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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lloyd%27s_Coffee_House&params=51.5127483_N_0.087497_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°30′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°05′15″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.5127483°N 0.087497°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.5127483; -0.087497</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historical coffee shop in London, England</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lloyd%27s_coffee_house_drawing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Lloyd%27s_coffee_house_drawing.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="211" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="211" /></a><figcaption>A 19th-century drawing of Lloyd's Coffee House</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lloyd%27s_Coffee_House_plaque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0f/Lloyd%27s_Coffee_House_plaque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="161" /></a><figcaption>This <a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">blue plaque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lombard_Street,_London" title="Lombard Street, London">Lombard Street</a> marks the location of the former coffee house.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Lloyd's Coffee House</b> was a significant <a href="/wiki/English_coffeehouses_in_the_17th_and_18th_centuries" title="English coffeehouses in the 17th and 18th centuries">meeting place in London in the 17th and 18th centuries</a>. </p><p>It was opened by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Lloyd_(c._1648%E2%80%931713)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Lloyd (c. 1648–1713) (page does not exist)">Edward Lloyd</a> (c. 1648 – 15 February 1713) on <a href="/wiki/Great_Tower_Street" title="Great Tower Street">Tower Street</a> in 1686.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_Palmer_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB_Palmer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Marcus192_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marcus192-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The establishment was a popular place for <a href="/wiki/Sailor" title="Sailor">sailors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merchant" title="Merchant">merchants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ship-owner" title="Ship-owner">shipowners</a>, and Lloyd catered to them by providing reliable shipping news. The shipping industry community frequented the place to discuss maritime <a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">insurance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shipbroking" title="Shipbroking">shipbroking</a> and foreign trade.<sup id="cite_ref-Marcus192_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marcus192-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dealings that took place led to the establishment of the insurance market <a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_of_London" title="Lloyd's of London">Lloyd's of London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_Register" title="Lloyd's Register">Lloyd's Register</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_List" title="Lloyd's List">Lloyd's List</a>, and several related shipping and insurance businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The coffee shop relocated to <a href="/wiki/Lombard_Street,_London" title="Lombard Street, London">Lombard Street</a> in December 1691. Lloyd had a <a href="/wiki/Pulpit" title="Pulpit">pulpit</a> installed in the new premises, from which maritime auction prices and shipping news were announced.<sup id="cite_ref-Marcus192_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marcus192-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Candle_auction" title="Candle auction">Candle auctions</a> were held in the establishment, with lots frequently involving ships and shipping.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1696–1697 Lloyd also experimented with publishing a newspaper, <i>Lloyd's News</i>, reporting on shipping schedules and insurance agreements reached in the coffee house.<sup id="cite_ref-Edward_Lloyd_and_his_Coffee_House_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edward_Lloyd_and_his_Coffee_House-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1713, the year of Edward Lloyd's death, he modified his will to assign the lease of the coffee house to his head waiter, William Newton, who then married one of Lloyd's daughters, Handy. Newton died the following year and Handy subsequently married Samuel Sheppard. She died in 1720 and Sheppard died in 1727, leaving the coffee house to his sister Elizabeth and her husband, Thomas Jemson. Jemson founded the <i><a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_List" title="Lloyd's List">Lloyd's List</a></i> newspaper in 1734, similar to the previous <i>Lloyd's News</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Edward_Lloyd_and_his_Coffee_House_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edward_Lloyd_and_his_Coffee_House-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Merchants continued to discuss insurance matters there until 1774, when the participating members of the insurance arrangement formed a committee and moved to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Exchange_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Exchange (London)">Royal Exchange</a> on <a href="/wiki/Cornhill,_London" title="Cornhill, London">Cornhill</a> as the Society of Lloyd's. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traces_of_the_coffee_house">Traces of the coffee house</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd%27s_Coffee_House&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Traces of the coffee house"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 17th century original shop frontage of Lloyd's Coffee House is owned by Lloyd's of London and in 2011 was temporarily re-erected on display at the <a href="/wiki/National_Maritime_Museum" title="National Maritime Museum">National Maritime Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Portcities_London_1129_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Portcities_London_1129-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">blue plaque</a> in Lombard Street commemorates the coffee house's second location (now occupied at ground level by Sainsbury's supermarket).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was fictionalized in the 1936 film <a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_of_London_(film)" title="Lloyd's of London (film)"><i>Lloyd's of London</i></a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisations_named_after_the_coffee_house">Organisations named after the coffee house</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd%27s_Coffee_House&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organisations named after the coffee house"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Lloyd%27s_Coffee_House" title="Special:EditPage/Lloyd's Coffee House">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The following is a list of organisations named after Lloyd's Coffee House: </p> <ul><li>Austrian Lloyd: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterreichischer_Lloyd" title="Österreichischer Lloyd">Österreichischer Lloyd</a>: an Austrian, major mediterranean shipping company founded in 1833, which after World War I became <a href="/wiki/Italia_Marittima" title="Italia Marittima">Lloyd Triestino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Lloyd_Ship_Management" title="Austrian Lloyd Ship Management">Austrian Lloyd Ship Management</a>: a Cypriot company founded in 1991</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanischer_Lloyd" title="Germanischer Lloyd">Germanischer Lloyd</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapag-Lloyd" title="Hapag-Lloyd">Hapag-Lloyd</a>, transportation, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapag-Lloyd_Express" title="Hapag-Lloyd Express">Hapag-Lloyd Express</a>, airline, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapag-Lloyd_Flug" title="Hapag-Lloyd Flug">Hapag-Lloyd Flug</a>, airline, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_A%C3%A9reo_Boliviano" title="Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano">Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano</a>, airline, Bolivia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_List" title="Lloyd's List">Lloyd's List</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_List_Intelligence" title="Lloyd's List Intelligence">Lloyd's List Intelligence</a> (formerly Lloyd's MIU), shipping news, London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_of_London" title="Lloyd's of London">Lloyd's of London</a>, insurance, London, and the <a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_Agency_Network" title="Lloyd's Agency Network">Lloyd's Agency Network</a> they created</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_Register" title="Lloyd's Register">Lloyd's Register</a>, risk assessment and mitigation services and management systems certification (originally maritime), London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norddeutscher_Lloyd" title="Norddeutscher Lloyd">Norddeutscher Lloyd</a>, shipping, Germany, and the <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lloyd (car)">Lloyd (car)</a> created by a subsidiary, and the <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Werft" title="Lloyd Werft">Lloyd Werft</a> dockyard they also own</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%26O_Nedlloyd" title="P&O Nedlloyd">P&O Nedlloyd</a> (incorporating <a href="/wiki/Nedlloyd" title="Nedlloyd">Nedlloyd</a> shipping)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Lloyd_Group" title="Delta Lloyd Group">Delta Lloyd Group</a> (incorporating <i>Nedlloyd</i> insurance founded 1854)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Lloyds_Bank" title="Lloyds Bank">Lloyds Bank</a> and its related organisations are not named after the London coffee house; the bank was founded in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sampson_Lloyd" title="Sampson Lloyd">Sampson Lloyd</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relation_to_the_Atlantic_Slave_Trade">Relation to the Atlantic Slave Trade</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd%27s_Coffee_House&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Relation to the Atlantic Slave Trade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lloyd's coffee house was a popular establishment for English citizens that engaged in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Slave_Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Slave Trade">Atlantic Slave Trade</a>. The <a href="/wiki/London_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="London Gazette">London Gazette</a> hosted many advertisements about runaway slaves listing Lloyd's coffee house as the location to return them.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lloyd's became the "global centre" for insuring slaves and the ships that carried them.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Market participation in the transatlantic slave trade was the source of the profits that are the foundation to the <a href="/wiki/Capital_(economics)" title="Capital (economics)">capital</a> used in the creation of further Lloyd's organizations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd%27s_Coffee_House&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-relax.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem-relax.svg/28px-Emblem-relax.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem-relax.svg/42px-Emblem-relax.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Emblem-relax.svg/56px-Emblem-relax.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Coffee" title="Portal:Coffee">Coffee portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lloyd%27s_Coffee_House&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lloyd%27s_Coffee_House&params=51.5127483_N_0.087497_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°30′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°05′15″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.5127483°N 0.087497°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.5127483; -0.087497</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ODNB_Palmer-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_Palmer_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPalmer2007" class="citation web cs1">Palmer, Sarah (October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715030319/http://press.oxforddnb.com/index/16/101016829/">"Lloyd, Edward (<i>c</i>.1648–1713)"</a>. <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F16829">10.1093/ref:odnb/16829</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press.oxforddnb.com/index/16/101016829">the original</a> on 15 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.atitle=Lloyd%2C+Edward+%28c.1648%E2%80%931713%29&rft.date=2007-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F16829&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.oxforddnb.com%2Findex%2F16%2F101016829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALloyd%27s+Coffee+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marcus192-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marcus192_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marcus192_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marcus192_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcus" class="citation book cs1">Marcus, G. J. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heartofoaksurvey0000marc/page/192"><i>Heart of Oak: A Survey of British Sea Power in the Georgian Era</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heartofoaksurvey0000marc/page/192">192</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0192158120" title="Special:BookSources/0192158120"><bdi>0192158120</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heart+of+Oak%3A+A+Survey+of+British+Sea+Power+in+the+Georgian+Era&rft.pages=192&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=0192158120&rft.aulast=Marcus&rft.aufirst=G.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fheartofoaksurvey0000marc%2Fpage%2F192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALloyd%27s+Coffee+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcus" class="citation book cs1">Marcus, G. J. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heartofoaksurvey0000marc/page/195"><i>Heart of Oak: A Survey of British Sea Power in the Georgian Era</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heartofoaksurvey0000marc/page/195">195</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0192158120" title="Special:BookSources/0192158120"><bdi>0192158120</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heart+of+Oak%3A+A+Survey+of+British+Sea+Power+in+the+Georgian+Era&rft.pages=195&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=0192158120&rft.aulast=Marcus&rft.aufirst=G.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fheartofoaksurvey0000marc%2Fpage%2F195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALloyd%27s+Coffee+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141103141207/http://www.lloyds.com/news-and-insight/news-and-features/lloyds-news/lloyds-news-2013/lloyds-at-325-the-story-of-edward-lloyd">"Lloyd's at 325: the story of Edward Lloyd"</a>. Lloyd's of London. Lloyds. 15 February 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lloyds.com/news-and-insight/news-and-features/lloyds-news/lloyds-news-2013/lloyds-at-325-the-story-of-edward-lloyd">the original</a> on 3 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lloyd%27s+at+325%3A+the+story+of+Edward+Lloyd&rft.date=2013-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lloyds.com%2Fnews-and-insight%2Fnews-and-features%2Flloyds-news%2Flloyds-news-2013%2Flloyds-at-325-the-story-of-edward-lloyd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALloyd%27s+Coffee+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edward_Lloyd_and_his_Coffee_House-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Edward_Lloyd_and_his_Coffee_House_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Edward_Lloyd_and_his_Coffee_House_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lr.org/en/who-we-are/brief-history/edward-lloyd-coffee-house/">"Edward Lloyd and his Coffee House"</a>. <i>Lloyd's Register</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lloyd%27s+Register&rft.atitle=Edward+Lloyd+and+his+Coffee+House.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lr.org%2Fen%2Fwho-we-are%2Fbrief-history%2Fedward-lloyd-coffee-house%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALloyd%27s+Coffee+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Portcities_London_1129-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Portcities_London_1129_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portcities.org.uk/london/server/show/conMediaFile.1129/Lloyds-Coffee-House-frontage-On-loan-from-Lloyds-of-London.html">"Lloyd's Coffee House frontage. On loan from Lloyd's of London (broken link)"</a>. portcities.org.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lloyd%27s+Coffee+House+frontage.+On+loan+from+Lloyd%27s+of+London+%28broken+link%29&rft.pub=portcities.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portcities.org.uk%2Flondon%2Fserver%2Fshow%2FconMediaFile.1129%2FLloyds-Coffee-House-frontage-On-loan-from-Lloyds-of-London.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALloyd%27s+Coffee+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamsDarityPalmer2021" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Eric Eustace; Darity, William A.; Palmer, Colin A. (2021). <i>Capitalism & slavery</i> (Third ed.). Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781469663685" title="Special:BookSources/9781469663685"><bdi>9781469663685</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Capitalism+%26+slavery&rft.place=Chapel+Hill&rft.pages=82&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=The+University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781469663685&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Eric+Eustace&rft.au=Darity%2C+William+A.&rft.au=Palmer%2C+Colin+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALloyd%27s+Coffee+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lloyds.com/about-lloyds/history/the-trans-atlantic-slave-trade">"The transatlantic slave trade"</a>. <i>www.lloyds.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lloyds.com&rft.atitle=The+transatlantic+slave+trade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lloyds.com%2Fabout-lloyds%2Fhistory%2Fthe-trans-atlantic-slave-trade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALloyd%27s+Coffee+House" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Accident_insurance" title="Accident insurance">Accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accidental_death_and_dismemberment_insurance" title="Accidental death and dismemberment insurance">Accidental death and dismemberment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dental_insurance" title="Dental insurance">Dental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_insurance" title="Disability insurance">Disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Total_permanent_disability_insurance" title="Total permanent disability insurance">Total permanent disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_overhead_expense_disability_insurance" title="Business overhead expense disability insurance">Business overhead expense</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_protection_insurance" title="Income protection insurance">Income protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_care_insurance" title="Long-term care insurance">Long-term care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_health_insurance" title="National health insurance">National health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payment_protection_insurance" title="Payment protection insurance">Payment protection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Life_insurance" title="Life insurance">Life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longevity_insurance" title="Longevity insurance">Longevity insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_life_insurance" title="Mortgage life insurance">Mortgage life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Term_life_insurance" title="Term life insurance">Term life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitised_insurance_fund" title="Unitised insurance fund">Unitised fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_life_insurance" title="Universal life insurance">Universal life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_universal_life_insurance" title="Variable universal life insurance">Variable universal life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_life_insurance" title="Whole life insurance">Whole life</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bond_insurance" title="Bond insurance">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_interruption_insurance" title="Business interruption insurance">Business interruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_owner%27s_policy" title="Business owner's policy">Business owner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collateral_protection_insurance" title="Collateral protection insurance">Collateral protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directors_and_officers_liability_insurance" title="Directors and officers liability insurance">Directors and officers liability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidelity_bond" title="Fidelity bond">Fidelity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-redemption_insurance" title="Over-redemption insurance">Over-redemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payment_protection_insurance" title="Payment protection insurance">Payment protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollution_insurance" title="Pollution insurance">Pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_liability_insurance" title="Professional liability insurance">Professional liability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protection_and_indemnity_insurance" title="Protection and indemnity insurance">Protection and indemnity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surety" title="Surety">Surety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_credit_insurance" title="Trade credit insurance">Trade credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbrella_insurance" title="Umbrella insurance">Umbrella</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Residential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boiler_insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Boiler insurance">Boiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Builder%27s_risk_insurance" title="Builder's risk insurance">Builder's risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contents_insurance" title="Contents insurance">Contents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthquake_insurance" title="Earthquake insurance">Earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_insurance" title="Flood insurance">Flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_insurance" title="Home insurance">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landlords%27_insurance" title="Landlords' insurance">Landlords'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenders_mortgage_insurance" title="Lenders mortgage insurance">Lenders mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_insurance" title="Mortgage insurance">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_insurance" title="Property insurance">Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renters%27_insurance" title="Renters' insurance">Renters'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_insurance" title="Title insurance">Title</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport/<br />Communication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_insurance" title="Aviation insurance">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAP_insurance" title="GAP insurance">GAP insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_marine_insurance" title="Inland marine insurance">Inland marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_auto_insurance" title="Public auto insurance">Public auto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_insurance" title="Marine insurance">Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_insurance" title="Satellite insurance">Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_insurance" title="Shipping insurance">Shipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_insurance" title="Travel insurance">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_insurance" title="Vehicle insurance">Vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reinsurance" title="Reinsurance">Reinsurance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catastrophe_bond" title="Catastrophe bond">Catastrophe bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance-linked_security" title="Insurance-linked security">Insurance-linked securities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualty_insurance" title="Casualty insurance">Casualty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_risk_insurance" title="Climate risk insurance">Climate risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance#Casualty_insurance" title="Insurance">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crop_insurance" title="Crop insurance">Crop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catastrophic_crop_insurance" title="Catastrophic crop insurance">Catastrophic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-peril_crop_insurance" title="Multi-peril crop insurance">Multi-peril</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_insurance" title="Cyber insurance">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deposit_insurance" title="Deposit insurance">Deposit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expatriate_insurance" title="Expatriate insurance">Expatriate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_warranty" title="Extended warranty">Extended warranty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_insurance" title="Group insurance">Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index-based_insurance" title="Index-based insurance">Index-based</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parametric_insurance" title="Parametric insurance">Parametric</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interest_rate_insurance" title="Interest rate insurance">Interest rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnap_and_ransom_insurance" title="Kidnap and ransom insurance">Kidnap and ransom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_expenses_insurance" title="Legal expenses insurance">Legal expenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liability_insurance" title="Liability insurance">Liability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-fault_insurance" title="No-fault insurance">No-fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pet_insurance" title="Pet insurance">Pet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_risk_insurance" title="Political risk insurance">Political risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prize_indemnity_insurance" title="Prize indemnity insurance">Prize indemnity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takaful" title="Takaful">Takaful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_insurance" title="Terrorism insurance">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuition_insurance" title="Tuition insurance">Tuition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_risk_insurance" title="War risk insurance">War risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_insurance" title="Weather insurance">Weather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_compensation" title="Workers' compensation">Workers' compensation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Insurance_policy" title="Insurance policy">Insurance <br />policy</a> <br />and <a href="/wiki/Insurance_law" title="Insurance law">law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_God" title="Act of God">Act of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actuarial_science" title="Actuarial science">Actuarial science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actuary" title="Actuary">Actuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adverse_selection" title="Adverse selection">Adverse selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk" title="Risk">Risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_assessment" title="Risk assessment">Risk assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">Risk management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncertainty" title="Uncertainty">Uncertainty</a>/<a href="/wiki/Knightian_uncertainty" title="Knightian uncertainty">Knightian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_of_life" title="Value of life">Value of life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actual_cash_value" title="Actual cash value">Actual cash value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cash_value" title="Cash value">Cash value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_broker" title="Insurance broker">Broker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancellation_(insurance)" title="Cancellation (insurance)">Cancellation</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pro_rata" title="Pro rata">Pro rata</a></i></li> <li>Short rate table</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cause_of_action" title="Cause of action">Claim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claims_adjuster" class="mw-redirect" title="Claims adjuster">Claims adjuster</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deductible" title="Deductible">Deductible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-insurance" title="Co-insurance">Co-insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copayment" title="Copayment">Copayment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out-of-pocket_expense" title="Out-of-pocket expense">Out-of-pocket expense</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explanation_of_benefits" title="Explanation of benefits">Explanation of benefits</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Force_majeure" title="Force majeure">Force majeure</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_average" title="General average">General average</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indemnity" title="Indemnity">Indemnity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurability" title="Insurability">Insurability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurable_interest" title="Insurable interest">Insurable interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_fraud" title="Insurance fraud">Insurance fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proximate_cause" title="Proximate cause">Proximate cause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replacement_value" title="Replacement value">Replacement value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_pool" title="Risk pool">Risk pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-insurance" title="Self-insurance">Self-insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_loss" title="Total loss">Total loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underinsured" title="Underinsured">Underinsurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwriting" title="Underwriting">Underwriting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underwriting_profit" title="Underwriting profit">Profit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Insurance <br />by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_Australia" title="Insurance in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_industry_in_China" title="Insurance industry in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_India" title="Insurance in India">India</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Vehicle_insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Vehicle insurance in the United States">Vehicle insurance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_insurance" title="History of insurance">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banker_(ancient)" title="Banker (ancient)">Mesopotamian banker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Hammurabi" title="Code of Hammurabi">Code of Hammurabi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_insurance" title="Marine insurance">§100–105; §126</a>; <a href="/wiki/Labour_law" title="Labour law">§234</a>; <a href="/wiki/Marine_insurance" title="Marine insurance">§235–238; §240</a>; <a href="/wiki/Labour_law" title="Labour law">§275–277</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collegium_(ancient_Rome)" title="Collegium (ancient Rome)">Collegium</a></i> <ul><li><a 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