet nga Beteja e lavdishme e Kikës (Dokumentar)"</a>. Mediafokus (in Albanian). Retrieved 2024-07-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mediafokus&rft.atitle=77+vjet+nga+Beteja+e+lavdishme+e+Kik%C3%ABs+%28Dokumentar%29&rft.date=2021-08-02&rft.au=mediafokus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmediafokus.info%2F77-vjet-nga-beteja-e-lavdishme-e-kikes-dokumentar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pirraku-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pirraku_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pirraku_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pirraku_23-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPirraku1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pirraku, Muhamet (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2nf6NAEACAAJ">Mulla Idris Gjilani dhe mbrojtja kombëtare e Kosovës Lindore: 1941-1951</a> (in Albanian). "Dituria Islame" redaksia e botimeve historike.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mulla+Idris+Gjilani+dhe+mbrojtja+komb%C3%ABtare+e+Kosov%C3%ABs+Lindore%3A+1941-1951&rft.pub=%22Dituria+Islame%22+redaksia+e+botimeve+historike&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Pirraku&rft.aufirst=Muhamet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2nf6NAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rajonipress.com/nazim-sejde-budrika-komandant-i-betejes-se-kikes/">"Nazim Sejdë Budrika - Komandant i Betejës së Kikës"</a>. Gazetë Rajonale Online - RajoniPress.com (in Albanian). 2021-11-07. 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Botimet Ngjyrat e kohës. p. 292. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9928-4327-4-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-9928-4327-4-2"><bdi>978-9928-4327-4-2</bdi></a>. <q>Beteja e Kikës u zhvillua më 26 korrik 1944, kur në befasi partizanët, pas mesit të natës, ia mësynë pozicioneve shqiptare. Shqiptarët ishin mobilizuar dhe tani më të përgatitur arritën që të zmbrapsin komunistët serbë, të cilëve u shkaktuan humbje të mëdha. Këto dy luftëra të suksesëshme i bënë vullnetarët shqiptarë më të fuqishëm moralisht. Numri i gadimasve në këto luftime arriti mbi 150 veta.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adem+Gllavica+%28Selimi%29+tregon%3A+%28me+rastin+e+100+vjetorit+t%C3%AB+lindjes%29&rft.pages=292&rft.pub=Botimet+Ngjyrat+e+koh%C3%ABs&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-9928-4327-4-2&rft.aulast=Selimi&rft.aufirst=Bardhyl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJwgWxgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamadani" class="citation book cs1">Ramadani, Nijazi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/15013323">Beteja e Rekës Raincës</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beteja+e+Rek%C3%ABs+Rainc%C3%ABs&rft.aulast=Ramadani&rft.aufirst=Nijazi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F15013323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201133-34-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelmani201133-34_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelmani201133-34_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelmani201133-34_27-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelmani201133-34_27-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelmani201133-34_27-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelmani201133-34_27-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelmani201133-34_27-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelmani201133-34_27-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelmani201133-34_27-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelmani201133-34_27-9">j</a> <a href="#CITEREFSelmani2011">Selmani 2011</a>, p. 33-34. </li> <li id="cite_note-:222-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:222_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:222_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:222_28-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:222_28-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rajonipress.com/koncepti-i-hoxhe-lipovices-ishte-i-qarte-dhe-i-thjeshte-per-shqiperi-etnike-dhe-per-bashkim-kombetar/">"Koncepti i Hoxhë Lipovicës ishte i qartë dhe i thjeshtë - për Shqipëri Etnike dhe për bashkim kombëtar"</a>. Gazetë Rajonale Online - RajoniPress.com (in Albanian). 2020-03-09. Retrieved 2024-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gazet%C3%AB+Rajonale+Online+-+RajoniPress.com&rft.atitle=Koncepti+i+Hoxh%C3%AB+Lipovic%C3%ABs+ishte+i+qart%C3%AB+dhe+i+thjesht%C3%AB+-+p%C3%ABr+Shqip%C3%ABri+Etnike+dhe+p%C3%ABr+bashkim+komb%C3%ABtar&rft.date=2020-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frajonipress.com%2Fkoncepti-i-hoxhe-lipovices-ishte-i-qarte-dhe-i-thjeshte-per-shqiperi-etnike-dhe-per-bashkim-kombetar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaugg2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zaugg, Franziska (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LBpNjwEACAAJ">Albanische Muslime in der Waffen-SS: von "Grossalbanien" zur Division "Skanderbeg"</a> (in German). Ferdinand Schöningh. pp. 169–170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-506-78436-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-506-78436-0"><bdi>978-3-506-78436-0</bdi></a>. <q>Ganz anders berichtete der Divisionskommandeur der »Skanderbeg«, Schmidhuber. Nach seinen Angaben hatten die Albaner bei der Räumung Makedoniens durch Bulgarien die Gelegenheit genutzt und ihre »Sicherungs- (nicht Landes-) Grenzen bis zum Bereich ihres eigenen Volkstums nach Südosten hinausgescho ben bis unmittelbar vor SKOPLJE, von dort bis KUMANOVO – PRESEVO – BUJANOVCE. Zudem stellte Schmidhuber bei den Albanern einen »Abwehrwillen gegen die bulgarischen Eindringlinge« fest und dass »bei dem Hass gegen die Bulgaren [...] ein zäher Abwehrkampf zu erwarten« sei.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albanische+Muslime+in+der+Waffen-SS%3A+von+%22Grossalbanien%22+zur+Division+%22Skanderbeg%22&rft.pages=169-170&rft.pub=Ferdinand+Sch%C3%B6ningh&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-3-506-78436-0&rft.aulast=Zaugg&rft.aufirst=Franziska&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLBpNjwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-danas3-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-danas3_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-danas3_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.danas.rs/zivot/sta-bi-danas-rekao-abdulah-krasnica/">"Šta bi danas rekao Abdulah Krašnica - Život - Dnevni list Danas"</a> (in Serbian). 2010-12-12. Retrieved 2023-03-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C5%A0ta+bi+danas+rekao+Abdulah+Kra%C5%A1nica+-+%C5%BDivot+-+Dnevni+list+Danas&rft.date=2010-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.danas.rs%2Fzivot%2Fsta-bi-danas-rekao-abdulah-krasnica%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:09-31"><a href="#cite_ref-:09_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIseni2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Iseni, Ndricim (11 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ikvi.at/?p=6731">"Sulë Hotla (1875-1947), Një Jetë Për Shqipërinë"</a>. Bashkimi i Shqiperise (in Albanian). Retrieved 2022-09-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bashkimi+i+Shqiperise&rft.atitle=Sul%C3%AB+Hotla+%281875-1947%29%2C+Nj%C3%AB+Jet%C3%AB+P%C3%ABr+Shqip%C3%ABrin%C3%AB&rft.date=2019-05-11&rft.aulast=Iseni&rft.aufirst=Ndricim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ikvi.at%2F%3Fp%3D6731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:14_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHnilicka1970" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hnilicka, Karl (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1-JmAAAAMAAJ&q=Die+milit%C3%A4rische+R%C3%A4umung+Jugoslawiens+durch+die+deutsche+Wehrmacht+1944/4+5">Das Ende auf dem Balkan 1944/45. Die militärische Räumung Jugoslaviens durch die deutsche Wehrmacht</a> (in German). University of Michigan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7881-1414-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7881-1414-5"><bdi>978-3-7881-1414-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2024-08-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Ende+auf+dem+Balkan+1944%2F45.+Die+milit%C3%A4rische+R%C3%A4umung+Jugoslaviens+durch+die+deutsche+Wehrmacht.&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-3-7881-1414-5&rft.aulast=Hnilicka&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1-JmAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DDie%2Bmilit%25C3%25A4rische%2BR%25C3%25A4umung%2BJugoslawiens%2Bdurch%2Bdie%2Bdeutsche%2BWehrmacht%2B1944%2F4%2B5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_33-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_33-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_33-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_33-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_33-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_33-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_33-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArifi2022" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Arifi, Fejzulla (2022-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/121118097">"Emërndriturit e Sllupçanit..."</a> Emërndriturit e Sllupçanit, Halid efendiu, Mulla Sadiku dhe Mumin efendiu (in Albanian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Em%C3%ABrndriturit+e+Sllup%C3%A7anit%2C+Halid+efendiu%2C+Mulla+Sadiku+dhe+Mumin+efendiu&rft.atitle=Em%C3%ABrndriturit+e+Sllup%C3%A7anit...&rft.date=2022-01-01&rft.aulast=Arifi&rft.aufirst=Fejzulla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F121118097&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_34-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalimi2014" class="citation journal cs1">Halimi, Naim (2014). "MASAKRAT PARTIZANO-ÇETNIKE NË KARADAK NË MBARIM TË LUFTËS SË DYTË BOTËRORE". Studime Albanologjike. ITSH: 145, 148. <q>." Një makër tjetër tmerruese ndaj burrave, pleqve, grave dhe fëmijëve shqiptarë u bë në fshatin Sopot të Kumanovës. Vrasjet nga partizano-çetnikobullgarët u bënë disa ditë në grupe, ndërsa ploja më e madhe ndodhi më 3 e 4 nëntor 1944. Bajram Latifi, Liman Limani dhe Xhevaire Limani, dëshmitarë të masakrës, që i shpëtuan vdekjes, kujtojnë se: me këtë rast janë vrarë dhe masakruar në forma të ndryshme çnjerëzore 64 shqiptarë të fshatit Sopot dhe 4 mysafirë të fshatrave tjerë, gjithsej 68, nga fëmija 11 vjeç deri te plaku 95- vjeçar. Këta dhe dëshmitarët tjerë i tregojnë me emër të vrarët dhe vrastarët. Sipas tyre, të vrarët ishin: Ramadan, Bajram, Esat, Edip, Sahit, Shefki e Riza Saliu, Mustafë Memeti, Mejdi, Abdzl, Shabi, Kadri e Haki Agushi, Fejzulla, Jusuf, Azem, Adem, Bajram, Hasip, Osman, Sali, Baki, Ibrahim, Shaip, Faik, Femi, Nazmi, Niazi, Xhemal, Qemal e Orhan Sylejmani, Memedali, Durmish, Munish, Shukri, Ahmet, Aliriza e Ruzhdi Limani, Halim, Murat e Xhavit Ademi, Xhemailk, Selver, Hamzi, Naip e Agush Latifi, Ramadan e Zeqir Emini, Sejdi, Hysen, Ramadan e Rexhep Sejdiu, Halim, Qazim, Rexhep, Halim B., Rexhep Jetimi, Ibrahim Makolli, Sahit, Ramadan, Hajdin e Ramiz Jaka, Nuredin Iseni, Eshtref Esati, Haxh Bakiu, si dhe bariu nga fshati Shtrezoc, Zija Zymberi." "Kështu veproi edhe Brigada XVII Maqedonase, e cila pas masakrës së Sopotit, kaloi në malësinë e Kumanovës"</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studime+Albanologjike&rft.atitle=MASAKRAT+PARTIZANO-%C3%87ETNIKE+N%C3%8B+KARADAK+N%C3%8B+MBARIM+T%C3%8B+LUFT%C3%8BS+S%C3%8B+DYT%C3%8B+BOT%C3%8BRORE&rft.pages=145%2C+148&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Halimi&rft.aufirst=Naim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_35-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_35-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFtitulli.com" class="citation web cs1">titulli.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.titulli.com/lufta-e-p%C3%ABrgjakur-m%C3%AB-19-n%C3%ABntor-1944-dit%C3%ABn-e-bajramit-n%C3%AB-preshev%C3%AB">"Lufta e përgjakur më 19 nëntor 1944, ditën e Bajramit në Preshevë"</a>. www.titulli.com. Retrieved 2024-10-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.titulli.com&rft.atitle=Lufta+e+p%C3%ABrgjakur+m%C3%AB+19+n%C3%ABntor+1944%2C+dit%C3%ABn+e+Bajramit+n%C3%AB+Preshev%C3%AB&rft.au=titulli.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.titulli.com%2Flufta-e-p%25C3%25ABrgjakur-m%25C3%25AB-19-n%25C3%25ABntor-1944-dit%25C3%25ABn-e-bajramit-n%25C3%25AB-preshev%25C3%25AB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kosovari34-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kosovari34_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kosovari34_36-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kosovari34_36-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKosovari" class="citation book cs1">Kosovari. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/dituria254">dituria254</a>. p. 34. <q>Keshtu, ne diten e Bajramit, me 19 shtator 1944, sulmuan forcat partizane dhe hyne ne Luginen e Rainces, por pas me shume se 12 ore luftimesh te ashpra, u thy en nga forcat vullnetare te komanduara nga Hoxhe Lipovica me te tjere. Ngs luftimet mbeten te vrare mbi 100 partizano-cetnike dhe u zu rob nje batalion i Brigades se Dyte te Kosoves prej 206 vetash.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=dituria254&rft.pages=34&rft.au=Kosovari&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdituria254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-presheva.al-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-presheva.al_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-presheva.al_37-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://presheva.al/2015/01/rrustem-beluli-me-bombe-ne-xhami-per/">"Rrustem Beluli me bombë në xhami për Shqipëri Etnike!"</a>. PRESHEVA.AL. 2015-01-13. Retrieved 2023-12-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PRESHEVA.AL&rft.atitle=Rrustem+Beluli+me+bomb%C3%AB+n%C3%AB+xhami+p%C3%ABr+Shqip%C3%ABri+Etnike%21&rft.date=2015-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpresheva.al%2F2015%2F01%2Frrustem-beluli-me-bombe-ne-xhami-per%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:42-38"><a href="#cite_ref-:42_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiddiscombe2006" class="citation book cs1">Biddiscombe, Prof Perry (2006-11-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jsU7AwAAQBAJ&dq=drenica+uprising+1945&pg=PT202">The SS Hunter Battalions: The Hidden History of the Nazi Resistance Movement 1944-45</a>. The History Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-9645-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-9645-0"><bdi>978-0-7524-9645-0</bdi></a>. <q>A British report suggested that insurgents overran the Yugoslav 17th Brigade near Presevo, killing 1,500 Titoist soldiers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+SS+Hunter+Battalions%3A+The+Hidden+History+of+the+Nazi+Resistance+Movement+1944-45&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2006-11-15&rft.isbn=978-0-7524-9645-0&rft.aulast=Biddiscombe&rft.aufirst=Prof+Perry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjsU7AwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Ddrenica%2Buprising%2B1945%26pg%3DPT202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:17_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_39-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArifi2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Arifi, Feri (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4qVZswEACAAJ">Tanusha në rrjedhat e historisë</a> (in Albanian). ArbëriaDesign. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-608-236-029-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-608-236-029-4"><bdi>978-608-236-029-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tanusha+n%C3%AB+rrjedhat+e+historis%C3%AB&rft.pub=Arb%C3%ABriaDesign&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-608-236-029-4&rft.aulast=Arifi&rft.aufirst=Feri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4qVZswEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-40"><a href="#cite_ref-:02_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIseni2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Iseni, Ndricim (11 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ikvi.at/?p=6731">"Sulë Hotla (1875-1947), Një Jetë Për Shqipërinë"</a>. Bashkimi i Shqiperise (in Albanian). Retrieved 2022-09-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bashkimi+i+Shqiperise&rft.atitle=Sul%C3%AB+Hotla+%281875-1947%29%2C+Nj%C3%AB+Jet%C3%AB+P%C3%ABr+Shqip%C3%ABrin%C3%AB&rft.date=2019-05-11&rft.aulast=Iseni&rft.aufirst=Ndricim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ikvi.at%2F%3Fp%3D6731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-41"><a href="#cite_ref-:12_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBechev2019" class="citation book cs1">Bechev, Dimitar (2019-09-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5OSdDwAAQBAJ&dq=sule+hotla&pg=PA139">Historical Dictionary of North Macedonia</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-1962-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-1962-4"><bdi>978-1-5381-1962-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+North+Macedonia&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2019-09-03&rft.isbn=978-1-5381-1962-4&rft.aulast=Bechev&rft.aufirst=Dimitar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5OSdDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dsule%2Bhotla%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Die Offensive der bulgarischen Divisionen, die gut ausgerüstet mit Unterstützung zahlreicher Panzer und Jagdflugzeuge deutscher Herkunft im Raum Skoplje angreifen, zwingt die deutschen Kräfte zur Rückzugsbewegung in die östlichen Seitentäler. In der Nacht vom 11./12. November 1944 wird Skoplje von der Heeresgruppe E geräumt.For more see: Janusz Piekałkiewicz (1984) Krieg auf dem Balkan, 1940-1945, Südwest, S. 285, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3517007900" title="Special:BookSources/3517007900">3517007900</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Germany and the Second World War. Volume VIII, The Eastern Front 1943-1944 : the war in the East and on the neighbouring fronts. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ebrary.net/116940/political_science/withdrawal_battles_macedonia">The withdrawal battles in Macedonia.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Livanios, Dimitris, The Macedonian Question: Britain and the Southern Balkans 1939-1949, Oxford University Publishing, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0191528722" title="Special:BookSources/0191528722">0191528722</a>, pp. 118-141. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Karl Hnilicka: Das Ende auf dem Balkan 1944/45 – Die militärische Räumung Jugoslaviens durch die deutsche Wehrmacht, Musterschmidt, Göttingen 1970. (Studien und Dokumente zur Geschichte des Zweiten Weltkrieges, Band 13) ìn German; pp. 90-91; 95. </li> <li id="cite_note-:332-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:332_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:332_46-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:332_46-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:332_46-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:332_46-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:332_46-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTërpeza2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tërpeza, Hysen (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cu5QtAEACAAJ">Hysen Tërpeza: një legjendë për Kosovën</a> (in Albanian). MKRSDÇJ, Departamenti i Çështjeve Jorezidente i Kosovës. pp. 37–39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9951-8611-0-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-9951-8611-0-6"><bdi>978-9951-8611-0-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hysen+T%C3%ABrpeza%3A+nj%C3%AB+legjend%C3%AB+p%C3%ABr+Kosov%C3%ABn&rft.pages=37-39&rft.pub=MKRSD%C3%87J%2C+Departamenti+i+%C3%87%C3%ABshtjeve+Jorezidente+i+Kosov%C3%ABs&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-9951-8611-0-6&rft.aulast=T%C3%ABrpeza&rft.aufirst=Hysen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dcu5QtAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201134-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelmani201134_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelmani201134_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelmani201134_47-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelmani201134_47-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFSelmani2011">Selmani 2011</a>, p. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-:21-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:21_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_48-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_48-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_48-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_48-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_48-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_48-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_48-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_48-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_48-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_48-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_48-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_48-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_48-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_48-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_48-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_48-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_48-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_48-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_48-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_48-20">u</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fondacionihasanprishtina.com/lufta-e-gjilanit-dhe-masakrat-ndaj-popullsise-shqiptare-ne-fund-te-vitit-1944-dhe-ne-fillim-te-vitit-1945/">"Lufta e Gjilanit dhe masakrat ndaj popullsisë shqiptare në fund të vitit 1944 dhe në fillim të vitit 1945 - Fondacioni Hasan Prishtina"</a>. Retrieved 2024-11-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lufta+e+Gjilanit+dhe+masakrat+ndaj+popullsis%C3%AB+shqiptare+n%C3%AB+fund+t%C3%AB+vitit+1944+dhe+n%C3%AB+fillim+t%C3%AB+vitit+1945+-+Fondacioni+Hasan+Prishtina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffondacionihasanprishtina.com%2Flufta-e-gjilanit-dhe-masakrat-ndaj-popullsise-shqiptare-ne-fund-te-vitit-1944-dhe-ne-fillim-te-vitit-1945%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:23-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:23_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:23_49-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2lonline.com/rezistenca-e-armatosur-ne-karadak-kunder-forcave-komuniste/">"Rezistenca e armatosur në Karadak kundër forcave komuniste"</a>. 2LONLINE (in Albanian). 2022-11-30. Retrieved 2024-10-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2LONLINE&rft.atitle=Rezistenca+e+armatosur+n%C3%AB+Karadak+kund%C3%ABr+forcave+komuniste&rft.date=2022-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2lonline.com%2Frezistenca-e-armatosur-ne-karadak-kunder-forcave-komuniste%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGashi2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gashi, Arber (2018-02-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ballikombetar.info/terrori-i-brigadave-komuniste-jugosllave-ndaj-shqiptareve/">"TERRORI I BRIGADAVE KOMUNISTE JUGOSLLAVE NDAJ SHQIPTARËVE"</a>. Zani i Arbërit (in Albanian). Retrieved 2024-10-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zani+i+Arb%C3%ABrit&rft.atitle=TERRORI+I+BRIGADAVE+KOMUNISTE+JUGOSLLAVE+NDAJ+SHQIPTAR%C3%8BVE&rft.date=2018-02-06&rft.aulast=Gashi&rft.aufirst=Arber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballikombetar.info%2Fterrori-i-brigadave-komuniste-jugosllave-ndaj-shqiptareve%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_51-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_51-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_51-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_51-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_51-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://memorie.al/rreth-130-140-persona-te-moshave-te-ndryshme-qe-nga-femijet-pleqte-e-te-tjere-ushtaret-e-brigades-16-te-partizane-maqedonase-filluan-ti-vrasin-masakra-e-bllaces-e/">"Rreth 130-140 persona, të moshave të ndryshme, që nga fëmijët, pleqtë e të tjerë, ushtarët e Brigadës 16-të partiz"</a>. Memorie.al (in Albanian). 2023-10-26. Retrieved 2024-10-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Memorie.al&rft.atitle=Rreth+130-140+persona%2C+t%C3%AB+moshave+t%C3%AB+ndryshme%2C+q%C3%AB+nga+f%C3%ABmij%C3%ABt%2C+pleqt%C3%AB+e+t%C3%AB+tjer%C3%AB%2C+ushtar%C3%ABt+e+Brigad%C3%ABs+16-t%C3%AB+partiz&rft.date=2023-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmemorie.al%2Frreth-130-140-persona-te-moshave-te-ndryshme-qe-nga-femijet-pleqte-e-te-tjere-ushtaret-e-brigades-16-te-partizane-maqedonase-filluan-ti-vrasin-masakra-e-bllaces-e%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Halimi146-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Halimi146_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Halimi146_52-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Halimi146_52-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Halimi146_52-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Halimi146_52-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Halimi146_52-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalimi2014" class="citation journal cs1">Halimi, Naim (2014). "MASAKRAT PARTIZANO-ÇETNIKE NË KARADAK NË MBARIM TË LUFTËS SË DYTË BOTËRORE". Studime Albanologjike. ITSH: 146. <q>." Brigada XVI Maqedonase (themeluar më 6 tetor 1944, në Malin e Zi të Shkupit, nga njerëz të brigadës 8-të dhe të XII-të të Preshevës, Bujanocit dhe Vranjës, partizan e çetnikë, serbë, malazez, maqedonas e bullgarë) e komanduar nga Glisha Sharanoviqi, nga tetori deri më 14 nëntor 1944, pasi likuidoi në fshatrat e Shkupit rreth 200 shqiptarë, nën pretekstin se kishin qenë "në shërbim të okupatorit", rrugës për Kosovë, ia mësyri fshatit Bllacë për ta masakruar. Më 1 nëntor 1944 pasi i tuboi të gjithë fshatarët në mesin e fshatit (e ndihmuar edhe nga partizania e Shkupit, Qefser Hasan Shukri) dhe ua mblodhi armët që kishin për ruajtjen e shtëpive dhe të pasurive nga plaçkitës të ndryshëm, grupe(3), grupe,120 bllacas të moshave të ndryshme i pushkatoi te Uji i Tharptë, afër Hanit të Elezit."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studime+Albanologjike&rft.atitle=MASAKRAT+PARTIZANO-%C3%87ETNIKE+N%C3%8B+KARADAK+N%C3%8B+MBARIM+T%C3%8B+LUFT%C3%8BS+S%C3%8B+DYT%C3%8B+BOT%C3%8BRORE&rft.pages=146&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Halimi&rft.aufirst=Naim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:20-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:20_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:20_53-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:20_53-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:20_53-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:20_53-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:20_53-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCulaj2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Culaj, Lush (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vlotAQAAIAAJ&q=Brigada+maqedone+XVI">Shqiptarët në gjysmën e parë të shekullit XX</a> (in Albanian). Instituti Albanologjik i Prishtinës. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9951-411-15-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-9951-411-15-8"><bdi>978-9951-411-15-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shqiptar%C3%ABt+n%C3%AB+gjysm%C3%ABn+e+par%C3%AB+t%C3%AB+shekullit+XX&rft.pub=Instituti+Albanologjik+i+Prishtin%C3%ABs&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-9951-411-15-8&rft.aulast=Culaj&rft.aufirst=Lush&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvlotAQAAIAAJ%26q%3DBrigada%2Bmaqedone%2BXVI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:010-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:010_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:010_54-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:010_54-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:010_54-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:010_54-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:010_54-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvanov1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ivanov, Pavle Dželetović (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wThnAAAAMAAJ&q=desivojca+1944">21. SS-divizija Skenderbeg</a> (in Bosnian). Nova Knjiga. p. 252. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-86-7335-044-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-86-7335-044-8"><bdi>978-86-7335-044-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=21.+SS-divizija+Skenderbeg&rft.pages=252&rft.pub=Nova+Knjiga&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-86-7335-044-8&rft.aulast=Ivanov&rft.aufirst=Pavle+D%C5%BEeletovi%C4%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwThnAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Ddesivojca%2B1944&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_55-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_55-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelimi2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Selimi, Bardhyl (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JwgWxgEACAAJ">Adem Gllavica (Selimi) tregon: (me rastin e 100 vjetorit të lindjes)</a> (in Albanian). Botimet Ngjyrat e kohës. p. 336. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9928-4327-4-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-9928-4327-4-2"><bdi>978-9928-4327-4-2</bdi></a>. <q>Në Kuvendin e Tërpezës Mulla Idriz Gjilani erdhi me autorizime të plota të drejtuesve të grupeve guerilje: Xheladin Kurbalisë, Sylë Zarbincës, Faik Tahirit, Shyt Marecit, Ajet Kosovicës, Qazim Zekëbashës, Ajet Raincës, Sylë Hotlës, Ymer Saçës dhe Hoxhë Lipovicës. Në Kuvendin e Tërpezës, si përfaqësues i viseve që i përfaqësonte Mulla Idrizi, ishte edhe Muharrem Fejza i Hogoshit, i cili në Kuvend vinte me përfaqësuseit e Kaçanikut dhe ish sekretarin e Komunsë së Velekincës, Ndue Pepën. Në përcjellje të personaliteteve politike e ushtarake drejtuese në Tërpezë arritën rreth 400 luftëtarë të armatosur.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adem+Gllavica+%28Selimi%29+tregon%3A+%28me+rastin+e+100+vjetorit+t%C3%AB+lindjes%29&rft.pages=336&rft.pub=Botimet+Ngjyrat+e+koh%C3%ABs&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-9928-4327-4-2&rft.aulast=Selimi&rft.aufirst=Bardhyl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJwgWxgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_56-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_56-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_56-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVuković1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vuković, Ilija (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xZ4MAAAAIAAJ&q=desivojca+1944">Autonomaštvo i separatizam na Kosovu</a> (in Bosnian). RO "Nova knj.". p. 215.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autonoma%C5%A1tvo+i+separatizam+na+Kosovu&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=RO+%22Nova+knj.%22&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Vukovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Ilija&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxZ4MAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Ddesivojca%2B1944&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:16-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:16_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_57-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_57-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_57-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_57-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_57-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_57-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_57-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_57-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_57-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_57-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_57-11">l</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSylaHoti2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Syla, Sabit; Hoti, Izber (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sSeQswEACAAJ">Ripushtimi jugosllav i viseve shqiptare dhe lufta e Drenicës: (1944/1945)</a> (in Albanian). Instituti i Historisë "Ali Hadri". <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9951-409-57-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-9951-409-57-5"><bdi>978-9951-409-57-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ripushtimi+jugosllav+i+viseve+shqiptare+dhe+lufta+e+Drenic%C3%ABs%3A+%281944%2F1945%29&rft.pub=Instituti+i+Historis%C3%AB+%22Ali+Hadri%22&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-9951-409-57-5&rft.aulast=Syla&rft.aufirst=Sabit&rft.au=Hoti%2C+Izber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsSeQswEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:013-58"><a href="#cite_ref-:013_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIseni2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Iseni, Ndricim (11 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ikvi.at/?p=6731">"Sulë Hotla (1875-1947), Një Jetë Për Shqipërinë"</a>. Bashkimi i Shqiperise (in Albanian). Retrieved 2022-09-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bashkimi+i+Shqiperise&rft.atitle=Sul%C3%AB+Hotla+%281875-1947%29%2C+Nj%C3%AB+Jet%C3%AB+P%C3%ABr+Shqip%C3%ABrin%C3%AB&rft.date=2019-05-11&rft.aulast=Iseni&rft.aufirst=Ndricim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ikvi.at%2F%3Fp%3D6731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewin" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lewin, Erwin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.fes.de/jbzg/2009/erwin_lewin.pdf">Dokumente zum antifaschistischen Widerstand in Kosova: Die Konferenz von Bujan (31.12.1943-2.1.1944)</a> (PDF) (in German). p. 119. <q>Die nach Vergeltung rufenden Gewehre hallten in den Bergen, Dörfern und Städten wieder. Die Abteilungen von Partisanen und Freiwilligen, angeführt von Fadil Hoxha und weiteren militärischen Führern, fügten den faschistischen Eroberern und den Verrätern im Innern schwere Verluste zu (in Karadaku i Shkupit, Cernaleva, Shëmri, Shar, Gjakova, Prizren, Peja, Ferizaj, Prishtina, Dibra, Peshkopia, Kërçova usw.).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dokumente+zum+antifaschistischen+Widerstand+in+Kosova%3A+Die+Konferenz+von+Bujan+%2831.12.1943-2.1.1944%29&rft.pages=119&rft.aulast=Lewin&rft.aufirst=Erwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.fes.de%2Fjbzg%2F2009%2Ferwin_lewin.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:011-60"><a href="#cite_ref-:011_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIseni2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Iseni, Ndricim (11 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ikvi.at/?p=6731">"Sulë Hotla (1875-1947), Një Jetë Për Shqipërinë"</a>. Bashkimi i Shqiperise (in Albanian). Retrieved 2022-09-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bashkimi+i+Shqiperise&rft.atitle=Sul%C3%AB+Hotla+%281875-1947%29%2C+Nj%C3%AB+Jet%C3%AB+P%C3%ABr+Shqip%C3%ABrin%C3%AB&rft.date=2019-05-11&rft.aulast=Iseni&rft.aufirst=Ndricim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ikvi.at%2F%3Fp%3D6731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:012-61"><a href="#cite_ref-:012_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIseni2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Iseni, Ndricim (11 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ikvi.at/?p=6731">"Sulë Hotla (1875-1947), Një Jetë Për Shqipërinë"</a>. Bashkimi i Shqiperise (in Albanian). Retrieved 2022-09-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bashkimi+i+Shqiperise&rft.atitle=Sul%C3%AB+Hotla+%281875-1947%29%2C+Nj%C3%AB+Jet%C3%AB+P%C3%ABr+Shqip%C3%ABrin%C3%AB&rft.date=2019-05-11&rft.aulast=Iseni&rft.aufirst=Ndricim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ikvi.at%2F%3Fp%3D6731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESelmani201135-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelmani201135_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelmani201135_62-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelmani201135_62-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelmani201135_62-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelmani201135_62-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelmani201135_62-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelmani201135_62-6">g</a> <a href="#CITEREFSelmani2011">Selmani 2011</a>, p. 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-63"><a href="#cite_ref-:7_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ballikombetar.info/balle-per-balle-me-udb-ne-si-u-likuidua-hasan-remniku/">""Ballë për ballë me UDB-në", si u likuidua Hasan Remniku"</a>. 14 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Ball%C3%AB+p%C3%ABr+ball%C3%AB+me+UDB-n%C3%AB%22%2C+si+u+likuidua+Hasan+Remniku&rft.date=2016-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballikombetar.info%2Fballe-per-balle-me-udb-ne-si-u-likuidua-hasan-remniku%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNijaZi2020" class="citation book cs1">NijaZi, Ramadani (2020). Shtegtim në histori – I / Nijazi Ramadani . – Gjilan : Rrjedha, 2020.–libra ; 21 cm. [Libri] I. – (Gjilani në rezistencën kombëtare në juglindje të Kosovës 1941–1951) : (studim dokumentar monografik) – 295 f.ISBN 978-9951-453-24-0. Gjilan: 2020. pp. 277–281. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9951-453-24-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-9951-453-24-0"><bdi>978-9951-453-24-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shtegtim+n%C3%AB+histori+%E2%80%93+I+%2F+Nijazi+Ramadani+.+%E2%80%93+Gjilan+%3A+Rrjedha%2C+2020.%E2%80%93libra+%3B+21+cm.+%5BLibri%5D+I.+%E2%80%93+%28Gjilani+n%C3%AB+rezistenc%C3%ABn+komb%C3%ABtare+n%C3%AB+juglindje+t%C3%AB+Kosov%C3%ABs+1941%E2%80%931951%29+%3A+%28studim+dokumentar+monografik%29+%E2%80%93+295+f.ISBN+978-9951-453-24-0&rft.place=Gjilan&rft.pages=277-281&rft.pub=2020&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-9951-453-24-0&rft.aulast=NijaZi&rft.aufirst=Ramadani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgency_in_Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak_(1941%E2%80%931951)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPirraku1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pirraku, Muhamet (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2nf6NAEACAAJ">Mulla Idris Gjilani dhe mbrojtja kombëtare e Kosovës Lindore: 1941-1951</a> (in Albanian). "Dituria Islame" redaksia e botimeve historike.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mulla+Idris+Gjilani+dhe+mbrojtja+komb%C3%ABtare+e+Kosov%C3%ABs+Lindore%3A+1941-1951&rft.pub=%22Dituria+Islame%22+redaksia+e+botimeve+historike&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Pirraku&rft.aufirst=Muhamet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2nf6NAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelmendi2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kelmendi, Ibrahim (2006). Një shtyllë e Kosovës quhet Preshevë (in Albanian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nj%C3%AB+shtyll%C3%AB+e+Kosov%C3%ABs+quhet+Preshev%C3%AB&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Kelmendi&rft.aufirst=Ibrahim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelmani2011" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Selmani, Aliriza (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/dituria254">Gjithkund ne Kosove solemnisht u kremtua festa e Fiter - Bajramit</a> (in Albanian), Dituria Islame, retrieved 2023-11-12</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gjithkund+ne+Kosove+solemnisht+u+kremtua+festa+e+Fiter+-+Bajramit&rft.pub=Dituria+Islame&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Selmani&rft.aufirst=Aliriza&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdituria254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurgency+in+Karadak%E2%80%93Gollak+%281941%E2%80%931951%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="Template:World War II in Yugoslavia"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="Template talk:World War II in Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War II in Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II in Yugoslavia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1941</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li>Uprising in Bosnia and Herzegovina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_1941_Sanski_Most_revolt" title="May 1941 Sanski Most revolt">May 1941 Sanski Most revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1941_uprising_in_eastern_Herzegovina" title="June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina">June uprising in eastern Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rogatica_(1941)" title="Siege of Rogatica (1941)">Siege of Rogatica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Olovo_(1941)" title="Capture of Olovo (1941)">Olovo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Serbia_(1941)" title="Uprising in Serbia (1941)">Uprising in Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loznica_(1941)" title="Battle of Loznica (1941)">Battle of Loznica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Banja_Kovilja%C4%8Da" title="Capture of Banja Koviljača">Battle of Banja Koviljača</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_%C5%A0abac" title="Attack on Šabac">Attack on Šabac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%8Dva_operation" title="Mačva operation">Mačva operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tre%C5%A1njica" title="Battle of Trešnjica">Battle of Trešnjica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Kru%C5%A1evac" title="Attack on Kruševac">Kruševac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kraljevo" title="Siege of Kraljevo">Kraljevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uzice" title="Operation Uzice">Operation Uzice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mihailovic" title="Operation Mihailovic">Operation Mihailovic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novi_Pazar" title="Battle of Novi Pazar">Novi Pazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sjenica_(1941)" title="Battle of Sjenica (1941)">Sjenica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Montenegro_(1941)" title="Uprising in Montenegro (1941)">Uprising in Montenegro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pljevlja" title="Battle of Pljevlja">Battle of Pljevlja</a></li></ul></li> <li>Uprising in Croatia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Partisans#History" title="Croatian Partisans">Croatian Partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srb_uprising" title="Srb uprising">Srb uprising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karadak-Gollak_Uprising_(1941%E2%80%931951)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadak-Gollak Uprising (1941–1951)">Karadak-Gollak Uprising (1941–1951)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1942</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Southeast_Croatia" title="Operation Southeast Croatia">Operations Southeast Croatia and Ozren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Trio" title="Operation Trio">Operation Trio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetnik_sabotage_of_Axis_communication_lines" title="Chetnik sabotage of Axis communication lines">Chetnik sabotage of Axis communication lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozara_Offensive" title="Kozara Offensive">Kozara Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Alfa" title="Operation Alfa">Operation Alfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kopaonik" title="Operation Kopaonik">Operation Kopaonik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1943</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Case_White" title="Case White">Case White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Black" title="Case Black">Case Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Turjak" title="Siege of Turjak">Siege of Turjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kugelblitz" title="Operation Kugelblitz">Operation Kugelblitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vi%C5%A1egrad" title="Battle of Višegrad">Battle of Višegrad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kugelblitz" title="Operation Kugelblitz">Operations Kugelblitz and Schneesturm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_R%C3%B6sselsprung_(1944)" title="Operation Rösselsprung (1944)">Operation Rösselsprung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_R%C3%BCbezahl" title="Operation Rübezahl">Operation Rübezahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Draufg%C3%A4nger" title="Operation Draufgänger">Operation Draufgänger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Jelova_Gora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Jelova Gora (page does not exist)">Battle of Jelova Gora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Operation_(1944)" title="Kosovo Operation (1944)">Kosovo Operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Knin" title="Battle of Knin">Battle of Knin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tuzla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Tuzla (page does not exist)">Battle of Tuzla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Batina" title="Battle of Batina">Battle of Batina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1945</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostar_operation" title="Mostar operation">Mostar operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo_Operation" title="Sarajevo Operation">Sarajevo Operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lijev%C4%8De_Field" title="Battle of Lijevče Field">Battle of Lijevče Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zelengora" title="Battle of Zelengora">Battle of Zelengora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poljana" title="Battle of Poljana">Battle of Poljana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Od%C5%BEak" title="Battle of Odžak">Battle of Odžak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Croatia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zagreb_in_World_War_II" title="Zagreb in World War II">Zagreb in World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Macedonia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslav_Macedonia" title="World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia">World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_during_World_War_II" title="Kosovo during World War II">Kosovo during World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slovenia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_the_Slovene_Lands" title="World War II in the Slovene Lands">World War II in the Slovene Lands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Strategic bombing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Belgrade <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Retribution_(1941)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Retribution (1941)">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Belgrade_(1944)" title="Bombing of Belgrade (1944)">1944</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Podgorica_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Podgorica in World War II">Podgorica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Sarajevo_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Sarajevo in World War II">Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Zadar_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Zadar in World War II">Zadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Zagreb_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Zagreb in World War II">Zagreb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>see also</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Factions_in_the_Yugoslav_Front" title="Template:Factions in the Yugoslav Front">Factions in the Yugoslav Front</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:People_of_the_Yugoslav_Front" title="Template:People of the Yugoslav Front">People of the Yugoslav Front</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II" title="Template:World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_II" title="Template talk:World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_World_War_II" title="Outline of World War II">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_battles" title="List of World War II battles">Battles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_military_operations" title="List of World War II military operations">Operations</a></li></ul></li> <li>Leaders <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Allied leaders of World War II">Allied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Axis leaders of World War II">Axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanders_of_World_War_II" title="Commanders of World War II">Commanders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_casualties" title="World War II casualties">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_World_War_II_conferences" title="List of Allied World War II conferences">Conferences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_topics" title="Lists of World War II topics">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_warfare_of_World_War_II" title="Air warfare of World War II">Air warfare of World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_air_operations_during_the_Battle_of_Europe" title="List of air operations during the Battle of Europe">In Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_officer_ranks_of_World_War_II" title="Comparative officer ranks of World War II">Comparative military ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_cryptography" title="World War II cryptography">Cryptography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_II" title="Declarations of war during World War II">Declarations of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_II" title="Diplomatic history of World War II">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governments_in_exile_during_World_War_II" title="List of governments in exile during World War II">Governments in exile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Home front during World War II">Home front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Australian home front during World War II">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United Kingdom home front during World War II">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_contribution_to_the_Manhattan_Project" title="British contribution to the Manhattan Project">British contribution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_awards_and_decorations_of_World_War_II" title="List of military awards and decorations of World War II">Military awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_military_equipment" title="Lists of World War II military equipment">Military equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_production_during_World_War_II" title="Military production during World War II">Military production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_World_War_II" title="Naval history of World War II">Naval history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_plunder" title="Nazi plunder">Nazi plunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_II" title="Opposition to World War II">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_II" title="Technology during World War II">Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_technological_cooperation_during_World_War_II" title="Allied technological cooperation during World War II">Allied cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry harbour">Mulberry harbour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_war#World_War_II" title="Total war">Total war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Strategic bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_puppet_states" title="List of World War II puppet states">Puppet states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_World_War_II" title="Women in World War II">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_and_World_War_II" title="Art and World War II">Art and World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_World_War_II" title="Music in World War II">Music in World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_events_during_wars#World_War_II" title="Weather events during wars">Weather events during World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_and_campaigns_of_World_War_II" title="List of theaters and campaigns of World War II">Theaters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_theater" title="Asiatic-Pacific theater">Asia and Pacific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">South-East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">North and Central Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">South-West Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Atlantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Timeline of the Battle of the Atlantic">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">Americas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">Aftermath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">Expulsion of Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Keelhaul" title="Operation Keelhaul">Keelhaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Occupation of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Osoaviakhim" title="Operation Osoaviakhim">Osoaviakhim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Paperclip" title="Operation Paperclip">Paperclip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_occupations_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military occupations by the Soviet Union">Soviet occupations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Hungary–Soviet Union relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Romania" title="Soviet occupation of Romania">Romania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oder%E2%80%93Neisse_line" title="Oder–Neisse line">Territorial changes of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_II" title="War crimes in World War II">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_war_crimes_during_World_War_II" title="Allied war crimes during World War II">Allied war crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="Soviet war crimes">Soviet war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="British war crimes">British war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="United States war crimes">United States war crimes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="German war crimes">German war crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_of_the_Wehrmacht" title="War crimes of the Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Holocaust" title="Aftermath of the Holocaust">Aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_response_to_the_Holocaust" title="International response to the Holocaust">Response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_war_crimes" title="Italian war crimes">Italian war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_731" title="Unit 731">Unit 731</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">Prosecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Croatian war crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia">Persecution of Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania#The_Holocaust" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romanian war crimes</a></li> <li>Sexual violence <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_military_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German military brothels in World War II">German military brothels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_camp_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German camp brothels in World War II">Camp brothels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Germany" title="Rape during the occupation of Germany">Rape during the occupation of Germany</a>  / <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Japan" title="Rape during the occupation of Japan">Japan</a>  / <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Soviet_occupation_of_Poland" title="Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_France" title="Rape during the liberation of France">Rape during the liberation of France</a>  / <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_Serbia" title="Rape during the liberation of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">Comfort women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_massacre#Mass_rapes" title="Manila massacre">Rape of Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marocchinate" title="Marocchinate">Marocchinate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_by_country" title="World War II by country">Participants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria_in_World_War_II" title="Algeria in World War II">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Australia during World War II">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_II" title="Belgium in World War II">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_in_World_War_II" title="Brazil in World War II">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Bulgarian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état">from September 1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II" title="Canada in World War II">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_II" title="Cuba during World War II">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini_in_World_War_II" title="Eswatini in World War II">Eswatini</a> (formerly Swaziland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">from September 1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Greece_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Greece during World War II">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Co-belligerent_Army" title="Italian Co-belligerent Army">Italy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">from September 1943</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_World_War_II" title="Luxembourg in World War II">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="Mexico during World War II">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Netherlands_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Netherlands during World War II">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Newfoundland_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Newfoundland during World War II">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of New Zealand during World War II">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Philippines during World War II">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Romanian coup d'état">from August 1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_in_World_War_II" title="Sierra Leone in World War II">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of South Africa during World War II">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_in_World_War_II" title="Southern Rhodesia in World War II">Southern Rhodesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" title="Soviet Union in World War II">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuva_in_World_War_II" title="Tuva in World War II">Tuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_in_World_War_II" title="British Empire in World War II">British Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_World_War_II" title="Puerto Ricans in World War II">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Albania protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (until September 1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Wang Jingwei regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (until September 1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">French Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">Italy</a> (until September 1943) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (until August 1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers">Collaboration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Neutral_powers_during_World_War_II" title="Neutral powers during World War II">Neutral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andorra#20th_and_21st_centuries" title="History of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_neutrality_during_World_War_II" title="Irish neutrality during World War II">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Liechtenstein in World War II">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_II" title="Portugal during World War II">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_during_World_War_II" title="Vatican City during World War II">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">Resistance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_resistance" title="Austrian resistance">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Czech lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies#Underground_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_anti-German_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Estonian anti-German resistance movement 1941–1944">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbegnoch" title="Arbegnoch">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong#Anti-Japanese_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_dissidence_in_the_Empire_of_Japan#Dissidence_during_World_War_II" title="Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_resistance_in_German-occupied_Europe" title="Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Liberation_Army" title="Korean Liberation Army">Korean Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Volunteer_Army" title="Korean Volunteer Army">Korean Volunteer Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931945" title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Resistance" title="Luxembourg Resistance">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Anti-Japanese_Army" title="Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Anti-Japanese_United_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army">Northeast China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_resistance_against_Japan" title="Philippine resistance against Japan">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_anti-communist_resistance_movement" title="Romanian anti-communist resistance movement">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Thai_Movement" title="Free Thai Movement">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Western Ukraine</a></li> <li>Vietnam <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Qu%E1%BB%91c_D%C3%A2n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng" title="Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng">Quốc dân Đảng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viet_Minh" title="Viet Minh">Viet Minh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li>German prisoners <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_Azerbaijan" title="German prisoners of war in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="German prisoners of war in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="Japanese prisoners of war in World War II">Japanese prisoners</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Polish_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Polish prisoners of war">German atrocities against Polish POWs</a></li> <li>Soviet prisoners <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_prisoners_of_war_in_Finland" title="Soviet prisoners of war in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Soviet_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war">atrocities by Germans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_prisoners-of-war_in_the_Soviet_Union_after_1939" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939">Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_timelines_of_World_War_II" title="List of timelines of World War II">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Prelude" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_II" title="Causes of World War II">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyssinia_Crisis" title="Abyssinia Crisis">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="Events preceding World War II in Asia">Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol" title="Battles of Khalkhin Gol">Battles of Khalkhin Gol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="Events preceding World War II in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Occupation of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Himmler" title="Operation Himmler">Operation Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1939)" title="Timeline of World War II (1939)">1939</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)" title="Battle of Changsha (1939)">First Battle of Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Guangxi" title="Battle of South Guangxi">Battle of South Guangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939%E2%80%931940_Winter_Offensive" title="1939–1940 Winter Offensive">1939–1940 Winter Offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1940)" title="Timeline of World War II (1940)">1940</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norwegian campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">German invasion of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zaoyang%E2%80%93Yichang" title="Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang">Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Luxembourg" title="German invasion of Luxembourg">German invasion of Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands" title="German invasion of the Netherlands">German invasion of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1940)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1940)">German invasion of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk evacuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mediterranean" title="Battle of the Mediterranean">Battle of the Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Regiments_Offensive" title="Hundred Regiments Offensive">Hundred Regiments Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Eastern Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Japanese invasion of French Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">Italian invasion of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Compass" title="Operation Compass">Compass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1941)" title="Timeline of World War II (1941)">1941</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Henan" title="Battle of South Henan">Battle of South Henan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanggao" title="Battle of Shanggao">Battle of Shanggao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Greece" title="German invasion of Greece">German invasion of Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Shanxi" title="Battle of South Shanxi">Battle of South Shanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Invasion of the Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Summer_War" title="Summer War">Summer War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Silver_Fox" title="Operation Silver Fox">Silver Fox</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1941)" title="Battle of Kiev (1941)">Battle of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941)">Second Battle of Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Siege of Leningrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">Battle of Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)">Siege of Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand" title="Japanese invasion of Thailand">Japanese invasion of Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" title="Battle of Hong Kong">Fall of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">Fall of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1941)" title="Battle of Guam (1941)">Battle of Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wake_Island" title="Battle of Wake Island">Battle of Wake Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malayan campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borneo_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)">Battle of Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Burma" title="Japanese invasion of Burma">Japanese invasion of Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941–1942)">Third Battle of Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Greece)" title="Great Famine (Greece)">Greek famine of 1941–1944</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1942)" title="Timeline of World War II (1942)">1942</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Fall of Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Java_Sea" title="Battle of the Java Sea">Battle of the Java Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid">St Nazaire Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Christmas_Island" title="Battle of Christmas Island">Battle of Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea" title="Battle of the Coral Sea">Battle of the Coral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Battle of Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang-Jiangxi_campaign" title="Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign">Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gazala" title="Battle of Gazala">Battle of Gazala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dutch_Harbor" title="Battle of Dutch Harbor">Battle of Dutch Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleutian Islands campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Kiska" title="Japanese occupation of Kiska">Kiska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Attu" title="Japanese occupation of Attu"> Attu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="First Battle of El Alamein">First Battle of El Alamein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokoda_Track_campaign" title="Kokoda Track campaign">Kokoda Track campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rzhev,_summer_1942" title="Battle of Rzhev, summer 1942">Rzhev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Jubilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Second Battle of El Alamein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign" title="Guadalcanal campaign">Guadalcanal campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_famine_of_1942%E2%80%931943" title="Chinese famine of 1942–1943">Chinese famine of 1942–1943</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1943)" title="Timeline of World War II (1943)">1943</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_May_(1943)" title="Black May (1943)">Black May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisian campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hubei" title="Battle of West Hubei">Battle of West Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Attu" title="Battle of Attu">Battle of Attu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II#June_1943" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Battle of Kursk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_operation" title="Smolensk operation">Smolensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_campaign" title="Solomon Islands campaign">Solomon Islands campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cottage" title="Operation Cottage">Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dnieper" title="Battle of the Dnieper">Battle of the Dnieper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">Allied invasion of Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northern_Burma_and_Western_Yunnan" title="Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan">Northern Burma and Western Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changde" title="Battle of Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1943)" title="Battle of Kiev (1943)">Second Battle of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Marshall_Islands_campaign" title="Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign">Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarawa" title="Battle of Tarawa">Tarawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makin" title="Battle of Makin">Makin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Bengal famine of 1943</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1944)" title="Timeline of World War II (1944)">1944</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tempest" title="Operation Tempest">Tempest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anzio" title="Battle of Anzio">Anzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Korsun%E2%80%93Cherkassy" title="Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy">Korsun–Cherkassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1944)" title="Battle of Narva (1944)">Narva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ichi-Go" title="Operation Ichi-Go">Ichi-Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Overlord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign" title="Mariana and Palau Islands campaign">Mariana and Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration">Bagration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lvov%E2%80%93Sandomierz_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Lvov–Sandomierz offensive">Western Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">Second Battle of Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg_Line" title="Battle of Tannenberg Line">Tannenberg Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive">Eastern Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Dragoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Line" title="Gothic Line">Gothic Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Market_Garden" title="Operation Market Garden">Market Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_offensive" title="Tallinn offensive">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossbow" title="Operation Crossbow">Crossbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Bomber_Offensive" title="Combined Bomber Offensive">Pointblank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945">Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Philippines campaign (1944–1945)">Philippines (1944–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Leyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_offensive" title="Budapest offensive">Hungary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Budapest" title="Siege of Budapest">Budapest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Burma campaign (1944–1945)">Burma (1944–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Ardennes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bodenplatte" title="Operation Bodenplatte">Bodenplatte</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Dutch famine of 1944–1945">Dutch famine of 1944–1945</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1945%E2%80%931991)" title="Timeline of World War II (1945–1991)">1945</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_offensive" title="Vistula–Oder offensive">Vistula–Oder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1945)" title="Battle of Manila (1945)">Battle of Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Battle of Iwo Jima">Battle of Iwo Jima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_offensive" title="Vienna offensive">Vienna offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Hula" title="Project Hula">Project Hula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Western invasion of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislava%E2%80%93Brno_offensive" title="Bratislava–Brno offensive">Bratislava–Brno offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Guangxi_campaign" title="Second Guangxi campaign">Second Guangxi campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hunan" title="Battle of West Hunan">West Hunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_1945_offensive_in_Italy" title="Spring 1945 offensive in Italy">Italy (Spring 1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Battle of Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_offensive" title="Prague offensive">Prague offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">Surrender of Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">document</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Taipei" title="Raid on Taipei">Taipei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_naval_bombardments_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Allied naval bombardments of Japan during World War II">Naval bombardment of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet invasion of Manchuria">Manchuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debate_over_the_atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Debate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_South_Sakhalin" title="Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin">South Sakhalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Kuril_Islands" title="Invasion of the Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shumshu" title="Battle of Shumshu">Shumshu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="End of World War II in Asia">End of World War II in Asia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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