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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Creation_and_evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motivations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motivations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Motivations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motivations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_slang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_slang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types of slang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_of_slang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Views</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Views subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Journalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Journalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_beyond_computer-mediated_communication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_beyond_computer-mediated_communication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Use beyond computer-mediated communication</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Use_beyond_computer-mediated_communication-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Use beyond computer-mediated communication subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Use_beyond_computer-mediated_communication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Around_the_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Around_the_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Around the world</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Around_the_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_slang_in_advertisements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_slang_in_advertisements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Internet slang in advertisements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_slang_in_advertisements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Internet slang</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA" title="عامية الإنترنت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عامية الإنترنت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Интернет жаргон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Интернет жаргон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunarski_%C5%BEargon" title="Računarski žargon – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Računarski žargon" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet-jargon" title="Internet-jargon – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Internet-jargon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netzjargon" title="Netzjargon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Netzjargon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netisl%C3%A4ng" title="Netisläng – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Netisläng" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%8C" title="Διαδικτυακή αργκό – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διαδικτυακή αργκό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerga_de_internet" title="Jerga de internet – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jerga de internet" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reta_%C4%B5argono_anglalingva" title="Reta ĵargono anglalingva – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Reta ĵargono anglalingva" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interneteko_jargoia" title="Interneteko jargoia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Interneteko jargoia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="زبان عامیانه اینترنتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان عامیانه اینترنتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argot_Internet" title="Argot Internet – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Argot Internet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%ED%84%B0%EB%84%B7_%EC%86%8D%EC%96%B4" title="인터넷 속어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인터넷 속어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AA%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Համացանցային ժարգոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Համացանցային ժարգոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slang_internet" title="Slang internet – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Slang internet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetslangur" title="Internetslangur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Internetslangur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gergo_di_Internet" title="Gergo di Internet – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gergo di Internet" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%92_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%98" title="סלנג באינטרנט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סלנג באינטרנט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interneta_%C5%BEargons" title="Interneta žargons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Interneta žargons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetjargon" title="Internetjargon – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Internetjargon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="インターネットスラング – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インターネットスラング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internettsjargong" title="Internettsjargong – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Internettsjargong" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internettsjargong" title="Internettsjargong – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Internettsjargong" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%BC%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%90%D9%BC%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="انټرنېټي اصطلاحات – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انټرنېټي اصطلاحات" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slang_internetowy" title="Slang internetowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Slang internetowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet%C3%AAs" title="Internetês – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Internetês" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Сетевой жаргон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сетевой жаргон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_slang" title="Internet slang – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Internet slang" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetov%C3%BD_slang" title="Internetový slang – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Internetový slang" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetni_sleng" title="Internetni sleng – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Internetni sleng" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Интернет сленг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Интернет сленг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet-slangi" title="Internet-slangi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Internet-slangi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetslang" title="Internetslang – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Internetslang" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%95" title="สแลงอินเทอร์เน็ต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สแลงอินเทอร์เน็ต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nternet_argosu" title="İnternet argosu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İnternet argosu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мережевий жаргон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мережевий жаргон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about slang used on the Internet. For jargon related to the Internet, see <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Internet-related_terms" title="Glossary of Internet-related terms">Glossary of Internet-related terms</a>. For a list of terms, see <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:English_internet_slang" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Appendix:English internet slang">Wiktionary:Appendix:English internet slang</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Internet_map_1024_-_transparent,_inverted.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Visualization of Internet routing paths"><img alt="Visualization of Internet routing paths" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png/150px-Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png/225px-Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png/300px-Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">An <a href="/wiki/Opte_Project" title="Opte Project">Opte Project</a> visualization of <a href="/wiki/Routing" title="Routing">routing paths</a> through a portion of the Internet</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">General</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_access" title="Internet access">Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_activism" title="Internet activism">Activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship" title="Internet censorship">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_activism" title="Data activism">Data activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-democracy" title="E-democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_divide" title="Digital divide">Digital divide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_rights" title="Digital rights">Digital rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_freedom" title="Internet freedom">Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_information" title="Freedom of information">Freedom of information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena" title="List of Internet phenomena">Internet phenomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_neutrality" title="Net neutrality">Net neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_privacy" title="Internet privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Internet_access" title="Right to Internet access">Right to Internet access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slacktivism" title="Slacktivism">Slacktivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_the_Internet" title="Sociology of the Internet">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Internet_usage" title="Global Internet usage">Usage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_vigilantism" title="Internet vigilantism">Vigilantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_community" title="Virtual community">Virtual community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_volunteering" title="Virtual volunteering">Virtual volunteering</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Internet_governance" title="Internet governance">Governance</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Governance_Forum" title="Internet Governance Forum">IGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Internet_registry#Number_Resource_Organization" title="Regional Internet registry">NRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority" title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">IANA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Society" title="Internet Society">ISOC</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Information_infrastructure" title="Information infrastructure">Information infrastructure</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">Domain Name System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">Hypertext Transfer Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_exchange_point" title="Internet exchange point">Internet exchange point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite" title="Internet protocol suite">Internet protocol suite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">Internet Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">Transmission Control Protocol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">Internet service provider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Message_Access_Protocol" title="Internet Message Access Protocol">Internet Message Access Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol" title="Simple Mail Transfer Protocol">Simple Mail Transfer Protocol</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Services</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Blogs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microblogging" title="Microblogging">Microblogging</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_fax" title="Internet fax">Fax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_sharing" title="File sharing">File sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_transfer" title="File transfer">File transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_game" title="Online game">Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">Instant messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podcast" title="Podcast">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_shopping" title="Online shopping">Shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_television" title="Streaming television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_over_IP" title="Voice over IP">Voice over IP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_search_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Web search engine">search</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Internet" title="History of the Internet">History of the Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_oldest_currently_registered_Internet_domain_names" title="List of the oldest currently registered Internet domain names">Oldest domain names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_pioneers" title="List of Internet pioneers">Pioneers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_Wars" title="Protocol Wars">Protocol Wars</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Guides</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Internet-related_articles" title="Index of Internet-related articles">Index</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Internet" title="Outline of the Internet">Outline</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/16px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/24px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/32px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Internet" title="Template:Internet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internet" title="Template talk:Internet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Internet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Internet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Internet slang</b> (also called <b>Internet shorthand</b>, <b>cyber-slang</b>, <b>netspeak</b>, <b>digispeak</b> or <b>chatspeak</b>) is a non-standard or unofficial form of language used by people on the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> to communicate to one another.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of Internet slang is "<a href="/wiki/Lol" class="mw-redirect" title="Lol">lol</a>" meaning "laugh out loud." Since Internet slang is constantly changing, it is difficult to provide a standardized definition.<sup id="cite_ref-Yin_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it can be understood to be any type of slang that Internet users have popularized, and in many cases, have coined. Such terms often originate with the purpose of saving <a href="/wiki/Typing" title="Typing">keystrokes</a> or to compensate for small character limits. Many people use the same <a href="/wiki/Abbreviation" title="Abbreviation">abbreviations</a> in <a href="/wiki/Text_messaging" title="Text messaging">texting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">instant messaging</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Social_networking_websites" class="mw-redirect" title="Social networking websites">social networking websites</a>. <a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">Acronyms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_keyboard" title="Computer keyboard">keyboard symbols</a>, and abbreviations are common types of Internet slang. New dialects of slang, such as <a href="/wiki/Leet" title="Leet">leet</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lolcat" title="Lolcat">Lolspeak</a>, develop as <a href="/wiki/Ingroup" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingroup">ingroup</a> <a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">Internet memes</a> rather than time savers. Many people also use Internet slang in face-to-face, <a href="/wiki/Real_life" title="Real life">real life</a> communication. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Creation_and_evolution">Creation and evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_slang&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Creation and evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_slang&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Internet slang originated in the early days of the Internet with some terms predating the Internet.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest forms of Internet slang assumed people's knowledge of programming and commands in a specific language.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internet slang is used in <a href="/wiki/Chat_room" title="Chat room">chat rooms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_networking_service" title="Social networking service">social networking services</a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_game" title="Online game">online games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Online_community" title="Online community">online community</a>. Since 1979, users of communications networks like <a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a> created their own <a href="/wiki/Shorthand" title="Shorthand">shorthand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motivations">Motivations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_slang&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Motivations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The primary motivation for using a slang unique to the Internet is to ease <a href="/wiki/Communication" title="Communication">communication</a>. However, while Internet slang shortcuts save time for the writer, they take two times as long for the reader to understand, according to a study by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tasmania" title="University of Tasmania">University of Tasmania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, similar to the use of slang in traditional face-to-face speech or written language, slang on the Internet is often a way of indicating <a href="/wiki/Social_group" title="Social group">group membership</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Internet slang provides a channel which facilitates and constrains the ability to communicate in ways that are fundamentally different from those found in other semiotic situations. Many of the expectations and practices which we associate with spoken and written language are no longer applicable. The Internet itself is ideal for new slang to emerge because of the richness of the medium and the availability of information.<sup id="cite_ref-bas_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bas-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slang is also thus motivated for the "creation and sustenance of online communities".<sup id="cite_ref-bas_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bas-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These communities, in turn, play a role in solidarity or identification<sup id="cite_ref-Yin_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-miao_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miao-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or an exclusive or common cause.<sup id="cite_ref-mud_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mud-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>David Crystal distinguishes among five areas of the Internet where slang is used- <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">The Web itself</a>, <a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_communication" title="Asynchronous communication">asynchronous chat</a> (for example, <a href="/wiki/Mailing_list" title="Mailing list">mailing lists</a>), <a href="/wiki/Synchronous_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Synchronous communication">synchronous chat</a> (for example, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">Internet Relay Chat</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Virtual_world" title="Virtual world">virtual worlds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidcrystal_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidcrystal-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">electronic</a> character of the channel has a fundamental influence on the language of the medium. Options for communication are constrained by the nature of the hardware needed in order to gain Internet access. Thus, productive linguistic capacity (the type of information that can be sent) is determined by the preassigned characters on a <a href="/wiki/Computer_keyboard" title="Computer keyboard">keyboard</a>, and receptive linguistic capacity (the type of information that can be seen) is determined by the size and configuration of the screen. Additionally, both sender and receiver are constrained linguistically by the properties of the internet <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">computer hardware</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Networking_hardware" title="Networking hardware">networking hardware</a> linking them. Electronic discourse refers to writing that is "very often reads as if it were being spoken – that is, as if the sender were writing talking".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_slang">Types of slang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_slang&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Types of slang"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buesum_molenfeuer_lol_rofl.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Buesum_molenfeuer_lol_rofl.JPG/220px-Buesum_molenfeuer_lol_rofl.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Buesum_molenfeuer_lol_rofl.JPG/330px-Buesum_molenfeuer_lol_rofl.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Buesum_molenfeuer_lol_rofl.JPG/440px-Buesum_molenfeuer_lol_rofl.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>In this picture, the graffiti represents some examples of the different types of slang. The symbols "X:)" ":)" and "XD" are an example of emoticons. LOL "laugh out loud" and ROFL "rolling on the floor laughing" are examples of letter homophones.</figcaption></figure> <p>Internet slang does not constitute a homogeneous language variety; rather, it differs according to the user and type of Internet situation.<sup id="cite_ref-hohenhaus_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hohenhaus-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Audience_design" title="Audience design">Audience design</a> occurs in online platforms, and therefore online communities can develop their own <a href="/wiki/Sociolects" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociolects">sociolects</a>, or shared linguistic norms.<sup id="cite_ref-pavalanathan_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pavalanathan-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lucy_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lucy-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within the language of Internet slang, there is still an element of <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_prescriptivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistic prescriptivism">prescriptivism</a>, as seen in <a href="/wiki/Style_guides" class="mw-redirect" title="Style guides">style guides</a>, for example <i>Wired Style</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-hale_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hale-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which are specifically aimed at usage on the Internet. Even so, few users consciously heed these prescriptive recommendations on CMC (<a href="/wiki/Computer-mediated_communication" title="Computer-mediated communication">Computer-mediated communication</a>), but rather adapt their styles based on what they encounter online.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it is difficult to produce a clear definition of Internet slang, the following types of slang may be observed. This list is not exhaustive. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Class</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>Letter homophones</td> <td>Included within this group are <a href="/wiki/Abbreviation" title="Abbreviation">abbreviations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">acronyms</a>. An abbreviation is a shortening of a word, for example "CU" or "CYA" for "see you (see ya)". An acronym, on the other hand, is a subset of abbreviations and are formed from the initial components of each word. Examples of common acronyms include "LOL" for "laugh out loud", "BTW" for "by the way" and "TFW" for "that feeling when". There are also combinations of both, like "CUL8R" for "see you later". </td></tr> <tr> <td>Heterographs</td> <td>Using one word in place of another, different but similarly sounding, word. Alternatively, a deliberate misspelling. For example, using "sauce" instead of "source" when asking for the source of an image or other posted material online.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, TikTok algorithms monitor 'explicit' content by censoring certain words or promoting videos based on the inclusion of certain hashtags; the intentional misspelling of words bypasses censorship guidelines and subsequently creates a range of platform-specific slang, renders trigger warnings as ineffective and can end up promoting harmful content (e.g. misspelling anorexia, pro-eating disorder content can be featured on the For You page via algorithms that promote popular content).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Punctuation, capitalizations, and other symbols</td> <td>Such features are commonly used for emphasis. Periods or exclamation marks may be used repeatedly for emphasis, such as "........" or "!!!!!!!!!!". Question marks and exclamation marks are often used together in strings such as "?!?!?!?!" when one is angry while asking a question. Grammatical punctuation rules are also relaxed on the Internet. "E-mail" may simply be expressed as "email", and apostrophes can be dropped so that "John's book" becomes "johns book". Examples of capitalizations include "STOP IT", which can convey a stronger emotion of annoyance as opposed to "stop it". Bold, underline and italics are also used to indicate stress. Using a tilde ~ can be a symbol of sarcasm, like "~That was so funny ~".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The period can also be used in a way to symbolize seriousness, or anger like "Ok." </td></tr> <tr> <td>Onomatopoeic or stylized spellings</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Onomatopoeia" title="Onomatopoeia">Onomatopoeic</a> spellings have also become popularized on the Internet. One well-known example is "hahaha" to indicate laughter. Onomatopoeic spellings are very language specific. For instance, in Spanish, laughter is spelled as "jajaja" instead because J is pronounced as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sp-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span> (like English "h" in "hahaha") in Spanish. In Thai, it is "55555" because 5 in Thai ("ห้า") is pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="th-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/haː˥˩/</span>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Keyboard-generated emoticons and smileys</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emoticon" title="Emoticon">Emoticons</a> are generally found in web forums, instant messengers, and online games. They are culture-specific and certain emoticons are only found in some languages but not in others. For example, the Japanese equivalent of emoticons, kaomoji (literally "face marks"), focus on the eyes instead of the mouth as in Western emoticons. They are also meant to be read right-side up, as in ^_^ as opposed to sideways, :3. More recently than face emoticons, other emoticon symbols such as <3 (which is a sideways heart) have emerged. Compared to emoticons used in Western cultures such as the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, kaomoji play a very distinct social role in online discourse.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Emojis </td> <td>Emojis are relatively new to internet slang,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are much like emoticons in the way that they convey messages in a visual way. However, while emoticons create an image using characters from the keyboard, emojis are a whole new level of communication and slang that portray messages in small cartoons. With culture comes different meaning for different emojis. For example, in 2016, Emojipedia and Prismoji took 571 peach emojis tweets and associated them with six different meanings varying from the fruit, feeling peachy, or sexual connotations.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Leet</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leet" title="Leet">Leetspeak</a>, or 1337,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an alternative alphabet for the English language which uses various combinations of ASCII characters to replace Latinate letters. For example, Wikipedia may be expressed as "\/\/1|<1p3[)14". It originated from computer hacking, but its use has been extended to online gaming as well. Leet is often used today to set up effective security password for different accounts.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leet is also used on social media platforms that employ content control algorithms to censor topics that may be controversial or inappropriate; using leet for potentially problematic terms (e.g. "k1ll"; "s3x"; "ant1s3m1t1sm") can avoid censorship. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Novel <a href="/wiki/Syntax" title="Syntax">syntactic</a> features</td> <td>Unusual syntactic structures such as "<a href="/wiki/I_Can_Has_Cheezburger%3F" title="I Can Has Cheezburger?">I Can Has Cheezburger?</a>" and "You are doing me a frighten" have been encouraged and spread by highly successful memes. Pluralization of "<a href="/wiki/Internets" title="Internets">the internets</a>" is another example, which has become common since it was used by <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> during a televised event.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views">Views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_slang&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many debates about how the use of slang on the Internet influences language outside of the digital sphere go on. Even though the direct causal relationship between the Internet and language has yet to be proven by any scientific research,<sup id="cite_ref-www.newjerseynewsroom.com_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.newjerseynewsroom.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internet slang has invited split views on its influence on the standard of language use in non-<a href="/wiki/Computer-mediated_communication" title="Computer-mediated communication">computer-mediated communications</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_prescription" title="Linguistic prescription">Prescriptivists</a> tend to have the widespread belief that the Internet has a negative influence on the future of language, and that it could lead to a degradation of standard.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidcrystal_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidcrystal-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some would even attribute any decline of standard formal English to the increase in usage of electronic communication.<sup id="cite_ref-www.newjerseynewsroom.com_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.newjerseynewsroom.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been suggested that the linguistic differences between Standard English and <a href="/wiki/Computer-mediated_communication" title="Computer-mediated communication">CMC</a> can have implications for literacy education.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is illustrated by the widely reported example of a school essay submitted by a Scottish teenager, which contained many abbreviations and acronyms likened to <a href="/wiki/SMS_language" title="SMS language">SMS language</a>. There was great condemnation of this style by the mass media as well as educationists, who expressed that this showed diminishing literacy or linguistic abilities.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the other hand, <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_description" title="Linguistic description">descriptivists</a> have counter-argued that the Internet allows better expressions of a language.<sup id="cite_ref-www.newjerseynewsroom.com_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.newjerseynewsroom.com-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rather than established linguistic conventions, linguistic choices sometimes reflect personal taste.<sup id="cite_ref-baron_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baron-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been suggested that as opposed to intentionally flouting language conventions, Internet slang is a result of a lack of motivation to monitor speech online.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hale and Scanlon describe language in emails as being derived from "writing the way people talk", and that there is no need to insist on 'Standard' English.<sup id="cite_ref-hale_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hale-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English users, in particular, have an extensive tradition of etiquette guides, instead of traditional prescriptive treatises, that offer pointers on linguistic appropriateness.<sup id="cite_ref-baron_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baron-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using and spreading Internet slang also adds onto the cultural currency of a language.<sup id="cite_ref-Garcia_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garcia-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is important to the speakers of the language due to the foundation it provides for identifying within a group, and also for defining a person's individual linguistic and communicative competence.<sup id="cite_ref-Garcia_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garcia-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result is a specialized subculture based on its use of slang.<sup id="cite_ref-annemarie_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annemarie-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In scholarly research, attention has, for example, been drawn to the effect of the use of Internet slang in <a href="/wiki/Ethnography" title="Ethnography">ethnography</a>, and more importantly to how conversational relationships online change structurally because slang is used.<sup id="cite_ref-Garcia_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garcia-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In German, there is already considerable controversy regarding the use of <a href="/wiki/Anglicisms" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicisms">anglicisms</a> outside of CMC.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This situation is even more problematic within CMC, since the <a href="/wiki/Jargon" title="Jargon">jargon</a> of the medium is dominated by English terms.<sup id="cite_ref-hohenhaus_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hohenhaus-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An extreme example of an anti-anglicisms perspective can be observed from the chatroom rules of a Christian site,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which bans all anglicisms ("<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Das Verwenden von Anglizismen ist strengstens untersagt!</i></span>" [Using anglicisms is strictly prohibited!]), and also translates even fundamental terms into German equivalents.<sup id="cite_ref-hohenhaus_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hohenhaus-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journalism">Journalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_slang&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Journalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2014, <i><a href="/wiki/Gawker" title="Gawker">Gawker</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/Editor-in-chief" title="Editor-in-chief">editor-in-chief</a> Max Read instituted new writing style guidelines banning internet slang for his writing staff.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawker_bans_'Internet_slang'_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawker_bans_'Internet_slang'-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gawker_Rips_Buzzfeed_in_Ban_on_'WTF,'_'Epic'_and_Other_Internet_Slang_From_Its_Website_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawker_Rips_Buzzfeed_in_Ban_on_'WTF,'_'Epic'_and_Other_Internet_Slang_From_Its_Website-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-'Massive'_Attack:_Gawker_Goes_After_Whopping_Word_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-'Massive'_Attack:_Gawker_Goes_After_Whopping_Word-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gawker_Editor_Bans_'Internet_Slang,'_Challenges_Staff_to_'Sound_Like_Regular_Human_Beings'_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawker_Editor_Bans_'Internet_Slang,'_Challenges_Staff_to_'Sound_Like_Regular_Human_Beings'-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-A_ban_on_internet_slang?_That's_derp_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_ban_on_internet_slang?_That's_derp-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gawker_is_Trying_to_Use_'Adult'_Language._Good_Luck_to_Them._42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawker_is_Trying_to_Use_'Adult'_Language._Good_Luck_to_Them.-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internet slang has gained attraction, however in other publications ranging from Buzzfeed to The Washington Post, gaining attention from younger viewers.  Clickbait headlines have particularly sparked attention, originating from the rise of Buzzfeed in the journalistic sphere which ultimately lead to an online landscape populated with social media references and a shift in language use. <sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_beyond_computer-mediated_communication">Use beyond computer-mediated communication</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_slang&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Use beyond computer-mediated communication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Internet <a href="/wiki/Slang" title="Slang">slang</a> has crossed from being mediated by the computer into other non-physical domains.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here, these domains are taken to refer to any domain of interaction where interlocutors need not be geographically proximate to one another, and where the Internet is not primarily used. Internet slang is now prevalent in telephony, mainly through short messages (<a href="/wiki/SMS" title="SMS">SMS</a>) communication. Abbreviations and <a href="/wiki/Interjection" title="Interjection">interjections</a>, especially, have been popularized in this medium, perhaps due to the limited character space for writing messages on mobile phones. Another possible reason for this spread is the convenience of transferring the existing mappings between expression and meaning into a similar space of interaction.<sup id="cite_ref-new.bbc.co.uk_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new.bbc.co.uk-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, Internet slang has also taken a place as part of everyday <a href="/wiki/Offline" class="mw-redirect" title="Offline">offline</a> language, among those with digital access.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nature and content of <a href="/wiki/Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Online">online</a> conversation is brought forward to direct offline communication through the <a href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">telephone</a> and direct talking, as well as through <a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">written language</a>, such as in writing notes or letters. In the case of interjections, such as numerically based and abbreviated Internet slang, are not pronounced as they are written physically or replaced by any actual action. Rather, they become <a href="/wiki/Lexicalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexicalisation">lexicalized</a> and spoken like non-slang words in a "stage direction" like fashion, where the actual action is not carried out but substituted with a verbal signal. The notions of flaming and <a href="/wiki/Troll_(Internet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Troll (Internet)">trolling</a> have also extended outside the computer, and are used in the same circumstances of deliberate or unintentional implicatures.<sup id="cite_ref-bas_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bas-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The expansion of Internet slang has been furthered through codification and the promotion of digital literacy. The subsequently existing and growing popularity of such references among those online as well as offline has thus advanced Internet slang <a href="/wiki/Digital_literacy" title="Digital literacy">literacy</a> and globalized it.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Awareness and proficiency in manipulating Internet slang in both online and offline communication indicates digital literacy and teaching materials have even been developed to further this knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A South Korean publisher, for example, has published a textbook that details the meaning and context of use for common Internet slang instances and is targeted at young children who will soon be using the Internet.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, Internet slang has been recommended as language teaching material in second language classrooms in order to raise communicative competence by imparting some of the cultural value attached to a language that is available only in slang.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, well-known dictionaries such as the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_English" title="Oxford Dictionary of English">ODE</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a> have been updated with a significant and growing body of slang jargon. Besides common examples, lesser known slang and slang with a non-English etymology have also found a place in standardized linguistic references. Along with these instances, literature in user-contributed dictionaries such as <a href="/wiki/Urban_Dictionary" title="Urban Dictionary">Urban Dictionary</a> has also been added to. Codification seems to be qualified through frequency of use, and novel creations are often not accepted by other users of slang.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Present">Present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_slang&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Internet slang began as a means of "opposition" to mainstream language, its popularity with today's globalized digitally literate population has shifted it into a part of everyday language, where it also leaves a profound impact.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frequently used slang also have become conventionalised into memetic "unit[s] of cultural information".<sup id="cite_ref-bas_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bas-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These memes in turn are further spread through their use on the Internet, prominently through websites. The Internet as an "information superhighway" is also catalysed through slang.<sup id="cite_ref-annemarie_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annemarie-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The evolution of slang has also created a 'slang union'<sup id="cite_ref-Yin_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as part of a unique, specialised subculture.<sup id="cite_ref-annemarie_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annemarie-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such impacts are, however, limited and requires further discussion especially from the non-English world. This is because Internet slang is prevalent in languages more actively used on the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>, like <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, which is the Internet's <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Around_the_world">Around the world</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_slang&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Around the world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grass_Mud_Horse_Seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Grass_Mud_Horse_Seal.svg/220px-Grass_Mud_Horse_Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Grass_Mud_Horse_Seal.svg/330px-Grass_Mud_Horse_Seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Grass_Mud_Horse_Seal.svg/440px-Grass_Mud_Horse_Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="437" /></a><figcaption>Chinese seal carving work. The character is a combination of three characters, which is done by Chinese <a href="/wiki/Netizen" title="Netizen">netizen</a>. This is a satire of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Internet_censorship" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Internet censorship">Chinese Internet censorship</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Grass_Mud_Horse" title="Grass Mud Horse">Grass Mud Horse</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In Japanese, the term <a href="/wiki/Moe_(slang)" title="Moe (slang)">moe</a> has come into common use among slang users to mean something "preciously cute" and appealing.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aside from the more frequent abbreviations, acronyms, and <a href="/wiki/Emoticon" title="Emoticon">emoticons</a>, Internet slang also uses archaic words or the lesser-known meanings of mainstream terms.<sup id="cite_ref-Yin_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regular words can also be altered into something with a similar pronunciation but altogether different meaning, or attributed new meanings altogether.<sup id="cite_ref-Yin_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phonetic transcriptions are the transformation of words to how it sounds in a certain language, and are used as internet slang.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In places where <a href="/wiki/Logograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Logograph">logographic</a> languages are used, such as China, a visual Internet slang exists, giving characters dual meanings, one direct and one implied.<sup id="cite_ref-Yin_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Internet has helped people from all over the world to become connected to one another, enabling "global" relationships to be formed.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, it is important for the various types of slang used online to be recognizable for everyone. It is also important to do so because of how other languages are quickly catching up with English on the Internet, following the increase in Internet usage in predominantly non-English speaking countries. In fact, as of January 2020, only approximately 25.9% of the online population is made up of English speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Different cultures tend to have different motivations behind their choice of slang, on top of the difference in language used. For example, in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Internet_slang" title="Chinese Internet slang">China</a>, because of the tough Internet regulations imposed, users tend to use certain slang to talk about issues deemed as sensitive to the government. These include using symbols to separate the characters of a word to avoid detection from manual or automated text pattern scanning and consequential <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">censorship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An outstanding example is the use of the term <a href="/wiki/River_crab_(Internet_slang)" class="mw-redirect" title="River crab (Internet slang)">river crab</a> to denote censorship. River crab (hexie) is pronounced the same as "harmony"—the official term used to justify political discipline and censorship. As such Chinese netizens reappropriate the official terms in a sarcastic way.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Abbreviations" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a> are popular across different cultures, including countries like <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, etc., and are used according to the particular language the Internet users speak. Significantly, this same style of slang creation is also found in non-alphabetical languages<sup id="cite_ref-Yin_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as, for example, a form of "<a href="/wiki/Kuso#Compared_to_e'gao" title="Kuso">e gao</a>" or alternative political discourse.<sup id="cite_ref-mud_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mud-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The difference in language often results in miscommunication, as seen in an <a href="/wiki/Onomatopoeia" title="Onomatopoeia">onomatopoeic</a> example, "555", which sounds like "crying" in Chinese, and "laughing" in Thai.<sup id="cite_ref-lovelovechina.com_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lovelovechina.com-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar example is between the English "haha" and the Spanish "jaja", where both are onomatopoeic expressions of laughter, but the difference in language also meant a different consonant for the same sound to be produced. For more examples of how other languages express "laughing out loud", see also: <a href="/wiki/LOL" title="LOL">LOL</a> </p><p>In terms of culture, in Chinese, the numerically based onomatopoeia "770880" (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">亲亲你抱抱你</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">親親你抱抱你</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">qīn qīn nǐ bào bào nǐ</span></i>), which means to 'kiss and hug you', is used.<sup id="cite_ref-lovelovechina.com_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lovelovechina.com-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is comparable to "XOXO", which many Internet users use. In French, "pk" or "pq" is used in the place of pourquoi, which means 'why'. This is an example of a combination of onomatopoeia and shortening of the original word for convenience when writing online. </p><p>In conclusion, every different country has their own language background and cultural differences and hence, they tend to have their own rules and motivations for their own Internet slang. However, at present, there is still a lack of studies done by researchers on some differences between the countries. </p><p>On the whole, the popular use of Internet slang has resulted in a unique online and offline community as well as a couple sub-categories of "special internet slang which is different from other slang spread on the whole internet... similar to jargon... usually decided by the sharing community".<sup id="cite_ref-miao_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miao-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also led to virtual communities marked by the specific slang they use<sup id="cite_ref-miao_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miao-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and led to a more homogenized yet diverse online culture.<sup id="cite_ref-Yin_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-miao_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miao-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internet_slang_in_advertisements">Internet slang in advertisements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_slang&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Internet slang in advertisements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Internet_slang##" title="Talk:Internet slang">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Internet_slang&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Internet+slang%22">"Internet slang"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Internet+slang%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Internet+slang%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Internet+slang%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Internet+slang%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Internet+slang%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Internet slang can make <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertisements</a> more effective.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through two empirical studies, it was proven that Internet slang could help promote or capture the crowd's attention through advertisement, but did not increase the sales of the product. However, using Internet slang in advertisement may attract a certain demographic, and might not be the best to use depending on the product or goods. Furthermore, an overuse of Internet slang also negatively effects the brand due to quality of the advertisement, but using an appropriate amount would be sufficient in providing more attention to the ad. According to the experiment, Internet slang helped capture the attention of the consumers of necessity items. However, the demographic of luxury goods differ, and using Internet slang would potentially have the brand lose credibility due to the appropriateness of Internet slang.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_slang&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-linguistics.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Noun-linguistics.svg/25px-Noun-linguistics.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Noun-linguistics.svg/38px-Noun-linguistics.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Noun-linguistics.svg/51px-Noun-linguistics.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="29" data-file-height="32" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Linguistics" title="Portal:Linguistics">Linguistics portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/48px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/64px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Vernacular_English" title="African-American Vernacular English">African-American Vernacular English</a> (<abbr>AAVE</abbr>) – Variety of American English</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyberculture">Cyberculture</a> – Culture that has emerged from the use of computer networks<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_industry_jargon" title="Internet industry jargon">Internet industry jargon</a> – Jargon used by workers in the Internet industry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/English-language_spelling_reform" title="English-language spelling reform">English-language spelling reform</a> – Proposed reforms to English spelling to be more phonetic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_linguistics" title="Internet linguistics">Internet linguistics</a> – Domain of linguistics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">Internet meme</a> – Cultural item spread via the Internet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_minute" title="Internet minute">Internet minute</a> – internet slang<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jargon_File" title="Jargon File">Jargon File</a> – Collection of definitions from computer subcultures</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_used_on_the_Internet" title="Languages used on the Internet">Languages used on the Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_acronyms" title="Lists of acronyms">Lists of acronyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Generation_Z_slang" title="List of Generation Z slang">List of Generation Z slang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netiquette" class="mw-redirect" title="Netiquette">Netiquette</a> – Code of behavior for use of the Internet<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li>Roman and medieval abbreviations used to save space on manuscripts and epigraphs: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Scribal abbreviations</a> – Abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a> – Roman shorthand system</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typographic_ligature" class="mw-redirect" title="Typographic ligature">Typographic ligature</a> – Glyph combining two or more letterforms<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TL;DR" title="TL;DR">TL;DR</a> – "too long; didn't read"; internet comment</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_slang&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZappavigna2012" class="citation book cs1">Zappavigna, Michele (2012). <i>Discourse of Twitter and Social Media: How We Use Language to Create Affiliation on the Web</i>. eBook. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781441138712" title="Special:BookSources/9781441138712"><bdi>9781441138712</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discourse+of+Twitter+and+Social+Media%3A+How+We+Use+Language+to+Create+Affiliation+on+the+Web&rft.place=eBook&rft.pages=127&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781441138712&rft.aulast=Zappavigna&rft.aufirst=Michele&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+slang" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yin-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yin_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yin_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yin_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a 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"Notes On The Net." <i>Index on Censorship</i> Vol 37:2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nordin, Astrid and Richaud, Lisa (2014), "Subverting official language and discourse in China? Type river rrab for harmony," <i>China Information</i> 28, 1 (March): 47–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lovelovechina.com-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lovelovechina.com_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lovelovechina.com_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrystal_Tao2010" class="citation web cs1">Crystal Tao (6 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120420091421/http://www.lovelovechina.com/entertainment/why-thai-laugh-when-chinese-cry/">"Why Thai Laugh When Chinese Cry?"</a>. Lovelovechina.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lovelovechina.com/entertainment/why-thai-laugh-when-chinese-cry/">the original</a> on 20 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Thai+Laugh+When+Chinese+Cry%3F&rft.pub=Lovelovechina.com&rft.date=2010-05-06&rft.au=Crystal+Tao&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lovelovechina.com%2Fentertainment%2Fwhy-thai-laugh-when-chinese-cry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+slang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiuGuiZuoDai2019" class="citation journal cs1">Liu S, Gui DY, Zuo Y, Dai Y (7 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6566129">"Good Slang or Bad Slang? Embedding Internet Slang in Persuasive Advertising"</a>. <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>. <b>10</b>: 1251. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2019.01251">10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01251</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6566129">6566129</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31231278">31231278</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Psychology&rft.atitle=Good+Slang+or+Bad+Slang%3F+Embedding+Internet+Slang+in+Persuasive+Advertising&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=1251&rft.date=2019-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6566129%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31231278&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2019.01251&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Gui%2C+DY&rft.au=Zuo%2C+Y&rft.au=Dai%2C+Y&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6566129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+slang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_slang&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaron2000" class="citation book cs1">Baron, Naomi S. (2000). <i><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_to_E-mail" title="Alphabet to E-mail"><i>Alphabet to E-mail: How Written English Evolved and Where It's Heading</i></a></i>. London; New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-18685-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-18685-4"><bdi>0-415-18685-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alphabet+to+E-mail%3A+How+Written+English+Evolved+and+Where+It%27s+Heading&rft.place=London%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-415-18685-4&rft.aulast=Baron&rft.aufirst=Naomi+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+slang" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAunger2002" class="citation book cs1">Aunger, Robert (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/electricmemenewt0000aung"><i>The Electric Meme: A new theory of how we think</i></a></span>. New York: Free Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781451612950" title="Special:BookSources/9781451612950"><bdi>9781451612950</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Electric+Meme%3A+A+new+theory+of+how+we+think&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781451612950&rft.aulast=Aunger&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felectricmemenewt0000aung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+slang" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndroutsopoulos2006" class="citation journal cs1">Androutsopoulos, Jannis (2006). "Introduction: Sociolinguistics and computer-mediated communication". <i>Journal of Sociolinguistics</i>. <b>10</b> (4): 419–438. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9841.2006.00286.x">10.1111/j.1467-9841.2006.00286.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Sociolinguistics&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+Sociolinguistics+and+computer-mediated+communication&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=419-438&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-9841.2006.00286.x&rft.aulast=Androutsopoulos&rft.aufirst=Jannis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+slang" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaron2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Baron" title="Naomi Baron">Baron, Naomi S.</a> (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alwaysonlanguage00baro_0"><i>Always on: language in an online and mobile world</i></a></span>. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-531305-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-531305-5"><bdi>978-0-19-531305-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Always+on%3A+language+in+an+online+and+mobile+world&rft.place=Oxford%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-531305-5&rft.aulast=Baron&rft.aufirst=Naomi+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falwaysonlanguage00baro_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+slang" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVizgirdaite2009" class="citation journal cs1">Vizgirdaite, Jurgita (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228050344/http://www.socsc.ktu.lt/index.php/Social/issue/archive">"Filling the Child-Parent Relationship Gap via the Parent Self-Education and Intergenerational Education on Internet Slang"</a>. <i>Socialiniai Mokslai [Social Sciences]</i>. <b>64</b> (2). Kaunas University of Technology: 57–66. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1392-0758">1392-0758</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.socsc.ktu.lt/index.php/Social/issue/archive">the original</a> on 28 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Socialiniai+Mokslai+%5BSocial+Sciences%5D&rft.atitle=Filling+the+Child-Parent+Relationship+Gap+via+the+Parent+Self-Education+and+Intergenerational+Education+on+Internet+Slang&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=57-66&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=1392-0758&rft.aulast=Vizgirdaite&rft.aufirst=Jurgita&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.socsc.ktu.lt%2Findex.php%2FSocial%2Fissue%2Farchive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+slang" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kf.vu.lt/en/studies/93-lecturers/1414-dr-jurgita-vizgirdaite">Alt URL</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarber2013" class="citation journal cs1">Garber, Megan (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/11/english-has-a-new-preposition-because-internet/281601/">"English Has a New Preposition, Because Internet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=English+Has+a+New+Preposition%2C+Because+Internet&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Garber&rft.aufirst=Megan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Ftechnology%2Farchive%2F2013%2F11%2Fenglish-has-a-new-preposition-because-internet%2F281601%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+slang" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPringle" class="citation web cs1">Pringle, Ramona. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/emojis-forever-pringle-1.4577456">"Emojis are Everywhere and They're Changing How We Communicate"</a>. <i>CBC News</i>. CBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Emojis+are+Everywhere+and+They%27re+Changing+How+We+Communicate&rft.aulast=Pringle&rft.aufirst=Ramona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Ftechnology%2Femojis-forever-pringle-1.4577456&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternet+slang" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_slang&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Other_dictionaries_on_the_Web" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Wiktionary:Other dictionaries on the Web">Wiktionary:Other dictionaries on the Web</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Internet_slang" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Internet slang">Internet slang</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Dictionaries of slang and abbreviations: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allacronyms.com/_Internet_slang">All Acronyms</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://foldoc.org/">FOLDOC</a>, computing</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://internetslang.com/">InternetSlang.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slanginternet.com/">SlangInternet.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140623010444/http://www.internetslangs.net/">Internet Slangs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.noslang.com/dictionary/">Slang Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slanglang.net/">SlangLang.net</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slang.net/">Slang.net</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Internet_slang_variants" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Internet_slang_variants" title="Template:Internet slang variants"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internet_slang_variants" title="Template talk:Internet slang variants"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Internet_slang_variants" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Internet slang variants"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Internet_slang_variants" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Internet slang</a> variants</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_chat_alphabet" title="Arabic chat alphabet">Arabizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alay" title="Alay">Alay (Indonesia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denglisch" title="Denglisch">Denglisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doge_(meme)" title="Doge (meme)">Doge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoggoLingo" title="DoggoLingo">DoggoLingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingilish" class="mw-redirect" title="Fingilish">Fingilish (Persian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeklish" title="Greeklish">Greeklish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyaru-moji" title="Gyaru-moji">Gyaru-moji (Japan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jejemon" title="Jejemon">Jejemon (Philippines)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leet" title="Leet">Leet ("1337")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolcat" title="Lolcat">Lolspeak / LOLspeak / Kitteh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_language" title="Martian language">Martian language (Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migux%C3%AAs" title="Miguxês">Miguxês (Portuguese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padonkaffsky_jargon" title="Padonkaffsky jargon">Padonkaffsky jargon (Russian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Chinese" title="Pseudo-Chinese">Pseudo-Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_language" title="SMS language">SMS language</a> (used in phones)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaminjeongeum" title="Yaminjeongeum">Yaminjeongeum (Korean)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Internet_slang" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Internet_slang" title="Template:Internet slang"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internet_slang" title="Template talk:Internet slang"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Internet_slang" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Internet slang"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Internet_slang" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Internet slang</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abuse" title="Abuse">Abuse</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baizuo" title="Baizuo">Baizuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creepy_treehouse" title="Creepy treehouse">Creepy treehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberbullying" title="Cyberbullying">Cyberbullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberstalking" title="Cyberstalking">Cyberstalking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxing" title="Doxing">Doxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgelord" title="Edgelord">Edgelord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaming_(Internet)" title="Flaming (Internet)">Flaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griefer" title="Griefer">Griefer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacker_(computer_security)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hacker (computer security)">Hacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keylogger" class="mw-redirect" title="Keylogger">Keylogger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Pink" title="Little Pink">Little Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malware" title="Malware">Malware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sealioning" title="Sealioning">Sealioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phishing" title="Phishing">Phishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Script_kiddie" title="Script kiddie">Script kiddie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shitposting" title="Shitposting">Shitposting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_banning" title="Shadow banning">Shadow banning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spamming" title="Spamming">Spamming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tankie" title="Tankie">Tankie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_troll" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet troll">Troll</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Internet_map_1024_-_transparent,_inverted.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Internet"><img alt="Map of the Internet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png/80px-Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png/120px-Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png/160px-Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chatspeak" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatspeak">Chatspeak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emoticon" title="Emoticon">Emoticon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uwu" title="Uwu">uwu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodl" class="mw-redirect" title="Hodl">Hodl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leet" title="Leet">Leet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Owned_(slang)" title="Owned (slang)">Owned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pr0n</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pwn" class="mw-redirect" title="Pwn">Pwn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teh" title="Teh">Teh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W00t" title="W00t">w00t</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">Fap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LOL" title="LOL">LOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Not_safe_for_work" title="Not safe for work">NSFW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padonkaffsky_jargon" title="Padonkaffsky jargon">Padonkaffsky jargon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexting" title="Sexting">Sexting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Imageboard" title="Imageboard">Imageboard</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anonymous (group)">Anonymous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imageboard#Imageboards" title="Imageboard">-chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_pornography" title="Child pornography">CP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clop_(erotic_fan_art)" title="Clop (erotic fan art)">Clop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goatse.cx" title="Goatse.cx">goatse.cx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolcat" title="Lolcat">Lolcat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lurker" title="Lurker">Lurk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newbie" title="Newbie">Newbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_RLY%3F" title="O RLY?">O RLY?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_post" class="mw-redirect" title="Original post">OP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedobear" title="Pedobear">Pedobear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rickrolling" title="Rickrolling">Rickrolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_34" title="Rule 34">Rule 34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_63" title="Rule 63">Rule 63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripcode" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripcode">Tripcode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanophilia" title="Japanophilia">Weeaboo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiff" title="Yiff">Yiff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">Memes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena#Advertising_and_products" title="List of Internet phenomena">Advertising and products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena#Animation_and_comics" title="List of Internet phenomena">Animation and comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena#Challenges" title="List of Internet phenomena">Challenges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena#Email" title="List of Internet phenomena">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena#Film" title="List of Internet phenomena">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena#Gaming" title="List of Internet phenomena">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena#Images" title="List of Internet phenomena">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_viral_music_videos" title="List of viral music videos">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena#Politics" title="List of Internet phenomena">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_viral_videos" title="List of viral videos">Videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena#Other_phenomena" title="List of Internet phenomena">Miscellaneous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doge_(meme)" title="Doge (meme)">Doge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TL;DR" title="TL;DR">TL;DR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eternal_September" title="Eternal September">Eternal September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporgery" title="Sporgery">Sporgery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Internet_slang" 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