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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_och_budget" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_och_budget"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Personal och budget</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_och_budget-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Problem_och_kontroverser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Problem_och_kontroverser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Problem och kontroverser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Problem_och_kontroverser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publikationer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publikationer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Publikationer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publikationer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 41 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7" title="مراكز السيطرة على الأمراض والوقاية منها – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مراكز السيطرة على الأمراض والوقاية منها" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centros_pal_Control_y_Prevenci%C3%B3n_d%27Enfermedaes" title="Centros pal Control y Prevención d'Enfermedaes – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Centros pal Control y Prevención d'Enfermedaes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AD-kok_Chi%CC%8Dt-p%C4%93%E2%81%BF_K%C3%B3an-ch%C3%A8_kah_%C4%AA-h%C3%B4ng_Tiong-sim" title="Bí-kok Chi̍t-pēⁿ Kóan-chè kah Ī-hông Tiong-sim – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bí-kok Chi̍t-pēⁿ Kóan-chè kah Ī-hông Tiong-sim" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Център за контрол и превенция на заболяванията – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Център за контрол и превенция на заболяванията" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centres_per_al_Control_i_Prevenci%C3%B3_de_Malalties" title="Centres per al Control i Prevenció de Malalties – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Centres per al Control i Prevenció de Malalties" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiguste_Kontrolli_ja_T%C3%B5rje_Keskus" title="Haiguste Kontrolli ja Tõrje Keskus – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Haiguste Kontrolli ja Tõrje Keskus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%B3%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%88%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%83%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Κέντρα Ελέγχου και Πρόληψης Ασθενειών – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κέντρα Ελέγχου και Πρόληψης Ασθενειών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centros_para_el_Control_y_Prevenci%C3%B3n_de_Enfermedades" title="Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centroj_por_Kontrolo_kaj_Preventado_de_Malsanoj" title="Centroj por Kontrolo kaj Preventado de Malsanoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Centroj por Kontrolo kaj Preventado de Malsanoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2_%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%88_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="مرکز کنترل و پیشگیری از بیماری (ایالات متحده) – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مرکز کنترل و پیشگیری از بیماری (ایالات متحده)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centres_pour_le_contr%C3%B4le_et_la_pr%C3%A9vention_des_maladies" title="Centres pour le contrôle et la prévention des maladies – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Centres pour le contrôle et la prévention des maladies" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhi%CC%8Dt-phiang_Kh%C3%BAng-ch%E1%B9%B3_l%C3%A2u_Yi-f%C3%B2ng_Ch%C3%BBng-s%C3%AEm" title="Chhi̍t-phiang Khúng-chṳ lâu Yi-fòng Chûng-sîm – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhi̍t-phiang Khúng-chṳ lâu Yi-fòng Chûng-sîm" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EC%A7%88%EB%B3%91%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C%EC%98%88%EB%B0%A9%EC%84%BC%ED%84%B0" title="미국 질병통제예방센터 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 질병통제예방센터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusat_Pengendalian_dan_Pencegahan_Penyakit_Amerika_Serikat" title="Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit Amerika Serikat – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%9F" title="המרכזים לבקרת מחלות ומניעתן – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המרכזים לבקרת מחלות ומניעתן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="സെന്റേർസ് ഫോർ ഡിസീസ് കൺട്രോൾ ആൻഡ് പ്രിവൻഷൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സെന്റേർസ് ഫോർ ഡിസീസ് കൺട്രോൾ ആൻഡ് പ്രിവൻഷൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusat_Kawalan_dan_Pencegahan_Penyakit" title="Pusat Kawalan dan Pencegahan Penyakit – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pusat Kawalan dan Pencegahan Penyakit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB%E1%80%91%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ရောဂါထိန်းချုပ်ရေးနှင့်ကာကွယ်ရေးစင်တာများ – burmesiska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရောဂါထိန်းချုပ်ရေးနှင့်ကာကွယ်ရေးစင်တာများ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E4%BA%88%E9%98%B2%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="アメリカ疾病予防管理センター – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ疾病予防管理センター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centros_de_Controle_e_Preven%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Doen%C3%A7as" title="Centros de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Centros de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrul_pentru_Prevenirea_%C8%99i_Controlul_Bolilor_(SUA)" title="Centrul pentru Prevenirea și Controlul Bolilor (SUA) – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Centrul pentru Prevenirea și Controlul Bolilor (SUA)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Центры по контролю и профилактике заболеваний США – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Центры по контролю и профилактике заболеваний США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macluumaadka_Dhibaatooyinka_iyo_Halista_Sare_ee_Cudurada" title="Macluumaadka Dhibaatooyinka iyo Halista Sare ee Cudurada – somaliska" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Macluumaadka Dhibaatooyinka iyo Halista Sare ee Cudurada" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_tautikeskus" title="Yhdysvaltain tautikeskus – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain tautikeskus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammasen_i_wsen%C9%A3ed_d_tes%C9%A3ilt_%C9%A3ef_wa%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADanen" title="Ammasen i wsenɣed d tesɣilt ɣef waṭṭanen – kabyliska" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ammasen i wsenɣed d tesɣilt ɣef waṭṭanen" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" title="ศูนย์ควบคุมโรคติดต่อสหรัฐ – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศูนย์ควบคุมโรคติดต่อสหรัฐ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hastal%C4%B1k_Kontrol_ve_Korunma_Merkezleri" title="Hastalık Kontrol ve Korunma Merkezleri – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hastalık Kontrol ve Korunma Merkezleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Центри з контролю та профілактики захворювань у США – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Центри з контролю та профілактики захворювань у США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%BA_%D8%B3%DB%92_%D8%A8%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2" title="بیماریوں سے بچاؤ اور انسداد کے مرکز – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بیماریوں سے بچاؤ اور انسداد 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/CDC_logo_2024.svg/220px-CDC_logo_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/CDC_logo_2024.svg/330px-CDC_logo_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/CDC_logo_2024.svg/440px-CDC_logo_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="264" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</b> (CDC) är <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>:s nationella <a href="/wiki/Folkh%C3%A4lsa" title="Folkhälsa">folkhälsomyndighet</a> med huvudkontor i <a href="/wiki/DeKalb_County,_Georgia" title="DeKalb County, Georgia">DeKalb County</a> några kilometer nordost om <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a> i <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a>. Internationellt är CDC kanske mest känt för sitt arbete med <a href="/wiki/Smittskydd" title="Smittskydd">smittskydd</a>, men arbetar också inom en rad andra områden med att skydda folkhälsan genom att förebygga sjukdom, skador och handikapp. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:CDC_HDR_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/CDC_HDR_I.jpg/220px-CDC_HDR_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/CDC_HDR_I.jpg/330px-CDC_HDR_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/CDC_HDR_I.jpg/440px-CDC_HDR_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2557" data-file-height="1914" /></a><figcaption>CDC:s huvudbyggnad i <a href="/wiki/Druid_Hills" title="Druid Hills">Druid Hills</a>, sedd från <a href="/wiki/Emory_University" title="Emory University">Emory University</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Influenza_virus_research.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Influenza_virus_research.jpg/220px-Influenza_virus_research.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Influenza_virus_research.jpg/330px-Influenza_virus_research.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Influenza_virus_research.jpg/440px-Influenza_virus_research.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1966" data-file-height="2786" /></a><figcaption>En av CDC:s <a href="/wiki/Mikrobiolog" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikrobiolog">mikrobiologer</a> undersöker influensavirus liknande det som orsakade <a href="/wiki/Spanska_sjukan" title="Spanska sjukan">spanska sjukan</a> 1918. Laboratorium med <a href="/wiki/Biologisk_skyddsniv%C3%A5" title="Biologisk skyddsnivå">skyddsnivå 3</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:David_J._Sencer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/David_J._Sencer.png/220px-David_J._Sencer.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/David_J._Sencer.png/330px-David_J._Sencer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/David_J._Sencer.png/440px-David_J._Sencer.png 2x" data-file-width="2839" data-file-height="2269" /></a><figcaption>David Sencer, CDC:s chef 1966-1977, pekar på en bild av <i><a href="/wiki/Triatoma" title="Triatoma">Triatomine sp</a>.</i> som är <a href="/wiki/Vektor_(epidemiologi)" title="Vektor (epidemiologi)">vektor</a> för <a href="/wiki/Chagas_sjukdom" title="Chagas sjukdom">Chagas sjukdom</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Myndigheten grundades 1946 som efterföljare till ett program för kontroll av <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> i krigsområden som drevs under <a href="/wiki/Andra_v%C3%A4rldskriget" title="Andra världskriget">andra världskriget</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8955706_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8955706-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Budgeten var runt en miljon dollar och huvuddelen av personalen arbetade med bekämpning av <a href="/wiki/Malariamyggor" title="Malariamyggor">malariamyggor</a>. Atlanta valdes som huvudort eftersom det ligger centralt i den amerikanska <a href="/wiki/Sydstaterna" title="Sydstaterna">södern</a> där malaria fortfarande var en <a href="/wiki/Endemi" title="Endemi">endemisk</a> sjukdom på 1940-talet.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under CDC:s första år behandlades mer än 6,5 miljoner amerikanska hushåll med <a href="/wiki/DDT" class="mw-redirect" title="DDT">DDT</a> mot malariamyggor. <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Woodruff" title="Robert W. Woodruff">Robert W. Woodruff</a> som var styrelseordförande vid <a href="/wiki/Coca_Cola" class="mw-redirect" title="Coca Cola">Coca Cola</a> fattade intresse för malariabekämpning bland annat för att sjukdomen plågade hans jaktmarker och gav en donation till CDC som då kunde förvärva ett markområde nära <a href="/wiki/Emory_University" title="Emory University">Emory University</a> där huvudkontoret fortfarande ligger.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8955706_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8955706-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arbetsområdet utvidgades senare till att omfatta <a href="/wiki/Veneriska_sjukdomar" class="mw-redirect" title="Veneriska sjukdomar">veneriska sjukdomar</a> och <a href="/wiki/Tuberkulos" title="Tuberkulos">tuberkulos</a>. Idag arbetar man inom en lång rad områden som <a href="/wiki/Kronisk_sjukdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kronisk sjukdom">kroniska sjukdomar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funktionsneds%C3%A4ttning" title="Funktionsnedsättning">funktionsnedsättning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olycksfall" class="mw-redirect" title="Olycksfall">olycksfall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milj%C3%B6medicin" title="Miljömedicin">miljömedicin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arbetsmilj%C3%B6" title="Arbetsmiljö">arbetsmiljörisker</a>, beredskap mot <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a> m.m. </p><p>CDC bekämpar nya, framväxande sjukdomar och hälsorisker som <a href="/wiki/Antibiotikaresistens" title="Antibiotikaresistens">antibiotikaresistens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missbildningar" class="mw-redirect" title="Missbildningar">missbildningar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fetma" title="Fetma">fetma</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A5gelinfluensa" title="Fågelinfluensa">fågelinfluensa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svininfluensa" title="Svininfluensa">svininfluensa</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4stnilfeber" class="mw-redirect" title="Västnilfeber">västnilfeber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebolafeber" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebolafeber">ebolafeber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denguefeber" title="Denguefeber">denguefeber</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">bioterrorism</a> m.m. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_och_budget">Personal och budget</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Personal och budget" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Personal och budget"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Budgeten för 2014 var 6,9 miljarder dollar. Personalstyrkan var 2008 ca 15 000 personer (inhyrd personal och kontraktsanställda inräknade). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Problem_och_kontroverser">Problem och kontroverser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Problem och kontroverser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Problem och kontroverser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Från 1957 till 1972 hade CDC kontroll över den beryktade <a href="/wiki/Tuskegee-studien_av_syfilis" title="Tuskegee-studien av syfilis">Tuskegee-studien av syfilis</a> i <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> som hade startats 1932 av <a href="/wiki/U.S._Public_Health_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Public Health Service">U.S. Public Health Service</a>. I studien ville man undersöka hur obehandlad <a href="/wiki/Syfilis" title="Syfilis">syfilis</a> utvecklades och underlät därför avsiktligt att erbjuda <a href="/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin">penicillin</a> till deltagarna, trots att man redan 1947 visste att penicillin hjälper mot syfilis. Framför allt svarta män drabbades.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDCTime_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDCTime-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I maj 1994 medgav CDC att man mellan 1984 och 1989 skickat preparat som var användbara som <a href="/wiki/Biologiska_vapen" title="Biologiska vapen">biologiska stridsmedel</a> till den <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">irakiska</a> regimen, bland annat <a href="/wiki/Botulinumtoxin" title="Botulinumtoxin">botulinumtoxin</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Yersinia_pestis" title="Yersinia pestis">Yersinia pestis</a></i> och <a href="/wiki/Denguevirus" title="Denguevirus">denguevirus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publikationer">Publikationer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Publikationer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Publikationer"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>CDC:s publikationer<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>CDC:s program i korthet<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report</i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Emerging Infectious Diseases</i> (månadsjournal)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pmid8955706-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-pmid8955706_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid8955706_1-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFParascandola_J">Parascandola J (November–December 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1381908">”From MCWA to CDC—origins of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention”</a>. <i>Public Health Reports</i> 111 (6): sid. 549–51. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8955706?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:8955706">PMID 8955706</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=From+MCWA+to+CDC%E2%80%94origins+of+the+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Reports&rft.aulast=Parascandola+J&rft.au=Parascandola+J&rft.date=November%E2%80%93December+1996&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B549%E2%80%9351&rft_id=info:pmid/8955706&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFDivision_of_Parasitic_Diseases">Division of Parasitic Diseases (8 februari 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/history/index.htm#mcwa">”Malaria Control in War Areas (1942–1945)”</a>. <i><span>The History of Malaria, an Ancient Disease (2004)</span></i>. <a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a>: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/history/index.htm#mcwa">http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/history/index.htm#mcwa</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 21 mars 2011</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Malaria+Control+in+War+Areas+%281942%E2%80%931945%29&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Malaria%2C+an+Ancient+Disease+%282004%29&rft.aulast=Division+of+Parasitic+Diseases&rft.au=Division+of+Parasitic+Diseases&rft.date=8+februari+2010&rft.place=%5B%5BAtlanta%2C+Georgia%5D%5D&rft.pub=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fmalaria%2Fhistory%2Findex.htm%23mcwa&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFKatz_RVKegeles_SSKressin_NRGreen2006">Katz RV; Kegeles SS; Kressin NR; Green, B. Lee; Wang, Min Qi; James, Sherman A.; Russell, Stefanie Luise; Claudio, Cristina (November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1780164">”The Tuskegee Legacy Project: Willingness of Minorities to Participate in Biomedical Research”</a>. <i>J Health Care Poor Underserved</i> 17 (4): sid. 698–715. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1353%2Fhpu.2006.0126">10.1353/hpu.2006.0126</a></span>. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17242525?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:17242525">PMID 17242525</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Tuskegee+Legacy+Project%3A+Willingness+of+Minorities+to+Participate+in+Biomedical+Research&rft.jtitle=J+Health+Care+Poor+Underserved&rft.aulast=Katz+RV&rft.au=Katz+RV&rft.au=Kegeles+SS&rft.au=Kressin+NR&rft.au=Green%2C+B.+Lee&rft.au=Wang%2C+Min+Qi&rft.au=James%2C+Sherman+A.&rft.au=Russell%2C+Stefanie+Luise&rft.au=Claudio%2C+Cristina&rft.date=November+2006&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B698%E2%80%93715&rft_id=info:doi/10.1353%2Fhpu.2006.0126&rft_id=info:pmid/17242525&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDCTime-4"><a href="#cite_ref-CDCTime_4-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/tuskegee/timeline.htm">”U.S. Public Health Service Syphilis Study at Tuskegee”</a>. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 15 juni 2011<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cdc.gov/tuskegee/timeline.htm">http://www.cdc.gov/tuskegee/timeline.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 7 juli 2010</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=U.S.+Public+Health+Service+Syphilis+Study+at+Tuskegee&rft.atitle=&rft.date=15+juni+2011&rft.pub=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Ftuskegee%2Ftimeline.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text">"The eleventh plague: the politics of biological and chemical warfare" (pp. 84-86) by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leonardcole.com">Leonard A. Cole</a> (1993)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/Publications">”CDC – Publications”</a>. CDC – National Center for Disease Control and Prevention<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cdc.gov/Publications">http://www.cdc.gov/Publications</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 10 oktober 2012</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=CDC+%E2%80%93+Publications&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=CDC+%E2%80%93+National+Center+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2FPublications&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060718013207/http://www.cdc.gov/programs">”Programs in Brief: Home Page”</a>. CDC – National Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/programs">originalet</a> den juli 18, 2006<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060718013207/http://www.cdc.gov/programs">https://web.archive.org/web/20060718013207/http://www.cdc.gov/programs</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 10 augusti 2006</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Programs+in+Brief%3A+Home+Page&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=CDC+%E2%80%93+National+Center+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20060718013207%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fprograms&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr">”Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report”</a>. CDC – National Center for Disease Control and Prevention<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr">http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 10 oktober 2012</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Morbidity+and+Mortality+Weekly+Report&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=CDC+%E2%80%93+National+Center+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fmmwr&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/pages/about.htm">”Emerging Infectious Diseases”</a>. CDC – National Center for Disease Control and Prevention<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/pages/about.htm">http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/pages/about.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 10 oktober 2012</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=CDC+%E2%80%93+National+Center+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwwwnc.cdc.gov%2Feid%2Fpages%2Fabout.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a 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