CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Michael Loux - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "profiles/works", 'action': "summary", 'controller_action': 'profiles/works#summary', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="izQxS6aYXHZ67JQ/jO5njX2lpYSPrKlfrieX9LaFNe8+AHmFXyrun3X1tn60iL4CwJN62qDWDNFiv+s7BJZt/A==" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow-77f7b87cb1583fc59aa8f94756ebfe913345937eb932042b4077563bebb5fb4b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/social/home-1c712297ae3ac71207193b1bae0ecf1aae125886850f62c9c0139dd867630797.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/heading-b2b823dd904da60a48fd1bfa1defd840610c2ff414d3f39ed3af46277ab8df3b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> <meta name="author" content="michael loux" /> <meta name="description" content="Michael Loux: 43 Followers, 1 Following, 16 Research papers. Research interests: Aristotle, Plato, and Ancient Philosophy." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'works'; var $action_name = "summary"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":15276,"monthly_visitors":"113 million","monthly_visitor_count":113468711,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":113,"user_count":277156708,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732461074000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732461074000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-296162c7af6fd81dcdd76f1a94f1fad04fb5f647401337d136fe8b68742170b1.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-8d53a22151f33ab413d88fa1c02f979c3f8706d470fc1bced09852c72a9f3454.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-f8fe82512740391f81c9e8cc48220144024b425b359b08194e316f4de070b9e8.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux" /> </head>   <body class='c-profiles/works a-summary logged_out'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/profile.wjs-bundle-9601d1cc3d68aa07c0a9901d03d3611aec04cc07d2a2039718ebef4ad4d148ca.js" defer="defer"></script><script>Aedu.rankings = { showPaperRankingsLink: false } $viewedUser = Aedu.User.set_viewed( {"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png","has_photo":false,"is_analytics_public":false,"interests":[{"id":2019,"name":"Aristotle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotle"},{"id":2018,"name":"Plato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plato"},{"id":17178,"name":"Ancient Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Philosophy"},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"}]} ); if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = []</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux","location":"/MichaelLoux","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/MichaelLoux","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-b270fb1e-f65a-4000-bfd7-765bfed1cc87"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-b270fb1e-f65a-4000-bfd7-765bfed1cc87"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Michael Loux</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Michael" data-follow-user-id="42226528" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="42226528"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">43</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">1</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-author</p><p class="data">1</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42226528" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotle"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux","location":"/MichaelLoux","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/MichaelLoux","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Aristotle"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-1b3793d7-3b61-4a89-b01b-dd0a344b1d9e"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-1b3793d7-3b61-4a89-b01b-dd0a344b1d9e"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42226528" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plato"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Plato"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-04ec6bcb-008d-4525-ac50-69f4c6bc6bdc"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-04ec6bcb-008d-4525-ac50-69f4c6bc6bdc"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42226528" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Philosophy"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Ancient Philosophy"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-a104cc97-1413-4697-8051-699b2396339c"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-a104cc97-1413-4697-8051-699b2396339c"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42226528" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Philosophy"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-73cb2cf3-5247-479e-a441-d5d75a7315b4"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-73cb2cf3-5247-479e-a441-d5d75a7315b4"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Michael Loux</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122976381"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122976381/APA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of APA Symposium Aristotle on Substance and Predication" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122976381/APA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication">APA Symposium Aristotle on Substance and Predication</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Ancient Philosophy</span><span>, 1995</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122976381"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122976381"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122976381; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122976381]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122976381]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122976381; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122976381']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 122976381, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122976381]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122976381,"title":"APA Symposium Aristotle on Substance and Predication","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Philosophy Documentation Center","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1995,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Ancient Philosophy"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122976381/APA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-18T03:16:19.967-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"APA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":17178,"name":"Ancient Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Philosophy"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119990305"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/119990305/Aristotle_Metaphysics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Aristotle: Metaphysics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/119990305/Aristotle_Metaphysics">Aristotle: Metaphysics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Shields/The Blackwell</span><span>, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119990305"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119990305"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119990305; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119990305]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119990305]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119990305; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='119990305']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 119990305, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=119990305]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":119990305,"title":"Aristotle: Metaphysics","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2008,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Shields/The Blackwell"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/119990305/Aristotle_Metaphysics","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-05-25T02:49:58.362-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Aristotle_Metaphysics","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113269908"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113269908/Aristotle_on_the_Transcendentals"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Aristotle on the Transcendentals" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113269908/Aristotle_on_the_Transcendentals">Aristotle on the Transcendentals</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Phronesis</span><span>, 1973</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">n this paper, I want to examine two claims found in Aristotle&#39;s Metaphysics: (A) the claim th...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">n this paper, I want to examine two claims found in Aristotle&#39;s Metaphysics: (A) the claim that notions like being and unity do not constitute genera and (B) the claim that such notions are not univocally predicable of all things. I want, in particular, to consider the view (expressed by Porphyry, William of Ockham, and J. L. Ackrill) that (A) entails (B). I shall argue that the alleged entailment cannot hold since while (A) is true, (B) is false.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113269908"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113269908"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113269908; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113269908]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113269908]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113269908; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='113269908']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 113269908, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=113269908]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":113269908,"title":"Aristotle on the Transcendentals","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"n this paper, I want to examine two claims found in Aristotle\u0026#39;s Metaphysics: (A) the claim that notions like being and unity do not constitute genera and (B) the claim that such notions are not univocally predicable of all things. I want, in particular, to consider the view (expressed by Porphyry, William of Ockham, and J. L. Ackrill) that (A) entails (B). I shall argue that the alleged entailment cannot hold since while (A) is true, (B) is false.","publisher":"Brill","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1973,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Phronesis"},"translated_abstract":"n this paper, I want to examine two claims found in Aristotle\u0026#39;s Metaphysics: (A) the claim that notions like being and unity do not constitute genera and (B) the claim that such notions are not univocally predicable of all things. I want, in particular, to consider the view (expressed by Porphyry, William of Ockham, and J. L. Ackrill) that (A) entails (B). I shall argue that the alleged entailment cannot hold since while (A) is true, (B) is false.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113269908/Aristotle_on_the_Transcendentals","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-01-10T02:44:54.582-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Aristotle_on_the_Transcendentals","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":11438,"name":"PHRONESIS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PHRONESIS"},{"id":17178,"name":"Ancient Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Philosophy"}],"urls":[{"id":38416902,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156852873x00168"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="105768466"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/105768466/Philosophy_of_Language"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Philosophy of Language" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105144963/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/105768466/Philosophy_of_Language">Philosophy of Language</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Teaching Philosophy</span><span>, 1975</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="35ca7bcad4a73106f8c09157145e9b07" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105144963,"asset_id":105768466,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105144963/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="105768466"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="105768466"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105768466; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105768466]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105768466]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105768466; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='105768466']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 105768466, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "35ca7bcad4a73106f8c09157145e9b07" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=105768466]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":105768466,"title":"Philosophy of Language","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Philosophy Documentation Center","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1975,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Teaching Philosophy"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105768466/Philosophy_of_Language","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-08-20T02:40:30.587-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":105144963,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105144963/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"d261e107efefd5bfc98f39c5d73b79d03f4d.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105144963/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Philosophy_of_Language.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/105144963/d261e107efefd5bfc98f39c5d73b79d03f4d-libre.pdf?1692524501=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPhilosophy_of_Language.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=Xjse3NWKrB4XAQLIAToXjsbtFld7wBpCbK80jYa9VRMu2kypRyMtOFBS05XAf4yVw5Ij5Ugw4KP1KXo7PnxsaQYkq4JppFxTVIPLewawIryei7FhJrXWCfxE-8F0ulcXSs200VkhLihexnam~4BJzBhU670ss9WVwTZJWWmqvU86Lclv6ttjwkSrurQyrAgWtPrLBKPk4cBGEAiAkPTIJnOOQE6XCTZFxj55rrEX1GkYUksT~Y4~m65elOhDOGHRJkdBJ6V~D~PAoCOoo04o7zsmbWzkibmcCN8AZhYg1NIPuSzJB53DCGDz26zP2lCUy70KMtcCFvy~Hmxo-outnw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Philosophy_of_Language","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[{"id":105144963,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105144963/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"d261e107efefd5bfc98f39c5d73b79d03f4d.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105144963/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Philosophy_of_Language.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/105144963/d261e107efefd5bfc98f39c5d73b79d03f4d-libre.pdf?1692524501=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPhilosophy_of_Language.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=Xjse3NWKrB4XAQLIAToXjsbtFld7wBpCbK80jYa9VRMu2kypRyMtOFBS05XAf4yVw5Ij5Ugw4KP1KXo7PnxsaQYkq4JppFxTVIPLewawIryei7FhJrXWCfxE-8F0ulcXSs200VkhLihexnam~4BJzBhU670ss9WVwTZJWWmqvU86Lclv6ttjwkSrurQyrAgWtPrLBKPk4cBGEAiAkPTIJnOOQE6XCTZFxj55rrEX1GkYUksT~Y4~m65elOhDOGHRJkdBJ6V~D~PAoCOoo04o7zsmbWzkibmcCN8AZhYg1NIPuSzJB53DCGDz26zP2lCUy70KMtcCFvy~Hmxo-outnw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language"},{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy"},{"id":51265,"name":"Philosophie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophie"},{"id":124971,"name":"Education Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems"},{"id":515169,"name":"DDC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DDC"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102292783"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102292783/Comments_on_Individuation_and_Non_Identity_A_Reply_to_H%C3%A9ctor_Neri_Casta%C3%B1eda"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Comments on "Individuation and Non-Identity": A Reply to Héctor-Neri Castañeda" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102599499/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102292783/Comments_on_Individuation_and_Non_Identity_A_Reply_to_H%C3%A9ctor_Neri_Casta%C3%B1eda">Comments on "Individuation and Non-Identity": A Reply to Héctor-Neri Castañeda</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Crítica (México D. F. En línea)</span><span>, 1976</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="905786fc2f72c585deb4f99de698bf08" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102599499,"asset_id":102292783,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102599499/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102292783"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102292783"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102292783; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102292783]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102292783]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102292783; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102292783']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102292783, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "905786fc2f72c585deb4f99de698bf08" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102292783]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102292783,"title":"Comments on \"Individuation and Non-Identity\": A Reply to Héctor-Neri Castañeda","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1976,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Crítica (México D. F. En línea)"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102292783/Comments_on_Individuation_and_Non_Identity_A_Reply_to_H%C3%A9ctor_Neri_Casta%C3%B1eda","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-05-24T07:48:49.497-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":102599499,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102599499/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"166.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102599499/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Comments_on_Individuation_and_Non_Identi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102599499/166-libre.pdf?1684945068=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DComments_on_Individuation_and_Non_Identi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=FZf5JcsnUHMrpuEO4DWxBbI~igEzFOJINS0kgyGSyo1H-qJ7fGA9nb3EW8Nln6kCzGLZVnG1JTuTiBu-D3ydficXWmO4dNN2fnDRhMnTYda9P8xoj3Kvb~dcR9~yg1Sw9Ma14AOz9F7xzZ8ghg1x5o49uSB1lGsMLDJ~Fzi45gaEW10yXDyemsIR9A21iJRSkjSGe7xD3y3pUHwl91zHWb~-dumNqNlRILVWwXCfRXA3I2nK9HZM6X-KMTKFxnnb~9BL9lxmdkxGscJ6933MPneGsAa5ZW~TcqnK3apNxPNRKDC4k2M0DcMHFFoi0LkbqDzVpl7-8nRYnekwmp0MMQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Comments_on_Individuation_and_Non_Identity_A_Reply_to_Héctor_Neri_Castañeda","translated_slug":"","page_count":4,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[{"id":102599499,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102599499/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"166.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102599499/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Comments_on_Individuation_and_Non_Identi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102599499/166-libre.pdf?1684945068=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DComments_on_Individuation_and_Non_Identi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=FZf5JcsnUHMrpuEO4DWxBbI~igEzFOJINS0kgyGSyo1H-qJ7fGA9nb3EW8Nln6kCzGLZVnG1JTuTiBu-D3ydficXWmO4dNN2fnDRhMnTYda9P8xoj3Kvb~dcR9~yg1Sw9Ma14AOz9F7xzZ8ghg1x5o49uSB1lGsMLDJ~Fzi45gaEW10yXDyemsIR9A21iJRSkjSGe7xD3y3pUHwl91zHWb~-dumNqNlRILVWwXCfRXA3I2nK9HZM6X-KMTKFxnnb~9BL9lxmdkxGscJ6933MPneGsAa5ZW~TcqnK3apNxPNRKDC4k2M0DcMHFFoi0LkbqDzVpl7-8nRYnekwmp0MMQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":102599498,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102599498/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"166.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102599498/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Comments_on_Individuation_and_Non_Identi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102599498/166-libre.pdf?1684945069=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DComments_on_Individuation_and_Non_Identi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=abT107k9GAv1e1ifW9UDQwcZkwvk8yLBob0y45aM0YoXK-Ee4Z1Cd47M4~J~tEHKBCqt5lTdK6RwzupbeuQXBatn2UuMnz2~dEt0ssT0PhoEi~4Feri3m6QoEuesrTY8EKj9m~0hD5wZvPgrNE5wnkCRc6Z04eP4ayqIvzru8GcXavv0~i0fdRwaY4uW~RTaz4ECl64dpBweLv8QnkV0TrtSKz-W35I8ttL3wX69cnFNe2mLfVvcNwQfoD2eJ1NQ-1tEQL9t7tm4rMjrI7DF7Ui4dtnmKcrZl1nlm7UWtogsXrg2UJPFrqdqItARgJWNAkM85UWfhbLYgFiyAWDFZw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":17018,"name":"Music and identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_and_identity"},{"id":19357,"name":"Individuation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Individuation"},{"id":29466,"name":"Crítica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cr%C3%ADtica"}],"urls":[{"id":31712768,"url":"http://critica.filosoficas.unam.mx/index.php/critica/article/download/173/166"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="96527109"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/96527109/International_conference_on_Ontology_The_problem_of_universals_in_contemporary_philosophy_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of International conference on Ontology The problem of universals in contemporary philosophy∗" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98401661/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/96527109/International_conference_on_Ontology_The_problem_of_universals_in_contemporary_philosophy_">International conference on Ontology The problem of universals in contemporary philosophy∗</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The three-day conference opened in the afternoon of July, 5 and, after taking a quick look at the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The three-day conference opened in the afternoon of July, 5 and, after taking a quick look at the programme and the names of the important thinkers standing out on it, one could have expected to find a crowded audience room. Actually that was not quite the case. What I could afford to follow and am going to write about here is only the first day of the conference. The debate started right on time, after a short introduction given by Gabriele Galluzzo, both organizer of the conference and member of the scientific board. I would ac-tually like to underline the word debate: each speech (about 40 minutes) was immediately followed by a short discussion of the issues introduced by the proponent. Unfortunately, de-spite of the accurate and punctual speeches, the little time dedicated to each is what most penalized the conference, in my opinion: this inevitably obliged both the speakers and the audience to be plunged in medias res, without standing too much on ceremonies. I take this to be ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="43a9f6b41fed0bbd2471c48df340e436" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":98401661,"asset_id":96527109,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98401661/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="96527109"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="96527109"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 96527109; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=96527109]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=96527109]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 96527109; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='96527109']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 96527109, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "43a9f6b41fed0bbd2471c48df340e436" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=96527109]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":96527109,"title":"International conference on Ontology The problem of universals in contemporary philosophy∗","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The three-day conference opened in the afternoon of July, 5 and, after taking a quick look at the programme and the names of the important thinkers standing out on it, one could have expected to find a crowded audience room. Actually that was not quite the case. What I could afford to follow and am going to write about here is only the first day of the conference. The debate started right on time, after a short introduction given by Gabriele Galluzzo, both organizer of the conference and member of the scientific board. I would ac-tually like to underline the word debate: each speech (about 40 minutes) was immediately followed by a short discussion of the issues introduced by the proponent. Unfortunately, de-spite of the accurate and punctual speeches, the little time dedicated to each is what most penalized the conference, in my opinion: this inevitably obliged both the speakers and the audience to be plunged in medias res, without standing too much on ceremonies. I take this to be ...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2010,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The three-day conference opened in the afternoon of July, 5 and, after taking a quick look at the programme and the names of the important thinkers standing out on it, one could have expected to find a crowded audience room. Actually that was not quite the case. What I could afford to follow and am going to write about here is only the first day of the conference. The debate started right on time, after a short introduction given by Gabriele Galluzzo, both organizer of the conference and member of the scientific board. I would ac-tually like to underline the word debate: each speech (about 40 minutes) was immediately followed by a short discussion of the issues introduced by the proponent. Unfortunately, de-spite of the accurate and punctual speeches, the little time dedicated to each is what most penalized the conference, in my opinion: this inevitably obliged both the speakers and the audience to be plunged in medias res, without standing too much on ceremonies. I take this to be ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96527109/International_conference_on_Ontology_The_problem_of_universals_in_contemporary_philosophy_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-02-08T02:36:53.808-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":98401661,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98401661/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1697.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98401661/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"International_conference_on_Ontology_The.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/98401661/1697-libre.pdf?1675868730=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInternational_conference_on_Ontology_The.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=ZrfCU7oLz~nrgEB1tWUfgXxiWfPu4me~cPni38ln6XIl2TvcaJQdaVHNfNcnNDyCWhB~k41MUCyE78uG1N4SD5BQsR1ClfwD2AT6Bs0yli~RrPcdY9jurHaNl2SlAig-8VP5bHif4An6x7QcjDMk1qN2~Y4JispWJvNwi4XkJJFmE6fsZmc-0w9bAGGXcqf5SWrW89ltxOfsVul~pnitvNMs9hUwr5dKyrdQvlOetBrUwc7nYn7S728MVrwkfl6Oa4RsJUKtFjQbq9ycPG8acsm-jHgQEHBSDM27pqadUf0KzS2iSQpOCDJpBVGk3HH~5qEkH-lf73yJp3UaDWigzg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"International_conference_on_Ontology_The_problem_of_universals_in_contemporary_philosophy_","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[{"id":98401661,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98401661/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1697.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98401661/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"International_conference_on_Ontology_The.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/98401661/1697-libre.pdf?1675868730=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInternational_conference_on_Ontology_The.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=ZrfCU7oLz~nrgEB1tWUfgXxiWfPu4me~cPni38ln6XIl2TvcaJQdaVHNfNcnNDyCWhB~k41MUCyE78uG1N4SD5BQsR1ClfwD2AT6Bs0yli~RrPcdY9jurHaNl2SlAig-8VP5bHif4An6x7QcjDMk1qN2~Y4JispWJvNwi4XkJJFmE6fsZmc-0w9bAGGXcqf5SWrW89ltxOfsVul~pnitvNMs9hUwr5dKyrdQvlOetBrUwc7nYn7S728MVrwkfl6Oa4RsJUKtFjQbq9ycPG8acsm-jHgQEHBSDM27pqadUf0KzS2iSQpOCDJpBVGk3HH~5qEkH-lf73yJp3UaDWigzg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":28796397,"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1022.9164\u0026rep=rep1\u0026type=pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="88496939"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/88496939/What_are_Propositions_Do_We_Have_Attitudes_Toward_Them_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of What are Propositions ? Do We Have ' Attitudes ' Toward Them ?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92460556/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/88496939/What_are_Propositions_Do_We_Have_Attitudes_Toward_Them_">What are Propositions ? Do We Have ' Attitudes ' Toward Them ?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="aa496f061e9e5fc3c44c3928cc39b6b7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":92460556,"asset_id":88496939,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92460556/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="88496939"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="88496939"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 88496939; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=88496939]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=88496939]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 88496939; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='88496939']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 88496939, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "aa496f061e9e5fc3c44c3928cc39b6b7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=88496939]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":88496939,"title":"What are Propositions ? Do We Have ' Attitudes ' Toward Them ?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Propositions are thought to differ from sentences in the following ways: (1) Propositions are declarative sentences that in context, present the 'content' of S's thought. (2) A proposition is (metaphorically) 'what is said' by a declarative sentence. (3) Different sentences may be used to express the same proposition (relative to context). In other words, different sentences in context can mean 'the same thing' or have 'the same meaning.' (4) Sentences (and descriptive propositions) are true or false in context. From my perspective, all four of these intuitions are satisfactory. In addition to these, it is also thought that a proposition is (6) essentially true or false, and (7) that persons have attitudes towards propositions as the 'object' of a propositional 'attitude.' In this essay I argue that both of these metaphysical intuitions are false. I argue that (1) speakers can assert propositions that are 'truth' or 'non-truth' apt and (2) that persons don't really have a psychological-mental 'attitude' relationship to propositions. A series of twenty case studies about plausible linguistic intuitions, is primary evidence for a conceptual analysis.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"grobid_abstract_attachment_id":92460556},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/88496939/What_are_Propositions_Do_We_Have_Attitudes_Toward_Them_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-10-14T22:15:09.088-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":92460556,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92460556/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Proposition1019.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92460556/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"What_are_Propositions_Do_We_Have_Attitud.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/92460556/Proposition1019-libre.pdf?1665817995=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhat_are_Propositions_Do_We_Have_Attitud.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=Os7yUY4yOimqJ0K7q~o3Dt5-OpcBUEw~YbHfyXX-n3uR2Zt-hiK33c2RQRBS3ge15~IUPywIPIMcMNq8hbsD5U9x3hkn4WjX~3zzvMqlJ4Wdm7wj-E73BXrjZnWWYQv4H4yQplKEJX9ByhQ9nx3c6zw0~lSsCunBgQjkPjgAz34PFsBB~1JU9JB5SIJthpisfNO8wjNW~LiDXd1zyn~50uxC2nKZYnfpHSpR~sgaxnV1pcuaAaKZo5uhICbVrrcwCNGXotv8L6k7rReGqlsB3nQtjGKqyM-nV98zAe0Q0~ZzgY94MYrWI4-knnb9V11xQytXRT5gWyAnmsjPFzn~Nw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"What_are_Propositions_Do_We_Have_Attitudes_Toward_Them_","translated_slug":"","page_count":21,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[{"id":92460556,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92460556/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Proposition1019.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92460556/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"What_are_Propositions_Do_We_Have_Attitud.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/92460556/Proposition1019-libre.pdf?1665817995=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhat_are_Propositions_Do_We_Have_Attitud.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=Os7yUY4yOimqJ0K7q~o3Dt5-OpcBUEw~YbHfyXX-n3uR2Zt-hiK33c2RQRBS3ge15~IUPywIPIMcMNq8hbsD5U9x3hkn4WjX~3zzvMqlJ4Wdm7wj-E73BXrjZnWWYQv4H4yQplKEJX9ByhQ9nx3c6zw0~lSsCunBgQjkPjgAz34PFsBB~1JU9JB5SIJthpisfNO8wjNW~LiDXd1zyn~50uxC2nKZYnfpHSpR~sgaxnV1pcuaAaKZo5uhICbVrrcwCNGXotv8L6k7rReGqlsB3nQtjGKqyM-nV98zAe0Q0~ZzgY94MYrWI4-knnb9V11xQytXRT5gWyAnmsjPFzn~Nw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":92460557,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92460557/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Proposition1019.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92460557/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"What_are_Propositions_Do_We_Have_Attitud.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/92460557/Proposition1019-libre.pdf?1665817992=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhat_are_Propositions_Do_We_Have_Attitud.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=BjgK7vaqWdsV0MHYeoCr-Er2fd-~xp4ZutMOAktdzYRmd31Pbr3fYg0mgbeMuhz-xa~ebp9WsOWmxkB5O~hOinv3RTbGfkFV6D2rEZNqeLK2Hh8zLOZSVeAX2cjIYbdjS2znyrzecgn2OpT8LkGIyIi4PyWUV3STgjnUC~pDlsF8PzGwd~0vCxHhFlUjzLV2bULNjXsJPFB8AuyZAG~wYhIAolnSQ3R8opj4iwJCFXWW14md2QqQWYUPW78bISm1Zgeqas8YdeBdVUxORRLlylbLicjiIVnCYIue7gYbpWltiGgPb-cwqsAChs50nEjDnhOuIR2EZ3w93Msir9X~FQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":24776459,"url":"http://www.knowledgedefinition.com/Proposition1019.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83344232"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83344232/Substance_Nature_and_Immanence_Form_in_Aristotle_s_Constituent_Ontology"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Substance, Nature, and Immanence – Form in Aristotle´s Constituent Ontology" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88719647/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83344232/Substance_Nature_and_Immanence_Form_in_Aristotle_s_Constituent_Ontology">Substance, Nature, and Immanence – Form in Aristotle´s Constituent Ontology</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Substance and Attribute</span><span>, 2007</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a52ca077c3213dbf58a39657e74a8b2b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88719647,"asset_id":83344232,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88719647/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83344232"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83344232"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83344232; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83344232]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83344232]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83344232; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83344232']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 83344232, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a52ca077c3213dbf58a39657e74a8b2b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83344232]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83344232,"title":"Substance, Nature, and Immanence – Form in Aristotle´s Constituent Ontology","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"De Gruyter","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2007,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Substance and Attribute"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83344232/Substance_Nature_and_Immanence_Form_in_Aristotle_s_Constituent_Ontology","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-07-18T03:09:35.206-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":88719647,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88719647/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88719647/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Substance_Nature_and_Immanence_Form_in_A.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88719647/pdf-libre.pdf?1658139956=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSubstance_Nature_and_Immanence_Form_in_A.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=RaSPiIANIEqa9DTDuw6amqIFEPZibTPRrOxy~h3pvEOcrDGH69f6JUQpRwTin6VpBVA92Yo4HwHsLbWVAo35LQlOrZtR1~0FxB5mfHymspT2f6SQmNEtcJmlKGMNLBmQ3sTjInC3ZiPClP-bYbK0FLluwGYbgbhQsu3CAZgnItrd84TJJuPoQEyHyePdIB9y2V2VOOjIerb8HAdIJbxVYoVFNdH3EWFXeBvdYvsg3WyjEyISZy03ptr9XJvfEyAxuYJppwCHoUffV4UBtIvFVYNMkAtk0NtJCA0zSqI0wRtqOXZ1Xqv50OLtsJkYlEEiZQbB7DoF~ekqUgvqUAVTGg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Substance_Nature_and_Immanence_Form_in_Aristotle_s_Constituent_Ontology","translated_slug":"","page_count":18,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[{"id":88719647,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88719647/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88719647/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Substance_Nature_and_Immanence_Form_in_A.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88719647/pdf-libre.pdf?1658139956=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSubstance_Nature_and_Immanence_Form_in_A.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=RaSPiIANIEqa9DTDuw6amqIFEPZibTPRrOxy~h3pvEOcrDGH69f6JUQpRwTin6VpBVA92Yo4HwHsLbWVAo35LQlOrZtR1~0FxB5mfHymspT2f6SQmNEtcJmlKGMNLBmQ3sTjInC3ZiPClP-bYbK0FLluwGYbgbhQsu3CAZgnItrd84TJJuPoQEyHyePdIB9y2V2VOOjIerb8HAdIJbxVYoVFNdH3EWFXeBvdYvsg3WyjEyISZy03ptr9XJvfEyAxuYJppwCHoUffV4UBtIvFVYNMkAtk0NtJCA0zSqI0wRtqOXZ1Xqv50OLtsJkYlEEiZQbB7DoF~ekqUgvqUAVTGg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":805,"name":"Ontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ontology"},{"id":815,"name":"Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology"},{"id":94532,"name":"Immanence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immanence"}],"urls":[{"id":22262111,"url":"https://www.degruyter.com/view/book/9783110328974/10.1515/9783110328974.145.xml"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="77918189"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/77918189/Primary_Ousia_An_Essay_on_Aristotles_Metaphysics_Z_and_H"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Primary Ousia: An Essay on Aristotle's Metaphysics Z and H" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/77918189/Primary_Ousia_An_Essay_on_Aristotles_Metaphysics_Z_and_H">Primary Ousia: An Essay on Aristotle's Metaphysics Z and H</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Classical World</span><span>, 1993</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">... Page 3. ... Primary Ousia An Essay on Aristotle&amp;amp;#x27;s Metaphysics Z and H MICHAEL J....</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... Page 3. ... Primary Ousia An Essay on Aristotle&amp;amp;#x27;s Metaphysics Z and H MICHAEL J. LOUX Cornell University Press ITHACA AND LONDON ... Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="77918189"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="77918189"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77918189; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77918189]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77918189]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77918189; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='77918189']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77918189, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=77918189]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":77918189,"title":"Primary Ousia: An Essay on Aristotle's Metaphysics Z and H","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"... Page 3. ... Primary Ousia An Essay on Aristotle\u0026amp;amp;#x27;s Metaphysics Z and H MICHAEL J. LOUX Cornell University Press ITHACA AND LONDON ... Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the ...","publisher":"JSTOR","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1993,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Classical World"},"translated_abstract":"... Page 3. ... Primary Ousia An Essay on Aristotle\u0026amp;amp;#x27;s Metaphysics Z and H MICHAEL J. LOUX Cornell University Press ITHACA AND LONDON ... Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77918189/Primary_Ousia_An_Essay_on_Aristotles_Metaphysics_Z_and_H","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-28T22:08:03.594-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Primary_Ousia_An_Essay_on_Aristotles_Metaphysics_Z_and_H","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":91452,"name":"Anthropology of the Classical World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_the_Classical_World"},{"id":93755,"name":"History and archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_archaeology"},{"id":177125,"name":"Language Culture and Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Culture_and_Communication"},{"id":257864,"name":"Classical World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_World"},{"id":421935,"name":"Philosophical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical"},{"id":962015,"name":"The Philosophical Quarterly","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Philosophical_Quarterly"},{"id":2000344,"name":"Metaphysics of the Unity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_the_Unity"},{"id":3527880,"name":"Jstor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jstor"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="71991277"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/71991277/Reductive_theories_of_modality"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Reductive theories of modality" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/81105013/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/71991277/Reductive_theories_of_modality">Reductive theories of modality</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Oxford handbook of metaphysics</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="46d2fdded141f473aa1dc625259ef7fd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":81105013,"asset_id":71991277,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81105013/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="71991277"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71991277"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71991277; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71991277]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71991277]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71991277; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='71991277']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71991277, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "46d2fdded141f473aa1dc625259ef7fd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=71991277]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":71991277,"title":"Reductive theories of modality","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"for helpful comments. 1 See Kim (, part I), and Lewis (a,-). 2 See Kratzer (). 8 This survey of reductive strategies is incomplete in at least two ways: it concentrates exclusively on recent theories, and it ignores the quasi-epistemic theory of modality currently being developed by David Chalmers. 9 These are characterizations of metaphysical possibility and necessity. Narrower sorts of possibility and necessity may be characterized by restricting the quanti er over possible worlds in various ways. For example, a proposition is nomically possible iff it is true in some possible world that obeys the laws of the actual world.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2003,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Oxford handbook of metaphysics","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":81105013},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71991277/Reductive_theories_of_modality","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-02-20T11:34:13.422-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81105013,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/81105013/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"reductive_theories_of_modality.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81105013/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Reductive_theories_of_modality.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/81105013/reductive_theories_of_modality-libre.pdf?1645394300=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReductive_theories_of_modality.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464674\u0026Signature=g7kuo3Hg~xXlUPLoVv8AkUur186sImfxJoj6SmQiAjWJ6VzzbdMIzW8mHXkyYW~2h8BrbHhW5X2fV6vAnKFFUsSgi1xIVIUzWUBvU1HvGttnAb0127usAYTi4qsAaUrPcclGnNaMMhqtZnXMfoi9zuWfDhnp8AX5N-vhcenCILmoTbgWv9gzO18~R8pgwKCtiB05C7An-plsCXT2Z4G3dIZtatSr48OK22EP9vvNBJx72Vx3yC4ah-EmCxkqA4L1wVXTXoSDzjtDtFEsjDxc~UDqfZtEtldWNbIIrtTMKZjGr8YyQ2pKlgnwufFkhVDxsO1khf6xLOgSCEERdFSkBA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Reductive_theories_of_modality","translated_slug":"","page_count":36,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[{"id":81105013,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/81105013/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"reductive_theories_of_modality.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81105013/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Reductive_theories_of_modality.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/81105013/reductive_theories_of_modality-libre.pdf?1645394300=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReductive_theories_of_modality.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464674\u0026Signature=g7kuo3Hg~xXlUPLoVv8AkUur186sImfxJoj6SmQiAjWJ6VzzbdMIzW8mHXkyYW~2h8BrbHhW5X2fV6vAnKFFUsSgi1xIVIUzWUBvU1HvGttnAb0127usAYTi4qsAaUrPcclGnNaMMhqtZnXMfoi9zuWfDhnp8AX5N-vhcenCILmoTbgWv9gzO18~R8pgwKCtiB05C7An-plsCXT2Z4G3dIZtatSr48OK22EP9vvNBJx72Vx3yC4ah-EmCxkqA4L1wVXTXoSDzjtDtFEsjDxc~UDqfZtEtldWNbIIrtTMKZjGr8YyQ2pKlgnwufFkhVDxsO1khf6xLOgSCEERdFSkBA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="65531800"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/65531800/Two_Theories_of_Substance"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Two Theories of Substance" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/77085886/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/65531800/Two_Theories_of_Substance">Two Theories of Substance</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Substance and Attribute</span><span>, 1978</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="513c615d38b9ffbf2baa5caef5163b94" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":77085886,"asset_id":65531800,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77085886/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="65531800"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="65531800"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65531800; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65531800]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65531800]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65531800; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='65531800']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65531800, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "513c615d38b9ffbf2baa5caef5163b94" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=65531800]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":65531800,"title":"Two Theories of Substance","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Springer Netherlands","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1978,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Substance and Attribute"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/65531800/Two_Theories_of_Substance","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-12-22T09:18:33.849-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77085886,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/77085886/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"978-94-009-9874-2_6.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77085886/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Two_Theories_of_Substance.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/77085886/978-94-009-9874-2_6-libre.pdf?1640294573=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTwo_Theories_of_Substance.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464674\u0026Signature=NcedBH5RjdFEhC7Mdide3FukRmIPefqcI1-nij4HBIGVfE3IKHh3CVwIoqQ8UUnnzKps1Erp-PaH1mx5mPON3nVSntdwYSMPNu7SoF8dhFQk99~VfzPF43qJ~O651tbHGE7Xgj3AeQhvVIfnpFVB3RD2oErc9dTzdagQEmsmEZ03qR19kjDwcQbKY2L1yaTOO6RMfFVf6UgzjGu2N6r8alYFN69l~yZNTJIIdK72mwMfQYX6ZFMbFdJ-W4xTFqV7mEtyDIRk27I4E3JqBM4idny~De2IocYNisyFeFOVUAyanMqNegdXylpMAI3IBpD2yU1huGGWnarZ0hh137ZCrg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Two_Theories_of_Substance","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[{"id":77085886,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/77085886/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"978-94-009-9874-2_6.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77085886/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Two_Theories_of_Substance.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/77085886/978-94-009-9874-2_6-libre.pdf?1640294573=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTwo_Theories_of_Substance.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464674\u0026Signature=NcedBH5RjdFEhC7Mdide3FukRmIPefqcI1-nij4HBIGVfE3IKHh3CVwIoqQ8UUnnzKps1Erp-PaH1mx5mPON3nVSntdwYSMPNu7SoF8dhFQk99~VfzPF43qJ~O651tbHGE7Xgj3AeQhvVIfnpFVB3RD2oErc9dTzdagQEmsmEZ03qR19kjDwcQbKY2L1yaTOO6RMfFVf6UgzjGu2N6r8alYFN69l~yZNTJIIdK72mwMfQYX6ZFMbFdJ-W4xTFqV7mEtyDIRk27I4E3JqBM4idny~De2IocYNisyFeFOVUAyanMqNegdXylpMAI3IBpD2yU1huGGWnarZ0hh137ZCrg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":77085887,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/77085887/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"978-94-009-9874-2_6.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77085887/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Two_Theories_of_Substance.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/77085887/978-94-009-9874-2_6-libre.pdf?1640294573=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTwo_Theories_of_Substance.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464674\u0026Signature=TK3XTsKLh6zY1~l80BPwp4qtjTePBcnEzKWwZPa-PAVeIaPDfeWgPLvhC34FxhGLw356EsU~l8dV41ZmlJ8zHInhoT-O5SMwcCyOu3FSjKslWKtkc33DYjb0Oq7ECoTFigj6W1XBTKIzlklY4Q~9eH67uRrEiMRxopl2F3VFC81IMTEV73BTqxdlzjfWVGvPNr1Ij-x77Of~BY5IZz5BcC-H6svogOFtOkiwvBU6X99XTBCt~~OBfJPVIiiajFcyGMgk1-zUHwD-gpuJ1JydmjTwcEqx-AiU-gbSHASZp1rCPYyaWWz4Xyrpx8RE8MIxicPX1rNuZlLLloknSnUpHQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"}],"urls":[{"id":15542342,"url":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-94-009-9874-2_6.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="60402655"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/60402655/The_Oxford_handbook_of_metaphysics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Oxford handbook of metaphysics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/73865275/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/60402655/The_Oxford_handbook_of_metaphysics">The Oxford handbook of metaphysics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a1bf38c3f7db46b52564d71475ca5057" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":73865275,"asset_id":60402655,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73865275/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="60402655"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="60402655"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60402655; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60402655]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60402655]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60402655; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='60402655']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60402655, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a1bf38c3f7db46b52564d71475ca5057" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=60402655]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":60402655,"title":"The Oxford handbook of metaphysics","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Oxford University Press, USA","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2005,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/60402655/The_Oxford_handbook_of_metaphysics","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-10-30T03:09:23.160-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73865275,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/73865275/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"LOUTOH.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73865275/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Oxford_handbook_of_metaphysics.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/73865275/LOUTOH-libre.pdf?1635589847=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Oxford_handbook_of_metaphysics.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464674\u0026Signature=XEe7zZGDGYqWvRxJtA7WVKP9yhOaBcVf7HUSb-Y4HVYmmWjUsW9OD2p4K5kBA~lmvok4pEqrJsb7eYHzN8klwgYlG7vTSCbVP~pOhe4QAAYh4boKRT-jacPklj~fc4AyjfIHwAU6QY~10q05QyjWJw5tXSUa1nMug7KQ3rjW5gWcLDAaqBci9opsynTgTTLno1Ps1x9VX~Qu6pVDfwZM7VJFXQiugDoyrx-1~1s~u75h1rdZPLOhX8o97qCmKOQWF3WwpYLd7BalyuXrgBEU8w8WXqW2UCFyJIfr4fVyj5B3T7qmqe1z-oX6M5PhwO7CednLyUkCzLywJIFObuHG9w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Oxford_handbook_of_metaphysics","translated_slug":"","page_count":15,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[{"id":73865275,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/73865275/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"LOUTOH.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73865275/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Oxford_handbook_of_metaphysics.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/73865275/LOUTOH-libre.pdf?1635589847=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Oxford_handbook_of_metaphysics.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464674\u0026Signature=XEe7zZGDGYqWvRxJtA7WVKP9yhOaBcVf7HUSb-Y4HVYmmWjUsW9OD2p4K5kBA~lmvok4pEqrJsb7eYHzN8klwgYlG7vTSCbVP~pOhe4QAAYh4boKRT-jacPklj~fc4AyjfIHwAU6QY~10q05QyjWJw5tXSUa1nMug7KQ3rjW5gWcLDAaqBci9opsynTgTTLno1Ps1x9VX~Qu6pVDfwZM7VJFXQiugDoyrx-1~1s~u75h1rdZPLOhX8o97qCmKOQWF3WwpYLd7BalyuXrgBEU8w8WXqW2UCFyJIfr4fVyj5B3T7qmqe1z-oX6M5PhwO7CednLyUkCzLywJIFObuHG9w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="59472592"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/59472592/A_Scotistic_Proof_for_the_Existence_of_a_First_Cause"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Scotistic Proof for the Existence of a First Cause" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/59472592/A_Scotistic_Proof_for_the_Existence_of_a_First_Cause">A Scotistic Proof for the Existence of a First Cause</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Noûs</span><span>, 1983</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="59472592"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="59472592"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59472592; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59472592]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59472592]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59472592; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='59472592']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59472592, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=59472592]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":59472592,"title":"A Scotistic Proof for the Existence of a First Cause","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1983,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Noûs"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59472592/A_Scotistic_Proof_for_the_Existence_of_a_First_Cause","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-10-22T02:59:15.058-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"A_Scotistic_Proof_for_the_Existence_of_a_First_Cause","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":2696660,"name":"Noûs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/No%C3%BBs"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="57751507"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/57751507/Ockhams_Theory_of_Terms_Part_1_of_the_Summa_Logicae"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ockham's Theory of Terms: Part 1 of the Summa Logicae" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/57751507/Ockhams_Theory_of_Terms_Part_1_of_the_Summa_Logicae">Ockham's Theory of Terms: Part 1 of the Summa Logicae</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Noûs</span><span>, 1978</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="57751507"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="57751507"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57751507; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57751507]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57751507]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57751507; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='57751507']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 57751507, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=57751507]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":57751507,"title":"Ockham's Theory of Terms: Part 1 of the Summa Logicae","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1978,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Noûs"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57751507/Ockhams_Theory_of_Terms_Part_1_of_the_Summa_Logicae","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-10-14T02:46:20.321-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Ockhams_Theory_of_Terms_Part_1_of_the_Summa_Logicae","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":2696660,"name":"Noûs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/No%C3%BBs"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="55990058"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/55990058/Quine_on_the_inscrutability_and_relativity_of_reference"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Quine on the inscrutability and relativity of reference" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/71596447/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/55990058/Quine_on_the_inscrutability_and_relativity_of_reference">Quine on the inscrutability and relativity of reference</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic</span><span>, 1974</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="dd0f02464775bb215204a7419849261f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":71596447,"asset_id":55990058,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71596447/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="55990058"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="55990058"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55990058; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=55990058]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=55990058]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55990058; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='55990058']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55990058, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "dd0f02464775bb215204a7419849261f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=55990058]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":55990058,"title":"Quine on the inscrutability and relativity of reference","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Duke University Press","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1974,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/55990058/Quine_on_the_inscrutability_and_relativity_of_reference","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-10-06T08:58:36.188-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71596447,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/71596447/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1093891195.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71596447/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Quine_on_the_inscrutability_and_relativi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/71596447/1093891195-libre.pdf?1633540819=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DQuine_on_the_inscrutability_and_relativi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464674\u0026Signature=J-pzMrHJAkX9egrmjxBpjwDBbsuB0bVXqlThLX-7l1gv4kQwxzjWc2ZRANUdJXN2xi4NO8fnLUPiu4p5imhmaukhg~fGbSANI7NAl2HhJ2Q1tHu1gQ0QDYej-YdOdKS65Tjy26KqTYLB-y7yvZLGaBAu3dTS3xr9~ZJJPGofFNSBCfKrMf58~97Lt0XDX4JvZEJEtmuZYnjTsyCJsMT1rJKaW8nCi3FCq0j91qqGHrL7Fsj9dYixAQ~kSBIMkGaIZWidhTZF-GQiQoLFoHfMjorhJ7tBV8Y1BX32sIsQ8cCOT~foRns6ujcp8P2s6vkerPbnj41QTjzfm9qLH9ODnQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Quine_on_the_inscrutability_and_relativity_of_reference","translated_slug":"","page_count":9,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[{"id":71596447,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/71596447/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1093891195.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71596447/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Quine_on_the_inscrutability_and_relativi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/71596447/1093891195-libre.pdf?1633540819=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DQuine_on_the_inscrutability_and_relativi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464674\u0026Signature=J-pzMrHJAkX9egrmjxBpjwDBbsuB0bVXqlThLX-7l1gv4kQwxzjWc2ZRANUdJXN2xi4NO8fnLUPiu4p5imhmaukhg~fGbSANI7NAl2HhJ2Q1tHu1gQ0QDYej-YdOdKS65Tjy26KqTYLB-y7yvZLGaBAu3dTS3xr9~ZJJPGofFNSBCfKrMf58~97Lt0XDX4JvZEJEtmuZYnjTsyCJsMT1rJKaW8nCi3FCq0j91qqGHrL7Fsj9dYixAQ~kSBIMkGaIZWidhTZF-GQiQoLFoHfMjorhJ7tBV8Y1BX32sIsQ8cCOT~foRns6ujcp8P2s6vkerPbnj41QTjzfm9qLH9ODnQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":19997,"name":"Pure Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pure_Mathematics"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="20654595"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/20654595/APA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of APA Symposium Aristotle on Substance and Predication" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42841257/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/20654595/APA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication">APA Symposium Aristotle on Substance and Predication</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://brown.academia.edu/MaryLouiseGill">Mary Louise Gill</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux">Michael Loux</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Ancient Philosophy</span><span>, 1995</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9c70d040207bbd24452ed452d918af11" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":42841257,"asset_id":20654595,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42841257/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="20654595"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20654595"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20654595; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20654595]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20654595]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20654595; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='20654595']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20654595, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9c70d040207bbd24452ed452d918af11" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=20654595]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":20654595,"title":"APA Symposium Aristotle on Substance and Predication","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1995,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Ancient Philosophy"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20654595/APA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-01-23T12:31:06.438-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8323862,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":13514379,"work_id":20654595,"tagging_user_id":8323862,"tagged_user_id":42226528,"co_author_invite_id":3161978,"email":"l***1@nd.edu","display_order":1,"name":"Michael Loux","title":"APA Symposium Aristotle on Substance and Predication"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42841257,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42841257/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Gill_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42841257/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"APA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/42841257/Gill_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication-libre.pdf?1455899918=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAPA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464674\u0026Signature=JYt0JGINypWHIG5jSgmXwX7l-ZA2eHk-gTW1Mmn~MB1M-sWiuMGp-DEeYFTl6dCaUdnk5Rvz2UPHGM3-cMQ1CnRY-p83zQbGTVaYVNNI~MX90eZAwh4PO5wf7DctVcG4RQuq2HW5fdSoGKi2j7CwIUkXQLtGbn8qtaoffJiC14IwL28jAao4Xdnr7tzxbxsa8Lwp7MA98gqhWeRmsk99LqHZi299jXY9zDlq4EzFoWdaOd8gFb31CxdBQZtJsEPh3xKKG-HPnfG69rQsTVQl1jkWM3ZEL5njdILfahObVD0dVYMjg7btE0E6jc9Uhk-AFQGGQj4c2C1OK8D9DSgxBQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"APA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication","translated_slug":"","page_count":11,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":8323862,"first_name":"Mary Louise","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gill","page_name":"MaryLouiseGill","domain_name":"brown","created_at":"2014-01-15T14:01:52.725-08:00","display_name":"Mary Louise Gill","url":"https://brown.academia.edu/MaryLouiseGill"},"attachments":[{"id":42841257,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42841257/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Gill_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42841257/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"APA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/42841257/Gill_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication-libre.pdf?1455899918=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAPA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464674\u0026Signature=JYt0JGINypWHIG5jSgmXwX7l-ZA2eHk-gTW1Mmn~MB1M-sWiuMGp-DEeYFTl6dCaUdnk5Rvz2UPHGM3-cMQ1CnRY-p83zQbGTVaYVNNI~MX90eZAwh4PO5wf7DctVcG4RQuq2HW5fdSoGKi2j7CwIUkXQLtGbn8qtaoffJiC14IwL28jAao4Xdnr7tzxbxsa8Lwp7MA98gqhWeRmsk99LqHZi299jXY9zDlq4EzFoWdaOd8gFb31CxdBQZtJsEPh3xKKG-HPnfG69rQsTVQl1jkWM3ZEL5njdILfahObVD0dVYMjg7btE0E6jc9Uhk-AFQGGQj4c2C1OK8D9DSgxBQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":17178,"name":"Ancient Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Philosophy"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="4488904" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122976381"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122976381/APA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of APA Symposium Aristotle on Substance and Predication" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122976381/APA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication">APA Symposium Aristotle on Substance and Predication</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Ancient Philosophy</span><span>, 1995</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122976381"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122976381"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122976381; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122976381]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122976381]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122976381; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122976381']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 122976381, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122976381]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122976381,"title":"APA Symposium Aristotle on Substance and Predication","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Philosophy Documentation Center","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1995,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Ancient Philosophy"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122976381/APA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-18T03:16:19.967-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"APA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":17178,"name":"Ancient Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Philosophy"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119990305"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/119990305/Aristotle_Metaphysics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Aristotle: Metaphysics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/119990305/Aristotle_Metaphysics">Aristotle: Metaphysics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Shields/The Blackwell</span><span>, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119990305"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119990305"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119990305; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119990305]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119990305]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119990305; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='119990305']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 119990305, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=119990305]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":119990305,"title":"Aristotle: Metaphysics","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2008,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Shields/The Blackwell"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/119990305/Aristotle_Metaphysics","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-05-25T02:49:58.362-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Aristotle_Metaphysics","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113269908"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113269908/Aristotle_on_the_Transcendentals"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Aristotle on the Transcendentals" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113269908/Aristotle_on_the_Transcendentals">Aristotle on the Transcendentals</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Phronesis</span><span>, 1973</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">n this paper, I want to examine two claims found in Aristotle&#39;s Metaphysics: (A) the claim th...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">n this paper, I want to examine two claims found in Aristotle&#39;s Metaphysics: (A) the claim that notions like being and unity do not constitute genera and (B) the claim that such notions are not univocally predicable of all things. I want, in particular, to consider the view (expressed by Porphyry, William of Ockham, and J. L. Ackrill) that (A) entails (B). I shall argue that the alleged entailment cannot hold since while (A) is true, (B) is false.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113269908"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113269908"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113269908; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113269908]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113269908]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113269908; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='113269908']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 113269908, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=113269908]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":113269908,"title":"Aristotle on the Transcendentals","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"n this paper, I want to examine two claims found in Aristotle\u0026#39;s Metaphysics: (A) the claim that notions like being and unity do not constitute genera and (B) the claim that such notions are not univocally predicable of all things. I want, in particular, to consider the view (expressed by Porphyry, William of Ockham, and J. L. Ackrill) that (A) entails (B). I shall argue that the alleged entailment cannot hold since while (A) is true, (B) is false.","publisher":"Brill","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1973,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Phronesis"},"translated_abstract":"n this paper, I want to examine two claims found in Aristotle\u0026#39;s Metaphysics: (A) the claim that notions like being and unity do not constitute genera and (B) the claim that such notions are not univocally predicable of all things. I want, in particular, to consider the view (expressed by Porphyry, William of Ockham, and J. L. Ackrill) that (A) entails (B). I shall argue that the alleged entailment cannot hold since while (A) is true, (B) is false.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113269908/Aristotle_on_the_Transcendentals","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-01-10T02:44:54.582-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Aristotle_on_the_Transcendentals","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":11438,"name":"PHRONESIS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PHRONESIS"},{"id":17178,"name":"Ancient Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Philosophy"}],"urls":[{"id":38416902,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156852873x00168"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="105768466"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/105768466/Philosophy_of_Language"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Philosophy of Language" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105144963/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/105768466/Philosophy_of_Language">Philosophy of Language</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Teaching Philosophy</span><span>, 1975</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="35ca7bcad4a73106f8c09157145e9b07" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105144963,"asset_id":105768466,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105144963/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="105768466"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="105768466"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105768466; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105768466]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105768466]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105768466; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='105768466']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 105768466, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "35ca7bcad4a73106f8c09157145e9b07" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=105768466]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":105768466,"title":"Philosophy of Language","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Philosophy Documentation Center","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1975,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Teaching Philosophy"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105768466/Philosophy_of_Language","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-08-20T02:40:30.587-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":105144963,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105144963/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"d261e107efefd5bfc98f39c5d73b79d03f4d.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105144963/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Philosophy_of_Language.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/105144963/d261e107efefd5bfc98f39c5d73b79d03f4d-libre.pdf?1692524501=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPhilosophy_of_Language.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=Xjse3NWKrB4XAQLIAToXjsbtFld7wBpCbK80jYa9VRMu2kypRyMtOFBS05XAf4yVw5Ij5Ugw4KP1KXo7PnxsaQYkq4JppFxTVIPLewawIryei7FhJrXWCfxE-8F0ulcXSs200VkhLihexnam~4BJzBhU670ss9WVwTZJWWmqvU86Lclv6ttjwkSrurQyrAgWtPrLBKPk4cBGEAiAkPTIJnOOQE6XCTZFxj55rrEX1GkYUksT~Y4~m65elOhDOGHRJkdBJ6V~D~PAoCOoo04o7zsmbWzkibmcCN8AZhYg1NIPuSzJB53DCGDz26zP2lCUy70KMtcCFvy~Hmxo-outnw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Philosophy_of_Language","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[{"id":105144963,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105144963/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"d261e107efefd5bfc98f39c5d73b79d03f4d.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105144963/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Philosophy_of_Language.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/105144963/d261e107efefd5bfc98f39c5d73b79d03f4d-libre.pdf?1692524501=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPhilosophy_of_Language.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=Xjse3NWKrB4XAQLIAToXjsbtFld7wBpCbK80jYa9VRMu2kypRyMtOFBS05XAf4yVw5Ij5Ugw4KP1KXo7PnxsaQYkq4JppFxTVIPLewawIryei7FhJrXWCfxE-8F0ulcXSs200VkhLihexnam~4BJzBhU670ss9WVwTZJWWmqvU86Lclv6ttjwkSrurQyrAgWtPrLBKPk4cBGEAiAkPTIJnOOQE6XCTZFxj55rrEX1GkYUksT~Y4~m65elOhDOGHRJkdBJ6V~D~PAoCOoo04o7zsmbWzkibmcCN8AZhYg1NIPuSzJB53DCGDz26zP2lCUy70KMtcCFvy~Hmxo-outnw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language"},{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy"},{"id":51265,"name":"Philosophie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophie"},{"id":124971,"name":"Education Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems"},{"id":515169,"name":"DDC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DDC"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102292783"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102292783/Comments_on_Individuation_and_Non_Identity_A_Reply_to_H%C3%A9ctor_Neri_Casta%C3%B1eda"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Comments on "Individuation and Non-Identity": A Reply to Héctor-Neri Castañeda" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102599499/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102292783/Comments_on_Individuation_and_Non_Identity_A_Reply_to_H%C3%A9ctor_Neri_Casta%C3%B1eda">Comments on "Individuation and Non-Identity": A Reply to Héctor-Neri Castañeda</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Crítica (México D. F. En línea)</span><span>, 1976</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="905786fc2f72c585deb4f99de698bf08" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102599499,"asset_id":102292783,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102599499/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102292783"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102292783"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102292783; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102292783]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102292783]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102292783; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102292783']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102292783, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "905786fc2f72c585deb4f99de698bf08" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102292783]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102292783,"title":"Comments on \"Individuation and Non-Identity\": A Reply to Héctor-Neri Castañeda","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1976,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Crítica (México D. F. En línea)"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102292783/Comments_on_Individuation_and_Non_Identity_A_Reply_to_H%C3%A9ctor_Neri_Casta%C3%B1eda","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-05-24T07:48:49.497-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":102599499,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102599499/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"166.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102599499/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Comments_on_Individuation_and_Non_Identi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102599499/166-libre.pdf?1684945068=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DComments_on_Individuation_and_Non_Identi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=FZf5JcsnUHMrpuEO4DWxBbI~igEzFOJINS0kgyGSyo1H-qJ7fGA9nb3EW8Nln6kCzGLZVnG1JTuTiBu-D3ydficXWmO4dNN2fnDRhMnTYda9P8xoj3Kvb~dcR9~yg1Sw9Ma14AOz9F7xzZ8ghg1x5o49uSB1lGsMLDJ~Fzi45gaEW10yXDyemsIR9A21iJRSkjSGe7xD3y3pUHwl91zHWb~-dumNqNlRILVWwXCfRXA3I2nK9HZM6X-KMTKFxnnb~9BL9lxmdkxGscJ6933MPneGsAa5ZW~TcqnK3apNxPNRKDC4k2M0DcMHFFoi0LkbqDzVpl7-8nRYnekwmp0MMQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Comments_on_Individuation_and_Non_Identity_A_Reply_to_Héctor_Neri_Castañeda","translated_slug":"","page_count":4,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[{"id":102599499,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102599499/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"166.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102599499/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Comments_on_Individuation_and_Non_Identi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102599499/166-libre.pdf?1684945068=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DComments_on_Individuation_and_Non_Identi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=FZf5JcsnUHMrpuEO4DWxBbI~igEzFOJINS0kgyGSyo1H-qJ7fGA9nb3EW8Nln6kCzGLZVnG1JTuTiBu-D3ydficXWmO4dNN2fnDRhMnTYda9P8xoj3Kvb~dcR9~yg1Sw9Ma14AOz9F7xzZ8ghg1x5o49uSB1lGsMLDJ~Fzi45gaEW10yXDyemsIR9A21iJRSkjSGe7xD3y3pUHwl91zHWb~-dumNqNlRILVWwXCfRXA3I2nK9HZM6X-KMTKFxnnb~9BL9lxmdkxGscJ6933MPneGsAa5ZW~TcqnK3apNxPNRKDC4k2M0DcMHFFoi0LkbqDzVpl7-8nRYnekwmp0MMQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":102599498,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102599498/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"166.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102599498/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Comments_on_Individuation_and_Non_Identi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/102599498/166-libre.pdf?1684945069=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DComments_on_Individuation_and_Non_Identi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=abT107k9GAv1e1ifW9UDQwcZkwvk8yLBob0y45aM0YoXK-Ee4Z1Cd47M4~J~tEHKBCqt5lTdK6RwzupbeuQXBatn2UuMnz2~dEt0ssT0PhoEi~4Feri3m6QoEuesrTY8EKj9m~0hD5wZvPgrNE5wnkCRc6Z04eP4ayqIvzru8GcXavv0~i0fdRwaY4uW~RTaz4ECl64dpBweLv8QnkV0TrtSKz-W35I8ttL3wX69cnFNe2mLfVvcNwQfoD2eJ1NQ-1tEQL9t7tm4rMjrI7DF7Ui4dtnmKcrZl1nlm7UWtogsXrg2UJPFrqdqItARgJWNAkM85UWfhbLYgFiyAWDFZw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":17018,"name":"Music and identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_and_identity"},{"id":19357,"name":"Individuation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Individuation"},{"id":29466,"name":"Crítica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cr%C3%ADtica"}],"urls":[{"id":31712768,"url":"http://critica.filosoficas.unam.mx/index.php/critica/article/download/173/166"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="96527109"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/96527109/International_conference_on_Ontology_The_problem_of_universals_in_contemporary_philosophy_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of International conference on Ontology The problem of universals in contemporary philosophy∗" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98401661/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/96527109/International_conference_on_Ontology_The_problem_of_universals_in_contemporary_philosophy_">International conference on Ontology The problem of universals in contemporary philosophy∗</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The three-day conference opened in the afternoon of July, 5 and, after taking a quick look at the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The three-day conference opened in the afternoon of July, 5 and, after taking a quick look at the programme and the names of the important thinkers standing out on it, one could have expected to find a crowded audience room. Actually that was not quite the case. What I could afford to follow and am going to write about here is only the first day of the conference. The debate started right on time, after a short introduction given by Gabriele Galluzzo, both organizer of the conference and member of the scientific board. I would ac-tually like to underline the word debate: each speech (about 40 minutes) was immediately followed by a short discussion of the issues introduced by the proponent. Unfortunately, de-spite of the accurate and punctual speeches, the little time dedicated to each is what most penalized the conference, in my opinion: this inevitably obliged both the speakers and the audience to be plunged in medias res, without standing too much on ceremonies. I take this to be ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="43a9f6b41fed0bbd2471c48df340e436" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":98401661,"asset_id":96527109,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98401661/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="96527109"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="96527109"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 96527109; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=96527109]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=96527109]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 96527109; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='96527109']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 96527109, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "43a9f6b41fed0bbd2471c48df340e436" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=96527109]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":96527109,"title":"International conference on Ontology The problem of universals in contemporary philosophy∗","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The three-day conference opened in the afternoon of July, 5 and, after taking a quick look at the programme and the names of the important thinkers standing out on it, one could have expected to find a crowded audience room. Actually that was not quite the case. What I could afford to follow and am going to write about here is only the first day of the conference. The debate started right on time, after a short introduction given by Gabriele Galluzzo, both organizer of the conference and member of the scientific board. I would ac-tually like to underline the word debate: each speech (about 40 minutes) was immediately followed by a short discussion of the issues introduced by the proponent. Unfortunately, de-spite of the accurate and punctual speeches, the little time dedicated to each is what most penalized the conference, in my opinion: this inevitably obliged both the speakers and the audience to be plunged in medias res, without standing too much on ceremonies. I take this to be ...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2010,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The three-day conference opened in the afternoon of July, 5 and, after taking a quick look at the programme and the names of the important thinkers standing out on it, one could have expected to find a crowded audience room. Actually that was not quite the case. What I could afford to follow and am going to write about here is only the first day of the conference. The debate started right on time, after a short introduction given by Gabriele Galluzzo, both organizer of the conference and member of the scientific board. I would ac-tually like to underline the word debate: each speech (about 40 minutes) was immediately followed by a short discussion of the issues introduced by the proponent. Unfortunately, de-spite of the accurate and punctual speeches, the little time dedicated to each is what most penalized the conference, in my opinion: this inevitably obliged both the speakers and the audience to be plunged in medias res, without standing too much on ceremonies. I take this to be ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96527109/International_conference_on_Ontology_The_problem_of_universals_in_contemporary_philosophy_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-02-08T02:36:53.808-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":98401661,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98401661/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1697.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98401661/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"International_conference_on_Ontology_The.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/98401661/1697-libre.pdf?1675868730=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInternational_conference_on_Ontology_The.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=ZrfCU7oLz~nrgEB1tWUfgXxiWfPu4me~cPni38ln6XIl2TvcaJQdaVHNfNcnNDyCWhB~k41MUCyE78uG1N4SD5BQsR1ClfwD2AT6Bs0yli~RrPcdY9jurHaNl2SlAig-8VP5bHif4An6x7QcjDMk1qN2~Y4JispWJvNwi4XkJJFmE6fsZmc-0w9bAGGXcqf5SWrW89ltxOfsVul~pnitvNMs9hUwr5dKyrdQvlOetBrUwc7nYn7S728MVrwkfl6Oa4RsJUKtFjQbq9ycPG8acsm-jHgQEHBSDM27pqadUf0KzS2iSQpOCDJpBVGk3HH~5qEkH-lf73yJp3UaDWigzg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"International_conference_on_Ontology_The_problem_of_universals_in_contemporary_philosophy_","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[{"id":98401661,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/98401661/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1697.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98401661/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"International_conference_on_Ontology_The.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/98401661/1697-libre.pdf?1675868730=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInternational_conference_on_Ontology_The.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=ZrfCU7oLz~nrgEB1tWUfgXxiWfPu4me~cPni38ln6XIl2TvcaJQdaVHNfNcnNDyCWhB~k41MUCyE78uG1N4SD5BQsR1ClfwD2AT6Bs0yli~RrPcdY9jurHaNl2SlAig-8VP5bHif4An6x7QcjDMk1qN2~Y4JispWJvNwi4XkJJFmE6fsZmc-0w9bAGGXcqf5SWrW89ltxOfsVul~pnitvNMs9hUwr5dKyrdQvlOetBrUwc7nYn7S728MVrwkfl6Oa4RsJUKtFjQbq9ycPG8acsm-jHgQEHBSDM27pqadUf0KzS2iSQpOCDJpBVGk3HH~5qEkH-lf73yJp3UaDWigzg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":28796397,"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1022.9164\u0026rep=rep1\u0026type=pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="88496939"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/88496939/What_are_Propositions_Do_We_Have_Attitudes_Toward_Them_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of What are Propositions ? Do We Have ' Attitudes ' Toward Them ?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92460556/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/88496939/What_are_Propositions_Do_We_Have_Attitudes_Toward_Them_">What are Propositions ? Do We Have ' Attitudes ' Toward Them ?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="aa496f061e9e5fc3c44c3928cc39b6b7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":92460556,"asset_id":88496939,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92460556/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="88496939"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="88496939"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 88496939; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=88496939]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=88496939]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 88496939; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='88496939']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 88496939, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "aa496f061e9e5fc3c44c3928cc39b6b7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=88496939]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":88496939,"title":"What are Propositions ? Do We Have ' Attitudes ' Toward Them ?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Propositions are thought to differ from sentences in the following ways: (1) Propositions are declarative sentences that in context, present the 'content' of S's thought. (2) A proposition is (metaphorically) 'what is said' by a declarative sentence. (3) Different sentences may be used to express the same proposition (relative to context). In other words, different sentences in context can mean 'the same thing' or have 'the same meaning.' (4) Sentences (and descriptive propositions) are true or false in context. From my perspective, all four of these intuitions are satisfactory. In addition to these, it is also thought that a proposition is (6) essentially true or false, and (7) that persons have attitudes towards propositions as the 'object' of a propositional 'attitude.' In this essay I argue that both of these metaphysical intuitions are false. I argue that (1) speakers can assert propositions that are 'truth' or 'non-truth' apt and (2) that persons don't really have a psychological-mental 'attitude' relationship to propositions. A series of twenty case studies about plausible linguistic intuitions, is primary evidence for a conceptual analysis.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"grobid_abstract_attachment_id":92460556},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/88496939/What_are_Propositions_Do_We_Have_Attitudes_Toward_Them_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-10-14T22:15:09.088-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":92460556,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92460556/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Proposition1019.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92460556/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"What_are_Propositions_Do_We_Have_Attitud.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/92460556/Proposition1019-libre.pdf?1665817995=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhat_are_Propositions_Do_We_Have_Attitud.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=Os7yUY4yOimqJ0K7q~o3Dt5-OpcBUEw~YbHfyXX-n3uR2Zt-hiK33c2RQRBS3ge15~IUPywIPIMcMNq8hbsD5U9x3hkn4WjX~3zzvMqlJ4Wdm7wj-E73BXrjZnWWYQv4H4yQplKEJX9ByhQ9nx3c6zw0~lSsCunBgQjkPjgAz34PFsBB~1JU9JB5SIJthpisfNO8wjNW~LiDXd1zyn~50uxC2nKZYnfpHSpR~sgaxnV1pcuaAaKZo5uhICbVrrcwCNGXotv8L6k7rReGqlsB3nQtjGKqyM-nV98zAe0Q0~ZzgY94MYrWI4-knnb9V11xQytXRT5gWyAnmsjPFzn~Nw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"What_are_Propositions_Do_We_Have_Attitudes_Toward_Them_","translated_slug":"","page_count":21,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[{"id":92460556,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92460556/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Proposition1019.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92460556/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"What_are_Propositions_Do_We_Have_Attitud.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/92460556/Proposition1019-libre.pdf?1665817995=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhat_are_Propositions_Do_We_Have_Attitud.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=Os7yUY4yOimqJ0K7q~o3Dt5-OpcBUEw~YbHfyXX-n3uR2Zt-hiK33c2RQRBS3ge15~IUPywIPIMcMNq8hbsD5U9x3hkn4WjX~3zzvMqlJ4Wdm7wj-E73BXrjZnWWYQv4H4yQplKEJX9ByhQ9nx3c6zw0~lSsCunBgQjkPjgAz34PFsBB~1JU9JB5SIJthpisfNO8wjNW~LiDXd1zyn~50uxC2nKZYnfpHSpR~sgaxnV1pcuaAaKZo5uhICbVrrcwCNGXotv8L6k7rReGqlsB3nQtjGKqyM-nV98zAe0Q0~ZzgY94MYrWI4-knnb9V11xQytXRT5gWyAnmsjPFzn~Nw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":92460557,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92460557/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Proposition1019.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92460557/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"What_are_Propositions_Do_We_Have_Attitud.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/92460557/Proposition1019-libre.pdf?1665817992=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhat_are_Propositions_Do_We_Have_Attitud.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=BjgK7vaqWdsV0MHYeoCr-Er2fd-~xp4ZutMOAktdzYRmd31Pbr3fYg0mgbeMuhz-xa~ebp9WsOWmxkB5O~hOinv3RTbGfkFV6D2rEZNqeLK2Hh8zLOZSVeAX2cjIYbdjS2znyrzecgn2OpT8LkGIyIi4PyWUV3STgjnUC~pDlsF8PzGwd~0vCxHhFlUjzLV2bULNjXsJPFB8AuyZAG~wYhIAolnSQ3R8opj4iwJCFXWW14md2QqQWYUPW78bISm1Zgeqas8YdeBdVUxORRLlylbLicjiIVnCYIue7gYbpWltiGgPb-cwqsAChs50nEjDnhOuIR2EZ3w93Msir9X~FQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":24776459,"url":"http://www.knowledgedefinition.com/Proposition1019.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83344232"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83344232/Substance_Nature_and_Immanence_Form_in_Aristotle_s_Constituent_Ontology"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Substance, Nature, and Immanence – Form in Aristotle´s Constituent Ontology" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88719647/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83344232/Substance_Nature_and_Immanence_Form_in_Aristotle_s_Constituent_Ontology">Substance, Nature, and Immanence – Form in Aristotle´s Constituent Ontology</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Substance and Attribute</span><span>, 2007</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a52ca077c3213dbf58a39657e74a8b2b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88719647,"asset_id":83344232,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88719647/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83344232"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83344232"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83344232; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83344232]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83344232]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83344232; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83344232']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 83344232, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a52ca077c3213dbf58a39657e74a8b2b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83344232]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83344232,"title":"Substance, Nature, and Immanence – Form in Aristotle´s Constituent Ontology","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"De Gruyter","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2007,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Substance and Attribute"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83344232/Substance_Nature_and_Immanence_Form_in_Aristotle_s_Constituent_Ontology","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-07-18T03:09:35.206-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":88719647,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88719647/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88719647/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Substance_Nature_and_Immanence_Form_in_A.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88719647/pdf-libre.pdf?1658139956=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSubstance_Nature_and_Immanence_Form_in_A.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=RaSPiIANIEqa9DTDuw6amqIFEPZibTPRrOxy~h3pvEOcrDGH69f6JUQpRwTin6VpBVA92Yo4HwHsLbWVAo35LQlOrZtR1~0FxB5mfHymspT2f6SQmNEtcJmlKGMNLBmQ3sTjInC3ZiPClP-bYbK0FLluwGYbgbhQsu3CAZgnItrd84TJJuPoQEyHyePdIB9y2V2VOOjIerb8HAdIJbxVYoVFNdH3EWFXeBvdYvsg3WyjEyISZy03ptr9XJvfEyAxuYJppwCHoUffV4UBtIvFVYNMkAtk0NtJCA0zSqI0wRtqOXZ1Xqv50OLtsJkYlEEiZQbB7DoF~ekqUgvqUAVTGg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Substance_Nature_and_Immanence_Form_in_Aristotle_s_Constituent_Ontology","translated_slug":"","page_count":18,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[{"id":88719647,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88719647/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88719647/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Substance_Nature_and_Immanence_Form_in_A.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88719647/pdf-libre.pdf?1658139956=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSubstance_Nature_and_Immanence_Form_in_A.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464673\u0026Signature=RaSPiIANIEqa9DTDuw6amqIFEPZibTPRrOxy~h3pvEOcrDGH69f6JUQpRwTin6VpBVA92Yo4HwHsLbWVAo35LQlOrZtR1~0FxB5mfHymspT2f6SQmNEtcJmlKGMNLBmQ3sTjInC3ZiPClP-bYbK0FLluwGYbgbhQsu3CAZgnItrd84TJJuPoQEyHyePdIB9y2V2VOOjIerb8HAdIJbxVYoVFNdH3EWFXeBvdYvsg3WyjEyISZy03ptr9XJvfEyAxuYJppwCHoUffV4UBtIvFVYNMkAtk0NtJCA0zSqI0wRtqOXZ1Xqv50OLtsJkYlEEiZQbB7DoF~ekqUgvqUAVTGg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":805,"name":"Ontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ontology"},{"id":815,"name":"Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology"},{"id":94532,"name":"Immanence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immanence"}],"urls":[{"id":22262111,"url":"https://www.degruyter.com/view/book/9783110328974/10.1515/9783110328974.145.xml"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="77918189"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/77918189/Primary_Ousia_An_Essay_on_Aristotles_Metaphysics_Z_and_H"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Primary Ousia: An Essay on Aristotle's Metaphysics Z and H" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/77918189/Primary_Ousia_An_Essay_on_Aristotles_Metaphysics_Z_and_H">Primary Ousia: An Essay on Aristotle's Metaphysics Z and H</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Classical World</span><span>, 1993</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">... Page 3. ... Primary Ousia An Essay on Aristotle&amp;amp;#x27;s Metaphysics Z and H MICHAEL J....</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... Page 3. ... Primary Ousia An Essay on Aristotle&amp;amp;#x27;s Metaphysics Z and H MICHAEL J. LOUX Cornell University Press ITHACA AND LONDON ... Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="77918189"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="77918189"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77918189; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77918189]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77918189]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77918189; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='77918189']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77918189, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=77918189]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":77918189,"title":"Primary Ousia: An Essay on Aristotle's Metaphysics Z and H","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"... Page 3. ... Primary Ousia An Essay on Aristotle\u0026amp;amp;#x27;s Metaphysics Z and H MICHAEL J. LOUX Cornell University Press ITHACA AND LONDON ... Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the ...","publisher":"JSTOR","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1993,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Classical World"},"translated_abstract":"... Page 3. ... Primary Ousia An Essay on Aristotle\u0026amp;amp;#x27;s Metaphysics Z and H MICHAEL J. LOUX Cornell University Press ITHACA AND LONDON ... Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77918189/Primary_Ousia_An_Essay_on_Aristotles_Metaphysics_Z_and_H","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-28T22:08:03.594-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Primary_Ousia_An_Essay_on_Aristotles_Metaphysics_Z_and_H","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":91452,"name":"Anthropology of the Classical World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_the_Classical_World"},{"id":93755,"name":"History and archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_archaeology"},{"id":177125,"name":"Language Culture and Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Culture_and_Communication"},{"id":257864,"name":"Classical World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_World"},{"id":421935,"name":"Philosophical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical"},{"id":962015,"name":"The Philosophical Quarterly","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Philosophical_Quarterly"},{"id":2000344,"name":"Metaphysics of the Unity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_the_Unity"},{"id":3527880,"name":"Jstor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jstor"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="71991277"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/71991277/Reductive_theories_of_modality"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Reductive theories of modality" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/81105013/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/71991277/Reductive_theories_of_modality">Reductive theories of modality</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Oxford handbook of metaphysics</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="46d2fdded141f473aa1dc625259ef7fd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":81105013,"asset_id":71991277,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81105013/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="71991277"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71991277"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71991277; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71991277]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71991277]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71991277; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='71991277']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71991277, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "46d2fdded141f473aa1dc625259ef7fd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=71991277]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":71991277,"title":"Reductive theories of modality","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"for helpful comments. 1 See Kim (, part I), and Lewis (a,-). 2 See Kratzer (). 8 This survey of reductive strategies is incomplete in at least two ways: it concentrates exclusively on recent theories, and it ignores the quasi-epistemic theory of modality currently being developed by David Chalmers. 9 These are characterizations of metaphysical possibility and necessity. Narrower sorts of possibility and necessity may be characterized by restricting the quanti er over possible worlds in various ways. For example, a proposition is nomically possible iff it is true in some possible world that obeys the laws of the actual world.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2003,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Oxford handbook of metaphysics","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":81105013},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71991277/Reductive_theories_of_modality","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-02-20T11:34:13.422-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81105013,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/81105013/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"reductive_theories_of_modality.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81105013/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Reductive_theories_of_modality.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/81105013/reductive_theories_of_modality-libre.pdf?1645394300=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReductive_theories_of_modality.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464674\u0026Signature=g7kuo3Hg~xXlUPLoVv8AkUur186sImfxJoj6SmQiAjWJ6VzzbdMIzW8mHXkyYW~2h8BrbHhW5X2fV6vAnKFFUsSgi1xIVIUzWUBvU1HvGttnAb0127usAYTi4qsAaUrPcclGnNaMMhqtZnXMfoi9zuWfDhnp8AX5N-vhcenCILmoTbgWv9gzO18~R8pgwKCtiB05C7An-plsCXT2Z4G3dIZtatSr48OK22EP9vvNBJx72Vx3yC4ah-EmCxkqA4L1wVXTXoSDzjtDtFEsjDxc~UDqfZtEtldWNbIIrtTMKZjGr8YyQ2pKlgnwufFkhVDxsO1khf6xLOgSCEERdFSkBA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Reductive_theories_of_modality","translated_slug":"","page_count":36,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[{"id":81105013,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/81105013/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"reductive_theories_of_modality.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81105013/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Reductive_theories_of_modality.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/81105013/reductive_theories_of_modality-libre.pdf?1645394300=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReductive_theories_of_modality.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464674\u0026Signature=g7kuo3Hg~xXlUPLoVv8AkUur186sImfxJoj6SmQiAjWJ6VzzbdMIzW8mHXkyYW~2h8BrbHhW5X2fV6vAnKFFUsSgi1xIVIUzWUBvU1HvGttnAb0127usAYTi4qsAaUrPcclGnNaMMhqtZnXMfoi9zuWfDhnp8AX5N-vhcenCILmoTbgWv9gzO18~R8pgwKCtiB05C7An-plsCXT2Z4G3dIZtatSr48OK22EP9vvNBJx72Vx3yC4ah-EmCxkqA4L1wVXTXoSDzjtDtFEsjDxc~UDqfZtEtldWNbIIrtTMKZjGr8YyQ2pKlgnwufFkhVDxsO1khf6xLOgSCEERdFSkBA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="65531800"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/65531800/Two_Theories_of_Substance"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Two Theories of Substance" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/77085886/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/65531800/Two_Theories_of_Substance">Two Theories of Substance</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Substance and Attribute</span><span>, 1978</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="513c615d38b9ffbf2baa5caef5163b94" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":77085886,"asset_id":65531800,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77085886/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="65531800"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="65531800"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65531800; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65531800]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65531800]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65531800; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='65531800']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65531800, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "513c615d38b9ffbf2baa5caef5163b94" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=65531800]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":65531800,"title":"Two Theories of Substance","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Springer Netherlands","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1978,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Substance and Attribute"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/65531800/Two_Theories_of_Substance","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-12-22T09:18:33.849-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77085886,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/77085886/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"978-94-009-9874-2_6.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77085886/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Two_Theories_of_Substance.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/77085886/978-94-009-9874-2_6-libre.pdf?1640294573=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTwo_Theories_of_Substance.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464674\u0026Signature=NcedBH5RjdFEhC7Mdide3FukRmIPefqcI1-nij4HBIGVfE3IKHh3CVwIoqQ8UUnnzKps1Erp-PaH1mx5mPON3nVSntdwYSMPNu7SoF8dhFQk99~VfzPF43qJ~O651tbHGE7Xgj3AeQhvVIfnpFVB3RD2oErc9dTzdagQEmsmEZ03qR19kjDwcQbKY2L1yaTOO6RMfFVf6UgzjGu2N6r8alYFN69l~yZNTJIIdK72mwMfQYX6ZFMbFdJ-W4xTFqV7mEtyDIRk27I4E3JqBM4idny~De2IocYNisyFeFOVUAyanMqNegdXylpMAI3IBpD2yU1huGGWnarZ0hh137ZCrg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Two_Theories_of_Substance","translated_slug":"","page_count":14,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[{"id":77085886,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/77085886/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"978-94-009-9874-2_6.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77085886/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Two_Theories_of_Substance.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/77085886/978-94-009-9874-2_6-libre.pdf?1640294573=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTwo_Theories_of_Substance.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464674\u0026Signature=NcedBH5RjdFEhC7Mdide3FukRmIPefqcI1-nij4HBIGVfE3IKHh3CVwIoqQ8UUnnzKps1Erp-PaH1mx5mPON3nVSntdwYSMPNu7SoF8dhFQk99~VfzPF43qJ~O651tbHGE7Xgj3AeQhvVIfnpFVB3RD2oErc9dTzdagQEmsmEZ03qR19kjDwcQbKY2L1yaTOO6RMfFVf6UgzjGu2N6r8alYFN69l~yZNTJIIdK72mwMfQYX6ZFMbFdJ-W4xTFqV7mEtyDIRk27I4E3JqBM4idny~De2IocYNisyFeFOVUAyanMqNegdXylpMAI3IBpD2yU1huGGWnarZ0hh137ZCrg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":77085887,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/77085887/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"978-94-009-9874-2_6.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77085887/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Two_Theories_of_Substance.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/77085887/978-94-009-9874-2_6-libre.pdf?1640294573=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTwo_Theories_of_Substance.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464674\u0026Signature=TK3XTsKLh6zY1~l80BPwp4qtjTePBcnEzKWwZPa-PAVeIaPDfeWgPLvhC34FxhGLw356EsU~l8dV41ZmlJ8zHInhoT-O5SMwcCyOu3FSjKslWKtkc33DYjb0Oq7ECoTFigj6W1XBTKIzlklY4Q~9eH67uRrEiMRxopl2F3VFC81IMTEV73BTqxdlzjfWVGvPNr1Ij-x77Of~BY5IZz5BcC-H6svogOFtOkiwvBU6X99XTBCt~~OBfJPVIiiajFcyGMgk1-zUHwD-gpuJ1JydmjTwcEqx-AiU-gbSHASZp1rCPYyaWWz4Xyrpx8RE8MIxicPX1rNuZlLLloknSnUpHQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"}],"urls":[{"id":15542342,"url":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-94-009-9874-2_6.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="60402655"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/60402655/The_Oxford_handbook_of_metaphysics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Oxford handbook of metaphysics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/73865275/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/60402655/The_Oxford_handbook_of_metaphysics">The Oxford handbook of metaphysics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a1bf38c3f7db46b52564d71475ca5057" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":73865275,"asset_id":60402655,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73865275/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="60402655"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="60402655"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60402655; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60402655]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60402655]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60402655; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='60402655']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60402655, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a1bf38c3f7db46b52564d71475ca5057" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=60402655]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":60402655,"title":"The Oxford handbook of metaphysics","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Oxford University Press, USA","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2005,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/60402655/The_Oxford_handbook_of_metaphysics","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-10-30T03:09:23.160-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73865275,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/73865275/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"LOUTOH.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73865275/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Oxford_handbook_of_metaphysics.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/73865275/LOUTOH-libre.pdf?1635589847=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Oxford_handbook_of_metaphysics.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464674\u0026Signature=XEe7zZGDGYqWvRxJtA7WVKP9yhOaBcVf7HUSb-Y4HVYmmWjUsW9OD2p4K5kBA~lmvok4pEqrJsb7eYHzN8klwgYlG7vTSCbVP~pOhe4QAAYh4boKRT-jacPklj~fc4AyjfIHwAU6QY~10q05QyjWJw5tXSUa1nMug7KQ3rjW5gWcLDAaqBci9opsynTgTTLno1Ps1x9VX~Qu6pVDfwZM7VJFXQiugDoyrx-1~1s~u75h1rdZPLOhX8o97qCmKOQWF3WwpYLd7BalyuXrgBEU8w8WXqW2UCFyJIfr4fVyj5B3T7qmqe1z-oX6M5PhwO7CednLyUkCzLywJIFObuHG9w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Oxford_handbook_of_metaphysics","translated_slug":"","page_count":15,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[{"id":73865275,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/73865275/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"LOUTOH.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73865275/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Oxford_handbook_of_metaphysics.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/73865275/LOUTOH-libre.pdf?1635589847=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Oxford_handbook_of_metaphysics.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464674\u0026Signature=XEe7zZGDGYqWvRxJtA7WVKP9yhOaBcVf7HUSb-Y4HVYmmWjUsW9OD2p4K5kBA~lmvok4pEqrJsb7eYHzN8klwgYlG7vTSCbVP~pOhe4QAAYh4boKRT-jacPklj~fc4AyjfIHwAU6QY~10q05QyjWJw5tXSUa1nMug7KQ3rjW5gWcLDAaqBci9opsynTgTTLno1Ps1x9VX~Qu6pVDfwZM7VJFXQiugDoyrx-1~1s~u75h1rdZPLOhX8o97qCmKOQWF3WwpYLd7BalyuXrgBEU8w8WXqW2UCFyJIfr4fVyj5B3T7qmqe1z-oX6M5PhwO7CednLyUkCzLywJIFObuHG9w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="59472592"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/59472592/A_Scotistic_Proof_for_the_Existence_of_a_First_Cause"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Scotistic Proof for the Existence of a First Cause" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/59472592/A_Scotistic_Proof_for_the_Existence_of_a_First_Cause">A Scotistic Proof for the Existence of a First Cause</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Noûs</span><span>, 1983</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="59472592"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="59472592"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59472592; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59472592]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59472592]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59472592; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='59472592']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59472592, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=59472592]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":59472592,"title":"A Scotistic Proof for the Existence of a First Cause","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1983,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Noûs"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59472592/A_Scotistic_Proof_for_the_Existence_of_a_First_Cause","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-10-22T02:59:15.058-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"A_Scotistic_Proof_for_the_Existence_of_a_First_Cause","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":2696660,"name":"Noûs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/No%C3%BBs"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="57751507"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/57751507/Ockhams_Theory_of_Terms_Part_1_of_the_Summa_Logicae"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ockham's Theory of Terms: Part 1 of the Summa Logicae" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/57751507/Ockhams_Theory_of_Terms_Part_1_of_the_Summa_Logicae">Ockham's Theory of Terms: Part 1 of the Summa Logicae</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Noûs</span><span>, 1978</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="57751507"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="57751507"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57751507; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57751507]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57751507]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57751507; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='57751507']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 57751507, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=57751507]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":57751507,"title":"Ockham's Theory of Terms: Part 1 of the Summa Logicae","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1978,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Noûs"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57751507/Ockhams_Theory_of_Terms_Part_1_of_the_Summa_Logicae","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-10-14T02:46:20.321-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Ockhams_Theory_of_Terms_Part_1_of_the_Summa_Logicae","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":2696660,"name":"Noûs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/No%C3%BBs"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="55990058"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/55990058/Quine_on_the_inscrutability_and_relativity_of_reference"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Quine on the inscrutability and relativity of reference" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/71596447/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/55990058/Quine_on_the_inscrutability_and_relativity_of_reference">Quine on the inscrutability and relativity of reference</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic</span><span>, 1974</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="dd0f02464775bb215204a7419849261f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":71596447,"asset_id":55990058,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71596447/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="55990058"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="55990058"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55990058; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=55990058]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=55990058]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55990058; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='55990058']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55990058, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "dd0f02464775bb215204a7419849261f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=55990058]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":55990058,"title":"Quine on the inscrutability and relativity of reference","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Duke University Press","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1974,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/55990058/Quine_on_the_inscrutability_and_relativity_of_reference","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-10-06T08:58:36.188-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42226528,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71596447,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/71596447/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1093891195.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71596447/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Quine_on_the_inscrutability_and_relativi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/71596447/1093891195-libre.pdf?1633540819=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DQuine_on_the_inscrutability_and_relativi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464674\u0026Signature=J-pzMrHJAkX9egrmjxBpjwDBbsuB0bVXqlThLX-7l1gv4kQwxzjWc2ZRANUdJXN2xi4NO8fnLUPiu4p5imhmaukhg~fGbSANI7NAl2HhJ2Q1tHu1gQ0QDYej-YdOdKS65Tjy26KqTYLB-y7yvZLGaBAu3dTS3xr9~ZJJPGofFNSBCfKrMf58~97Lt0XDX4JvZEJEtmuZYnjTsyCJsMT1rJKaW8nCi3FCq0j91qqGHrL7Fsj9dYixAQ~kSBIMkGaIZWidhTZF-GQiQoLFoHfMjorhJ7tBV8Y1BX32sIsQ8cCOT~foRns6ujcp8P2s6vkerPbnj41QTjzfm9qLH9ODnQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Quine_on_the_inscrutability_and_relativity_of_reference","translated_slug":"","page_count":9,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":42226528,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Loux","page_name":"MichaelLoux","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-01-27T13:17:27.824-08:00","display_name":"Michael Loux","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux"},"attachments":[{"id":71596447,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/71596447/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1093891195.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71596447/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Quine_on_the_inscrutability_and_relativi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/71596447/1093891195-libre.pdf?1633540819=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DQuine_on_the_inscrutability_and_relativi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464674\u0026Signature=J-pzMrHJAkX9egrmjxBpjwDBbsuB0bVXqlThLX-7l1gv4kQwxzjWc2ZRANUdJXN2xi4NO8fnLUPiu4p5imhmaukhg~fGbSANI7NAl2HhJ2Q1tHu1gQ0QDYej-YdOdKS65Tjy26KqTYLB-y7yvZLGaBAu3dTS3xr9~ZJJPGofFNSBCfKrMf58~97Lt0XDX4JvZEJEtmuZYnjTsyCJsMT1rJKaW8nCi3FCq0j91qqGHrL7Fsj9dYixAQ~kSBIMkGaIZWidhTZF-GQiQoLFoHfMjorhJ7tBV8Y1BX32sIsQ8cCOT~foRns6ujcp8P2s6vkerPbnj41QTjzfm9qLH9ODnQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":19997,"name":"Pure Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pure_Mathematics"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="20654595"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/20654595/APA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of APA Symposium Aristotle on Substance and Predication" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42841257/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/20654595/APA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication">APA Symposium Aristotle on Substance and Predication</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://brown.academia.edu/MaryLouiseGill">Mary Louise Gill</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux">Michael Loux</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Ancient Philosophy</span><span>, 1995</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9c70d040207bbd24452ed452d918af11" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":42841257,"asset_id":20654595,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42841257/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="20654595"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20654595"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20654595; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20654595]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20654595]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20654595; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='20654595']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20654595, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9c70d040207bbd24452ed452d918af11" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=20654595]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":20654595,"title":"APA Symposium Aristotle on Substance and Predication","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1995,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Ancient Philosophy"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20654595/APA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-01-23T12:31:06.438-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":8323862,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":13514379,"work_id":20654595,"tagging_user_id":8323862,"tagged_user_id":42226528,"co_author_invite_id":3161978,"email":"l***1@nd.edu","display_order":1,"name":"Michael Loux","title":"APA Symposium Aristotle on Substance and Predication"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42841257,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42841257/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Gill_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42841257/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"APA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/42841257/Gill_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication-libre.pdf?1455899918=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAPA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464674\u0026Signature=JYt0JGINypWHIG5jSgmXwX7l-ZA2eHk-gTW1Mmn~MB1M-sWiuMGp-DEeYFTl6dCaUdnk5Rvz2UPHGM3-cMQ1CnRY-p83zQbGTVaYVNNI~MX90eZAwh4PO5wf7DctVcG4RQuq2HW5fdSoGKi2j7CwIUkXQLtGbn8qtaoffJiC14IwL28jAao4Xdnr7tzxbxsa8Lwp7MA98gqhWeRmsk99LqHZi299jXY9zDlq4EzFoWdaOd8gFb31CxdBQZtJsEPh3xKKG-HPnfG69rQsTVQl1jkWM3ZEL5njdILfahObVD0dVYMjg7btE0E6jc9Uhk-AFQGGQj4c2C1OK8D9DSgxBQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"APA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication","translated_slug":"","page_count":11,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":8323862,"first_name":"Mary Louise","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gill","page_name":"MaryLouiseGill","domain_name":"brown","created_at":"2014-01-15T14:01:52.725-08:00","display_name":"Mary Louise Gill","url":"https://brown.academia.edu/MaryLouiseGill"},"attachments":[{"id":42841257,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42841257/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Gill_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42841257/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQ2MTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"APA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/42841257/Gill_Aristotle_on_Substance_and_Predication-libre.pdf?1455899918=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAPA_Symposium_Aristotle_on_Substance_and.pdf\u0026Expires=1732464674\u0026Signature=JYt0JGINypWHIG5jSgmXwX7l-ZA2eHk-gTW1Mmn~MB1M-sWiuMGp-DEeYFTl6dCaUdnk5Rvz2UPHGM3-cMQ1CnRY-p83zQbGTVaYVNNI~MX90eZAwh4PO5wf7DctVcG4RQuq2HW5fdSoGKi2j7CwIUkXQLtGbn8qtaoffJiC14IwL28jAao4Xdnr7tzxbxsa8Lwp7MA98gqhWeRmsk99LqHZi299jXY9zDlq4EzFoWdaOd8gFb31CxdBQZtJsEPh3xKKG-HPnfG69rQsTVQl1jkWM3ZEL5njdILfahObVD0dVYMjg7btE0E6jc9Uhk-AFQGGQj4c2C1OK8D9DSgxBQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy"},{"id":17178,"name":"Ancient Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Philosophy"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/google_contacts-0dfb882d836b94dbcb4a2d123d6933fc9533eda5be911641f20b4eb428429600.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $('.js-google-connect-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); GoogleContacts.authorize_and_show_contacts(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); $.ajax({ url: $r.api_v0_profiles_update_about_path({ subdomain_param: 'api', about: "", }), type: 'PUT', success: function(response) { location.reload(); } }); }); $('.js-work-creator-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_document_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-video-upload-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_video_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-do-this-later-button').click(function() { $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-do-this-later-button').click(function(){ $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--close').click(function(){ $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--panel').hide(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--button').click(function(){ Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserWorks({ initialWorksOffset: 20, allWorksOffset: 20, maxSections: 1 }) }); </script> </div></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile_edit-5ea339ee107c863779f560dd7275595239fed73f1a13d279d2b599a28c0ecd33.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/add_coauthor-22174b608f9cb871d03443cafa7feac496fb50d7df2d66a53f5ee3c04ba67f53.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/tab-dcac0130902f0cc2d8cb403714dd47454f11fc6fb0e99ae6a0827b06613abc20.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb window.ae = window.ae || {}; window.ae.WowProfile = window.ae.WowProfile || {}; if(Aedu.User.current && Aedu.User.current.id === $viewedUser.id) { window.ae.WowProfile.current_user_edit = {}; new WowProfileEdit.EditUploadView({ el: '.js-edit-upload-button-wrapper', model: window.$current_user, }); new AddCoauthor.AddCoauthorsController(); } var userInfoView = new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserInfo({ recaptcha_key: "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB" }); WowProfile.router = new WowProfile.Router({ userInfoView: userInfoView }); Backbone.history.start({ pushState: true, root: "/" + $viewedUser.page_name }); new WowProfile.UserWorksNav() }); </script> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "3825ca64e9a9c20421eac320c937669e828fb47429295755235a4d5777ffdbd4", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="SUxWopBXbOdMPD5hoW41z7wBZPtC/CGZmMRcBYPFk8j8eB5saeXeDkMlHCCZCOxAATe7pW2GhBdUXCDKMdbL2w==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelLoux" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="s0uR8O7bHVBR4I2MeNwXJsa3ZuPJ03EWQXoQ0ruC8c8Gf9k+F2mvuV75r81Aus6pe4G5veap1JiN4mwdCZGp3A==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>