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<span>Formula Two</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formula_Two-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formula_One" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formula_One"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Formula One</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Formula_One-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Formula One subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Formula_One-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1981–1982:_Difficult_early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1981–1982:_Difficult_early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>1981–1982: Difficult early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1981–1982:_Difficult_early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1983:_Emergence_as_a_serious_team" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1983:_Emergence_as_a_serious_team"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>1983: Emergence as a serious team</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1983:_Emergence_as_a_serious_team-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1984:_Peaking_with_Ayrton_Senna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1984:_Peaking_with_Ayrton_Senna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>1984: Peaking with Ayrton Senna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1984:_Peaking_with_Ayrton_Senna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1985:_Near-collapse_and_sale_to_Benetton" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1985:_Near-collapse_and_sale_to_Benetton"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>1985: Near-collapse and sale to Benetton</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1985:_Near-collapse_and_sale_to_Benetton-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Complete_Formula_One_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Complete_Formula_One_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Complete Formula One results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Complete_Formula_One_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Toleman</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toulmen_(Formula-1_komandas%C4%B1)" title="Toulmen (Formula-1 komandası) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Toulmen (Formula-1 komandası)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Толман – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Толман" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Toleman" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Toleman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Toleman" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Toleman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Τόλμαν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τόλμαν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Toleman" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D9%86" title="تول‌من – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تول‌من" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Toleman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Toleman" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Toleman" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Toleman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Toleman" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Toleman" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Toleman" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Toleman" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toleman" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="トールマン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トールマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Toleman" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Toleman" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B-1)" title="Тоулмен (команда Формулы-1) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тоулмен (команда Формулы-1)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Toleman" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Toleman" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Toleman" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Toleman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Toleman" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q172987#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British motor racing team</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title">Toleman</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toleman_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/37/Toleman_logo.png" decoding="async" width="142" height="42" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="42" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Full name</th><td class="infobox-data fn org">Toleman Motorsport</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Base</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Witney" title="Witney">Witney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Team <span class="nowrap">principal(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Alex Hawkridge</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder(s)</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Toleman" title="Ted Toleman">Ted Toleman</a><br />Alex Hawkridge</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Noted staff</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Silman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Silman (page does not exist)">Roger Silman</a></li> <li>George McAllister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rory_Byrne" title="Rory Byrne">Rory Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Symonds" title="Pat Symonds">Pat Symonds</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Gentry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Gentry (page does not exist)">John Gentry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Witty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Witty (page does not exist)">Christopher Witty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Noted drivers</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Henton" title="Brian Henton">Brian Henton</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Derek_Warwick" title="Derek Warwick">Derek Warwick</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Teo_Fabi" title="Teo Fabi">Teo Fabi</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Giacomelli" title="Bruno Giacomelli">Bruno Giacomelli</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ayrton_Senna" title="Ayrton Senna">Ayrton Senna</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cecotto" title="Johnny Cecotto">Johnny Cecotto</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/60px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Johansson" title="Stefan Johansson">Stefan Johansson</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Piercarlo_Ghinzani" title="Piercarlo Ghinzani">Piercarlo Ghinzani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Next name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Benetton_Formula" title="Benetton Formula">Benetton Formula</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> World Championship career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First entry</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1981_San_Marino_Grand_Prix" title="1981 San Marino Grand Prix">1981 San Marino Grand Prix</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Races entered</th><td class="infobox-data">70 (57 starts)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_World_Constructors%27_Champions" title="List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions">Constructors'<br />Championships</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0 <small>(best finish: 7th, <a href="/wiki/1984_Formula_One_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1984 Formula One season">1984</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_World_Drivers%27_Champions" title="List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions">Drivers'<br />Championships</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0 <small>(best finish: 9th, 1983-84)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_Grand_Prix_winners_(constructors)" title="List of Formula One Grand Prix winners (constructors)">Race victories</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0 <small>(best finish: 2nd, <a href="/wiki/1984_Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="1984 Monaco Grand Prix">1984 Monaco Grand Prix</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Pole_position" title="Pole position">Pole positions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fastest_lap" title="Fastest lap">Fastest laps</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Final entry</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1985_Australian_Grand_Prix" title="1985 Australian Grand Prix">1985 Australian Grand Prix</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Motorsport_current_event.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Motorsport_current_event.svg/28px-Motorsport_current_event.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Motorsport_current_event.svg/42px-Motorsport_current_event.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Motorsport_current_event.svg/56px-Motorsport_current_event.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Formula_One" title="Portal:Formula One">Formula One portal</a></span></li></ul> <p><b>Toleman Motorsport</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_constructors" title="List of Formula One constructors">constructor</a> based in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>. It participated in Formula One between 1981 and 1985, competing in 70 <a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_Grands_Prix" title="List of Formula One Grands Prix">Grands Prix</a>. Today, it is best known for giving <a href="/wiki/Ayrton_Senna" title="Ayrton Senna">Ayrton Senna</a> his Formula One debut. </p><p>The team was generally uncompetitive during its short lifetime, prompting Senna to leave after just one year. However, several of its engineers, including <a href="/wiki/Rory_Byrne" title="Rory Byrne">Rory Byrne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pat_Symonds" title="Pat Symonds">Pat Symonds</a>, stayed with the team after its sale to the <a href="/wiki/Benetton_Group" title="Benetton Group">Benetton Group</a> and eventually built the organisation into the title-winning <a href="/wiki/Benetton_Formula" title="Benetton Formula">Benetton Formula</a>. As such, Toleman is the progenitor of the racing lineage informally known as "<a href="/wiki/Team_Enstone" title="Team Enstone">Team Enstone</a>." </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toleman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1926, Edward Toleman established a company to deliver Ford cars from the Ford factory to dealers across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Edward's son Albert took over the company in the 1950s, and Albert's sons Ted and Bob succeeded him in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Toleman brothers recruited Alex Hawkridge to expand their transportation business into Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Toleman family were enthusiastic gentleman drivers. Albert Toleman won several club-level rally championships.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ted Toleman participated in Formula Two, the <a href="/wiki/Dakar_Rally" title="Dakar Rally">Dakar Rally</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/1976_24_Hours_of_Le_Mans" title="1976 24 Hours of Le Mans">1976 24 Hours of Le Mans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:13_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unfortunately, Bob Toleman died in a racing accident in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hawkridge encouraged the company to enter auto racing by sponsoring competitors.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1976, Toleman began sponsoring <a href="/wiki/Rad_Dougall" title="Rad Dougall">Rad Dougall</a> in the <a href="/wiki/British_Formula_Ford_Championship" title="British Formula Ford Championship">British Formula Ford Championship</a>, although Dougall broke his legs in a crash the same day Toleman agreed to fund him. Toleman continued sponsoring Dougall for 1977, and he won the Formula Ford 2000 title that year.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Impressed with the results, Ted Toleman agreed to start his own <a href="/wiki/European_Formula_Two_Championship" title="European Formula Two Championship">Formula Two</a> team.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formula_Two">Formula Two</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toleman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formula Two"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1978 to 1980, Toleman spent three seasons in the <a href="/wiki/European_Formula_Two_Championship" title="European Formula Two Championship">European Formula Two Championship</a> under the leadership of Alex Hawkridge and Roger Silman.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To prepare for the higher level of competition, the team hired <a href="/wiki/Royale_Racing" title="Royale Racing">Royale Racing</a> designer <a href="/wiki/Rory_Byrne" title="Rory Byrne">Rory Byrne</a>, with an eye towards eventually building his own cars.<sup id="cite_ref-grandprix.com_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grandprix.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team steadily improved from year to year. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1978_European_Formula_Two_Championship" title="1978 European Formula Two Championship">1978</a>, Toleman ran one car, a customer <a href="/wiki/March_Engineering" title="March Engineering">March</a>-<a href="/wiki/BMW_in_motorsport" title="BMW in motorsport">BMW</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rad_Dougall" title="Rad Dougall">Rad Dougall</a> made the podium in the very first race, but scored only one more point that season.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Byrne accused March's <a href="/wiki/Robin_Herd" title="Robin Herd">Robin Herd</a> of undermining Toleman to benefit March's works team.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He concluded that "it’s no use having a customer car, you’re always one step behind."<sup id="cite_ref-:10_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1979_European_Formula_Two_Championship" title="1979 European Formula Two Championship">1979</a>, Toleman fielded a second car (piloted by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Henton" title="Brian Henton">Brian Henton</a>), a customer <a href="/wiki/Ralt" title="Ralt">Ralt</a>-<a href="/wiki/Hart_Racing_Engines" title="Hart Racing Engines">Hart</a>. The team still used the previous year's March chassis when the Ralt was unavailable but otherwise preferred the Ralt.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hart engines were less powerful than the BMWs but much lighter,<sup id="cite_ref-:8_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with outstanding reliability.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henton finished 2nd in the championship standings, losing the title to <a href="/wiki/Marc_Surer" title="Marc Surer">Marc Surer</a> by two points.<sup id="cite_ref-grandprix.com_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grandprix.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He would have won the title but for the events of the <a href="/wiki/1979_Mediterranean_Grand_Prix" title="1979 Mediterranean Grand Prix">1979 Mediterranean Grand Prix</a>, where he finished first on track but was subsequently disqualified.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1980_European_Formula_Two_Championship" title="1980 European Formula Two Championship">1980</a>, the F2 regulations were revised to limit <a href="/wiki/Ground_effect_(cars)" title="Ground effect (cars)">ground effect</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Derek_Warwick" title="Derek Warwick">Derek Warwick</a> arrived to replace Dougall, bringing with him financial support from sponsor <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Byrne unveiled his first team-built chassis, the <a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG280" title="Toleman TG280">Toleman TG280</a>, which exploited a loophole that allowed the team to continue running a ground effect car.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the team switched from <a href="/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company">Goodyear</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pirelli" title="Pirelli">Pirelli</a> tyres, as Byrne felt that Goodyear's tyres were optimised for qualifying and not a full race distance.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toleman-Hart dominated the F2 season.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henton and Warwick finished 1-2 atop the standings, with a lead so large they skipped the final race of the season.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The car was so strong that when Toleman customer drivers were included, the team accounted for three of the top four and four of the top seven drivers in the standings. Toleman cars also won six of the twelve races. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formula_One">Formula One</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toleman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Formula One"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Toleman entered Formula One for the <a href="/wiki/1981_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="1981 Formula One World Championship">1981</a> season. Although Hawkridge admitted that the team was not ready to compete that year, he explained that the team had a short window of opportunity to enter the top level, because the FISA side of the <a href="/wiki/FISA%E2%80%93FOCA_war" title="FISA–FOCA war">FISA–FOCA war</a> wanted to add teams to improve its political position against the established <a href="/wiki/Formula_One_Constructors%27_Association" title="Formula One Constructors' Association">FOCA</a> teams like <a href="/wiki/Brabham" title="Brabham">Brabham</a>, <a href="/wiki/McLaren" title="McLaren">McLaren</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Williams_Racing" title="Williams Racing">Williams</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toleman would later refuse to join FOCA's boycott of the <a href="/wiki/1982_San_Marino_Grand_Prix" title="1982 San Marino Grand Prix">1982 San Marino Grand Prix</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The team continued to recruited talented engineers, signing Byrne's former Royale lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Pat_Symonds" title="Pat Symonds">Pat Symonds</a> for 1981 by promising to double his salary.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team innovated by sourcing the first fibre-optic engine management system, which (according to Hawkridge) improved reliability.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most importantly, Toleman sought to distinguish itself from other small teams by commissioning its successful F2 engine supplier, <a href="/wiki/Hart_Racing_Engines" title="Hart Racing Engines">Hart</a>, to produce <a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">turbocharger</a> engines for the team.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By that time, Formula One was beginning to be dominated by turbo-powered cars, which outpaced the <a href="/wiki/Naturally_aspirated" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturally aspirated">naturally aspirated</a> engines previously dominant in the sport. Looking back, Symonds remarked that "if Alex and Ted Toleman had said, 'Let's go F1 racing, let's buy a [naturally aspirated Cosworth] <a href="/wiki/Cosworth_DFV" title="Cosworth DFV">DFV</a>,' we'd have been a hell of a lot more successful in 1981 – but we wouldn’t have been around by 1990. We'd have been just another team."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1981–1982:_Difficult_early_years"><span id="1981.E2.80.931982:_Difficult_early_years"></span>1981–1982: Difficult early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toleman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1981–1982: Difficult early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Toleman suffered greatly in the short run, due to growing pains associated with the innovative turbo technology and other issues. During this period, Toleman's cars were mocked in the racing press as "The Pig" (for their poor handling) and "The <a href="/wiki/ARA_General_Belgrano" title="ARA General Belgrano">Belgrano</a>" (for their oil leaks).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In 1981, the team retained <a href="/wiki/Brian_Henton" title="Brian Henton">Brian Henton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Derek_Warwick" title="Derek Warwick">Derek Warwick</a> from 1980's dominant F2 campaign, but the <a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG181" title="Toleman TG181">Toleman TG181</a> was exceptionally poor, qualifying for just two races all season. Warwick remarked that the car was "impossible to drive" and that "we weren't just slow: we were seven seconds a lap off the back row."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team failed to qualify for a race until September, when Henton made the cut for the <a href="/wiki/1981_Italian_Grand_Prix" title="1981 Italian Grand Prix">Italian Grand Prix</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warwick qualified for the <a href="/wiki/1981_Caesars_Palace_Grand_Prix" title="1981 Caesars Palace Grand Prix">final race of the season</a>, winning a £25,000 bet for doing so.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toleman_TG183B_front-left_2012_Autosport_International.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Toleman_TG183B_front-left_2012_Autosport_International.jpg/250px-Toleman_TG183B_front-left_2012_Autosport_International.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Toleman_TG183B_front-left_2012_Autosport_International.jpg/500px-Toleman_TG183B_front-left_2012_Autosport_International.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4584" data-file-height="3256" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG183" title="Toleman TG183">Toleman TG183</a></figcaption></figure><p>In <a href="/wiki/1982_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="1982 Formula One World Championship">1982</a>, Henton left and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Teo_Fabi" title="Teo Fabi">Teo Fabi</a>. Nonetheless, the team managed to start qualifying consistently for races, but finished only two races all season, due in large part to engine reliability issues.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team used upgraded TG181Cs until the carbon-composite <a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG183" title="Toleman TG183">Toleman TG183</a> (the team skipped the number TG182) was ready in late August. The TG183 was used in only two Grands Prix (<a href="/wiki/1982_Italian_Grand_Prix" title="1982 Italian Grand Prix">Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/1982_Caesars_Palace_Grand_Prix" title="1982 Caesars Palace Grand Prix">Las Vegas</a>) that year, but Warwick did record the team's first fastest lap in the <a href="/wiki/1982_Dutch_Grand_Prix" title="1982 Dutch Grand Prix">Dutch Grand Prix</a>. </p><p>With sponsor <a href="/wiki/Candy_(company)" title="Candy (company)">Candy</a> threatening to pull funding for 1983, the team resorted to a gimmick strategy to reach second place at the <a href="/wiki/1982_British_Grand_Prix" title="1982 British Grand Prix">British Grand Prix</a>, however briefly. The team started Warwick on a half-tank of petrol, giving him a speed advantage over the other drivers' fully-loaded cars. Warwick knew going in that he would not finish the race,<sup id="cite_ref-:7_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ran out of fuel after 40 laps.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team lied to the press that Warwick had suffered a mechanical failure.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Satisfied with the positive exposure, Candy agreed to stay with the team.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1983:_Emergence_as_a_serious_team">1983: Emergence as a serious team</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toleman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1983: Emergence as a serious team"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/1983_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="1983 Formula One World Championship">1983</a>, the TG183B showed improved form thanks to a major update. Derek Warwick was retained, while Teo Fabi was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Giacomelli" title="Bruno Giacomelli">Bruno Giacomelli</a>. The budget increased as Candy's sponsorship was joined by <a href="/wiki/Iveco" title="Iveco">Iveco</a> brand <a href="/wiki/Magirus" title="Magirus">Magirus</a> and <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a>. </p><p>The Hart turbos finally began showing true pace, with Warwick qualifying fifth and sixth in the first two races.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team peaked at the end of the season: Warwick scored the team's first points with a fourth-place finish at the <a href="/wiki/1983_Dutch_Grand_Prix" title="1983 Dutch Grand Prix">Dutch Grand Prix</a>, kicking off a run of four consecutive scoring finishes to close out the year.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toleman finished 9th in the Constructors' Championship with ten points, putting itself a cut above the other backmarkers like <a href="/wiki/Arrows_Grand_Prix_International" title="Arrows Grand Prix International">Arrows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Racing" title="Theodore Racing">Theodore</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89quipe_Ligier" title="Équipe Ligier">Ligier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spirit_Racing" title="Spirit Racing">Spirit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Automobili_Turismo_e_Sport" title="Automobili Turismo e Sport">ATS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osella" title="Osella">Osella</a>, and <a href="/wiki/RAM_Racing" title="RAM Racing">RAM</a>, none of which scored more than four points. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1984:_Peaking_with_Ayrton_Senna">1984: Peaking with Ayrton Senna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toleman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1984: Peaking with Ayrton Senna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/1984_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="1984 Formula One World Championship">1984</a>, Warwick departed for the factory <a href="/wiki/Renault_F1" class="mw-redirect" title="Renault F1">Renault</a> team,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Giacomelli left F1 for <a href="/wiki/Championship_Auto_Racing_Teams" title="Championship Auto Racing Teams">CART</a>. In response, the team scored a coup by signing highly touted rookie <a href="/wiki/Ayrton_Senna" title="Ayrton Senna">Ayrton Senna</a>, who had just won the <a href="/wiki/1983_British_Formula_Three_Championship" title="1983 British Formula Three Championship">1983 British Formula Three Championship</a>. Senna tested for Toleman and immediately developed a rapport with Byrne, who begged Hawkridge to sign him.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Senna knew that he had the talent to race for a top team – <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Ecclestone" title="Bernie Ecclestone">Bernie Ecclestone</a> had considered signing him for <a href="/wiki/Brabham" title="Brabham">Brabham</a> to partner reigning Drivers' Champion <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Piquet" title="Nelson Piquet">Nelson Piquet</a>, but Piquet vetoed the idea<sup id="cite_ref-:33_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:33-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – and negotiated a relatively low £100,000 release clause from Toleman.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senna was paired with <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuelan</a> F2 driver and former dual <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing" title="Grand Prix motorcycle racing">Grand Prix Motorcycle</a> World Champion <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cecotto" title="Johnny Cecotto">Johnny Cecotto</a>. However, Cecotto's F1 career ended mid-season when he broke both legs during practice for the <a href="/wiki/1984_British_Grand_Prix" title="1984 British Grand Prix">British Grand Prix</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Johansson" title="Stefan Johansson">Stefan Johansson</a> was eventually signed to finish out the season. </p><p>Toleman got off to a poor start, as the team was still using the 1983 cars for the first four races of 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senna made his F1 debut at the <a href="/wiki/1984_Brazilian_Grand_Prix" title="1984 Brazilian Grand Prix">Brazilian Grand Prix</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Aut%C3%B3dromo_Internacional_Nelson_Piquet" title="Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet">Jacarepaguá</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He qualified an unimpressive 17th (Cecotto qualified 18th), and both drivers retired with engine failures.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Senna rallied to score his first F1 point at round 2 in <a href="/wiki/1984_South_African_Grand_Prix" title="1984 South African Grand Prix">Kyalami</a>, despite suffering major front wing damage on the opening lap.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also scored at the following race at <a href="/wiki/1984_Belgian_Grand_Prix" title="1984 Belgian Grand Prix">Spa-Francorchamps</a>, but only after <a href="/wiki/Tyrrell_Racing" title="Tyrrell Racing">Tyrrell</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Bellof" title="Stefan Bellof">Stefan Bellof</a> was <a href="/wiki/Tyrrell_Racing#1984_controversy" title="Tyrrell Racing">disqualified from the entire season</a> due to technical infringements.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The demanding Senna quickly grew disillusioned with the team's <a href="/wiki/Pirelli" title="Pirelli">Pirelli</a> tyres;<sup id="cite_ref-:4_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> no Pirelli driver scored points through round 5 of the season, except Senna.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At <a href="/wiki/1984_San_Marino_Grand_Prix" title="1984 San Marino Grand Prix">Imola</a>, the team sat out the first day of qualifying due to disputes with Pirelli, which along with a fuel pressure problem on the second day, contributed to Senna's failure to qualify for the race (the only time he failed to qualify in his entire career). Following the race, Senna successfully induced Toleman to break its Pirelli contract and sign with <a href="/wiki/Michelin" title="Michelin">Michelin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ironically, this decision eventually led to Toleman's demise and absorption by the <a href="/wiki/Benetton_Group" title="Benetton Group">Benetton Group</a> in 1985 (see below).</p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toleman_TG184_Senna_Donington_Grand_Prix_Collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Toleman_TG184_Senna_Donington_Grand_Prix_Collection.jpg/250px-Toleman_TG184_Senna_Donington_Grand_Prix_Collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Toleman_TG184_Senna_Donington_Grand_Prix_Collection.jpg/500px-Toleman_TG184_Senna_Donington_Grand_Prix_Collection.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2752" data-file-height="2062" /></a><figcaption>Ayrton Senna's <a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG184" title="Toleman TG184">Toleman TG184</a> car in which he took second place at the <a href="/wiki/1984_Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="1984 Monaco Grand Prix">1984 Monaco Grand Prix</a>.</figcaption></figure><p>The <a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG184" title="Toleman TG184">TG184</a> and the new Michelin tyres were ready for the <a href="/wiki/1984_French_Grand_Prix" title="1984 French Grand Prix">French Grand Prix</a>. Although both drivers retired, Senna was delighted with the immediate improvement in performance.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The very next race, Senna announced himself to the world with a dazzling second-place finish at the torrentially rain-soaked <a href="/wiki/1984_Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="1984 Monaco Grand Prix">Monaco Grand Prix</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/Jacky_Ickx" title="Jacky Ickx">Jacky Ickx</a> controversially called off the race after lap 31 of 77, Senna was closing in on leader <a href="/wiki/Alain_Prost" title="Alain Prost">Alain Prost</a>, whose brakes were repeatedly locking up due to a deteriorating <a href="/wiki/Brake_balance" title="Brake balance">brake balance</a>. (That said, Senna's suspension was already on the verge of failure,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and Bellof's (later-disqualified) Tyrell was actually faster than Senna at the end of the race.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) In the following years, a conspiracy theory developed that Ickx, a Porsche sportscar driver, called off the race to ensure that Prost's Porsche-powered McLaren would win.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The team's performance fell off in mid-season, with Senna finishing only one out of six races at one point due to mechanical failures. In addition, Cecotto finished only two out of nine races that season. The lone bright spot, of sorts, was the <a href="/wiki/1984_British_Grand_Prix" title="1984 British Grand Prix">British Grand Prix</a>. The weekend was marred by Cecotto's injury, but Senna qualified fourth and scored his second Formula One podium. Fighting for third, he "hound[ed] [Elio] <a href="/wiki/Elio_de_Angelis" title="Elio de Angelis">de Angelis</a> unmercifully" and picked up the position with two laps to go once de Angelis' engine faltered. Following the race, he received a large ovation from the <a href="/wiki/Brands_Hatch" title="Brands Hatch">Brands Hatch</a> crowd.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Towards the end of the season, Senna announced his departure, having triggered his release clause to sign with <a href="/wiki/Team_Lotus" title="Team Lotus">Team Lotus</a>. In response, Hawkridge suspended Senna for the <a href="/wiki/1984_Italian_Grand_Prix" title="1984 Italian Grand Prix">Italian Grand Prix</a>; release clause or not, the Brazilian was still contractually obligated to inform Toleman before negotiating with other teams.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pierluigi_Martini" title="Pierluigi Martini">Pierluigi Martini</a> filled in for Senna at Monza. Cecotto's belated replacement <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Johansson" title="Stefan Johansson">Stefan Johansson</a> made his way from 17th place to 4th in his Toleman debut,<sup id="cite_ref-:6_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Martini failed to qualify. Senna returned to the team for the final two races and finished off the year in style with a third podium at the <a href="/wiki/1984_Portuguese_Grand_Prix" title="1984 Portuguese Grand Prix">Portuguese Grand Prix</a>. </p><p>Toleman finished a career-best 7th in the Constructors' Championship, scoring 16 points, 13 courtesy of Senna. Senna also recorded the only three podiums in the team's history. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1985:_Near-collapse_and_sale_to_Benetton">1985: Near-collapse and sale to Benetton</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toleman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1985: Near-collapse and sale to Benetton"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following Senna's departure, the Toleman team sought to maintain its momentum by retaining Johansson and signing <a href="/wiki/John_Watson_(racing_driver)" title="John Watson (racing driver)">John Watson</a> for the <a href="/wiki/1985_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="1985 Formula One World Championship">1985</a> season.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, that year's <a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG185" title="Toleman TG185">TG185</a> was the first carbon <a href="/wiki/Monocoque" title="Monocoque">monocoque</a> to be fabricated in-house at the Witney factory.<sup id="cite_ref-grandprix.com_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grandprix.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the team nearly collapsed. Michelin withdrew from F1 at the end of 1984, forcing the team to confront the fact that it had alienated every remaining tyre supplier in Formula One. Pirelli was unwilling to supply Toleman again after the events of 1984,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company">Goodyear</a> was also upset at Hawkridge due to the manner in which Toleman switched from Goodyear to Pirelli in Formula Two. Without F1-quality tyres, Toleman was forced to sit out the first three races of the 1985 season.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team parted ways with both drivers: Johansson quit the team to join Tyrell and later Ferrari,<sup id="cite_ref-:6_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Watson unsuccessfully asked to be paid for the races Toleman was unable to enter for tyre reasons.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Toleman returned in round 4 at Monaco, after Italian fashion label <a href="/wiki/United_Colors_of_Benetton" class="mw-redirect" title="United Colors of Benetton">United Colors of Benetton</a> bought the team in mid-season and acquired a Pirelli supply contract from the defunct <a href="/wiki/Spirit_Racing" title="Spirit Racing">Spirit</a> team.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Benetton kept the Toleman name until season's-end.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team initially lacked the funds to run multiple cars, so <a href="/wiki/Teo_Fabi" title="Teo Fabi">Teo Fabi</a> was Toleman's sole driver for the first six races. <a href="/wiki/Piercarlo_Ghinzani" title="Piercarlo Ghinzani">Piercarlo Ghinzani</a> joined Fabi for the final seven races. Toleman's final year in F1 was as unsuccessful as its early years, as the team finished only two races and scored no points. The team's last hurrah was Fabi's pole position at the <a href="/wiki/1985_German_Grand_Prix" title="1985 German Grand Prix">German Grand Prix</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toleman&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Ted Toleman sold the team to Benetton, the Italians promised to keep the staff together.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rory Byrne and Pat Symonds, in particular, remained with the newly rebranded <a href="/wiki/Benetton_Formula" title="Benetton Formula">Benetton Formula</a>, which proceeded to hire a new crop of talent, including <a href="/wiki/Flavio_Briatore" title="Flavio Briatore">Flavio Briatore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ross_Brawn" title="Ross Brawn">Ross Brawn</a>. Led by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Schumacher" title="Michael Schumacher">Michael Schumacher</a>, the Benetton team won two Drivers' Championships and one Constructors' Championship in the 1990s. Schumacher took Byrne and Brawn with him to <a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Ferrari</a>, and the two helped lead the turn-of-the-century Ferrari dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Symonds and Briatore stayed with Benetton, which was later renamed to Renault (colloquially, "<a href="/wiki/Team_Enstone" title="Team Enstone">Team Enstone</a>" after Benetton opened a new factory in <a href="/wiki/Enstone,_Oxfordshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Enstone, Oxfordshire">Enstone, Oxfordshire</a>). With new star <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Alonso" title="Fernando Alonso">Fernando Alonso</a>, Renault won two Drivers' Championships and two Constructors' Championships in the 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original Toleman leadership (Toleman and Hawkridge) did not compete in Formula One again. Ted Toleman left England in 1993,<sup id="cite_ref-:12_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but intermittently remained involved in motor racing, managing the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Mini_Challenge" title="Australian Mini Challenge">Australian Mini Challenge</a> one make series.<sup id="cite_ref-AUSmotive_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AUSmotive-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alex Hawkridge eventually chaired a company that used racing simulators to coach aspiring drivers.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Complete_Formula_One_results">Complete Formula One results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toleman&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Complete Formula One results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Template:F1_driver_results_legend_5" title="Template:F1 driver results legend 5">key</a>) </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Chassis </th> <th>Engines </th> <th>Tyres </th> <th>Drivers </th> <th>1 </th> <th>2 </th> <th>3 </th> <th>4 </th> <th>5 </th> <th>6 </th> <th>7 </th> <th>8 </th> <th>9 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>11 </th> <th>12 </th> <th>13 </th> <th>14 </th> <th>15 </th> <th>16 </th> <th>Points </th> <th>WCC </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/1981_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="1981 Formula One World Championship">1981</a> </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG181" title="Toleman TG181">TG181</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Hart_Racing_Engines" title="Hart Racing Engines">Hart</a> 415T 1.5 <a href="/wiki/Inline-four_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Inline-four engine">L4</a> <a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">t</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Pirelli" title="Pirelli"><span style="padding:1px 4px; color:#dd0029; background-color:#fee100;">P</span></a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1981_United_States_Grand_Prix_West" title="1981 United States Grand Prix West">USW</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1981_Brazilian_Grand_Prix" title="1981 Brazilian Grand Prix">BRA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1981_Argentine_Grand_Prix" title="1981 Argentine Grand Prix">ARG</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1981_San_Marino_Grand_Prix" title="1981 San Marino Grand Prix">SMR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1981_Belgian_Grand_Prix" title="1981 Belgian Grand Prix">BEL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1981_Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="1981 Monaco Grand Prix">MON</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1981_Spanish_Grand_Prix" title="1981 Spanish Grand Prix">ESP</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1981_French_Grand_Prix" title="1981 French Grand Prix">FRA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1981_British_Grand_Prix" title="1981 British Grand Prix">GBR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1981_German_Grand_Prix" title="1981 German Grand Prix">GER</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1981_Austrian_Grand_Prix" title="1981 Austrian Grand Prix">AUT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1981_Dutch_Grand_Prix" title="1981 Dutch Grand Prix">NED</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1981_Italian_Grand_Prix" title="1981 Italian Grand Prix">ITA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1981_Canadian_Grand_Prix" title="1981 Canadian Grand Prix">CAN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1981_Caesars_Palace_Grand_Prix" title="1981 Caesars Palace Grand Prix">CPL</a> </td> <td> </td> <th rowspan="3">0 </th> <th rowspan="3">NC </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Henton" title="Brian Henton">Brian Henton</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNPQ </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#cfcfff;">10 </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Derek_Warwick" title="Derek Warwick">Derek Warwick</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNPQ </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/1982_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="1982 Formula One World Championship">1982</a> </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG181B" class="mw-redirect" title="Toleman TG181B">TG181B</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG181C" class="mw-redirect" title="Toleman TG181C">TG181C</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG183" title="Toleman TG183">TG183</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Hart_Racing_Engines" title="Hart Racing Engines">Hart</a> 415T 1.5 <a href="/wiki/Inline-four_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Inline-four engine">L4</a> <a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">t</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Pirelli" title="Pirelli"><span style="padding:1px 4px; color:#dd0029; background-color:#fee100;">P</span></a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_South_African_Grand_Prix" title="1982 South African Grand Prix">RSA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_Brazilian_Grand_Prix" title="1982 Brazilian Grand Prix">BRA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_United_States_Grand_Prix_West" title="1982 United States Grand Prix West">USW</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_San_Marino_Grand_Prix" title="1982 San Marino Grand Prix">SMR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_Belgian_Grand_Prix" title="1982 Belgian Grand Prix">BEL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="1982 Monaco Grand Prix">MON</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_Detroit_Grand_Prix" title="1982 Detroit Grand Prix">DET</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_Canadian_Grand_Prix" title="1982 Canadian Grand Prix">CAN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_Dutch_Grand_Prix" title="1982 Dutch Grand Prix">NED</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_British_Grand_Prix" title="1982 British Grand Prix">GBR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_French_Grand_Prix" title="1982 French Grand Prix">FRA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_German_Grand_Prix" title="1982 German Grand Prix">GER</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_Austrian_Grand_Prix" title="1982 Austrian Grand Prix">AUT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_Swiss_Grand_Prix" title="1982 Swiss Grand Prix">SUI</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_Italian_Grand_Prix" title="1982 Italian Grand Prix">ITA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_Caesars_Palace_Grand_Prix" title="1982 Caesars Palace Grand Prix">CPL</a> </td> <th rowspan="3">0 </th> <th rowspan="3">NC </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Derek_Warwick" title="Derek Warwick">Derek Warwick</a> </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNPQ </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret<span style="margin:0 0.1em 0 0.1em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;"><sup>F</sup></span> </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#cfcfff;">15 </td> <td style="background:#cfcfff;">10 </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Teo_Fabi" title="Teo Fabi">Teo Fabi</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#cfcfff;">NC </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNPQ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/1983_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="1983 Formula One World Championship">1983</a> </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG183" title="Toleman TG183">TG183</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG183" title="Toleman TG183">TG183B</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Hart_Racing_Engines" title="Hart Racing Engines">Hart</a> 415T 1.5 <a href="/wiki/Inline-four_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Inline-four engine">L4</a> <a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">t</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Pirelli" title="Pirelli"><span style="padding:1px 4px; color:#dd0029; background-color:#fee100;">P</span></a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_Brazilian_Grand_Prix" title="1983 Brazilian Grand Prix">BRA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_United_States_Grand_Prix_West" title="1983 United States Grand Prix West">USW</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_French_Grand_Prix" title="1983 French Grand Prix">FRA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_San_Marino_Grand_Prix" title="1983 San Marino Grand Prix">SMR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="1983 Monaco Grand Prix">MON</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_Belgian_Grand_Prix" title="1983 Belgian Grand Prix">BEL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_Detroit_Grand_Prix" title="1983 Detroit Grand Prix">DET</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_Canadian_Grand_Prix" title="1983 Canadian Grand Prix">CAN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_British_Grand_Prix" title="1983 British Grand Prix">GBR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_German_Grand_Prix" title="1983 German Grand Prix">GER</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_Austrian_Grand_Prix" title="1983 Austrian Grand Prix">AUT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_Dutch_Grand_Prix" title="1983 Dutch Grand Prix">NED</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_Italian_Grand_Prix" title="1983 Italian Grand Prix">ITA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_European_Grand_Prix" title="1983 European Grand Prix">EUR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_South_African_Grand_Prix" title="1983 South African Grand Prix">RSA</a> </td> <td> </td> <th rowspan="3">10 </th> <th rowspan="3">9th </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Derek_Warwick" title="Derek Warwick">Derek Warwick</a> </td> <td style="background:#cfcfff;">8 </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#cfcfff;">7 </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#dfffdf;">4 </td> <td style="background:#dfffdf;">6 </td> <td style="background:#dfffdf;">5 </td> <td style="background:#dfffdf;">4 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Giacomelli" title="Bruno Giacomelli">Bruno Giacomelli</a> </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#cfcfff;">13<sup>†</sup> </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#cfcfff;">8 </td> <td style="background:#cfcfff;">9 </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#cfcfff;">13 </td> <td style="background:#cfcfff;">7 </td> <td style="background:#dfffdf;">6 </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/1984_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="1984 Formula One World Championship">1984</a> </th> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG183" title="Toleman TG183">TG183B</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG184" title="Toleman TG184">TG184</a> </td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Hart_Racing_Engines" title="Hart Racing Engines">Hart</a> 415T 1.5 <a href="/wiki/Inline-four_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Inline-four engine">L4</a> <a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">t</a> </td> <td rowspan="5"><b><a href="/wiki/Pirelli" title="Pirelli"><span style="padding:1px 4px; color:#dd0029; background-color:#fee100;">P</span></a></b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Michelin" title="Michelin"><span style="padding:1px 3px; color:white; background-color:#00008b;">M</span></a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_Brazilian_Grand_Prix" title="1984 Brazilian Grand Prix">BRA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_South_African_Grand_Prix" title="1984 South African Grand Prix">RSA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_Belgian_Grand_Prix" title="1984 Belgian Grand Prix">BEL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_San_Marino_Grand_Prix" title="1984 San Marino Grand Prix">SMR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_French_Grand_Prix" title="1984 French Grand Prix">FRA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="1984 Monaco Grand Prix">MON</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_Canadian_Grand_Prix" title="1984 Canadian Grand Prix">CAN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_Detroit_Grand_Prix" title="1984 Detroit Grand Prix">DET</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_Dallas_Grand_Prix" title="1984 Dallas Grand Prix">DAL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_British_Grand_Prix" title="1984 British Grand Prix">GBR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_German_Grand_Prix" title="1984 German Grand Prix">GER</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_Austrian_Grand_Prix" title="1984 Austrian Grand Prix">AUT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_Dutch_Grand_Prix" title="1984 Dutch Grand Prix">NED</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_Italian_Grand_Prix" title="1984 Italian Grand Prix">ITA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Grand_Prix" title="1984 European Grand Prix">EUR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_Portuguese_Grand_Prix" title="1984 Portuguese Grand Prix">POR</a> </td> <th rowspan="5">16 </th> <th rowspan="5">7th </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ayrton_Senna" title="Ayrton Senna">Ayrton Senna</a> </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#dfffdf;">6 </td> <td style="background:#dfffdf;">6 </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#dfdfdf;">2<span style="margin:0 0.1em 0 0.1em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;"><sup>F</sup></span><sup>‡</sup> </td> <td style="background:#cfcfff;">7 </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#ffdf9f;">3 </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#ffdf9f;">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/60px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Johansson" title="Stefan Johansson">Stefan Johansson</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#dfffdf;">4 </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#cfcfff;">11 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cecotto" title="Johnny Cecotto">Johnny Cecotto</a> </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#cfcfff;">NC </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#cfcfff;">9 </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pierluigi_Martini" title="Pierluigi Martini">Pierluigi Martini</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#ffcfcf;">DNQ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/1985_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="1985 Formula One World Championship">1985</a> </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG185" title="Toleman TG185">TG185</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Hart_Racing_Engines" title="Hart Racing Engines">Hart</a> 415T 1.5 <a href="/wiki/Inline-four_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Inline-four engine">L4</a> <a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">t</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Pirelli" title="Pirelli"><span style="padding:1px 4px; color:#dd0029; background-color:#fee100;">P</span></a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_Brazilian_Grand_Prix" title="1985 Brazilian Grand Prix">BRA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_Portuguese_Grand_Prix" title="1985 Portuguese Grand Prix">POR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_San_Marino_Grand_Prix" title="1985 San Marino Grand Prix">SMR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="1985 Monaco Grand Prix">MON</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_Canadian_Grand_Prix" title="1985 Canadian Grand Prix">CAN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_Detroit_Grand_Prix" title="1985 Detroit Grand Prix">DET</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_French_Grand_Prix" title="1985 French Grand Prix">FRA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_British_Grand_Prix" title="1985 British Grand Prix">GBR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_German_Grand_Prix" title="1985 German Grand Prix">GER</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_Austrian_Grand_Prix" title="1985 Austrian Grand Prix">AUT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_Dutch_Grand_Prix" title="1985 Dutch Grand Prix">NED</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_Italian_Grand_Prix" title="1985 Italian Grand Prix">ITA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_Belgian_Grand_Prix" title="1985 Belgian Grand Prix">BEL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_European_Grand_Prix" title="1985 European Grand Prix">EUR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_South_African_Grand_Prix" title="1985 South African Grand Prix">RSA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1985_Australian_Grand_Prix" title="1985 Australian Grand Prix">AUS</a> </td> <th rowspan="3">0 </th> <th rowspan="3">NC </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Teo_Fabi" title="Teo Fabi">Teo Fabi</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#cfcfff;">14<sup>†</sup> </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret<span style="margin:0 0.1em 0 0.1em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;"><sup>P</sup></span> </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#cfcfff;">12 </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Piercarlo_Ghinzani" title="Piercarlo Ghinzani">Piercarlo Ghinzani</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:white;">DNS </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:white;">DNS </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#efcfff;">Ret </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="23">Sources:<sup id="cite_ref-MotorsportStats_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MotorsportStats-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <ul><li>† – The driver did not finish the Grand Prix, but was classified, as he completed over 90% of the race distance.</li> <li>‡ – Half points awarded as less than 75% of the race distance was completed.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toleman&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHilton2010" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AUSmotive.com&rft.atitle=Australian+MINI+CHALLENGE+under+new+management&rft.date=2008-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ausmotive.com%2F2008%2F09%2F10%2Faustralian-mini-challenge-under-new-management.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToleman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFoster2014" class="citation web cs1">Foster, Ed (7 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/october-2013/123/sidetracked-with-one-mans-attempt-to-visit-all-fou/">"Sidetracked with Ed Foster"</a>. <i>Motor Sport Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Motor+Sport+Magazine&rft.atitle=Sidetracked+with+Ed+Foster&rft.date=2014-07-07&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motorsportmagazine.com%2Farchive%2Farticle%2Foctober-2013%2F123%2Fsidetracked-with-one-mans-attempt-to-visit-all-fou%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToleman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MotorsportStats-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MotorsportStats_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://motorsportstats.com/team/toleman/results">"Toleman Group Motorsport Results"</a>. <i>Motorsport Stats</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Motorsport+Stats&rft.atitle=Toleman+Group+Motorsport+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmotorsportstats.com%2Fteam%2Ftoleman%2Fresults&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToleman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/teams/toleman/">"Toleman"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Motor_Sport_(magazine)" title="Motor Sport (magazine)">Motor Sport</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Motor+Sport&rft.atitle=Toleman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motorsportmagazine.com%2Fdatabase%2Fteams%2Ftoleman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToleman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toleman&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcz.com/f1/team/toleman.htm">MCZ.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/con-tolem.html">Grandprix.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Toleman" title="Template:Toleman"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#EB2230">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Toleman" title="Template talk:Toleman"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#EB2230">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Toleman" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Toleman"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#EB2230">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Toleman_Motorsport250" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0402C5">Toleman Motorsport</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Founders</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ted_Toleman" title="Ted Toleman">Ted Toleman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Toleman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Toleman (page does not exist)">Bob Toleman</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Personnel</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rory_Byrne" title="Rory Byrne">Rory Byrne</a></dd> <dd>John Gentry</dd> <dd>Alex Hawkridge</dd> <dd>George McAllister</dd> <dd>Roger Silman</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pat_Symonds" title="Pat Symonds">Pat Symonds</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Walton_(Formula_One)" title="John Walton (Formula One)">John Walton</a></dd> <dd>Christopher Witty</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Drivers</dt> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Derek_Warwick" title="Derek Warwick">Derek Warwick</a></dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Teo_Fabi" title="Teo Fabi">Teo Fabi</a></dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ayrton_Senna" title="Ayrton Senna">Ayrton Senna</a></dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Giacomelli" title="Bruno Giacomelli">Bruno Giacomelli</a></dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela_%281930%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cecotto" title="Johnny Cecotto">Johnny Cecotto</a></dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Piercarlo_Ghinzani" title="Piercarlo Ghinzani">Piercarlo Ghinzani</a></dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/60px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Johansson" title="Stefan Johansson">Stefan Johansson</a></dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Henton" title="Brian Henton">Brian Henton</a></dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pierluigi_Martini" title="Pierluigi Martini">Pierluigi Martini</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> cars</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG181" title="Toleman TG181">TG181</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG181" title="Toleman TG181">TG181B</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG181" title="Toleman TG181">TG181C</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG183" title="Toleman TG183">TG183</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG183" title="Toleman TG183">TG183B</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG184" title="Toleman TG184">TG184</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG185" title="Toleman TG185">TG185</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Formula_Two" title="Formula Two">Formula Two</a> cars</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Toleman_TG280" title="Toleman TG280">TG280</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Related</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Team_Enstone" title="Team Enstone">Team Enstone</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/FISA%E2%80%93FOCA_war" title="FISA–FOCA war">FISA–FOCA war</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hart_Racing_Engines" title="Hart Racing Engines">Hart Racing Engines</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Formula_One_constructors511" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed 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href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_constructors" title="List of Formula One constructors">Formula One constructors</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2025_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2025 Formula One World Championship">2025 season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_F1_Team" title="Alpine F1 Team">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin_in_Formula_One" title="Aston Martin in Formula One">Aston Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Ferrari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Grand_Prix_results" title="Ferrari Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haas_F1_Team" title="Haas F1 Team">Haas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLaren" title="McLaren">McLaren</a> (<a href="/wiki/McLaren_Grand_Prix_results" title="McLaren Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_in_Formula_One" title="Mercedes-Benz in Formula One">Mercedes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Grand_Prix_results" title="Mercedes-Benz Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_Bulls" title="Racing Bulls">Racing Bulls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Racing" title="Red Bull Racing">Red Bull</a> (<a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Racing_Grand_Prix_results" title="Red Bull Racing Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauber_Motorsport" title="Sauber Motorsport">Sauber</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sauber_Grand_Prix_results" title="Sauber Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_Racing" title="Williams Racing">Williams</a> (<a href="/wiki/Williams_Grand_Prix_results" title="Williams Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alex_von_Falkenhausen_Motorenbau" title="Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau">AFM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobiles_Gonfaronnaises_Sportives" title="Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives">AGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_in_Formula_One" title="Alfa Romeo in Formula One">Alfa Romeo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_Grand_Prix_results" title="Alfa Romeo Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuderia_AlphaTauri" title="Scuderia AlphaTauri">AlphaTauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alta_Car_and_Engineering_Company" title="Alta Car and Engineering Company">Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Amon_Racing" title="Chris Amon Racing">Amon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Moda_Formula" title="Andrea Moda Formula">Andrea Moda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollon_(Formula_One)" title="Apollon (Formula One)">Apollon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrows_Grand_Prix_International" title="Arrows Grand Prix International">Arrows</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arrows_Grand_Prix_results" title="Arrows Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arzani-Volpini" title="Arzani-Volpini">Arzani-Volpini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Butterworth" title="Aston Butterworth">Aston-Butterworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobili_Turismo_e_Sport" title="Automobili Turismo e Sport">ATS (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATS_Wheels" title="ATS Wheels">ATS (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_American_Racing" title="British American Racing">BAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behra-Porsche" title="Behra-Porsche">Behra-Porsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellasi" title="Bellasi">Bellasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benetton_Formula" title="Benetton Formula">Benetton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Benetton_Grand_Prix_results" title="Benetton Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_in_Formula_One" title="BMW in Formula One">BMW</a> (<a href="/wiki/BMW_Grand_Prix_results" title="BMW Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boro_(Formula_One)" title="Boro (Formula One)">Boro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brabham" title="Brabham">Brabham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brabham_Grand_Prix_results" title="Brabham Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brawn_GP" title="Brawn GP">Brawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Racing_Motors" title="British Racing Motors">BRM</a> (<a href="/wiki/BRM_Grand_Prix_results" title="BRM Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Racing_Partnership" title="British Racing Partnership">BRP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugatti" title="Bugatti">Bugatti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bugatti_Grand_Prix_results" title="Bugatti Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterham_F1" title="Caterham F1">Caterham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisitalia" title="Cisitalia">Cisitalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Coloni" title="Scuderia Coloni">Coloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connaught_Engineering" title="Connaught Engineering">Connaught</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connew" title="Connew">Connew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Car_Company" title="Cooper Car Company">Cooper</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cooper_Grand_Prix_results" title="Cooper Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallara" title="Dallara">Dallara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Tomaso" title="De Tomaso">De Tomaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derrington-Francis" title="Derrington-Francis">Derrington-Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_American_Racers" title="All American Racers">Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eifelland" title="Eifelland">Eifelland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emeryson" title="Emeryson">Emeryson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenacher_Motorenwerk" title="Eisenacher Motorenwerk">EMW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89curie_Nationale_Belge" title="Écurie Nationale Belge">ENB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensign_Racing" title="Ensign Racing">Ensign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Racing_Automobiles" title="English Racing Automobiles">ERA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EuroBrun" title="EuroBrun">EuroBrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_Research" title="Ferguson Research">Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fittipaldi_Automotive" title="Fittipaldi Automotive">Fittipaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fondmetal" title="Fondmetal">Fondmetal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footwork_Arrows" title="Footwork Arrows">Footwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_India" title="Force India">Force India</a> (<a href="/wiki/Force_India_Grand_Prix_results" title="Force India Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_Point_Force_India" title="Racing Point Force India">Force India (Racing Point)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forti" title="Forti">Forti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Forti_racing_record" title="Forti racing record">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazer_Nash" title="Frazer Nash">Frazer Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fry_(racing_team)" title="Fry (racing team)">Fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilby_Engineering" title="Gilby Engineering">Gilby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordini" title="Gordini">Gordini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Greifzu" title="Paul Greifzu">Greifzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesketh_Racing" title="Hesketh Racing">Hesketh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_Hill" title="Embassy Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One" title="Honda in Formula One">Honda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Honda_Grand_Prix_results" title="Honda Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HRT_Formula_1_Team" title="HRT Formula 1 Team">HRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hersham_and_Walton_Motors" title="Hersham and Walton Motors">HWM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Racing" title="Jaguar Racing">Jaguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBW" title="JBW">JBW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix" title="Jordan Grand Prix">Jordan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix_results" title="Jordan Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kauhsen" title="Kauhsen">Kauhsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klenk" title="Klenk">Klenk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kojima_Engineering" title="Kojima Engineering">Kojima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurtis_Kraft" title="Kurtis Kraft">Kurtis Kraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Lancia" title="Scuderia Lancia">Lancia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larrousse" title="Larrousse">Larrousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LDS_(automobile)" title="LDS (automobile)">LDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEC_Refrigeration_Racing" title="LEC Refrigeration Racing">LEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyton_House_Racing" title="Leyton House Racing">Leyton House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Racing_Engines" title="Life Racing Engines">Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89quipe_Ligier" title="Équipe Ligier">Ligier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lola_Cars" title="Lola Cars">Lola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haas_Lola" title="Haas Lola">Lola (Haas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MasterCard_Lola" title="MasterCard Lola">Lola (MasterCard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Lotus" title="Team Lotus">Lotus (1958–1994)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lotus_Grand_Prix_results" title="Lotus Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Lotus_(2010%E2%80%932011)" title="Team Lotus (2010–2011)">Lotus (2010–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_F1" title="Lotus F1">Lotus (2012–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyncar" title="Lyncar">Lyncar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maki_Engineering" title="Maki Engineering">Maki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_Engineering" title="March Engineering">March</a> (<a href="/wiki/March_Grand_Prix_results" title="March Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobiles_Martini" title="Automobiles Martini">Martini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marussia_F1" title="Marussia F1">Marussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maserati_in_motorsport" title="Maserati in motorsport">Maserati</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maserati_Grand_Prix_results" title="Maserati Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equipe_Matra_Sports" title="Equipe Matra Sports">Matra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBM_(automobile)" title="MBM (automobile)">MBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGuire_(Formula_One)" title="McGuire (Formula One)">McGuire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merzario" title="Merzario">Merzario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland_F1_Racing" title="Midland F1 Racing">Midland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Milano" title="Scuderia Milano">Milano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minardi" title="Minardi">Minardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modena_(racing_team)" title="Modena (racing team)">Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manor_Racing" title="Manor Racing">MRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onyx_Grand_Prix" title="Onyx Grand Prix">Onyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O.S.C.A." title="O.S.C.A.">OSCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osella" title="Osella">Osella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Racing" title="Pacific Racing">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vel%27s_Parnelli_Jones_Racing" title="Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing">Parnelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Penske" title="Team Penske">Penske</a> (<a href="/wiki/Penske_Grand_Prix_results" title="Penske Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_in_motorsport" title="Porsche in motorsport">Porsche</a> (<a href="/wiki/Porsche_Grand_Prix_results" title="Porsche Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prost_Grand_Prix" title="Prost Grand Prix">Prost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protos_(constructor)" title="Protos (constructor)">Protos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_Point_F1_Team" title="Racing Point F1 Team">Racing Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAM_Racing" title="RAM Racing">RAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realpha" title="Realpha">Realpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebaque" title="Rebaque">Rebaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renault_in_Formula_One" title="Renault in Formula One">Renault</a> (<a href="/wiki/Renault_Grand_Prix_results" title="Renault Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynard_Motorsport" title="Reynard Motorsport">Reynard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rial_Racing" title="Rial Racing">Rial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarab_(constructor)" title="Scarab (constructor)">Scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scirocco-Powell" title="Scirocco-Powell">Scirocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Racing_Cars" title="Shadow Racing Cars">Shadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Racing_Cars" title="Shannon Racing Cars">Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simtek" title="Simtek">Simtek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_Racing" title="Spirit Racing">Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyker_F1" title="Spyker F1">Spyker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stebro" title="Stebro">Stebro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Grand_Prix" title="Stewart Grand Prix">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Aguri_F1" title="Super Aguri F1">Super Aguri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surtees_Racing_Organisation" title="Surtees Racing Organisation">Surtees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societ%C3%A0_Valdostana_Automobili" title="Società Valdostana Automobili">SVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbot-Lago" title="Talbot-Lago">Talbot-Lago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tec-Mec" title="Tec-Mec">Tec-Mec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecno_(motorsport)" title="Tecno (motorsport)">Tecno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Racing" title="Theodore Racing">Theodore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Toro_Rosso" title="Scuderia Toro Rosso">Toro Rosso</a> (<a href="/wiki/Toro_Rosso_Grand_Prix_results" title="Toro Rosso Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Token_Racing" title="Token Racing">Token</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Toleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_in_Formula_One" title="Toyota in Formula One">Toyota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan%E2%80%93Tauranac_Racing" title="Trojan–Tauranac Racing">Trojan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrrell_Racing" title="Tyrrell Racing">Tyrrell</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tyrrell_Grand_Prix_results" title="Tyrrell Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanwall" title="Vanwall">Vanwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veritas_(automobile)" title="Veritas (automobile)">Veritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing">Virgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Williams_Racing_Cars" title="Frank Williams Racing Cars">Williams (FWRC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Wolf_Racing" title="Walter Wolf Racing">Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakspeed" title="Zakspeed">Zakspeed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audi_in_Formula_One" title="Audi in Formula One">Audi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bravo_F1" title="Bravo F1">Bravo F1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac_in_Formula_One" title="Cadillac in Formula One">Cadillac</a> (confirmed for 2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAMS" title="DAMS">DAMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direxiv" title="Direxiv">Direxiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_(constructor)" title="Dome (constructor)">Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Racing" title="First Racing">FIRST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitech_Grand_Prix#Formula_One" title="Hitech Grand Prix">Hitech GP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Finance" title="Phoenix Finance">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prodrive_F1" title="Prodrive F1">Prodrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Grand_Prix" title="Stefan Grand Prix">Stefan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_F1_Team" title="US F1 Team">US F1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span style="font-size: 85%;">Although World Championship races held in 1952 and 1953 were run to Formula Two regulations, constructors who only participated during this period are included herein to maintain Championship continuity.<br />Constructors whose only participation in the World Championship was in the <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_500" title="Indianapolis 500">Indianapolis 500</a> races between 1950 and 1960 are not listed.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toleman&oldid=1277690108">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toleman&oldid=1277690108</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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