The transatlantic slave trade

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<div class="search-icon-wrap"> <div class="search-icon-inside"></div> </div> <input type="text" name="search" placeholder="Search Lloyds.com" data-action="input-search"> <a href="#" id="closeSearch"></a> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-filter d-none"></div> </header><main id="mainContent" tabindex="-1"><div class="consolidated-header lang-select bg-blue overlay-True"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 1024px)" srcset="https://assets.lloyds.com/media/19c968b0-5fea-4a93-b964-3756b648a66b/Modern slavery banner image.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset=""> <source media="(min-width: 480px)" srcset=""> <source media="(min-width: 380px)" srcset=""> <source media="(min-width:0)" srcset=""> <img src="https://assets.lloyds.com/media/19c968b0-5fea-4a93-b964-3756b648a66b/Modern slavery banner image.jpg" alt=""> </picture> <div class="lloyds-grid-container container"> <div class="top-section"> <h1 class="fullStopHidden-True fullStop-size-h1 fullStop-lightred">The transatlantic slave trade</h1> <p class="fullStopHidden-True fullStop-size-p fullStop-lightred"></p> </div> <div class="inline-wrap"> <div class="social sharethis-inline-share-buttons"> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="breadcrumb-v2"> <div class="lloyds-grid-container container padding-bottom-False"> <div class="row"> <nav class="col-12" aria-label="breadcrumb"> <ul class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item" data-text="Home"> <a href="/" aria-label="" target="">Home</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item" data-text="About Lloyd's"> <a href="/about-lloyds" aria-label="" target="">About Lloyd's</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item" data-text="History"> <a href="/about-lloyds/history" aria-label="" target="">History</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item" data-text="The transatlantic slave trade"> <a href="/about-lloyds/history/the-trans-atlantic-slave-trade" aria-label="" target="">The transatlantic slave trade</a> </li> </ul> <a class="breadcrumb-mobile" href=""></a> </nav> </div> </div> </div><div class="theme-white"> <div class="lloyds-grid-container container body-content padding-top-True"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md col-lg-8 body sidenav-full-width-True"> <h2></h2> <div class="body-text"><p>From 1640 to the early 19th century, an estimated 3.2 million enslaved African people were transported by Britain’s vast shipping industry. Lloyd’s was the global centre for insuring that industry. </p><p>We are deeply sorry for the Lloyd’s market’s participation in the transatlantic slave trade. It is part of our shared history that caused enormous suffering and continues to have a negative impact on Black and ethnically diverse communities today.</p></div> <div class="link"></div> <div class="button"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="theme-grey"> <div class="lloyds-grid-container container body-content padding-top-True"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md col-lg-8 body sidenav-full-width-True"> <h2>A journey of reflection</h2> <div class="body-text"><p>Prompted by the anti-racist activism of Black people and allies following the murder of George Floyd, Lloyd’s has been on a journey of research and reflection to acknowledge our historical connections to slavery and the lack of ethnic representation that still exists in the Lloyd’s market today.</p><p>We held a number of conversations with Black and ethnically diverse colleagues. We had some honest conversations with our Black and ethnically diverse colleagues, in both the Corporation and the market, about Lloyd’s history, the trans-Atlantic slave trade and their experiences. The views of those colleagues have been compiled into a video and we are grateful for their insights.</p><p>We also facilitated a series of Conversations between Black or ethnically diverse colleagues and white allies, exploring their lived experience and the legacy of enslavement. Each conversation uses an item from the Lloyd's Collection as the starting point for an anonymous conversation. The items were chosen to align with colleagues’ specific ancestry or selected by colleagues themselves.</p></div> <div class="link"></div> <div class="button"> <a class="cta-v2 primary solid normal icon-right ga-datalayer" href="/conversations-on-lloyds-collection" aria-label="Listen to the conversations with our Black and ethnically diverse colleagues and their experiences" target="" onclick="" data-ga-category="" data-ga-action="" data-ga-label=""><img src="https://assets.lloyds.com/media/a8812e43-7402-46f2-8a0c-61d32c44c3b6/icon_white_arrow_right.svg">Listen to the conversations</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="theme-white"> <div class="lloyds-grid-container container body-content padding-top-True"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md col-lg-8 body sidenav-full-width-True"> <h2>Our research</h2> <div class="body-text"><p id="isPasted">We have undertaken several pieces of research to understand and contextualise our history.</p><p>This includes an independent research collaboration with Black Beyond Data, based at Johns Hopkins University, to examine items in our Collection with significant connections to slavery in order to contextualise Lloyd’s institutional role. The work is editorially and financially independent from Lloyd’s, funded solely by the Mellon Foundation. The research was published as a digital exhibit in November 2023.</p></div> <div class="link"> <a class="icon-right ga-datalayer" href="https://underwritingsouls.org/" aria-label="" target="" onclick="" data-ga-category="" data-ga-action="" data-ga-label=""><img src="https://assets.lloyds.com/media/4a786fe3-54f7-4bb3-ba2e-a5e33e1f53e9/icon_blue_external.svg">Visit Underwriting Souls digital exhibition</a> </div> <div class="button"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="theme-white"> <div class="lloyds-grid-container container body-content padding-top-False"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md col-lg-8 body sidenav-full-width-True"> <h2></h2> <div class="body-text"><p id="isPasted">Dr Alexandre White, who is leading this project at Black Beyond Data, said:</p></div> <div class="link"></div> <div class="button"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="quote-container"> <div class="container"> <blockquote class="quote-text">“This project seeks to serve as a critical site from which to consider how to read and witness historical objects produced in the service of slavery in ways that complicate the narratives put forward by their creators. <br><br> In doing so this digital exhibit will serve to complicate and consider how insurance agreements pertaining to slavery and books containing references to dozens of insured slaving voyages dehumanize those quantified and numbered on their pages… <br><br> These histories are painful, and their continued erasure in public discourse limits our ability to reckon with these pasts. This project will contribute… to grappling with these histories and their legacies.”</blockquote> <cite class="quote-source">Dr Alexandre White</cite> </div> </div><div class="theme-white"> <div class="lloyds-grid-container container body-content padding-top-False"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md col-lg-8 body sidenav-full-width-True"> <h2></h2> <div class="body-text"><h3>Learning from our past</h3><p>Read more about our research into our historical links to the transatlantic slave trade and how we are responding to our past</p></div> <div class="link"></div> <div class="button"> <a class="cta-v2 primary solid normal icon-right ga-datalayer" href="/about-lloyds/history/the-trans-atlantic-slave-trade/learning-from-our-past" aria-label="" target="" onclick="" data-ga-category="" data-ga-action="" data-ga-label=""><img src="https://assets.lloyds.com/media/a8812e43-7402-46f2-8a0c-61d32c44c3b6/icon_white_arrow_right.svg">Learning from our past</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="theme-white"> <div class="lloyds-grid-container container body-content padding-top-False"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md col-lg-8 body sidenav-full-width-True"> <h2></h2> <div class="body-text"><p>Below are some of our other pieces of research into our past.</p></div> <div class="link"></div> <div class="button"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="theme-"> <div class="container lloyds-grid-container campaign-page-cards padding-top-False"> <div class="row"> <div class="col offset-lg-3 offset-md-0 main-title"> <h2 class="fullStopHidden-True fullStop-size-h2 fullStop-lightred"></h2> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col card-body"> <div class="card-image hide-image-False keyline-turquoise"> <img alt="" src="https://assets.lloyds.com/media/72dc9b46-0ddb-4a35-a526-f28ed34f318c/Marine_1280x768.jpg"> </div> <h3 class="title fullStopHidden-True fullStop-size-h3 fullStop-lightred">Lloyd’s, marine insurance and slavery</h3> <div class="body"> We are grateful for the work of many academics who continue to research this issue. Dr Nicholas Draper has written an article on Lloyd’s, marine insurance and slavery which outlines the key facts on this subject. </div> <div class="links"> <a href="/about-lloyds/history/the-trans-atlantic-slave-trade/lloyds-marine-insurance-and-slavery" class="ga-datalayer" aria-label="Read more about Lloyd’s, marine insurance and slavery" target="" data-ga-category="" data-ga-action="" data-ga-label=""> Read more<img src="https://assets.lloyds.com/media/c5be3777-92d5-4cb0-ba8a-f1d73e49abf6/arrow_right.svg"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col card-body"> <div class="card-image hide-image-False keyline-turquoise"> <img alt="" src="https://assets.lloyds.com/media/ce898109-c03e-462b-bf9d-00c6648039af/JJA_1280x768.jpg"> </div> <h3 class="title fullStopHidden-True fullStop-size-h3 fullStop-lightred">John Julius Angerstein</h3> <div class="body"> We have set up a Working Party made up of academics, curators and representatives from the Corporation and the market to support us in our investigation of the role of one of our most prominent members of the period, John Julius Angerstein (1735-1823). Angerstein was a beneficiary of slavery from his marine insurance work and was a trustee of estates in Granada which held several hundred enslaved people. Read the findings from our research. </div> <div class="links"> <a href="/about-lloyds/history/important-people-from-our-past/john-julius-angerstein" class="ga-datalayer" aria-label="Read more about John Julius Angerstein" target="" data-ga-category="" data-ga-action="" data-ga-label=""> Read more<img src="https://assets.lloyds.com/media/c5be3777-92d5-4cb0-ba8a-f1d73e49abf6/arrow_right.svg"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col card-body"> <div class="card-image hide-image-False keyline-turquoise"> <img alt="" src="https://assets.lloyds.com/media/72bb7166-45a9-431b-a80b-5a022105bbe0/1771-founders-379x227.png"> </div> <h3 class="title fullStopHidden-True fullStop-size-h3 fullStop-lightred">Our 1771 founders</h3> <div class="body"> This research project brings together data that helps us to understand and acknowledge the role of transatlantic slavery through significant members of Lloyd’s history. It traces the links to the slave trade, the wider slave economy and slave-ownership of the founding subscribers of Lloyd’s New Coffee House. </div> <div class="links"> <a href="/about-lloyds/history/the-trans-atlantic-slave-trade/1771-founders" class="ga-datalayer" aria-label="Read more about our 1771 founders" target="" data-ga-category="" data-ga-action="" data-ga-label=""> Read more<img src="https://assets.lloyds.com/media/c5be3777-92d5-4cb0-ba8a-f1d73e49abf6/arrow_right.svg"> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="theme-white"> <div class="lloyds-grid-container container body-content padding-top-False"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md col-lg-8 body sidenav-full-width-True"> <h2></h2> <div class="body-text"></div> <div class="link"></div> <div class="button"></div> </div> </div> <div class="horizontal-line"> <hr> </div> </div> </div><div class="theme-white"> <div class="lloyds-grid-container container body-content padding-top-True"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md col-lg-8 body sidenav-full-width-True"> <h2>Responding to our past</h2> <div class="body-text"><p id="isPasted">As we further examine Lloyd’s connections to slavery, we will continue to make our findings public, and will ensure that an honest account of our role in the slave trade is a part of the story we tell about Lloyd’s.</p><p>We also recognise that the legacy of slavery continues, evident in the racial inequality that persists to this day.</p><p>In November 2023, we launched Inclusive Futures: a programme of initiatives to respond to the legacy of slavery by helping Black and ethnically diverse individuals progress from the classroom to the boardroom.</p></div> <div class="link"></div> <div class="button"> <a class="cta-v2 primary solid normal icon-right ga-datalayer" href="/about-lloyds/culture/lloyds-market/diversity-and-inclusion/inclusive-futures" aria-label="" target="" onclick="" data-ga-category="" data-ga-action="" data-ga-label=""><img src="https://assets.lloyds.com/media/a8812e43-7402-46f2-8a0c-61d32c44c3b6/icon_white_arrow_right.svg">Explore the Inclusive Futures programme</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="container youtube-video"> <div class="youtube-video-wrapper"> <iframe id="ytplayer" type="text/html" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/UXtZKK2Ry9Q" frameborder="0"></iframe> </div> </div><div class="theme-white"> <div class="lloyds-grid-container container body-content padding-top-False"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md col-lg-8 body sidenav-full-width-True"> <h2></h2> <div class="body-text"></div> <div class="link"></div> <div class="button"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="theme-grey"> <div class="lloyds-grid-container container body-content padding-top-True"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 image"> <img src="https://assets.lloyds.com/media/7d95ec3e-91f2-4be2-b6ce-1d8f5fb7b5ea/SirFrankBowling.png" alt=""> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md col-lg-8 body sidenav-full-width-False"> <h2> Sir Frank Bowling</h2> <div class="body-text"><p>We are prominently displaying Sir Frank Bowling’s work ‘Empire Day Picture’, in the Lloyd’s Building in London, which encapsulates his ancestors journey through enslavement and empire to his own inspiring story of becoming one of the world’s leading painters.</p></div> <div class="link"></div> <div class="button"> <a class="cta-v2 primary solid normal icon-right ga-datalayer" href="/about-lloyds/history/the-trans-atlantic-slave-trade/sir-frank-bowling" aria-label="Read more about Sir Frank Bowling" target="" onclick="" data-ga-category="" data-ga-action="" data-ga-label=""><img src="https://assets.lloyds.com/media/a8812e43-7402-46f2-8a0c-61d32c44c3b6/icon_white_arrow_right.svg">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="theme-white"> <div class="lloyds-grid-container container body-content padding-top-True"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md col-lg-8 body sidenav-full-width-True"> <h2>Lloyd’s Corporate Archive</h2> <div class="body-text"><p>Lloyd’s Corporate Archive is freely accessible to the public. The catalogue of our Corporate Archive is available at the London Archives. Most of the collection dates from 1771, with some deeds dating back to 1585. Please note that the Captains’ Registers are held at the London Archives and the rest of the archive is available at the Guildhall Library.</p></div> <div class="link"> <a class="icon-right ga-datalayer" href="https://search.lma.gov.uk/scripts/mwimain.dll/144/LMA_OPAC/web_detail/REFD+CLC~2FB~2F148?SESSIONSEARCH" aria-label="London Archives website, opens in new tab" target="_new" onclick="" data-ga-category="" data-ga-action="" data-ga-label=""><img src="https://assets.lloyds.com/media/4a786fe3-54f7-4bb3-ba2e-a5e33e1f53e9/icon_blue_external.svg">The London Archives</a> <a class="icon-right ga-datalayer" href="https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/history-and-heritage/london-metropolitan-archives/visitor-information/opening-times-and-location" aria-label="Visiting the London Metropolitan Archives, opens in new tab" target="_new" onclick="" data-ga-category="" data-ga-action="" data-ga-label=""><img 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