CINXE.COM

Home | Notre Dame Law Review

<!doctype html> <!--[if lt IE 7 ]> <html class="no-js ie6" lang="en"> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 7 ]> <html class="no-js ie7" lang="en"> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 8 ]> <html class="no-js ie8" lang="en"> <![endif]--> <!--[if (gte IE 9)|!(IE)]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <!--<![endif]--> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <title> Home | Notre Dame Law Review </title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <!-- icons & favicons --> <!-- For iPhone 4 --> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/themes/ndlawreview/library/images/icons/h/apple-touch-icon.png"> <!-- For iPad 1--> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/themes/ndlawreview/library/images/icons/m/apple-touch-icon.png"> <!-- For iPhone 3G, iPod Touch and Android --> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/themes/ndlawreview/library/images/icons/l/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"> <!-- For Nokia --> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/themes/ndlawreview/library/images/icons/l/apple-touch-icon.png"> <!-- For everything else --> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/themes/ndlawreview/favicon.ico"> <!-- media-queries.js (fallback) --> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="http://css3-mediaqueries-js.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/css3-mediaqueries.js"></script> <![endif]--> <!-- html5.js --> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="http://html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script> <![endif]--> <link rel="pingback" href="https://ndlawreview.org/xmlrpc.php" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/themes/ndlawreview/library/css/style.css" media="screen" /> <style data-noprefix type="text/css">@import url("https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/themes/ndlawreview/library/webfonts/ss-social.css");</style> <style data-noprefix type="text/css">@import url("https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/themes/ndlawreview/library/webfonts/ss-standard.css");</style> <!-- wordpress head functions --> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//static.addtoany.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ND Law Review &raquo; Feed" href="https://ndlawreview.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ND Law Review &raquo; Comments Feed" href="https://ndlawreview.org/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ND Law Review &raquo; Home Comments Feed" href="https://ndlawreview.org/home/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/ndlawreview.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://ndlawreview.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=5.8.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-css' href='https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/eicons/css/elementor-icons.min.css?ver=5.23.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-frontend-css' href='https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/frontend-lite.min.css?ver=3.16.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='swiper-css' href='https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/swiper/css/swiper.min.css?ver=5.3.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-4023-css' href='https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-4023.css?ver=1695665665' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-global-css' href='https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/global.css?ver=1695665665' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='addtoany-css' href='https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/plugins/add-to-any/addtoany.min.css?ver=1.16' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='google-fonts-1-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic%7CRoboto+Slab%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic&#038;display=swap&#038;ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" crossorigin><script type="text/javascript" id="addtoany-core-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};a2a_config.callbacks=[];a2a_config.overlays=[];a2a_config.templates={}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" async src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" id="addtoany-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" async src="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/plugins/add-to-any/addtoany.min.js?ver=1.1" id="addtoany-jquery-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://ndlawreview.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ndlawreview.org/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://ndlawreview.org/' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F&#038;format=xml" /> <meta name="generator" content="Elementor 3.16.4; features: e_dom_optimization, e_optimized_assets_loading, e_optimized_css_loading, additional_custom_breakpoints; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-swap"> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> /* hardcoded design from unknown volume */ /* NAD 17NOV2022 */ div.staff-editors{ width: 50%; margin: 0 auto; } /* expands headers with article_header class */ /* NAD 17NOV2022 */ .article_header{ letter-spacing:1pt; } /* swaps logo for new one */ /* NAD 17NOV2022 */ #logo { background: url('http://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/NDLR_With_Crest_Expanded.png'); background-size: 280px auto; background-repeat: no-repeat; } /* FORMATTING FOR ARTICLE TEXT */ /* justifies text in posts */ /* and sets margins */ /* NAD 27JAN2023 */ div.blog .preview{ text-align: justify; margin-left:17%; margin-right:17%; } /* makes all tagged small-caps appear that way */ /* NAD 8JAN2023 */ .smallCapsText{ font-variant: small-caps; font-size:110% } /* adjusts margins on either side of fns */ /* NAD 8JAN2023 */ .ftnref{ margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; } /* adjust text on homepage to show symposium name & title */ /* Remove this block for non-Symposium Issues */ /* NAD 6JUL2023 */ .image-text{ margin-block-start: -140px; } #symposium-header{ font-size: 0.7em; /* note you have to use em for */ /* it to show up correct on mobile */ } #symposium-title{ font-size: 0.5em; } @media (max-width: 767px) { .subpage .page-image { height: 210px; } .subpage .page-image img { height: 100%; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 979px) { .menu li a { font-size: 0.9rem !important; } .menu > ul li.active ul.level-2 { top: 44px !important; } } </style> <!-- end of wordpress head --> <!-- Typekit --> <script type="text/javascript" src="//use.typekit.net/xzw7ujf.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">try{Typekit.load();}catch(e){}</script> <!-- Google Analytics --> <script> </script> </head> <body id="nd-law-review" class="home"> <header> <div class="brand-bar"> <div class="row"> <div class="large-12 columns"> <p>University <em>of</em> Notre Dame</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="logo-search row"> <div class="large-6 columns"> <h1 id="logo"><a class="ir" href="/">Notre Dame Law Review</a></h1> </div> <div class="large-6 columns"> <form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="https://ndlawreview.org/" method="get"> <input class="searchfield" id="search" name="s" placeholder="Search the site..." type="text"> <i class="ss-icon">Search</i> </form> </div> </div> <div class="nav-main clearfix"> <div class="row clearfix"> <div class="large-12 columns"> <!-- Main Navigation --> <a href="#menu" class="menu-link">Menu <i class="ss-icon ss-rows"></i></a> <nav id="menu" class="menu" role="navigation"> <ul class="level-1"> <li id="menu-item-4520" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-4520"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/about/history/">About</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-40" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-40"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/about/history/">History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-39" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-39"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/about/masthead/">Masthead</a></li> <li id="menu-item-38" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-38"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/about/membership/">Membership</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2757" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2757"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/about/diversity/">Diversity</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-4527" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-4527"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/publications/current-issue/">Print Volume</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-106" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-106"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/publications/current-issue/">Current Issue</a></li> <li id="menu-item-105" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-105"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/publications/archives/">Archives</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1339" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1339"><a href="http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr/">Repository</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-4528" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-4528"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/reflection/recently_published_content/">Reflection</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-4597" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4597"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/reflection/about/">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1778" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1778"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/reflection/recently_published_content/">Recently Published Content</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1797" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1797"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/reflection/archives/">Archives</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1841" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1841"><a href="http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr_online/">Repository</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-4529" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-4529"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/submissions/overview/">Submissions</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-46" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/submissions/overview/">Overview</a></li> <li id="menu-item-45" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/submissions/editing-policies/">Editing Policies</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-4530" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-4530"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/alumni/masthead-archive/">Alumni</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/alumni/masthead-archive/">Masthead Archive</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-4605" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-4605"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/volume-100-symposia/">Symposia</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-4613" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4613"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/volume-100-symposia/">Volume 100 Symposia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4534" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4534"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/publications/federal-courts-issue/">Federal Courts Symposium</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4533" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4533"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/symposium/">Archives</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-4531" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4531"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/centennial/">Centennial</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4831" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-4831"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/contact/contact-information-2/">Contact</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-4829" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4829"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/contact/contact-information-2/">Contact Information</a></li> <li id="menu-item-52" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-52"><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/contact/subscriptions/">Subscriptions</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <!-- .row --> </div> <!-- .nav-main --> </header> <!-- end header --> <style> /* This is a hack because we don't have full access to the theme. */ @media (max-width: 1000px) { .grid-wrapper { display: block; } .main-content { position: relative; padding-left: 0.9375em; padding-right: 0.9375em; float: left; } } @media (min-width: 1001px) { .grid-wrapper { grid-template-columns: repeat(1, minmax(0, 1fr)); display: grid; max-width: 1000px; } .grid-cols { border-width: 0 !important; padding: 1rem; position: relative; } .cta_btn { position: absolute; bottom: 0px; right: 0; } .main-content { width: auto; margin-left: -0.9375em; margin-right: -0.9375em; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; max-width: none; } } p.image-text { text-align: center; } .addtoany_share_save_container.addtoany_content_top { display: none; } /* Really nasty CSS hack because we don't have access to the full theme */ p.author { display: none; } p.author.xp { display: block; font-family: "adobe-garamond-pro", Georgia, Times, serif; } .recent-reflections { background-color: #002b5b; width: 100%; padding: 40px; margin-top: 40px; } .reflections-title { color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-family: "adobe-garamond-pro", Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 2.5em; /* letter-spacing: 0.2em; */ } .home .page-image { /* max-height: none; */ } .reflections-title i { font-size: 100%; } .reflection-post h4{ font-family: "adobe-garamond-pro", Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; } .reflection-post h4 a{ color: #465510; } .reflection-post p{ font-family: "adobe-garamond-pro", Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1em; color: #9c9c9c; margin: 0.25em 0; } .reflection-post { background: #f1f1f1; padding: 20px; margin-top: 20px; } .grid-cols h3 { position: relative; display: flex; color: #5aabbc; text-decoration: none; } .grid-cols h3:hover { text-decoration: underline; } .block-url { position: absolute; width: 100%; height: 100%; z-index: 1; } </style> <div class="container"> <div id="main" class="row home" role="main"> <div class="page-image"> <span class="gradient"></span> <img src="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/MC-10.21.22-Dome-Fall-Scenic-01-scaled.jpg" alt=""> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="large-12 columns"> <p class="image-text"><span id="symposium-header">Notre Dame Law Review</span><br><span id="symposium-title">Volume 99, Issue 5</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="main-content"> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_top"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_16 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://ndlawreview.org/" data-a2a-title="Home"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F&amp;linkname=Home" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_x" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/x?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F&amp;linkname=Home" title="X" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_email" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/email?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F&amp;linkname=Home" title="Email" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/copy_link?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F&amp;linkname=Home" title="Copy Link" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a></div></div> <p class="author"><em>98 Notre Dame L. Rev. 1849–2342 (2023)</em></p> <p></p> <div class="grid-wrapper"> <section class="clearfix article grid-cols"> <h3> Non–Article III Federal Tribunals: An Essay on the Relation Between Theory and Practice <a class="block-url" href="https://ndlawreview.org/2024/10/non-article-iii-federal-tribunals-an-essay-on-the-relation-between-theory-and-practice/"></a> </h3> <p class="author xp"><strong>Richard H. Fallon, Jr.</strong>, <em>99 Notre Dame L. Rev. 1691 (2024)</em></p> <!-- <div class="preview"> </div> --> <a href="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/NDLR_99.1691_Fallon.pdf" target="_blank" class="button cta_btn">View PDF</a> </section> <section class="clearfix article grid-cols"> <h3> The Seventh Amendment Right to Jury Trial in the Administrative State: Recognizing the Dangers of the Constitutional Moment <a class="block-url" href="https://ndlawreview.org/2024/10/the-seventh-amendment-right-to-jury-trial-in-the-administrative-state-recognizing-the-dangers-of-the-constitutional-moment/"></a> </h3> <p class="author xp"><strong>Martin H. Redish & Samy Abdelsalam</strong>, <em>99 Notre Dame L. Rev. 1743 (2024)</em></p> <!-- <div class="preview"> </div> --> <a href="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/NDLR_99.1743_RedishAbdelsalam.pdf" target="_blank" class="button cta_btn">View PDF</a> </section> <section class="clearfix article grid-cols"> <h3> The Public/Private Rights Critics <a class="block-url" href="https://ndlawreview.org/2024/10/the-public-private-rights-critics/"></a> </h3> <p class="author xp"><strong>Ann Woolhandler & Michael G. Collins </strong>, <em>99 Notre Dame L. Rev. 1779 (2024)</em></p> <!-- <div class="preview"> </div> --> <a href="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/NDLR_99.1779_WoolhandlerCollins.pdf" target="_blank" class="button cta_btn">View PDF</a> </section> </div> <div class="recent-reflections"> <h4 class="reflections-title"> <i>Notre Dame Law Review Reflection</i> </h4> </div> <!-- <h2>News &amp; Events</h2> --> <div class="reflection-post"><h4><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/2024/08/public-employees-as-a-reflection-of-a-religiously-diverse-culture/">Public Employees as a Reflection of a Religiously Diverse Culture</a></h4><p><div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_top"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_16 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://ndlawreview.org/2024/08/public-employees-as-a-reflection-of-a-religiously-diverse-culture/" data-a2a-title="Public Employees as a Reflection of a Religiously Diverse Culture"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Fpublic-employees-as-a-reflection-of-a-religiously-diverse-culture%2F&amp;linkname=Public%20Employees%20as%20a%20Reflection%20of%20a%20Religiously%20Diverse%20Culture" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_x" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/x?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Fpublic-employees-as-a-reflection-of-a-religiously-diverse-culture%2F&amp;linkname=Public%20Employees%20as%20a%20Reflection%20of%20a%20Religiously%20Diverse%20Culture" title="X" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_email" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/email?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Fpublic-employees-as-a-reflection-of-a-religiously-diverse-culture%2F&amp;linkname=Public%20Employees%20as%20a%20Reflection%20of%20a%20Religiously%20Diverse%20Culture" title="Email" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/copy_link?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Fpublic-employees-as-a-reflection-of-a-religiously-diverse-culture%2F&amp;linkname=Public%20Employees%20as%20a%20Reflection%20of%20a%20Religiously%20Diverse%20Culture" title="Copy Link" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a></div></div><p><b>Steven T. Collis,</b> <em>99 Notre Dame L. Rev. Reflection 229 (2024)</em></p> </p></div><div class="reflection-post"><h4><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/2024/08/thoughts-on-the-architecture-of-freedom-of-religion-and-freedom-of-speech/">Thoughts on the Architecture of Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Speech</a></h4><p><div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_top"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_16 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://ndlawreview.org/2024/08/thoughts-on-the-architecture-of-freedom-of-religion-and-freedom-of-speech/" data-a2a-title="Thoughts on the Architecture of Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Speech"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Fthoughts-on-the-architecture-of-freedom-of-religion-and-freedom-of-speech%2F&amp;linkname=Thoughts%20on%20the%20Architecture%20of%20Freedom%20of%20Religion%20and%20Freedom%20of%20Speech" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_x" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/x?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Fthoughts-on-the-architecture-of-freedom-of-religion-and-freedom-of-speech%2F&amp;linkname=Thoughts%20on%20the%20Architecture%20of%20Freedom%20of%20Religion%20and%20Freedom%20of%20Speech" title="X" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_email" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/email?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Fthoughts-on-the-architecture-of-freedom-of-religion-and-freedom-of-speech%2F&amp;linkname=Thoughts%20on%20the%20Architecture%20of%20Freedom%20of%20Religion%20and%20Freedom%20of%20Speech" title="Email" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/copy_link?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Fthoughts-on-the-architecture-of-freedom-of-religion-and-freedom-of-speech%2F&amp;linkname=Thoughts%20on%20the%20Architecture%20of%20Freedom%20of%20Religion%20and%20Freedom%20of%20Speech" title="Copy Link" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a></div></div><p><b>Perry Dane,</b> <em>99 Notre Dame L. Rev. Reflection 247 (2024)</em></p> </p></div><div class="reflection-post"><h4><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/2024/08/first-amendment-imbalance-kennedy-v-bremerton-school-district/">First Amendment Imbalance: Kennedy v. Bremerton School District</a></h4><p><div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_top"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_16 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://ndlawreview.org/2024/08/first-amendment-imbalance-kennedy-v-bremerton-school-district/" data-a2a-title="First Amendment Imbalance: Kennedy v. Bremerton School District"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Ffirst-amendment-imbalance-kennedy-v-bremerton-school-district%2F&amp;linkname=First%20Amendment%20Imbalance%3A%20Kennedy%20v.%20Bremerton%20School%20District" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_x" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/x?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Ffirst-amendment-imbalance-kennedy-v-bremerton-school-district%2F&amp;linkname=First%20Amendment%20Imbalance%3A%20Kennedy%20v.%20Bremerton%20School%20District" title="X" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_email" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/email?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Ffirst-amendment-imbalance-kennedy-v-bremerton-school-district%2F&amp;linkname=First%20Amendment%20Imbalance%3A%20Kennedy%20v.%20Bremerton%20School%20District" title="Email" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/copy_link?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Ffirst-amendment-imbalance-kennedy-v-bremerton-school-district%2F&amp;linkname=First%20Amendment%20Imbalance%3A%20Kennedy%20v.%20Bremerton%20School%20District" title="Copy Link" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a></div></div><p><b>Steven K. Green,</b> <em>99 Notre Dame L. Rev. Reflection 269 (2024)</em></p> </p></div><div class="reflection-post"><h4><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/2024/08/ordinary-conscience-and-pretend-offenses-protecting-those-left-out-of-title-vii-after-groff/">Ordinary Conscience and Pretend Offenses: Protecting Those Left Out of Title VII After Groff</a></h4><p><div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_top"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_16 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://ndlawreview.org/2024/08/ordinary-conscience-and-pretend-offenses-protecting-those-left-out-of-title-vii-after-groff/" data-a2a-title="Ordinary Conscience and Pretend Offenses: Protecting Those Left Out of Title VII After Groff"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Fordinary-conscience-and-pretend-offenses-protecting-those-left-out-of-title-vii-after-groff%2F&amp;linkname=Ordinary%20Conscience%20and%20Pretend%20Offenses%3A%20Protecting%20Those%20Left%20Out%20of%20Title%20VII%20After%20Groff" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_x" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/x?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Fordinary-conscience-and-pretend-offenses-protecting-those-left-out-of-title-vii-after-groff%2F&amp;linkname=Ordinary%20Conscience%20and%20Pretend%20Offenses%3A%20Protecting%20Those%20Left%20Out%20of%20Title%20VII%20After%20Groff" title="X" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_email" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/email?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Fordinary-conscience-and-pretend-offenses-protecting-those-left-out-of-title-vii-after-groff%2F&amp;linkname=Ordinary%20Conscience%20and%20Pretend%20Offenses%3A%20Protecting%20Those%20Left%20Out%20of%20Title%20VII%20After%20Groff" title="Email" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/copy_link?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Fordinary-conscience-and-pretend-offenses-protecting-those-left-out-of-title-vii-after-groff%2F&amp;linkname=Ordinary%20Conscience%20and%20Pretend%20Offenses%3A%20Protecting%20Those%20Left%20Out%20of%20Title%20VII%20After%20Groff" title="Copy Link" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a></div></div><p><b>Robin Fretwell Wilson &#038; Michael J. Petersen,</b> <em>99 Notre Dame L. Rev. Reflection 289 (2024)</em></p> </p></div><div class="reflection-post"><h4><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/2024/08/cleaning-the-mess-of-303-creative-v-elenis/">Cleaning the Mess of 303 Creative v. Elenis</a></h4><p><div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_top"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_16 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://ndlawreview.org/2024/08/cleaning-the-mess-of-303-creative-v-elenis/" data-a2a-title="Cleaning the Mess of 303 Creative v. Elenis"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Fcleaning-the-mess-of-303-creative-v-elenis%2F&amp;linkname=Cleaning%20the%20Mess%20of%20303%20Creative%20v.%20Elenis" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_x" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/x?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Fcleaning-the-mess-of-303-creative-v-elenis%2F&amp;linkname=Cleaning%20the%20Mess%20of%20303%20Creative%20v.%20Elenis" title="X" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_email" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/email?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Fcleaning-the-mess-of-303-creative-v-elenis%2F&amp;linkname=Cleaning%20the%20Mess%20of%20303%20Creative%20v.%20Elenis" title="Email" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/copy_link?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Fcleaning-the-mess-of-303-creative-v-elenis%2F&amp;linkname=Cleaning%20the%20Mess%20of%20303%20Creative%20v.%20Elenis" title="Copy Link" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a></div></div><p><b>Netta Barak-Corren,</b> <em>99 Notre Dame L. Rev. Reflection 331 (2024)</em></p> </p></div><div class="reflection-post"><h4><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/2024/08/resolving-land-use-conflicts-without-zoning/">Resolving Land Use Conflicts Without Zoning</a></h4><p><div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_top"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_16 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://ndlawreview.org/2024/08/resolving-land-use-conflicts-without-zoning/" data-a2a-title="Resolving Land Use Conflicts Without Zoning"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Fresolving-land-use-conflicts-without-zoning%2F&amp;linkname=Resolving%20Land%20Use%20Conflicts%20Without%20Zoning" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_x" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/x?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Fresolving-land-use-conflicts-without-zoning%2F&amp;linkname=Resolving%20Land%20Use%20Conflicts%20Without%20Zoning" title="X" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_email" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/email?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Fresolving-land-use-conflicts-without-zoning%2F&amp;linkname=Resolving%20Land%20Use%20Conflicts%20Without%20Zoning" title="Email" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/copy_link?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Fresolving-land-use-conflicts-without-zoning%2F&amp;linkname=Resolving%20Land%20Use%20Conflicts%20Without%20Zoning" title="Copy Link" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a></div></div><p><b>Noah Austin,</b> <em>99 Notre Dame L. Rev. Reflection 349 (2024)</em></p> </p></div><div class="reflection-post"><h4><a href="https://ndlawreview.org/2024/08/toxic-discretion-environmental-inequality-and-the-discretionary-function-exception/">Toxic Discretion: Environmental Inequality and the Discretionary Function Exception</a></h4><p><div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_top"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_16 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://ndlawreview.org/2024/08/toxic-discretion-environmental-inequality-and-the-discretionary-function-exception/" data-a2a-title="Toxic Discretion: Environmental Inequality and the Discretionary Function Exception"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Ftoxic-discretion-environmental-inequality-and-the-discretionary-function-exception%2F&amp;linkname=Toxic%20Discretion%3A%20Environmental%20Inequality%20and%20the%20Discretionary%20Function%20Exception" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_x" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/x?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Ftoxic-discretion-environmental-inequality-and-the-discretionary-function-exception%2F&amp;linkname=Toxic%20Discretion%3A%20Environmental%20Inequality%20and%20the%20Discretionary%20Function%20Exception" title="X" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_email" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/email?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Ftoxic-discretion-environmental-inequality-and-the-discretionary-function-exception%2F&amp;linkname=Toxic%20Discretion%3A%20Environmental%20Inequality%20and%20the%20Discretionary%20Function%20Exception" title="Email" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_copy_link" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/copy_link?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fndlawreview.org%2F2024%2F08%2Ftoxic-discretion-environmental-inequality-and-the-discretionary-function-exception%2F&amp;linkname=Toxic%20Discretion%3A%20Environmental%20Inequality%20and%20the%20Discretionary%20Function%20Exception" title="Copy Link" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a></div></div><p><b>Sarah E. Barritt,</b> <em>99 Notre Dame L. Rev. Reflection 375 (2024)</em></p> </p></div> </div> </div> <!-- #main --> </div> <!-- .container --> <footer class="clearfix"> <div class="row"> <div class="large-8 columns"> <p>Copyright &copy; 2024 <a href="http://nd.edu/">University of Notre Dame</a> <a href="http://ndlawreview.org/">The Notre Dame Law Review</a> <a href="https://law.nd.edu/">The Law School</a></p><p><a href="https://twitter.com/NotreDameLRev" class="twitter-follow-button" data-show-count="false" data-dnt="true">Follow @NotreDameLRev</a> <script>!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs');</script></p> <p class="footnote"> Individuals and nonprofit institutions may reproduce and distribute copies of the articles found on this website in any format, at or below cost, for educational purposes, so long as each copy identifies the author(s), provides a citation to the Notre Dame Law Review, and includes this provision and copyright notice. </p> </div> <div class="large-2 columns"> <img src="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/themes/ndlawreview/assets/logo-nd.png" alt="University of Notre Dame"> </div> </div> </footer> <script> jQuery('.menu > ul.level-1 > li.menu-item-has-children > a').click(function() { window.location.href = $(this).attr('href'); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=6.6.1" id="comment-reply-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=5.8.2" id="swv-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="contact-form-7-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7 = {"api":{"root":"https:\/\/ndlawreview.org\/wp-json\/","namespace":"contact-form-7\/v1"},"cached":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=5.8.2" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.0/jquery.min.js"></script> <script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/themes/ndlawreview/js/vendor/jquery-1.8.0.min.js"><\/script>')</script> <script src="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/themes/ndlawreview/library/js/plugins-min.js"></script> <script src="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/themes/ndlawreview/library/js/script-min.js"></script> <script data-noprefix src="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/themes/ndlawreview/library/webfonts/ss-social.js"></script> <script data-noprefix src="https://ndlawreview.org/wp-content/themes/ndlawreview/library/webfonts/ss-standard.js"></script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10