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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-簡介" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#簡介"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>簡介</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-簡介-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关簡介子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-簡介-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-機制" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#機制"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>機制</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-機制-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-鏈式反應" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#鏈式反應"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>鏈式反應</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-鏈式反應-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-核反應堆" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#核反應堆"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>核反應堆</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-核反應堆-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-原子彈" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#原子彈"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>原子彈</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-原子彈-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>参見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">核裂变</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。106种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-106" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">106种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernsplyting" title="Kernsplyting – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kernsplyting" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernspaltung" title="Kernspaltung – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kernspaltung" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisi%C3%B3n_nucleyar" title="Fisión nucleyar – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fisión nucleyar" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%8A" title="انشطار نووي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انشطار نووي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisi%C3%B3n_nuclear" title="Fisión nuclear – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fisión nuclear" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BCv%C9%99_par%C3%A7alanmas%C4%B1" title="Nüvə parçalanması – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nüvə parçalanması" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Ядро бүленеше – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ядро бүленеше" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondoulu_dal%C4%97j%C4%97masis" title="Kondoulu dalėjėmasis – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kondoulu dalėjėmasis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Дзяленне ядра – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дзяленне ядра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Дзяленьне ядра – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дзяленьне ядра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Ядрено делене – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ядрено делене" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8" title="নিউক্লীয় বিভাজন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিউক্লীয় বিভাজন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuklearna_fisija" title="Nuklearna fisija – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nuklearna fisija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fissi%C3%B3_nuclear" title="Fissió nuclear – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fissió nuclear" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="کەرتبوونی ناوکی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کەرتبوونی ناوکی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0t%C4%9Bpn%C3%A1_jadern%C3%A1_reakce" title="Štěpná jaderná reakce – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Štěpná jaderná reakce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ymholltiad_niwclear" title="Ymholltiad niwclear – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ymholltiad niwclear" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fission" title="Fission – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fission" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernspaltung" title="Kernspaltung – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kernspaltung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisyono_nukleer" title="Fisyono nukleer – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Fisyono nukleer" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%87%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Πυρηνική σχάση – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πυρηνική σχάση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nuclear fission" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisio" title="Fisio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fisio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisi%C3%B3n_nuclear" title="Fisión nuclear – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fisión nuclear" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuumal%C3%B5hustumine" title="Tuumalõhustumine – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tuumalõhustumine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisio_nuklear" title="Fisio nuklear – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fisio nuklear" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA_%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="شکافت هسته‌ای – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شکافت هسته‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fissio" title="Fissio – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fissio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fission_nucl%C3%A9aire" title="Fission nucléaire – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fission nucléaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kialkl%C3%BC%C3%BCwang" title="Kialklüüwang – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kialklüüwang" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eamhn%C3%BA_n%C3%BAicl%C3%A9ach" title="Eamhnú núicléach – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eamhnú núicléach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisi%C3%B3n_nuclear" title="Fisión nuclear – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fisión nuclear" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99" title="ביקוע גרעיני – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביקוע גרעיני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="विखण्डन – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विखण्डन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Nuclear fission" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuklearna_fisija" title="Nuklearna fisija – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nuklearna fisija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghasad%C3%A1s" title="Maghasadás – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Maghasadás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF%D5%AB_%D5%B3%D5%A5%D5%B2%D6%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Միջուկի ճեղքում – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միջուկի ճեղքում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fission_nuclear" title="Fission nuclear – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Fission nuclear" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisi_nuklir" title="Fisi nuklir – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fisi nuklir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fission_Nucleari" title="Fission Nucleari – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Fission Nucleari" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjarnaklofnun" title="Kjarnaklofnun – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kjarnaklofnun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fissione_nucleare" title="Fissione nucleare – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fissione nucleare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%8D%E5%BF%9C" title="核分裂反応 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="核分裂反応" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%E1%BA%93uni_a%C9%A3isan" title="Aẓuni aɣisan – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aẓuni aɣisan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%96" title="Ядроның бөлінуі – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ядроның бөлінуі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%A8_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%86" title="ಪರಮಾಣು ವಿದಳನ ಕ್ರಿಯೆ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪರಮಾಣು ವಿದಳನ ಕ್ರಿಯೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%B5%EB%B6%84%EC%97%B4" title="핵분열 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="핵분열" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BD%D2%AF%D1%88%D2%AF" title="Атом ядросунун бөлүнүшү – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Атом ядросунун бөлүнүшү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fissio_nuclearis" title="Fissio nuclearis – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fissio nuclearis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernsplieting" title="Kernsplieting – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kernsplieting" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fission_nuclear" title="Fission nuclear – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Fission nuclear" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branduolio_dalijimasis" title="Branduolio dalijimasis – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Branduolio dalijimasis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodolu_dal%C4%AB%C5%A1an%C4%81s" title="Kodolu dalīšanās – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kodolu dalīšanās" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Јадрено цепење – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јадрено цепење" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%98%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="അണുവിഘടനം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അണുവിഘടനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D3%A9%D0%BC_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Цөм задрах урвал – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цөм задрах урвал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="अणुकेंद्रीय विखंडन – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अणुकेंद्रीय विखंडन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembelahan_nuklear" title="Pembelahan nuklear – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pembelahan nuklear" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%96%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="နယူးကလိယား ဖစ်ရှင်း – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နယူးကလိယား ဖစ်ရှင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnspleten" title="Karnspleten – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Karnspleten" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="नाभिकीय विखण्डन – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नाभिकीय विखण्डन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernsplijting" title="Kernsplijting – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kernsplijting" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisjon" title="Fisjon – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fisjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjernefysisk_fisjon" title="Kjernefysisk fisjon – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kjernefysisk fisjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fission_nucleara" title="Fission nucleara – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fission nucleara" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishinii_niwukilaraa" title="Fishinii niwukilaraa – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Fishinii niwukilaraa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9F" title="ਨਿਊਕਲੀ ਫੱਟ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਿਊਕਲੀ ਫੱਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozszczepienie_j%C4%85dra_atomowego" title="Rozszczepienie jądra atomowego – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rozszczepienie jądra atomowego" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fission_nuclear" title="Fission nuclear – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fission nuclear" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B4%D9%86" title="نیوکلیائی فشن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیوکلیائی فشن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%90_%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%90%D8%AF%D9%84" title="د هستې چاودېدل – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د هستې چاودېدل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiss%C3%A3o_nuclear" title="Fissão nuclear – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fissão nuclear" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B1uku_huk%27i_p%27akiy" title="Iñuku huk'i p'akiy – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iñuku huk'i p'akiy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiune_nuclear%C4%83" title="Fisiune nucleară – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fisiune nucleară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Деление ядра – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Деление ядра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fissioni_nucliari" title="Fissioni nucliari – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Fissioni nucliari" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Nuclear fission" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuklearna_fisija" title="Nuklearna fisija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nuklearna fisija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9B%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="න්‍යෂ්ටික විඛණ්ඩනය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="න්‍යෂ්ටික විඛණ්ඩනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nuclear fission" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0tiepenie_jadra_at%C3%B3mu" title="Štiepenie jadra atómu – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Štiepenie jadra atómu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jedrska_cepitev" title="Jedrska cepitev – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jedrska cepitev" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubanzura_Shomwe" title="Rubanzura Shomwe – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Rubanzura Shomwe" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisioni_b%C3%ABrthamor" title="Fisioni bërthamor – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fisioni bërthamor" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuklearna_fisija" title="Nuklearna fisija – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Nuklearna fisija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4%C3%A4denkleeuwenge" title="Käädenkleeuwenge – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Käädenkleeuwenge" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisi_nuklir" title="Fisi nuklir – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Fisi nuklir" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fission" title="Fission – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fission" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwatuko_wa_nyuklia" title="Mwatuko wa nyuklia – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mwatuko wa nyuklia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="அணுக்கருப் பிளவு – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அணுக்கருப் பிளவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9B%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="కేంద్రక విచ్ఛిత్తి – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కేంద్రక విచ్ఛిత్తి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA" title="การแบ่งแยกนิวเคลียส – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การแบ่งแยกนิวเคลียส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisyong_nukleyar" title="Pisyong nukleyar – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pisyong nukleyar" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BCkleer_fisyon" title="Nükleer fisyon – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nükleer fisyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D2%AF%D0%B5" title="Төшнең бүленүе – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төшнең бүленүе" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Поділ ядра – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Поділ ядра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DB%81%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%82" title="جوہری انشقاق – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جوہری انشقاق" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yadroning_bo%CA%BBlinishi" title="Yadroning boʻlinishi – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yadroning boʻlinishi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCd%C3%A4itukjagand" title="Südäitukjagand – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Südäitukjagand" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A3n_%E1%BB%A9ng_ph%C3%A2n_h%E1%BA%A1ch" title="Phản ứng phân hạch – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phản ứng phân hạch" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisyon_nukleyar" title="Fisyon nukleyar – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fisyon nukleyar" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98" title="核裂变 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="核裂变" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="ბირთვული დოხუალა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბირთვული დოხუალა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%90%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A8-%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="יאדער-שפאלטונג – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יאדער-שפאלטונג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E8%AE%8A" title="核裂變 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="核裂變" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11429#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nuclear_fission" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11429" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header 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.ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_English plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可参照<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fission" class="extiw" title="en:Nuclear fission">英語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>，译文需<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81#翻譯文章" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要">在编辑摘要注明来源</a>，或于讨论页顶部标记<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a>}}</code>标签。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuclear_fission.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Nuclear_fission.svg/250px-Nuclear_fission.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Nuclear_fission.svg/375px-Nuclear_fission.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Nuclear_fission.svg/500px-Nuclear_fission.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="482" /></a><figcaption><sup>235</sup>U 原子核的一种裂变过程，<sup>235</sup>U原子核吸收一個中子，變成<sup>236</sup>U原子核，然後<sup>236</sup>U原子核裂变成二個快速運動的較小原子核，並釋放三個中子，同時也會產生<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" title="伽马射线">伽马射线</a>（圖中未繪出）</figcaption></figure> <p><b>核分裂</b>（<span lang="en">nuclear fission</span>）又称<b>裂变反应</b>（fission reaction），是指較重的（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F%E6%95%B8" title="質量數">質量數</a>較大的）<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">原子核</a>分裂成兩個以上较輕（質量數较小的）原子核的過程<sup id="cite_ref-Nuclemistry_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nuclemistry-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，屬於一種<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="核反应">核反應</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性衰變">放射性衰變</a>的形式。核裂变是由<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%89%E6%BE%A4%C2%B7%E9%82%81%E7%89%B9%E7%B4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="莉澤·邁特納">莉澤·邁特納</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%81%A9" title="奥托·哈恩">奥托·哈恩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC" title="弗里茨·施特拉斯曼">弗里茨·施特拉斯曼</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="奥托·罗伯特·弗里施">奥托·罗伯特·弗里施</a>等科學家在1938年發現。 </p><p>某些重原子核經<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a>撞擊後，會分裂成為兩個較輕的原子，同時釋放出數個<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a>，並且以<a href="/wiki/%CE%93%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="Γ射线">γ射线</a>的方式釋放<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子">光子</a>。釋放出的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a>再去撞擊其它的重原子核，從而形成<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%AD%90%E9%80%A3%E9%8E%96%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" class="mw-redirect" title="核子連鎖反應">連鎖反應</a>而不斷分裂。原子核分裂時除放出中子還會放出大量熱能，核電廠用以發電的能量即來源於此。因此核裂变產物的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88%E8%83%BD" title="结合能">結合能</a>需大於反應物的結合能。這種人為誘發的核分裂屬於人工<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="核反应">核反應</a>的一種。<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE-235" title="鈾-235">鈾-235</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE-233" title="鈾-233">鈾-233</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A-239" class="mw-redirect" title="钚-239">鈽-239</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B4%A0" title="核素">核素</a>受中子衝擊後即有高機率發生分裂，具有維持連鎖反應的能力，稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="易分裂材料">易分裂材料</a>，早期<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BD%88" class="mw-redirect" title="原子彈">原子彈</a>使用鈽-239為原料製成，而核電廠則大多利用鈾-235裂變作為熱力源。 </p><p>除了人為刻意由中子撞擊誘發的核分裂外，某些重原子核不需要中子等外來因素的引發也會自發性地分裂，稱作<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8F%91%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" class="mw-redirect" title="自发分裂">自發分裂</a>，屬於一種<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性衰變">放射性衰變</a>的形式。自發分裂主要發生在一些質量數非常高的核素，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="鋦的同位素">鋦-250</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="锎的同位素">鉲-254</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="鐨的同位素">鐨-256</a>等。<sup id="cite_ref-Nuclemistry_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nuclemistry-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>自發分裂的產物組成有相當的機率性甚至<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E6%B2%8C%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="混沌理论">混沌性</a>，和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84" title="质子发射">质子发射</a>、<a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Α衰變">α衰變</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%87%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="簇衰变">簇衰变</a>等單純由量子穿隧產生的裂变不同，後面這些裂变的產物種類都是固定的。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="元素">元素</a>的核裂变會使其變成另一種化學元素，因此核裂变也是<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%81%B7%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="核遷變">核遷變</a>的一種。分裂所形成的二個原子質量會有些差異，对常見的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="易裂变材料">易裂变</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B4%A0" title="核素">核素</a>而言，形成的二個原子之質量比約為3:2<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。大部份的核裂变會形成二個原子，偶爾會有形成三個原子的核裂变，稱為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="三分裂變" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ternary fission"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82%E8%AE%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三分裂變（页面不存在）">三分裂變</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ternary_fission" class="extiw" title="en:ternary fission"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ternary fission</span></a></span>）</span></span>，大約每一千次會出現二至四次，其中形成的最小產物大小介於<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90" title="質子">質子</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="氬">氬</a>原子核之間。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BD%88" class="mw-redirect" title="原子彈">原子彈</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%B5%E7%AB%99" class="mw-redirect" title="核电站">核电站</a>的能量来源都是核裂变，这是因为<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="核燃料">核燃料</a>受到中子撞擊引發核裂变時也會釋放中子，因此產生<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%80%A3%E9%8E%96%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="核連鎖反應">核連鎖反應</a>，使核裂变持續進行。在核电站中，其能量產生速率控制在一個較小的速率，而在原子彈中能量以非常快速不受控制的方式釋放。由於每次核分裂釋放出的中子數量大於一個，因此若對鏈式反應不加以控制，同時發生的核分裂數目將在極短時間內以<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95%E7%B4%9A%E6%95%B8" title="幾何級數">幾何級数</a>形式增長。若聚集在一起的重核原子足夠多，將會瞬間釋放大量的能量。原子彈便應用了核分裂的這種特性。製成原子彈所使用的重核含量，需要在90%以上。 </p><p>核能發電應用中所使用的核燃料，鈾-235的含量通常很低，大約在3%到5%，因此不會產生核爆。但核電廠仍需要對反應爐中的中子數量加以控制，以防止功率過高造成<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%90%E5%BF%83%E7%86%94%E6%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="爐心熔毀">爐心熔毀</a>的事故。通常會在反應爐的<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A2%E5%8C%96%E5%89%82" class="mw-redirect" title="慢化剂">慢化劑</a>中添加<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼">硼</a>，並使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%A3%92" title="控制棒">控制棒</a>吸收燃料棒中的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a>以控制核分裂速度。從鎘以後的所有元素都能分裂。 </p><p>核分裂時，大部分的分裂中子均是一分裂就立即釋出，稱為瞬發中子，少部分則在之後（一至數十秒）才釋出，稱為延遲中子。 </p><p>核燃料的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="自由能">自由能</a>是相近质量的化学燃料如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E6%B2%B9" title="汽油">汽油</a>的几百万倍，这使核裂变成为非常密集的能量来源。但是核裂变产物的放射性平均要比通常用作燃料裂变的重元素高的多，并持续得更长，因而引出<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%BB%A2%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="核廢料">核废料</a>的问题。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="簡介"><span id=".E7.B0.A1.E4.BB.8B"></span>簡介</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：簡介"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="機制"><span id=".E6.A9.9F.E5.88.B6"></span>機制</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：機制"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UFission.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/UFission.gif/250px-UFission.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/UFission.gif/375px-UFission.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/UFission.gif/500px-UFission.gif 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>誘導核裂變事件，其中的慢中子被鈾235的原子核吸收，裂變成兩個快速移動，原子量較小的元素（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82%E7%94%A2%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="核分裂產物">核裂變產物</a>）及更多的中子。大部份的能量變成核裂變產物及中子的動能</figcaption></figure> <p>核裂变可以在沒有中子撞擊的情形下發生，這種核裂变稱為<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%99%BC%E8%A3%82%E8%AE%8A" title="自發裂變">自發裂變</a>，是一種少見的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性衰變">放射性衰變</a>形式，只發生在幾種較重的核素中。 </p><p>大部份的核裂变都是一種由中子撞擊誘發的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="核反应">核反應</a>，反應物裂变為二個較小的原子核。核反應是依中子撞擊的機制所產生，不會依照自發裂變中相對較固定的指數衰減及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F#物理學" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>特性所控制。 </p><p>現今已經知道許多種類的核反應，核裂變和其他核反應最大的不同點是核裂變是由中子撞擊所產生，而產生的多個自由中子會撞擊其他核子，會啟動更多的核裂變，因此成為<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%80%A3%E9%8E%96%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="核連鎖反應">核連鎖反應</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BE%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="链反应">链反应</a>的一種），有時可以控制一些條件來調整核連鎖反應的影響程度。 </p><p>可以產生核連鎖反應的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B4%A0" title="核素">核素</a>稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="核燃料">核燃料</a>，也稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="可裂变物质">可裂变物质</a>。其中最重要的是<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE235" class="mw-redirect" title="鈾235"><sup>235</sup>U</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">鈾</a>元素的同位素，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">原子量</a>235），以及<sup>239</sup>Pu（鈽元素的同位素，原子量239），這些核燃料分裂後大部份會形成原子量在95及135左右的元素（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82%E7%94%A2%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="核分裂產物">核裂變產物</a>）。大部份核燃料的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%99%BC%E8%A3%82%E8%AE%8A" title="自發裂變">自發裂變</a>非常緩慢，透過<a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Α粒子">α</a>/<a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Β粒子">β</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A%E9%8F%88" title="衰變鏈">衰變鏈</a>，時間從數<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E7%BA%AA" title="千纪">千紀</a>到數<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="地質年代">地質年代</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="核反应堆">核反应堆</a>或是<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="核武">核武</a>中，大部的核裂變是由中子的撞擊產生，而核裂變也會產生中子，引發更多的核裂變。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="鏈式反應"><span id=".E9.8F.88.E5.BC.8F.E5.8F.8D.E6.87.89"></span>鏈式反應</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：鏈式反應"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fission_chain_reaction.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Fission_chain_reaction.svg/300px-Fission_chain_reaction.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="462" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Fission_chain_reaction.svg/450px-Fission_chain_reaction.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Fission_chain_reaction.svg/600px-Fission_chain_reaction.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="766" /></a><figcaption>鏈式反應的圖。1.<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE-235" title="鈾-235">鈾-235</a>原子吸收<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a>，裂變成兩個較小的新原子，釋放三個中子及結合能。 2.其中一個中子被<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE-238" title="鈾-238">鈾-238</a>吸收，不會繼續鏈式反應，另一個中子沒有碰撞到其他的原子，最後一個中子碰撞到另一個鈾-235的原子核，釋放二個中子，繼續鏈式反應。3.這二個中子都碰撞到鈾-235的原子核，分別釋放1至3個中子，因此繼續鏈式反應</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%80%A3%E9%8E%96%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="核連鎖反應">核連鎖反應</a></div> <p>許多重元素，像是<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">鈾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">钍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚">钚</a>，會有由放射性衰變產生的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%99%BC%E8%A3%82%E8%AE%8A" title="自發裂變">自發裂變</a>，以及由中子引發的核反應。任何吸收中子可以發生核裂變的原子核稱為「<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="可裂变物质">可裂变物质</a>」（fissionable），但可以吸收緩慢移動的<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="热中子">熱中子</a>發生核裂變的原子核才能稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="可裂变物质">易裂变物质</a>（fissile）。一些特別的可裂变物质及其同位素（像<sup>233</sup>U, <sup>235</sup>U及<sup>239</sup>Pu）可以維持鏈式反應，而且可以提取足夠數量以供使用，這類的物質稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="核燃料">核燃料</a>。 </p><p>所有可裂变物质及易裂变物质都會有部份原子出現自發裂变，釋出一些<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="自由中子">自由中子</a>。自由中子的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>約15分鐘，之後會衰變為<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90" title="質子">質子</a>及<a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Β粒子">β粒子</a>，不過在半衰期之前中子就已撞擊到其他原子（新衰變的中子速度約為光速的7%，即使慢速的中子速度也是聲速的8倍。）。有些中子會撞擊原子，引發進一步的核裂变。若附近有夠多的核燃料，或者中子維持的夠久，發射出來的中子數量比離開核燃料的中子要多，此即為持續核連鎖反應。 </p><p>可以維持持續核連鎖反應的組件稱為臨界組件，若組件都是由核燃料組成，則稱為<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%A8%E7%95%8C%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F" title="臨界質量">臨界質量</a>。臨界一詞代表控制燃料中自由中子<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="微分方程">微分方程</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E9%BB%9E" title="尖點">尖點</a>，若質量小於臨界質量，中子的數量是由<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性衰變">放射性衰變</a>決定，若質量大於臨界質量，中子的數量則是由連鎖反應決定。臨界質量的實際質量會受幾何形狀及週圍材料的影響。 </p><p>不是所有可裂变物质都可以產生核連鎖反應，像<sup>238</sup>U是鈾元素中豐度最高的同位素，這是可裂变物质，不過不是易裂变物质。若有能量超過1 MeV的中子撞擊<sup>238</sup>U，會產生核裂变，不過其產生的中子能量大多數都無法再引發其他的裂变，因此這種同位素不會產生核連鎖反應。若用慢中子撞擊<sup>238</sup>U，<sup>238</sup>U會吸收中子（形成<sup>239</sup>U），並且<a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Β衰變">β衰變</a>，形成<sup>239</sup>Np，之後會再相同的程序衰變為<sup>239</sup>Pu。這也是中子增殖反应堆製造<sup>239</sup>Pu的方法。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="核反應堆"><span id=".E6.A0.B8.E5.8F.8D.E6.87.89.E5.A0.86"></span>核反應堆</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：核反應堆"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippsburg2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Philippsburg2.jpg/220px-Philippsburg2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Philippsburg2.jpg/330px-Philippsburg2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Philippsburg2.jpg/440px-Philippsburg2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>德國菲利普斯堡<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="核電廠">核電廠</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E5%8D%B4%E5%A1%94" class="mw-redirect" title="冷却塔">冷却塔</a></figcaption></figure> <p>臨界核反應堆是最常見的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="核反应堆">核反應堆</a>。在臨界核反應堆中，核燃料產生的中子會引發更多的核反應，因此維持可控制程度的能量。有些核反應堆無法自行持續產生核反應，稱為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="次臨界核反應堆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="subcritical fission reactors"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A1%E8%87%A8%E7%95%8C%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E5%A0%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="次臨界核反應堆（页面不存在）">次臨界核反應堆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/subcritical_fission_reactors" class="extiw" title="en:subcritical fission reactors"><span lang="en" dir="auto">subcritical fission reactors</span></a></span>）</span></span>。需利用<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" class="mw-redirect" title="核衰变">核衰變</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8" title="粒子加速器">粒子加速器</a>來引發核裂變。 </p><p>臨界核反應堆興建的原因有以下的三種，目的可能是因為需要核裂變中產生的能量或是中子，因此在工程上有不同的考量： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%83%BD%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="核能發電">核能發電</a>希望取得核裂變中產生的能量，可能是發電廠供電用，也可能是<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%AD%90%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E6%BD%9B%E8%89%87" title="核子動力潛艇">核子動力潛艇</a>的電源。</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="研究用核反應堆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Research reactor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%94%A8%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E5%A0%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="研究用核反應堆（页面不存在）">研究用核反應堆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_reactor" class="extiw" title="en:Research reactor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Research reactor</span></a></span>）</span></span>目的是取得中子及核放射性的元素，供科學、醫藥、工程或其他研究用途。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E5%A2%9E%E6%AE%96%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E7%88%90" class="mw-redirect" title="中子增殖反應爐">中子增殖反應爐</a>目的是從高<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%90%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="豐度">豐度</a>的同位素中提煉<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="核燃料">核燃料</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E5%A2%9E%E6%AE%96%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E7%88%90" class="mw-redirect" title="快中子增殖反應爐">快中子增殖反應爐</a>知名度較高，由自然界豐度高的<sup>238</sup>U（不是核燃料）中提煉<sup>239</sup>Pu。以往曾發展過熱中子增殖反應爐，用<sup>232</sup>Th提煉<sup>233</sup>U（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="釷燃料循環" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="thorium fuel cycle"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%B7%E7%87%83%E6%96%99%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="釷燃料循環（页面不存在）">釷燃料循環</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/thorium_fuel_cycle" class="extiw" title="en:thorium fuel cycle"><span lang="en" dir="auto">thorium fuel cycle</span></a></span>）</span></span>），仍在繼續發展中。</li></ul> <p>在原理上，所有的核反應堆都可以達到上述的三種目的，但在實務上，這三個的工程目的會互相衝突，大部份的核反應堆只會考慮其中一個目的（以往有些試圖達到所有目的的核反應堆，例如Hanford N-reactor，後來已沒有使用）。核能發電是將核裂變產物動能轉換為熱能，再加熱<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%B5%81%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="工作流體">工作流體</a>驅動<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="熱機">熱機</a>，來產生機械能或是電能。工作流體一般是水，配合蒸汽渦輪發動機，不過有些設計也會用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="氦气">氦氣</a>或液態金屬為工作流體。研究用核反應堆製造中子，可以用在許多領域，而核裂變產生的熱會視為不可用的廢熱。中子增殖反應爐是特別的研究用核反應堆，要處理的就是燃料本身，是<sup>238</sup>U和<sup>235</sup>U的混合物。 </p><p>若要進一步的了解臨界核反應堆的物理及操作方式，請參考<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="核反應堆物理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="nuclear reactor physics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E5%A0%86%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="核反應堆物理（页面不存在）">核反應堆物理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nuclear_reactor_physics" class="extiw" title="en:nuclear reactor physics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">nuclear reactor physics</span></a></span>）</span></span>，若要進一步的了解在社會、政治及環境的層面的觀點，請參考<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%AD%90%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="核子動力">核子動力</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="原子彈"><span id=".E5.8E.9F.E5.AD.90.E5.BD.88"></span>原子彈</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：原子彈"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nagasakibomb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Nagasakibomb.jpg/220px-Nagasakibomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Nagasakibomb.jpg/330px-Nagasakibomb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Nagasakibomb.jpg/440px-Nagasakibomb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3245" data-file-height="3877" /></a><figcaption>1945年<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B3%B6%E8%88%87%E9%95%B7%E5%B4%8E%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BD%88%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8" title="廣島與長崎原子彈爆炸">長崎原子彈爆炸</a>時，在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90" title="震源">震源</a>出現的<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%91%E8%8F%87%E9%9B%B2" title="蘑菇雲">蘑菇雲</a>，往上高達18公里（11英里）。這次轟炸造成至少六萬人的死亡<sup id="cite_ref-rerf-deaths_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rerf-deaths-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BD%88" class="mw-redirect" title="原子彈">原子彈</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="核武器">核武器</a>的一種，是利用核裂变的能量來進行破壞的武器。原子彈是特殊設計的核反應堆，要在原子彈因本身釋放能量而爆炸之前，儘快將大量的能量釋放出來。早期研究核裂变的一個目的就是為了發展原子彈。美國的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%93%88%E9%A0%93%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="曼哈頓計劃">曼哈頓計劃</a>集合了早期研究核裂变鏈反應的許多科研成果，進行了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94%E6%A0%B8%E8%A9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="三位一體核試">三位一體核試</a>，並在1945年8月在日本<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B2%9B%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="广岛市">廣島</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%B4%8E%E5%B8%82" title="长崎市">長崎</a>投放了<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%94%B7%E5%AD%A9%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BD%88" title="小男孩原子彈">小男孩</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%96%E5%AD%90_(%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BC%B9)" class="mw-redirect" title="胖子 (原子弹)">胖子</a>二顆原子彈<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 。 </p><p>就算是第一次的原子彈，其<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8" title="爆炸">爆炸</a>威力也比等重的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="化學炸藥" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chemical explosive"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%82%B8%E8%97%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化學炸藥（页面不存在）">化學炸藥</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_explosive" class="extiw" title="en:Chemical explosive"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chemical explosive</span></a></span>）</span></span>多了數千倍。例如，小男孩原子彈的重量約4噸，其中60公斤是核燃料，約3.4公尺長，其爆炸威力相當於15000噸的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A1%9D%E5%9F%BA%E7%94%B2%E8%8B%AF" title="三硝基甲苯">TNT</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，摧毀廣島市大部份的建築。現代的核武器（包括氫彈等）比第一代等重的純核裂变武器破壞力又多了數百倍（參見<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E5%BD%93%E9%87%8F" title="核武器当量">核武器当量</a>），因此現代的核导弹弹头只有小男孩核燃料重量的1/8（例如<a href="/wiki/W88" title="W88">W88</a>），TNT當量為475,000 噸，可摧毀比城市大十倍的區域。 </p><p>原子彈和受控的核反應堆其核裂变鏈反應的物理基礎是相同的，但在工程設計上有很大的不同，原子彈的目的是一次釋放其所有的能量，而核反應堆會希望持續的釋放能量。若是核反應堆過熱，產生<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%86%E8%8A%AF%E7%86%94%E6%AF%80" title="堆芯熔毀">堆芯熔毀</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8" title="蒸汽爆炸">蒸汽爆炸</a>，因為核反應堆<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%83%E7%B8%AE%E9%88%BE" title="濃縮鈾">濃縮鈾</a>的濃度比原子彈低很多，因此不可能像原子彈爆炸一樣造成大型的破壞<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>現行技術要從原子彈中提取有用的能量仍非常困難，原因在於燃料濃度差距過於巨大，現階段將核子武器的高濃度武器等級燃料（~95%）稀釋為民用等級（3~10%）並不符合經濟效益。對於直接利用核子武器本身獲取能量較為人所知的方式有二： </p><p>一、美軍冷戰時期大多數核子動力潛艦及核子動力航空母艦反應爐為提高燃料更換週期，因此使用退役核子彈頭所使用的高濃縮鈾作為反應爐燃料棒（A4W、S6G、S8G、A1B、S9G，93.5%），美國海軍於1992年關閉了朴次茅茲的濃縮鈾提煉工廠。 </p><p>**此處應注意** </p><p>1.不同國家所採用的反應爐設計及燃料濃度皆有差異，法國為之中特例，其全系列艦用反應爐皆使用3~10%低純度濃縮鈾。 </p><p>2.即使濃度已達武器等級，但由於臨界值量、臨界外型及燃料配方皆與核子武器的設計不同，亦缺乏誘爆機制，因此仍無法產生核子武器不受控分裂反應的效果。 </p><p>二、<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="火箭">火箭</a>推進系統<a href="/wiki/Orion" class="mw-redirect" title="Orion">Orion</a>，計劃在太空船後面加上大量的保護及屏蔽，然後在太空船的後面引爆原子彈。 </p><p>核武器在<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%95%A5" title="軍事戰略">軍事戰略</a>上的重要性也造成核裂变的技術有高度的政治敏感度。在工程觀點來看，現行的原子彈還算簡單。但核燃料難以取得是大部份國家無法製造原子彈的原因，只有少數的現代工業國家才有核燃料，而且有特別的計劃來製造核燃料（參照<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%83%E7%B8%AE%E9%88%BE" title="濃縮鈾">濃縮鈾</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%87%83%E6%96%99%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" title="核燃料循环">核燃料循环</a>）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>核裂变是在1938年在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="马克斯·普朗克化学研究所">威廉皇帝化學学会</a>的建築物中發現的（現今的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="柏林自由大学">柏林自由大学</a>內），當時<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7" title="放射性">放射性</a>科學的研究以及描述<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子">原子</a>內部的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子核物理学">原子核物理学</a>已進行了快五十年。<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E7%91%9F%E7%A6%8F" title="欧内斯特·卢瑟福">欧内斯特·卢瑟福</a>在1911年提出了原子模型（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E7%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="拉塞福模型">拉塞福模型</a>），其中有體積很小、高密度且帶正電的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%AD%90" title="核子">核子</a>，其中包含許多<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90" title="質子">質子</a>（當時還沒發現中子），周圍有許多在軌道上運動，帶有負電的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="電子">電子</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%8E%BB%E5%B0%94" title="尼尔斯·玻尔">尼尔斯·玻尔</a>1913年在此為基礎，再加入電子的量子特性（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%80%B3%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="波耳模型">波耳模型</a>）。而<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%92" title="亨利·貝克勒">亨利·貝克勒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E7%A6%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="瑪麗·居禮">瑪麗·居禮</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E7%A6%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="皮埃爾·居禮">皮埃爾·居禮</a>的研究以及卢瑟福進一步的研究指出，雖然原子核的束縛力強，但雖然會有不同形式的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" class="mw-redirect" title="核衰变">核衰變</a>（像<a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Α衰變">α衰變</a>會放出<a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Α粒子">α粒子</a>，也就是氦原子核，其中有二個中子和二個質子），之後<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%AC%97%E5%8F%98" title="核嬗变">嬗变</a>為其他元素。 </p><p>科學家當時已對<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" class="mw-redirect" title="核衰变">核衰变</a>進行一些研究。卢瑟福在1917年利用α粒子撞擊，將氮原子<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性衰變">衰变</a>為氧原子: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{14}_{\ 7}N\ +_{\ 2}^{\ 4}He{\xrightarrow[{}]{}}\ _{\ 8}^{17}O\ +_{\ 1}^{\ 1}p} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>14</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em" /> </munderover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>17</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{14}_{\ 7}N\ +_{\ 2}^{\ 4}He{\xrightarrow[{}]{}}\ _{\ 8}^{17}O\ +_{\ 1}^{\ 1}p} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b3b17187054ec63fa026c9aba93d89c01965104e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.654ex; margin-top: -0.388ex; margin-bottom: -0.518ex; width:24.388ex; height:4.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{14}_{\ 7}N\ +_{\ 2}^{\ 4}He{\xrightarrow[{}]{}}\ _{\ 8}^{17}O\ +_{\ 1}^{\ 1}p} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>這是第一次觀測到的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="核反应">核反應</a>，也就是設法讓一個粒子衰變，產生其他粒子。1932年卢瑟福的同事<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E9%A1%BF" title="欧内斯特·沃尔顿">欧内斯特·沃尔顿</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%80%83%E5%85%8B%E9%A5%B6%E5%A4%AB" title="约翰·考克饶夫">約翰·考克饒夫</a>完成了一個完全人工的核反應和核嬗变，利用人工加速的質子撞擊鋰-7，將其撞擊成二個α粒子，這當時稱為「分裂原子」，不過這個和後來重元素的核裂变不同<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。當時也在研究「結合原子」（即<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88" class="mw-redirect" title="核融合">核融合</a>）的可能性。第一個人工的核融合是<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E5%8A%9B%E5%B3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="马克·欧力峰">馬克·歐力峰</a>在1932年開始的，用二個加速的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%98" title="氘">氘</a>原子核（含有一個中子和一個質子）融合為一個氦原子核<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>英國科學家<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%85%8B" title="詹姆斯·查德威克">詹姆斯·查德威克</a>在1932年發現<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，之後<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E9%87%8C%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3" title="恩里科·费米">恩里科·費米</a>和他在羅馬的同事在1934年研究用中子撞擊原子序為92的鈾原子<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。費米認為他們的實驗產生了有93個質子及94個質子的元素，命名為<a href="/wiki/Ausonium" title="Ausonium">Ausonium</a>及<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="hesperium" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="hesperium"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hesperium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hesperium（页面不存在）">hesperium</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hesperium" class="extiw" title="en:hesperium"><span lang="en" dir="auto">hesperium</span></a></span>）</span></span>，不過有些科學家不認同費米下的結論。德國科學家<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E8%AF%BA%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%8B" title="伊达·诺达克">伊达·诺达克</a>在1934年提出質疑，認為產生的不是一個新的，原子序93的元素，而是「原子核被分為數個較大的碎片。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。只是當時很少人支持诺达克的論點。 </p><p>在費米發表後，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%81%A9" title="奥托·哈恩">奧托·哈恩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%89%E6%BE%A4%C2%B7%E9%82%81%E7%89%B9%E7%B4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="莉澤·邁特納">莉澤·邁特納</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC" title="弗里茨·施特拉斯曼">弗里茨·施特拉斯曼</a>等人在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="柏林">柏林</a>進行類似的實驗。迈特纳是個奥地利犹太人，因為納粹1938年占領奥地利而失去了身份，迈特纳逃到瑞典，但繼續和哈恩通信。當迈特纳在12月19日收到哈恩的信，有一些化學的證據證實由中子撞擊鈾產生的原子是<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%87" class="mw-redirect" title="鋇">鋇</a> ，剛好她的姪子<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="奥托·罗伯特·弗里施">奥托·罗伯特·弗里施</a>也在瑞典。哈恩認為是原子核的爆破，但他不知道有關此結果對應的物理基礎為何。鋇的原子量比鈾少40%，而當時還沒有任何已知的衰變會讓質量有這麼大的變化。弗里施懷疑此結果，但迈特纳相信哈恩在化學上的專業。迈特纳和弗里施正確的詮釋了哈恩實驗的結果，鈾原子核被分為大約兩半。弗里施建議此過程可以稱為「核分裂」，借用生物學中一個細胞分為二個細胞的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" class="mw-redirect" title="細胞分裂">細胞分裂</a>。 </p><p>哈恩和施特拉斯曼在1938年12月22日提出了手稿給《<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="自然科学">自然科学</a>》雜誌，說明他們用中子撞擊鈾，發現了<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%87" class="mw-redirect" title="鋇">鋇</a>元素<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同時他們也將實驗結果寄給在瑞典的迈特纳，迈特纳和弗里施正確的將此結果詮釋為核裂变的證據<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。弗里施在1939年1月13日確認此aaa實驗<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。因為證實了由中子撞擊鈾產生的鋇是核裂变的產物，哈恩獲得了1944年的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="諾貝爾化學獎">諾貝爾化學獎</a>，原因是「發現重原子核的核裂变」（此獎項在1945年才給哈恩，因為諾貝爾委員會認為1944年化學獎的提名人都不符合諾貝爾的遺願，此時諾貝爾委員會可以將獎項留到第二年再頒發。）<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参見"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A6.8B"></span>参見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：参見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/32px-Radioactive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/48px-Radioactive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/64px-Radioactive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="446" /></span></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%A0%B8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="Portal:核技术">核技术主题</a></span></li> <li 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.div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:2; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="核裂变产物">核裂变产物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E6%8E%A8%E8%BF%9B" title="核动力推进">核动力推进</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%81%9A%E5%8F%98" title="核聚变">核聚变</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" class="mw-redirect" title="核衰变">核衰变</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%A2%9E%E6%AE%96%E7%88%90" 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class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">魏明通. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=S8wRoI6d4T0C&pg=PA191">核化學</a>. 五南圖書出版股份有限公司. 2005. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-957-11-3632-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-957-11-3632-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-957-11-3632-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&rft.au=%E9%AD%8F%E6%98%8E%E9%80%9A&rft.btitle=%E6%A0%B8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-957-11-3632-5&rft.pub=%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS8wRoI6d4T0C%26pg%3DPA191&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Arora, M. 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Anmol Publications. 1994: 202 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-04-02</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/81-261-1763-X" title="Special:网络书源/81-261-1763-X"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 81-261-1763-X</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210313132029/https://books.google.com/books?id=G3JA5pYeQcgC&pg=PA202">存档</a>于2021-03-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&rft.aufirst=M.+G.&rft.aulast=Arora&rft.btitle=Nuclear+Chemistry&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=81-261-1763-X&rft.pages=202&rft.pub=Anmol+Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG3JA5pYeQcgC%26pg%3DPA202&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthor</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Saha, Gopal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=bEXqI4ACk-AC&pg=PA11">Fundamentals of Nuclear Pharmacy</a> Sixth. Springer Science+Business Media. 2010: 11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-04-02</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1-4419-5859-2" title="Special:网络书源/1-4419-5859-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1-4419-5859-2</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200818234346/https://books.google.com/books?id=bEXqI4ACk-AC&pg=PA11">存档</a>于2020-08-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&rft.aufirst=Gopal&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+Nuclear+Pharmacy&rft.date=2010&rft.edition=Sixth&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-4419-5859-2&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Springer+Science%2BBusiness+Media&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbEXqI4ACk-AC%26pg%3DPA11&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rerf-deaths-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rerf-deaths_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070919143939/http://www.rerf.or.jp/general/qa_e/qa1.html">Frequently Asked Questions #1</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radiation_Effects_Research_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiation Effects Research Foundation（页面不存在）">Radiation Effects Research Foundation</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-09-18</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rerf.or.jp/general/qa_e/qa1.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007年9月19日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions+%231&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Radiation+Effects+Research+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rerf.or.jp%2Fgeneral%2Fqa_e%2Fqa1.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cctv.com/program/tsfx/topic/geography/C14942/20060525/101677.shtml">曼哈顿计划（下）（探索·发现2006-20）</a>. 央視國際. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-03-25</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210214154850/http://www.cctv.com/program/tsfx/topic/geography/C14942/20060525/101677.shtml">存档</a>于2021-02-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&rft.btitle=%E6%9B%BC%E5%93%88%E9%A1%BF%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%8B%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%88%E6%8E%A2%E7%B4%A2%C2%B7%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B02006-20%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%A4%AE%E8%A6%96%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cctv.com%2Fprogram%2Ftsfx%2Ftopic%2Fgeography%2FC14942%2F20060525%2F101677.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Malik, John S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.lanl.gov/cgi-bin/getfile?00313791.pdf">The yields of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki nuclear explosions</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Los Alamos National Laboratory report number LA-8819: 1. 1985 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-11-06</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&rft.aufirst=John+S.&rft.aulast=Malik&rft.btitle=The+yields+of+the+Hiroshima+and+Nagasaki+nuclear+explosions&rft.date=1985&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Los+Alamos+National+Laboratory+report+number+LA-8819&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.lanl.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fgetfile%3F00313791.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319085949/http://forum.twenergy.org.tw/one_topic.jsp?group_id=ahFzfmFudWNsZWFyLXNhZmV0eXIXCxIQRW50aXR5VG9waWNHcm91cBjpBww&topic_key=ahFzfmFudWNsZWFyLXNhZmV0eXITCxILRW50aXR5VG9waWMYiZUGDA">車諾比核災、福島核災與原子彈爆炸相同嗎?</a>. 經濟部論壇. 經濟部. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-03-25</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forum.twenergy.org.tw/one_topic.jsp?group_id=ahFzfmFudWNsZWFyLXNhZmV0eXIXCxIQRW50aXR5VG9waWNHcm91cBjpBww&topic_key=ahFzfmFudWNsZWFyLXNhZmV0eXITCxILRW50aXR5VG9waWMYiZUGDA">原始内容</a>存档于2015-03-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&rft.atitle=%E8%BB%8A%E8%AB%BE%E6%AF%94%E6%A0%B8%E7%81%BD%E3%80%81%E7%A6%8F%E5%B3%B6%E6%A0%B8%E7%81%BD%E8%88%87%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BD%88%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8%E7%9B%B8%E5%90%8C%E5%97%8E%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E9%83%A8%E8%AB%96%E5%A3%87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforum.twenergy.org.tw%2Fone_topic.jsp%3Fgroup_id%3DahFzfmFudWNsZWFyLXNhZmV0eXIXCxIQRW50aXR5VG9waWNHcm91cBjpBww%26topic_key%3DahFzfmFudWNsZWFyLXNhZmV0eXITCxILRW50aXR5VG9waWMYiZUGDA&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">E. Rutherford. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.ihep.su/dbserv/compas/src/rutherford11/eng.pdf">The scattering of α and β particles by matter and the structure of the atom</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Philosophical Magazine. 1911, <b>21</b> (4): 669–688 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-04-07</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PMag...92..379R"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2012PMag...92..379R</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14786435.2011.617037"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1080/14786435.2011.617037</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180128035547/http://web.ihep.su/dbserv/compas/src/rutherford11/eng.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2018-01-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&rft.atitle=The+scattering+of+%CE%B1+and+%CE%B2+particles+by+matter+and+the+structure+of+the+atom&rft.au=E.+Rutherford&rft.date=1911&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Magazine&rft.pages=669-688&rft.volume=21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.ihep.su%2Fdbserv%2Fcompas%2Fsrc%2Frutherford11%2Feng.pdf&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012PMag...92..379R&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14786435.2011.617037&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120902195556/http://www-outreach.phy.cam.ac.uk/camphy/cockcroftwalton/cockcroftwalton9_1.htm">Cockcroft and Walton split lithium with high energy protons April 1932</a>. Outreach.phy.cam.ac.uk. 1932-04-14 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-01-04</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-outreach.phy.cam.ac.uk/camphy/cockcroftwalton/cockcroftwalton9_1.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2012-09-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&rft.btitle=Cockcroft+and+Walton+split+lithium+with+high+energy+protons+April+1932&rft.date=1932-04-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Outreach.phy.cam.ac.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-outreach.phy.cam.ac.uk%2Fcamphy%2Fcockcroftwalton%2Fcockcroftwalton9_1.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131005035427/http://www.adelaide.edu.au/library/about/libraries/bsl/oliphant.pdf">Sir Mark Oliphant (1901–2000)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. University of Adelaide. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-10-05</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adelaide.edu.au/library/about/libraries/bsl/oliphant.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2013年10月5日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&rft.btitle=Sir+Mark+Oliphant+%281901%E2%80%932000%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=University+of+Adelaide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adelaide.edu.au%2Flibrary%2Fabout%2Flibraries%2Fbsl%2Foliphant.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chadwick announced his initial findings in: <cite class="citation journal">J. Chadwick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/22.54/resources/Chadwick.pdf">Possible Existence of a Neutron</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Nature. 1932, <b>129</b> (3252): 312 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-04-07</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932Natur.129Q.312C"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:1932Natur.129Q.312C</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F129312a0"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1038/129312a0</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180827202416/http://web.mit.edu/22.54/resources/Chadwick.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2018-08-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&rft.atitle=Possible+Existence+of+a+Neutron&rft.au=J.+Chadwick&rft.date=1932&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3252&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=312&rft.volume=129&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2F22.54%2Fresources%2FChadwick.pdf&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1932Natur.129Q.312C&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F129312a0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> Subsequently he communicated his findings in more detail in: <cite class="citation journal">Chadwick, J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemteam.info/Chem-History/Chadwick-1932/Chadwick-neutron.html">The existence of a neutron</a>. Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 1932, <b>136</b> (830): 692–708 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-04-07</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932RSPSA.136..692C"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:1932RSPSA.136..692C</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspa.1932.0112"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1098/rspa.1932.0112</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171218191523/http://www.chemteam.info/Chem-History/Chadwick-1932/Chadwick-neutron.html">存档</a>于2017-12-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&rft.atitle=The+existence+of+a+neutron&rft.au=Chadwick%2C+J.&rft.date=1932&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=830&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+A&rft.pages=692-708&rft.volume=136&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemteam.info%2FChem-History%2FChadwick-1932%2FChadwick-neutron.html&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1932RSPSA.136..692C&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspa.1932.0112&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>; and <cite class="citation journal">Chadwick, J. 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Zeitschrift für Angewandte Chemie. 1934, <b>47</b> (37): 653 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-04-07</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fange.19340473707"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1002/ange.19340473707</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171211223522/http://www.chemteam.info/Chem-History/Noddack-1934.html">存档</a>于2017-12-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&rft.atitle=%C3%9Cber+das+Element+93&rft.au=Ida+Noddack&rft.date=1934&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=37&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Angewandte+Chemie&rft.pages=653&rft.volume=47&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemteam.info%2FChem-History%2FNoddack-1934.html&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fange.19340473707&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astr.ua.edu/4000WS/TACKE.html">Tacke, Ida Eva</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130304083613/http://www.astr.ua.edu/4000WS/TACKE.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. Astr.ua.edu. Retrieved on 2010-12-24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">O. Hahn and F. Strassmann. Über den Nachweis und das Verhalten der bei der Bestrahlung des Urans mittels Neutronen entstehenden Erdalkalimetalle ("On the detection and characteristics of the alkaline earth metals formed by irradiation of uranium with neutrons"). Naturwissenschaften. 1939, <b>27</b> (1): 11–15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1939NW.....27...11H"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:1939NW.....27...11H</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01488241"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1007/BF01488241</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&rft.atitle=%C3%9Cber+den+Nachweis+und+das+Verhalten+der+bei+der+Bestrahlung+des+Urans+mittels+Neutronen+entstehenden+Erdalkalimetalle+%28%22On+the+detection+and+characteristics+of+the+alkaline+earth+metals+formed+by+irradiation+of+uranium+with+neutrons%22%29&rft.au=O.+Hahn+and+F.+Strassmann&rft.date=1939&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Naturwissenschaften&rft.pages=11-15&rft.volume=27&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1939NW.....27...11H&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF01488241&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>. The authors were identified as being at the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Chemie, Berlin-Dahlem. Received 22 December 1938.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">L. Meitner and O. R. Frisch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/physics/looking-back/meitner/index.html">Disintegration of Uranium by Neutrons: a New Type of Nuclear Reaction</a>. Nature. 1939, <b>143</b> (3615): 239 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-04-07</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1939Natur.143..239M"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:1939Natur.143..239M</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F143239a0"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1038/143239a0</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190428141914/http://www.nature.com/physics/looking-back/meitner/index.html">存档</a>于2019-04-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&rft.atitle=Disintegration+of+Uranium+by+Neutrons%3A+a+New+Type+of+Nuclear+Reaction&rft.au=L.+Meitner+and+O.+R.+Frisch&rft.date=1939&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3615&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=239&rft.volume=143&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fphysics%2Flooking-back%2Fmeitner%2Findex.html&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1939Natur.143..239M&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F143239a0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>. The paper is dated 16 January 1939. Meitner is identified as being at the Physical Institute, Academy of Sciences, Stockholm. Frisch is identified as being at the Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Copenhagen.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">O. R. Frisch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090123165907/http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Frisch-Fission-1939.html">Physical Evidence for the Division of Heavy Nuclei under Neutron Bombardment</a>. Nature. 1939, <b>143</b> (3616): 276. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1939Natur.143..276F"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:1939Natur.143..276F</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F143276a0"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1038/143276a0</span></a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Frisch-Fission-1939.html">原始内容</a>存档于2009-01-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&rft.atitle=Physical+Evidence+for+the+Division+of+Heavy+Nuclei+under+Neutron+Bombardment&rft.au=O.+R.+Frisch&rft.date=1939&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3616&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=276&rft.volume=143&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us%2Fwebdocs%2FChem-History%2FFrisch-Fission-1939.html&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1939Natur.143..276F&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F143276a0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080108012922/http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Frisch-Fission-1939.html">Physical Evidence for the Division of Heavy Nuclei under Neutron Bombardment</a>. 1939-01-17. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Frisch-Fission-1939.html">原始内容</a>存档于2008-01-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&rft.btitle=Physical+Evidence+for+the+Division+of+Heavy+Nuclei+under+Neutron+Bombardment&rft.date=1939-01-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us%2Fwebdocs%2FChem-History%2FFrisch-Fission-1939.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> The experiment for this letter to the editor was conducted on 13 January 1939; see <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rhodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Rhodes">Richard Rhodes</a> (1986) <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Making_of_the_Atomic_Bomb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Making of the Atomic Bomb（页面不存在）">The Making of the Atomic Bomb</a></i>, Simon and Schuster. pp. 263 and 268, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780671441333" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-671-44133-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1944/index.html">The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944</a>. Nobelprize.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-10-06</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226102253/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1944/summary/">存档</a>于2018-12-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+1944&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Nobelprize.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1944%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140319145623/http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/06/f2/h1019v1.pdf">DOE Fundamentals Handbook: Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory Volume 1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Energy">U.S. Department of Energy</a>. January 1993 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-01-03</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/06/f2/h1019v1.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-03-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&rft.btitle=DOE+Fundamentals+Handbook%3A+Nuclear+Physics+and+Reactor+Theory+Volume+1&rft.date=1993-01&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Energy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenergy.gov%2Fsites%2Fprod%2Ffiles%2F2013%2F06%2Ff2%2Fh1019v1.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203041437/http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/06/f2/h1019v2.pdf">DOE Fundamentals Handbook: Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory Volume 2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. U.S. Department of Energy. January 1993 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-01-03</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/06/f2/h1019v2.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2013-12-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98&rft.btitle=DOE+Fundamentals+Handbook%3A+Nuclear+Physics+and+Reactor+Theory+Volume+2&rft.date=1993-01&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Energy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenergy.gov%2Fsites%2Fprod%2Ffiles%2F2013%2F06%2Ff2%2Fh1019v2.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:%E6%A0%B8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="Template:核技术"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%A0%B8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="Template talk:核技术"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%A0%B8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:核技术"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="核技术" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="核技术">核技术</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">科学</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子核物理学">物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="核化学">化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="核工程">工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">原子核</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">核裂变</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%81%9A%E5%8F%98" title="核聚变">核聚变</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84" title="辐射">辐射</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E9%9B%A2%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" title="游離輻射">游離輻射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AB%E8%87%B4%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84" title="轫致辐射">轫致辐射</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Radioactive.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/70px-Radioactive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/105px-Radioactive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/140px-Radioactive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="446" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="核燃料">燃料</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9A" title="氚">氚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%98" title="氘">氘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6-3" title="氦-3">氦-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="易裂变材料">可裂变物质</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%9E%E6%AE%96%E6%80%A7%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="增殖性材料">增殖性材料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%87%83%E6%96%99%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" title="核燃料循环">核燃料循环</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%86%E7%A6%BB" title="同位素分离">同位素分离</a></li> <li>核材料 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">鈾</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%83%E7%B8%AE%E9%88%BE" title="濃縮鈾">濃縮鈾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A7%E9%88%BE" title="貧鈾">貧鈾</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚">钚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">钍</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%B7%E7%87%83%E6%96%99%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB" title="釷燃料發電">釷燃料發電</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6" title="中子温度">中子温度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6" title="中子温度">热中子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="快中子">快中子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E5%8F%98%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="聚变中子">聚变中子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E6%88%AA%E9%9D%A2" title="中子截面">中子截面</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%98%E8%8E%B7" title="中子俘获">中子俘获</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E6%B4%BB%E5%8C%96" title="中子活化">中子活化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E6%AF%92%E7%89%A9" title="中子毒物">中子毒物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84" title="中子辐射">中子辐射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%91%E7%94%9F%E5%99%A8" title="中子发生器">中子发生器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84%E4%BD%93" title="中子反射体">中子反射体</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="核反应堆">核反应堆</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="核反应堆">核分裂反應爐</a><br /><small>按<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E5%87%8F%E9%80%9F%E5%89%82" title="中子减速剂">慢化剂</a>分类</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BB%E6%B0%B4%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="轻水反应堆">轻水反应堆</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%8B%E6%B0%B4%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="压水反应堆">PWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E6%B0%B4%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="沸水反应堆">BWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E6%AD%A5%E5%9E%8B%E6%B2%B8%E6%B0%B4%E5%BC%8F%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E7%88%90" title="進步型沸水式反應爐">ABWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%87%A8%E7%95%8C%E6%B0%B4%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E7%88%90" title="超臨界水反應爐">SCWR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B0%B4%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E7%88%90" title="重水反應爐">重水反应堆</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B0%B4%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E7%88%90" title="重水反應爐">PHWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E9%87%8D%E6%B0%B4%E9%93%80%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="加拿大重水铀反应堆">加拿大重水铀反应堆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD%E5%8F%91%E7%94%9F%E9%87%8D%E6%B0%B4%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="蒸汽发生重水反应堆">SGHWR</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新型轉換反应堆" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="新型転換炉"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%9E%8B%E8%BD%89%E6%8F%9B%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新型轉換反应堆（页面不存在）">ATR</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%9E%8B%E8%BB%A2%E6%8F%9B%E7%82%89" class="extiw" title="ja:新型転換炉"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">新型転換炉</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%A2%A8%E6%85%A2%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="石墨慢化反应堆">石墨慢化反应堆</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%83%E5%BA%8A%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E5%A0%86" title="球床反應堆">球床反应堆（PBR）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%B8%A9%E6%B0%94%E5%86%B7%E5%A0%86" title="高温气冷堆">VHTR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%AB%98%E6%B8%A9%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%A0%86" title="超高温实验堆">超高温实验堆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%8B%E5%8A%9B%E7%AE%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%9F%B3%E5%A2%A8%E6%85%A2%E5%8C%96%E6%B2%B8%E6%B0%B4%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E7%82%89" title="压力管式石墨慢化沸水反应炉">RBMK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%82%E8%AB%BE%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E7%88%90" title="鎂諾克斯反應爐">鎂諾克斯反應爐 (Magnox)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E9%9A%8E%E7%89%88%E6%B0%A3%E5%86%B7%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E7%88%90" title="進階版氣冷反應爐">進階版氣冷反應爐 (AGR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F%E9%94%82%E9%93%8D" title="氟锂铍">氟锂铍（FLiBe）</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%9B%90%E5%A0%86" title="熔盐堆">熔盐反应堆（MSR）</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">（无）<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E5%A0%86" title="快堆">FR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E5%A2%9E%E6%AE%96%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="快中子增殖反应堆">快中子增殖反应堆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="液态金属冷却反应堆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Liquid metal cooled reactor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E6%85%8B%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E5%86%B7%E5%8D%BB%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E5%A0%86" title="液態金屬冷卻反應堆">LMFR</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_metal_cooled_reactor" class="extiw" title="en:Liquid metal cooled reactor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Liquid metal cooled reactor</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="池式快中子反应堆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Integral Fast Reactor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%A0%E5%BC%8F%E5%BF%AB%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="池式快中子反应堆（页面不存在）">IFR</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_Fast_Reactor" class="extiw" title="en:Integral Fast Reactor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Integral Fast Reactor</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%B3%A2%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="行波反应堆">TWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%9E%8B%E5%AF%86%E5%B0%81%E4%BE%BF%E6%90%BA%E5%BC%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%8E%A7%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="小型密封便携式自控反应堆">SSTAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="天然核反应堆">NFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%B4%E7%95%8C%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="加速器驱动次临界反应堆">加速器驱动次临界反应堆</a></li> <li>按<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="核反应堆冷却剂" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nuclear reactor coolant"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E5%A0%86%E5%86%B7%E5%8D%BB%E5%8A%91" title="核反應堆冷卻劑">核反应堆冷却剂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor_coolant" class="extiw" title="en:Nuclear reactor coolant"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nuclear reactor coolant</span></a></span>）</span></span>分类的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E5%A0%86" title="第四代反應堆">第四代反應堆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%86%B7%E5%BF%AB%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="气冷快中子反应堆">GFR</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="铅合金冷却快中子反应堆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lead cooled fast reactor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%85%E5%90%88%E9%87%91%E5%86%B7%E5%8D%B4%E5%BF%AB%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="铅合金冷却快中子反应堆（页面不存在）">LFR</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_cooled_fast_reactor" class="extiw" title="en:Lead cooled fast reactor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lead cooled fast reactor</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0%E5%86%B7%E5%BF%AB%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="钠冷快中子反应堆">SFR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="核反应堆">核融合反應爐</a><br /><small>按约束方式分类</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%B1%80%E9%99%90%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88" title="磁局限融合">磁约束</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%8D%A1%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B" title="托卡马克">托卡马克</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="球磁机" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spheromak"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%83%E7%A3%81%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="球磁机（页面不存在）">球磁机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheromak" class="extiw" title="en:Spheromak"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spheromak</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%BF%E6%98%9F%E5%99%A8" title="仿星器">仿星器</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="反向场箍缩" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Reversed field pinch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%90%91%E5%9C%BA%E7%AE%8D%E7%BC%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反向场箍缩（页面不存在）">RFP</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversed_field_pinch" class="extiw" title="en:Reversed field pinch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Reversed field pinch</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="场反转配置" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Field-reversed configuration"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%BA%E5%8F%8D%E8%BD%AC%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="场反转配置（页面不存在）">FRC</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field-reversed_configuration" class="extiw" title="en:Field-reversed configuration"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Field-reversed configuration</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B8%E6%B5%AE%E5%81%B6%E6%A5%B5" title="懸浮偶極">懸浮偶極</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A3%E6%80%A7%E5%B1%80%E9%99%90%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88" title="慣性局限融合">惯性约束</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A3%E6%80%A7%E5%B1%80%E9%99%90%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88" title="慣性局限融合">慣性局限融合</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Z箍缩" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Z-pinch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%E7%AE%8D%E7%BC%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Z箍缩（页面不存在）">Z箍缩</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z-pinch" class="extiw" title="en:Z-pinch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Z-pinch</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="气泡聚变" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bubble fusion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A1%E8%81%9A%E5%8F%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="气泡聚变（页面不存在）">气泡聚变</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_fusion" class="extiw" title="en:Bubble fusion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bubble fusion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusor" title="Fusor">熔凝器</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%AF%E6%80%A7%E9%9D%99%E7%94%B5%E7%BA%A6%E6%9D%9F" title="惯性静电约束">静电</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="磁化靶聚变" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Magnetized target fusion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A3%81%E5%8C%96%E9%9D%B6%E8%81%9A%E5%8F%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="磁化靶聚变（页面不存在）">MTF</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetized_target_fusion" class="extiw" title="en:Magnetized target fusion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Magnetized target fusion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%E5%AD%90%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96%E8%81%9A%E8%AE%8A" title="Μ子催化聚變">μ子催化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="热释电聚变" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pyroelectric fusion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%AD%E9%87%8A%E7%94%B5%E8%81%9A%E5%8F%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="热释电聚变（页面不存在）">热释电聚变</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroelectric_fusion" class="extiw" title="en:Pyroelectric fusion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pyroelectric fusion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Migma装置" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Migma"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migma%E8%A3%85%E7%BD%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Migma装置（页面不存在）">Migma装置</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migma" class="extiw" title="en:Migma"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Migma</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Polywel装置" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Polywell"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polywel%E8%A3%85%E7%BD%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polywel装置（页面不存在）">Polywel装置</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polywell" class="extiw" title="en:Polywell"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Polywell</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="稠密等离子体聚焦" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dense plasma focus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%A0%E5%AF%86%E7%AD%89%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%93%E8%81%9A%E7%84%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="稠密等离子体聚焦（页面不存在）">DPF</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_plasma_focus" class="extiw" title="en:Dense plasma focus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dense plasma focus</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%B5%E5%8E%82" title="核电厂">核电站</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E7%88%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="核子反應爐列表">核子反應爐列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B3%A1%E4%BF%82%E6%95%B8" title="空泡係數">空泡係數</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%81%9C%E6%A9%9F%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="不停機添加燃料">不停機添加燃料</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B" title="核動力">核動力</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E6%A0%B8%E8%83%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E6%83%85%E5%86%B5" title="各国核能利用情况">国家</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新核电站的经济意义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economics of new nuclear power plants"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%B5%E7%AB%99%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%84%8F%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新核电站的经济意义（页面不存在）">经济</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics_of_new_nuclear_power_plants" class="extiw" title="en:Economics of new nuclear power plants"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economics of new nuclear power plants</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%8E%A7%E6%A0%B8%E8%81%9A%E8%AE%8A" title="可控核聚變">聚变能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0%E7%86%B1%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F" title="放射性同位素熱電機">RTG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E6%8E%A8%E8%BF%9B" title="核动力推进">核动力推进</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%83%AD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="核热火箭">火箭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" title="核安全">核安全</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A0%B8%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E5%88%86%E7%B4%9A%E8%A1%A8" title="國際核事件分級表">國際核事件分級表</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="核医学">核医学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%BD%B1%E5%83%8F" title="醫學影像">医学影像学</a><br /><small>按<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84" title="辐射">輻射</a>分類</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伽马射线探伤机" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gamma camera"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF%E6%8E%A2%E4%BC%A4%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伽马射线探伤机（页面不存在）">伽马射线探伤机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_camera" class="extiw" title="en:Gamma camera"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gamma camera</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="闪烁扫描法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Scintigraphy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%97%AA%E7%83%81%E6%89%AB%E6%8F%8F%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="闪烁扫描法（页面不存在）">闪烁扫描法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scintigraphy" class="extiw" title="en:Scintigraphy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Scintigraphy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%AD%90%E6%96%B7%E5%B1%A4%E9%80%A0%E5%BD%B1" title="正子斷層造影">PET</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="单光子发射计算机断层成像术" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Single photon emission computed tomography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%95%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E6%96%AD%E5%B1%82%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="单光子发射计算机断层成像术（页面不存在）">SPECT</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_photon_emission_computed_tomography" class="extiw" title="en:Single photon emission computed tomography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Single photon emission computed tomography</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" title="X射线">X光</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="投射X射线摄影" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Projectional radiography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%95%E5%B0%84X%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF%E6%91%84%E5%BD%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="投射X射线摄影（页面不存在）">投射X射线摄影</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projectional_radiography" class="extiw" title="en:Projectional radiography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Projectional radiography</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E4%BD%93%E5%B1%82%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F" title="计算机体层成像">X射线计算机断层成像</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">治疗</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="快中子疗法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fast neutron therapy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%AB%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E7%96%97%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="快中子疗法（页面不存在）">快中子疗法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_neutron_therapy" class="extiw" title="en:Fast neutron therapy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fast neutron therapy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="放射治療">放射治療</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="螺旋断层放射性治疗" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tomotherapy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E6%96%AD%E5%B1%82%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="螺旋断层放射性治疗（页面不存在）">螺旋断层放射性治疗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomotherapy" class="extiw" title="en:Tomotherapy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tomotherapy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="質子治療">質子治療</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E8%B7%9D%E7%A6%BB%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97" title="近距离治疗">近距离放射治疗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E6%8D%95%E7%8D%B2%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="中子捕獲治療">中子捕获治疗（NCT）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E6%8D%95%E7%8D%B2%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="中子捕獲治療">硼中子俘获治疗（BNCT）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E8%8D%AF%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="放射药理学">放射药理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%89%8B%E8%A1%93" title="放射手術">放射手術</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="核武器">武器</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主题</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2" title="核武器發展史">历史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="核武器设计方案">设计</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%8B%92-%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E6%9E%84%E5%9E%8B" title="泰勒-乌拉姆构型">泰勒-乌拉姆构型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E6%95%8F%E6%9E%84%E5%9E%8B" title="于敏构型">于敏构型</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="核战争">核战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%BB%8D%E5%82%99%E7%AB%B6%E8%B3%BD" title="核軍備競賽">核軍備競賽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%81%E5%86%9B" title="核裁军">核裁军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="核伦理学">核伦理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8" title="核爆炸">核爆</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="核爆炸的影响" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Effects of nuclear explosions"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="核爆炸的影响（页面不存在）">影响</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_nuclear_explosions" class="extiw" title="en:Effects of nuclear explosions"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Effects of nuclear explosions</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C" title="核试验">核试验</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%A0%B8%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97" title="地下核試驗">地下核試驗</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="高空核爆炸" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="High-altitude nuclear explosion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E7%A9%BA%E6%A0%B8%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高空核爆炸（页面不存在）">高空核爆炸</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-altitude_nuclear_explosion" class="extiw" title="en:High-altitude nuclear explosion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">High-altitude nuclear explosion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="核武器运载" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nuclear weapons delivery"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="核武器运载（页面不存在）">运载</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_delivery" class="extiw" title="en:Nuclear weapons delivery"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nuclear weapons delivery</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%93%B4%E6%95%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="核擴散">扩散</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E5%BD%93%E9%87%8F" title="核武器当量">核当量</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8%E5%BD%93%E9%87%8F" title="爆炸当量">爆炸当量</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="流行文化中的核武器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nuclear weapons in popular culture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="流行文化中的核武器（页面不存在）">流行文化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_in_popular_culture" class="extiw" title="en:Nuclear weapons in popular culture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nuclear weapons in popular culture</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">列表</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="核武器列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of nuclear weapons"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="核武器列表（页面不存在）">核武器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nuclear_weapons" class="extiw" title="en:List of nuclear weapons"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of nuclear weapons</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="核试验列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of nuclear tests"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="核试验列表（页面不存在）">核试验</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nuclear_tests" class="extiw" title="en:List of nuclear tests"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of nuclear tests</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E6%93%81%E6%9C%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="核武器擁有國列表">核武装国家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%9C%B0%E5%B8%B6" title="無核武地帶">無核武地帶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="大規模殺傷性武器條約列表">条约</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%BA%9F%E6%96%99" title="放射性废料">放射性废料</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">核反应产物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="锕系元素">锕系元素</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E9%93%80" title="再处理铀">再处理铀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86%E7%BA%A7%E9%92%9A" title="反应堆级钚">反应堆级钚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%94%95%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="次锕系元素">次锕系元素</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E6%B4%BB%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="激活产物">激活产物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="核裂变产物">核裂变产物</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%AF%BF%E5%91%BD%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="长寿命裂变产物">长寿命裂变产物</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%92%E7%B3%BB%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="錒系化學">錒系化學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">处理方法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%87%83%E6%96%99%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" title="核燃料循环">核燃料循环</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8F%E6%A0%B8%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="乏核燃料">乏核燃料</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8F%E6%A0%B8%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="乏核燃料">乏燃料池</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E5%BC%8F%E8%B4%AE%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%B6" title="干式贮存桶">干式贮存桶</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%BA%9F%E7%89%A9" title="高放射性废物">高放射性废物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%BA%9F%E7%89%A9" title="低放射性废物">低放射性废物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%A4%84%E7%BD%AE" title="深地质处置">处置</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%87%83%E6%96%99%E5%86%8D%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="核燃料再处理">再处理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%AC%97%E5%8F%98" title="核嬗变">嬗变</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">爭論</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" title="核事故">核事故</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%98%E5%BB%A2%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="核電存廢問題">核電存廢問題</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%BA" title="关于核武器的争论">关于核武器的争论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%A0%B8%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="反核運動">反核運動</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鈾礦開採的爭論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Uranium mining debate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%88%BE%E7%A4%A6%E9%96%8B%E6%8E%A1%E7%9A%84%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鈾礦開採的爭論（页面不存在）">鈾礦開採的爭論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium_mining_debate" class="extiw" title="en:Uranium mining debate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Uranium mining debate</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E6%AD%A2%E6%A0%B8%E9%9B%BB" title="廢止核電">廢止核電</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%A0%B8%E8%83%BD%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="Category:核能科技">分类</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%A0%B8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="Portal:核技术">主题</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nuclear_technology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nuclear technology">共享资源</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E6%A0%B8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="WikiProject:核技术">专题</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="原子核物理学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:原子核物理学"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Template talk:原子核物理学"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:原子核物理学"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="原子核物理学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子核物理学">原子核物理学</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">原子核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%AD%90" title="核子">核子</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">n</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="质子">p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8A%9B" title="核力">核力</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="原子核结构" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nuclear structure"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原子核结构（页面不存在）">原子核结构</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_structure" class="extiw" title="en:Nuclear structure"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nuclear structure</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="核反应">核反应</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">核模型</a>和稳定性</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E6%BB%B4%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="液滴模型">液滴模型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="核殼層模型">核殼層模型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88%E8%83%BD" title="核结合能">核结合能</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中子-质子比率" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neutron–proton ratio"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90-%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90%E6%AF%94%E7%8E%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中子-质子比率（页面不存在）">中子-质子比率</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron%E2%80%93proton_ratio" class="extiw" title="en:Neutron–proton ratio"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neutron–proton ratio</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E6%BB%B4%E7%BA%BF" title="原子核滴线">原子核滴线</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E5%B2%9B" title="稳定岛">稳定岛</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CNO_Cycle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/CNO_Cycle.svg/langzh-160px-CNO_Cycle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/CNO_Cycle.svg/langzh-240px-CNO_Cycle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/CNO_Cycle.svg/langzh-320px-CNO_Cycle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B4%A0" title="核素">核素</a>分类</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a>（有相同的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B0" title="原子序数">質子數</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E9%87%8F%E7%B4%A0" title="同量素">同量素</a>（有相同的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F%E6%95%B8" title="質量數">質量數</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E7%B4%A0" title="同中子素">同中子素</a>（有相同的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E6%95%B8" title="中子數">中子數</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%8C%E8%B4%A8%E5%BC%82%E8%83%BD%E7%B4%A0" title="核同质异能素">核同质异能素</a>（有相同的質子數及中子數，但<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%9A%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="能階">核能態</a>不同）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="镜像核" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mirror nuclei"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F%E6%A0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="镜像核（页面不存在）">镜像核</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_nuclei" class="extiw" title="en:Mirror nuclei"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mirror nuclei</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性衰變">衰變過程</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">尋常衰變</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Α衰变">α衰变</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Α粒子">α粒子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Β衰变">β衰变</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Β粒子">β粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84" title="正电子发射">正电子发射</a>（β<sup>+</sup>衰变）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%98%E8%8E%B7" title="电子俘获">电子俘获</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E7%91%AA%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" title="伽瑪衰變">γ衰变</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" title="伽马射线">γ射线</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">特殊衰變</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E7%99%BC%E5%B0%84" title="中子發射">中子發射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84" title="质子发射">质子发射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%CE%B2%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" title="雙β衰變">雙β衰變</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="双电子俘获" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Double electron capture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8C%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%98%E8%8E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="双电子俘获（页面不存在）">双电子俘获</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_electron_capture" class="extiw" title="en:Double electron capture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Double electron capture</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%99%BC%E8%A3%82%E8%AE%8A" title="自發裂變">自發分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%87%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="簇衰变">簇衰变</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="內转换" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Internal conversion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A7%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="內转换（页面不存在）">內转换</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_conversion" class="extiw" title="en:Internal conversion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Internal conversion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E8%B4%A8%E5%BC%82%E8%83%BD%E8%B7%83%E8%BF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="同质异能跃迁">同质异能跃迁</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A%E9%8F%88" title="衰變鏈">衰變鏈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="衰变产物">衰变产物</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">捕獲過程</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%98%E8%8E%B7" title="电子俘获">电子俘获</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%98%E8%8E%B7" title="中子俘获">中子俘获</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="质子俘获" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Proton capture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%98%E8%8E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="质子俘获（页面不存在）">质子俘获</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_capture" class="extiw" title="en:Proton capture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Proton capture</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="R過程">r過程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="S過程">s過程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="P過程">p過程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rp%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="Rp過程">rp過程</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">分裂</a>過程</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%99%BC%E8%A3%82%E8%AE%8A" title="自發裂變">自發分裂</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="散裂" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spallation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%A3%E8%A3%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="散裂（页面不存在）">散裂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spallation" class="extiw" title="en:Spallation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spallation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A%E6%95%A3%E8%A3%82" title="宇宙射線散裂">宇宙射線散裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E8%87%B4%E8%9B%BB%E8%AE%8A" title="光致蛻變">光致蛻變</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="核合成">核合成</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%88%9D%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="太初核合成">太初核合成</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="恆星核合成">恆星核合成</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90%E2%80%94%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90%E9%8F%88%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="質子—質子鏈反應">質子—質子鏈反應</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%B0%AE%E6%B0%A7%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="碳氮氧循環">碳氮氧循環</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88" title="氦融合">氦融合</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6%E6%A0%B8%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="氦核作用">氦核作用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%E6%B0%A6%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="3氦過程">3氦過程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E8%81%9A%E5%8F%98" title="碳聚变">碳燃燒過程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96%E7%87%83%E7%87%92%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="氖燃燒過程">氖燃燒過程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E7%87%83%E7%87%92%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="氧燃燒過程">氧燃燒過程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BD%E7%87%83%E7%87%92%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="矽燃燒過程">矽燃燒過程</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="超新星核合成">超新星核合成</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%83%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="千新星核合成（页面不存在）">千新星核合成</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:核物理學家">核物理學家</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E7%89%B9" title="汉斯·贝特">汉斯·贝特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%92" title="亨利·貝克勒">亨利·贝可勒尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E9%A1%BF%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%E5%AD%99" title="克林顿·戴维孙">克林顿·戴维孙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C" title="玛丽·居里">玛丽·居里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C" title="皮埃尔·居里">皮埃尔·居里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5-%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C" title="弗雷德里克·约里奥-居里">弗雷德里克·约里奥-居里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E9%9B%B7%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5-%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C" title="伊雷娜·约里奥-居里">伊雷娜·约里奥-居里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E9%87%8C%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3" title="恩里科·费米">恩里科·费米</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7%E9%BB%98" title="罗伯特·奥本海默">罗伯特·奥本海默</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E7%91%9F%E7%A6%8F" title="欧内斯特·卢瑟福">欧内斯特·卢瑟福</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C2%B7J%C2%B7%E6%B9%AF%E5%A7%86%E6%A3%AE" title="J·J·湯姆森">约瑟夫·汤姆孙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%B3%B0%E5%8B%92" title="愛德華·泰勒">愛德華·泰勒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8A%B3%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF" title="欧内斯特·劳伦斯">欧内斯特·劳伦斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%89%E6%B3%BD%C2%B7%E8%BF%88%E7%89%B9%E7%BA%B3" title="莉泽·迈特纳">莉泽·迈特纳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%81%A9" title="奥托·哈恩">奥托·哈恩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E7%8F%80%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="爱德华·珀塞尔">爱德华·珀塞尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E9%A1%BF" title="欧内斯特·沃尔顿">欧内斯特·沃尔顿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%80%83%E5%85%8B%E9%A5%B6%E5%A4%AB" title="约翰·考克饶夫">约翰·考克饶夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC" title="弗里茨·施特拉斯曼">弗里茨·施特拉斯曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%88%A9%E8%8A%AC%E7%89%B9" title="马克·奥利芬特">马克·奥利芬特</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:原子核物理学">原子核物理学分類</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:物理学">物理学主題</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="輻射（物理與健康）" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Radiation" title="Template:Radiation"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Radiation" title="Template talk:Radiation"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Radiation" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Radiation"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="輻射（物理與健康）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="輻射">輻射</a>（物理與健康）</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主文章</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B8%B8%E9%9B%A2%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" title="非游離輻射">非游離輻射</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E5%8A%9B" title="聲放射力">聲放射力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紫外線">紫外線</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%81%E5%85%89" title="可见光">可见光</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紅外線">紅外線</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A2" title="微波">微波</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5" title="无线电">無線電波</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E9%9B%A2%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" title="游離輻射">游離輻射</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Α粒子">α粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" title="背景輻射">背景輻射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Β粒子">β粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%B7%9A" title="宇宙線">宇宙射線</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" title="伽马射线">γ射线</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">核分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%81%9A%E5%8F%98" title="核聚变">核融合</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7" title="放射性">放射性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E7%88%90" class="mw-redirect" title="核反應爐">核反應爐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="核武器">核武器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8" title="粒子加速器">粒子加速器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E6%A0%B8%E7%B4%A0" title="放射性核素">放射性同位素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="放射性元素">放射性元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" title="X射线">X射线</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E6%94%B6%E6%94%AF" title="地球能量收支">地球輻射平衡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E6%B3%A2" title="电磁波">电磁波</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" title="熱輻射">熱輻射</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">輻射與健康</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%81%A5%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" title="保健物理">保健物理</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="輻射劑量學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dosimetry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84%E5%8A%91%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="輻射劑量學（页面不存在）">輻射劑量學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosimetry" class="extiw" title="en:Dosimetry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dosimetry</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84%E5%AF%B9%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%B1%E5%AE%B3" title="电磁辐射对健康的危害">電磁輻射與健康</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雷射安全性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Laser safety"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%84%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雷射安全性（页面不存在）">雷射安全性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_safety" class="extiw" title="en:Laser safety"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Laser safety</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雷射與航空安全性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lasers and aviation safety"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%84%E8%88%87%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雷射與航空安全性（页面不存在）">雷射與航空安全性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasers_and_aviation_safety" class="extiw" title="en:Lasers and aviation safety"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lasers and aviation safety</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="醫學X射線攝影術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medical radiography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8X%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A%E6%94%9D%E5%BD%B1%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="醫學X射線攝影術（页面不存在）">醫學X射線攝影術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_radiography" class="extiw" title="en:Medical radiography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medical radiography</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84%E5%AF%B9%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%B1%E5%AE%B3" title="移动电话辐射对健康的危害">移动电话辐射对健康的危害</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%97%87" title="急性辐射综合症">急性辐射综合症</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="放射治療">放射治療</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="放射性與生命科學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Radioactivity in the life sciences"><span class="ilh-page"><a 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