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id="toc-Marriage_to_Akbar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_advancement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_advancement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Family advancement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_advancement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion,_style_and_birth_of_children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion,_style_and_birth_of_children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Religion, style and birth of children </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religion,_style_and_birth_of_children-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Religion, style and birth of children subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Religion,_style_and_birth_of_children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Birth_of_twins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birth_of_twins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Birth of twins </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birth_of_twins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birth_of_Prince_Salim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birth_of_Prince_Salim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Birth of Prince Salim </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birth_of_Prince_Salim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_Empress_of_Hindustan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_Empress_of_Hindustan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 As Empress of Hindustan </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-As_Empress_of_Hindustan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle As Empress of Hindustan subsection </button> <ul id="toc-As_Empress_of_Hindustan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jahangir's_relationship_with_his_mother" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jahangir's_relationship_with_his_mother"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Jahangir's relationship with his mother </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jahangir's_relationship_with_his_mother-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Powers_and_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Powers_and_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Powers and influence </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Powers_and_influence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Powers and influence subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Powers_and_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Khusrau's_affair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Khusrau's_affair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Khusrau's affair </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Khusrau's_affair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_an_entrepreneur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_an_entrepreneur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 As an entrepreneur </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-As_an_entrepreneur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle As an entrepreneur subsection </button> <ul id="toc-As_an_entrepreneur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-East_India_Company" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_India_Company"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 East India Company </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_India_Company-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conflict_with_the_Portuguese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflict_with_the_Portuguese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Conflict with the Portuguese </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflict_with_the_Portuguese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post_Rahimi_Business_Activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post_Rahimi_Business_Activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Post Rahimi Business Activities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post_Rahimi_Business_Activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patron_of_art_and_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patron_of_art_and_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Patron of art and architecture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Patron_of_art_and_architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Patron of art and architecture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Patron_of_art_and_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Begum_Shahi_Mosque" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Begum_Shahi_Mosque"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Begum Shahi Mosque </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Begum_Shahi_Mosque-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mariam-uz-Zamani's_Baoli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mariam-uz-Zamani's_Baoli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Mariam-uz-Zamani's Baoli </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mariam-uz-Zamani's_Baoli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Issue </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 In popular culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle In popular culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Films_and_TV_serials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films_and_TV_serials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Films and TV serials </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films_and_TV_serials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Mariam-uz-Zamani</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" > 32 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariam-uz-Zamani" title="Mariam-uz-Zamani – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mariam-uz-Zamani" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="جودا باي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جودا باي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="جودا بای – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جودا بای" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="জোধাবাই – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জোধাবাই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariam_uz-Zamani" title="Mariam uz-Zamani – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mariam uz-Zamani" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9C-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="मरियम-उज-जमानी – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मरियम-उज-जमानी" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="جودا بای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جودا بای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariam-uz-Zamani" title="Mariam-uz-Zamani – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mariam-uz-Zamani" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="मरियम उज़-ज़मानी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मरियम उज़-ज़मानी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariam-uz-Zamani" title="Mariam-uz-Zamani – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mariam-uz-Zamani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariam-uz-Zamani" title="Mariam-uz-Zamani – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mariam-uz-Zamani" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Джодха бегім – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Джодха бегім" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82-%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D-%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="മറിയം-ഉസ്-സമാനി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മറിയം-ഉസ്-സമാനി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9D-%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="मरियम उझ-झमानी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मरियम उझ-झमानी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harkha_Bai" title="Harkha Bai – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Harkha Bai" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9C-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="मरियम-उज-जमानी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मरियम-उज-जमानी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A4%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%83%83%E3%82%B6%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A0" title="マリヤム・ウッザマーニー・ベーグム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マリヤム・ウッザマーニー・ベーグム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryam_uz-Zamoniy" title="Maryam uz-Zamoniy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Maryam uz-Zamoniy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE-%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC-%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80" title="ਮਰੀਅਮ-ਉਜ਼-ਜ਼ਮਾਨੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਰੀਅਮ-ਉਜ਼-ਜ਼ਮਾਨੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="جودھا بائی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جودھا بائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariam-uz-Zamani" title="Mariam-uz-Zamani – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mariam-uz-Zamani" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariam-uz-Zamani" title="Mariam-uz-Zamani – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mariam-uz-Zamani" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D1%83%D0%B7-%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Мариам уз-Замани – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мариам уз-Замани" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Empress Consort of Mughal Emperor Akbar</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Jagat_Gosain" title="Jagat Gosain">Jagat Gosain</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Mariam-uz-Zamani</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empress_consort" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress consort">Empress consort</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_mother" title="Queen mother">Queen mother</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess" title="Princess">Rajkumari</a> of <a href="/wiki/Amer,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Amer, India">Amer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><a href="/wiki/File:Jodhbai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Jodhbai.jpg/220px-Jodhbai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Jodhbai.jpg/330px-Jodhbai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Jodhbai.jpg/440px-Jodhbai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="907" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Artistic depiction of Mariam-uz-Zamani</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Harkha Bai <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1542 Amer, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Amber" title="Kingdom of Amber">Kingdom of Amber</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">19 May 1623(1623-05-19) (aged 78–79) <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Beveridge1909-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Agra_Subah" title="Agra Subah">Agra Subah</a>, Mughal Empire</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Mariam-uz-Zamani" title="Tomb of Mariam-uz-Zamani">Tomb of Mariam-uz-Zamani</a>, Sikandra, Agra</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1562; died <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>1605)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="#Birth_of_twins">Hassan Mirza</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELal1980133-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:100-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="#Birth_of_twins">Hussain Mirza</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELal1980133-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:100-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniyal_Mirza" title="Daniyal Mirza">Daniyal Mirza</a> (foster)</li> <li>Firoze Khanum (foster)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Wali Nimat Mariam-uz-Zamani Begum Sahiba<a href="#cite_note-Sujan-4">[4]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kachwaha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kachwaha">Kachwaha</a> (by birth)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_dynasty" title="Timurid dynasty">Timurid</a>/<a href="/wiki/Moghul_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Moghul dynasty">Moghul</a> (by marriage)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bharmal" title="Bharmal">Raja Bharmal</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jaipur_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaipur State">Amer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data">Rani Champavati <a href="/wiki/Chaulukya_dynasty" title="Chaulukya dynasty">Solanki</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Mariam-uz-Zamani (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> '<a href="/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Mary</a>/Compassionate of the Age';<a href="#cite_note-Mukhia2004-5">[5]</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1542 – 19 May 1623), commonly known by the <a href="/wiki/Misnomer" title="Misnomer">misnomer</a> <a href="#The_misnomer_of_Jodha_Bai">Jodha Bai</a>,<a href="#cite_note-cohen-6">[6]</a> was the chief consort and principal Hindu <a href="/wiki/Empress_consort" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress consort">wife</a><a href="#cite_note-birth-7">[a]</a> as well as the favourite wife of the third Mughal emperor, <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-farishta-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mehta-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-:05-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-fav12-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> She was also the longest-serving <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> empress of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> with a tenure of forty-three years (1562–1605).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1988229,_233-13">[12]</a> Born a Rajput princess,<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-birth-7">[a]</a> she was married to Akbar by her father, <a href="/wiki/Bharmal" title="Bharmal">Raja Bharmal</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jaipur_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaipur State">Amer</a> due to political exigencies.<a href="#cite_note-:0-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bonnie-18">[17]</a> Her marriage to Akbar led to a gradual shift in the latter's religious and social policies. She is widely regarded in modern Indian historiography as exemplifying both Akbar's tolerance of religious differences and their inclusive policies within an expanding multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire.<a href="#cite_note-Bonnie-18">[17]</a> She was said to possess uncommon beauty.<a href="#cite_note-ManuS-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> She was widely known for both her grace and intellect. Mariam-uz-Zamani occupied an important place in Akbar's harem, she was a senior-ranking wife of Akbar who in the words of <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fazl_ibn_Mubarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak">Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak</a>, commanded a high rank in the imperial harem.<a href="#cite_note-Fazl1-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> She is stated as the favourite and an influential consort of Akbar, having a considerable influence in the matters of the court.<a href="#cite_note-:07-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-oxford-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-farishta-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-imp-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> Described as an intellectual,<a href="#cite_note-Akbarnama-30">[29]</a> amiable and kind<a href="#cite_note-gen-31">[30]</a> woman, she was often consulted by Akbar on important matters.<a href="#cite_note-MuniLal-32">[31]</a> She was the mother of Akbar's eldest surviving son and eventual successor, <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a>, and the grandmother of <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name,_titles_and_background">Name, titles and background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name, titles and background">edit</a>]</div> Mariam-uz-Zamani was born in 1542 as the daughter of Raja <a href="/wiki/Bharmal" title="Bharmal">Bharmal</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jaipur_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaipur State">Amer</a> by his wife Rani Champavati, daughter of Rao Ganga <a href="/wiki/Solanki_(clan)" title="Solanki (clan)">Solanki</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-sarkar43-35">[34]</a> Her paternal grandparents were Raja <a href="/wiki/Prithviraj_Singh_I" title="Prithviraj Singh I">Prithviraj Singh I</a> and Apurva Devi, a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Lunkaran" title="Lunkaran">Rao Lunkaran</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bikaner_State" title="Bikaner State">Bikaner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarkar199431-4-36">[35]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mariam-uz-ZamaniPortrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Mariam-uz-ZamaniPortrait.jpg/220px-Mariam-uz-ZamaniPortrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Mariam-uz-ZamaniPortrait.jpg/330px-Mariam-uz-ZamaniPortrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Mariam-uz-ZamaniPortrait.jpg/440px-Mariam-uz-ZamaniPortrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="848" /></a><figcaption>Mariam-uz-Zamani's artistic illustration</figcaption></figure> Her birth name is unknown.<a href="#cite_note-Bonnie-18">[17]</a> Later historical accounts give several suggestions for her birth name. In an 18th-century genealogy of her clan (the <a href="/wiki/Kachwaha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kachwaha">Kachwahas</a>) for example, she is referred to as ' Harkhan Champavati '.<a href="#cite_note-Bonnie-18">[17]</a> Other names provided by various sources include Harkha Bai,<a href="#cite_note-:0-17">[16]</a> Jiya Rani, Maanmati bai,<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> Harika bai, Hira Kunwari,<a href="#cite_note-Paul-38">[37]</a> Heer Kunwari, Shahi-Bai and Shahi Begum.<a href="#cite_note-:2-39">[38]</a> She was bestowed an honorific Muslim name, 'Wali Nimat Begum' (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'Blessings of God') by Akbar, in 1564, after two years of her marriage.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> She was given the high honor of being titled as 'Mariam-uz-Zamani' (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'Mary/Compassionate of the Age') by Akbar on the occasion of birth of their son, <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir's</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> This was the title by which she was referred to in contemporary Mughal chronicles, including Jahangir's autobiography, the <a href="/wiki/Tuzk-e-Jahangiri" title="Tuzk-e-Jahangiri">Tuzk-e-Jahangiri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190978-43">[42]</a> Apart from the title of Mariam-uz-Zamani, she also bore two more glorious titles of 'Mallika-e-Muezamma' (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'Exalted Empress')<a href="#cite_note-Lal-44">[43]</a> and 'Mallika-e-Hindustan' (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'Empress of Hindustan').<a href="#cite_note-Lal-44">[43]</a> She was commonly referred as '<a href="/wiki/Shahbanu" title="Shahbanu">Shahi Begum</a>' (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> '<a href="/wiki/Empress_consort" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress consort">Imperial consort</a>') throughout her reign.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-SB-46">[45]</a> She would officially use the name Wali Nimat Mariam-uz-Zamani Begum Sahiba.<a href="#cite_note-Sujan-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erroneous_identification">Erroneous identification</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Erroneous identification">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_misnomer_of_Jodha_Bai">The misnomer of Jodha Bai</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The misnomer of Jodha Bai">edit</a>]</div> During the rule of Emperor Akbar, he issued a decree that prohibited the mention of the names of women of his <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Harem" title="Mughal Harem">seraglio</a> in public. This was due to the high regard and sanctity placed upon Mughal women, such that even their names were not to be spoken aloud. Instead, they were to be referred to, using an epithet that denoted their place of birth, country, or city where they were first viewed with affection by the Emperor. This practice was intended to preserve the privacy and honour of these women, who were considered important members of the royal household,<a href="#cite_note-:25-47">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> hence Mariam Zamani had been addressed as the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Raja_Bharmal" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Bharmal">Raja Bharmal</a><a href="#cite_note-Akbarnama-30">[29]</a> or sister of <a href="/wiki/Bhagwant_Das" title="Bhagwant Das">Raja Bhagwant Das</a><a href="#cite_note-Fazl1-21">[20]</a> in Akbarnama. Her son, Salim referred to her by her title, Hazrat Mariam-uz-Zamani in his chronicles. This led to the confusion and freedom exercised by various historians to guess and speculate her birth name. The name by which she is most popularly known in modern times is 'Jodha Bai' .<a href="#cite_note-Bonnie-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-39">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-ManuS-19">[18]</a> The name 'Jodha Bai' was first used to Mariam-uz-Zamani in <a href="/wiki/James_Tod" title="James Tod">James Tod's</a> Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, a colonialist history written in the early 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> This naming appears to have been an error, given that it implies a relationship with the royal family of <a href="/wiki/Jodhpur_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Jodhpur State">Jodhpur</a>, rather than that with the Rajas of Amber.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> Instead, it is assumed that 'Jodha Bai' or 'Jodh Bai' in fact refers to the wife of Jahangir, <a href="/wiki/Jagat_Gosain" title="Jagat Gosain">Jagat Gosain</a>, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Udai_Singh_of_Marwar" title="Udai Singh of Marwar">Raja Udai Singh</a> of Jodhpur.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-ToI_2007_Trade_Invasion-52">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Misidentification_as_Christian">Misidentification as Christian</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Misidentification as Christian">edit</a>]</div> Mariam-uz-Zamani's identity has been throughout centuries falsely inferred as Christian primarily on the pretext of her title, 'Mariam', and the absence of her background details from official Mughal chronicles giving rise to speculation about her race and religion.<a href="#cite_note-:05-10">[9]</a> It was presumed by various writers that since she was named Mariam, she must have been a Christian woman. However Islam reveres <a href="/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Mary or Mariam</a> as their own. Maryam is the only woman named in their holy book <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> and as per Muslims, she was the greatest woman to ever lived. This signifies the honour bestowed upon the empress and her distinguished rank as Akbar's wife as a title with an identical name, '<a href="/wiki/Hamida_Banu_Begum" title="Hamida Banu Begum">Mariam Makani</a>' was bestowed over Akbar's mother by Akbar. According to Edmund Smith, the story of Salim's mother being of Christian origin was started by some visitors of Fatehpur Sikri who expressed the idea that the painting in Mariam's house at <a href="/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikri" title="Fatehpur Sikri">Fatehpur Sikri</a> represented annunciation and therefore believed that Mariam must have been a Christian, however, the liberal historian of Akbar, <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fazl_ibn_Mubarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak">Abul Fazl</a> makes no mention of her being Christian or Akbar ever having a Christian wife. Additionally <a href="/wiki/Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh" title="Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh">Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh</a>, a chronicle written in the Mughal era, explicitly states Mariam-uz-Zamani as a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Raja_Bharmal" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Bharmal">Raja Bharmal</a>, therefore putting end to the supposition of her being a Christian.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> It was not only that the painting in Sonahra Makan may have led to speculation of her as Christian but the name Maryam (Mary) has also led weight to the theory of "Christian wife" however Maryam is a common name among Muslims and Maryam-uz-Zamani (Mary of Age) was conferred upon her on the birth of her son, prince Salim.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> For the verification of the assertion of her association with Christianity, Edmund Smith had her crypt opened to find out whether <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Mariam-uz-Zamani" title="Tomb of Mariam-uz-Zamani">the tomb</a> was that of a Christian lady, but he did not find any trace of the cross.<a href="#cite_note-:3-56">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_to_Akbar">Marriage to Akbar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Marriage to Akbar">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AkbarMariamuzZamani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/AkbarMariamuzZamani.jpg/220px-AkbarMariamuzZamani.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/AkbarMariamuzZamani.jpg/330px-AkbarMariamuzZamani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/AkbarMariamuzZamani.jpg/440px-AkbarMariamuzZamani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="1446" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar with Mariam-uz-Zamani</figcaption></figure> Mariam-uz-Zamani's marriage was the result of a conflict between her father and Akbar's brother-in-law, Sharif-ud-din Mirza, the <a href="/wiki/Hakim_(title)#Hākim_(حاكم)" title="Hakim (title)">Hakim</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mewat" title="Mewat">Mewat</a>. Raja Bharmal had been facing harassment at Sharif-ud-din's hands, on account of his conflict with Sujamal. Bharmal agreed to pay peshkash and had given his son and Mariam-uz-Zamani's full brother, Jagannath, and two nephews, Raj Singh, son of <a href="/wiki/Askaran" title="Askaran">Raja Askaran</a> and Khangar, son of Jagmal, as hostages but Sharif-ud-din wished to destroy him.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> So he approached Akbar to request his intervention. The Emperor agreed to mediate on the condition of Raja Bharmal's submission, as well as the suggestion that his daughter be given to Akbar in marriage.<a href="#cite_note-:0-17">[16]</a> Raja Bharmal then espoused his gentle daughter, who was veiled in chastity, in honourable wedlock to Emperor Akbar, and she was subsequently enlisted in the rank of honoured consorts.<a href="#cite_note-NT-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-:11-59">[58]</a> Akbarnama quotes, "Raja Bharmal introduced his eldest daughter, in whose forehead shone the lights of chastity and intellect, among the attendants on the glorious pavilion."<a href="#cite_note-Akbarnama-30">[29]</a> The marriage, thus, a political one, took place amidst proper festivity on 6 February 1562, while Akbar was on his way back to Agra from Ajmer (after offering prayers at the <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Moinuddin_Chishti" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of Moinuddin Chishti">tomb of Moinuddin Chishti</a>) at the imperial military camp in <a href="/wiki/Sambhar,_Rajasthan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sambhar, Rajasthan">Sambhar, Rajasthan</a>, instead of the bride's natal home. As per Abu'l Fazl, Akbar accepted the marriage proposal of the daughter of Raja Bharmal due to a divine vision he had at Ajmer Sharif. The Amber princess's marriage provided her family's powerful support throughout the reign.<a href="#cite_note-Smith6-60">[59]</a> The youthful Rajput princess in due time became not only the first lady of the empire but also a much-cherished, much-admired and much-loved object of the Emperor's heart. A true and honourable wife, she became the mother of Prince Salim in 1569 and thereafter, her ascendency to a unique place in the royal palace dazzled every eye. When Akbar initiated his high-minded experiment in the equality of all religions, she became a living symbol of liberalism both in religious and state affairs. She had a surfeit of intelligence, wit and female magnetism that charmed Akbar. Lack of vanity was the ornament she wore with almost divine grace. In the youth, in middle age and later when passion was no more than a pleasant memory, she was a perfect companion to the monarch.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> Views of eminent historians about their marriage: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">"Bihari Mal gave rich dowry to his daughter and sent his son Bhagwan Das with a contingent of Rajput soldiers to escort his newly married sister to Agra as per Hindu custom. Akbar was deeply impressed by the highly dignified, sincere, and princely conduct of his Rajput relations. He took Man Singh, the youthful son of Bhagwant Das into the royal service. Akbar was fascinated by the charm and accomplishments of his Rajput wife; he developed real love for her and raised her to the status of chief queen. She came to exercise profound impact on the socio-cultural environment of the entire royal household and changed the lifestyle of Akbar."<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Jarava_Lal_Mehta" title="Jarava Lal Mehta">Historian J.L. Mehta</a>, Advanced study in the history of medieval India(1981)<a href="#cite_note-Mehta-9">[8]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">"The heavenly reward, was not long in coming... Raja Bihari Mal of Jaipur arrived to seek a military alliance with the Mughals, and in the pledge of his loyalty, offered his eldest daughter in marriage to Akbar. The Emperor, still under the spiritual spell of Ajmer, thought the offer part of some grand design of the Khwaja and accepted it without hesitation... Jodha Bai entered the harem as a Hindu, not as a Muslim. The insistence on conversion was waived at the instance of her father. A small, exquisite temple was built within the four walls of the fort; she went there every morning to pray and also perhaps to underline her identity as a proud Rajput. With a blue-blooded Rajput princess in the harem, there came about a radical change in the style of life in the palace and at the court. Jodha Bai was as good-looking as she was tactful. Warm-hearted liberalism added lustre to her physical charm. Akbar respected her. So did everybody else. Maham Anaga, in particular, became very fond of her. Soon she became the centre around which life in the palace revolved. Akbar often consulted her on important matters; her responses were invariably high-minded and above partisanship. An equation of complete trust gradually developed between the two. The future greatness of Akbar was in no small measure due to the large-heartedness of Jodha Bai. With a lesser person in her place, the story of the reign of Akbar might have been different."<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Muni Lal, 1980</cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">"No marriage in medieval Indian history was, politically, so happy and fruitful, as the one contracted by Akbar with the daughter of Raja Bharmal of Amer in January 1562. It symbolized the dawn of a new era in Indian politics; it gave the country a line of remarkable sovereigns; it secured to four generations of Mughal Emperors the services of some of the greatest captains and diplomats that medieval India produced."<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Dr. Beni Prasad, History of Jahangir</cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">"It was indeed, in more than one way, a marriage made in heaven. Not only was the princess of Amber to become a highly respected Qadasi Arkani Mariam-uz-Zamani (the pillar of purity, Mary of Age), the queen mother of Akbar's firstborn son and later successor: this marriage also sealed the mighty Rajput-Mughal alliance that would become the backbone of Akbar's military power and the very foundation of Mughal Empire. In itself, there was nothing unusual about Hindu kings offering their daughters to Muslim rulers as a token of their submission, but Akbar's attitude towards his wife and her family was significantly different. Contrary to the usual practice, he did not ask her to convert to Islam but allowed her to maintain a Hindu shrine in the imperial residence, he occasionally would participate in the Hindu festivities. Her relatives were not treated as mere vassals, but as true allies, friends, and family members, in every respect, equal or superior to the leading Muslim amirs. In short, Akbar's alliance with the Rajput house of Amber was the very cornerstone upon which his military might and the internal cohesion of his empire was founded."<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Dirk Collier, The Great Mughals and their India</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_advancement">Family advancement</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Family advancement">edit</a>]</div> Mariam-uz-Zamani's family became some of the highest-ranking nobles in Akbar's court.<a href="#cite_note-rank-64">[63]</a> The Rajas of <a href="/wiki/Jaipur_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaipur State">Amber</a> especially benefited from their close association with the Mughals and acquired immense wealth and power. Her family was held in high esteem by Akbar for their unmatchable courage, devotion, and loyalty all of which greatly endeared to the Emperor. Of twenty-seven Rajputs in <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fazl_ibn_Mubarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak">Abu'l-Fazl</a> list of <a href="/wiki/Mansabdar" title="Mansabdar">mansabdars</a>, thirteen were of the Amber clan, and some of them rose to positions as high as that of imperial princes. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20191219_Fort_Amber,_Amer,_Jaipur_0955_9481.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/20191219_Fort_Amber%2C_Amer%2C_Jaipur_0955_9481.jpg/220px-20191219_Fort_Amber%2C_Amer%2C_Jaipur_0955_9481.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/20191219_Fort_Amber%2C_Amer%2C_Jaipur_0955_9481.jpg/330px-20191219_Fort_Amber%2C_Amer%2C_Jaipur_0955_9481.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/20191219_Fort_Amber%2C_Amer%2C_Jaipur_0955_9481.jpg/440px-20191219_Fort_Amber%2C_Amer%2C_Jaipur_0955_9481.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3630" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amber_Fort" title="Amber Fort">Amber Fort</a>, native home of Mariam-uz-Zamani</figcaption></figure> After her marriage to Akbar, her father, <a href="/wiki/Bharmal" title="Bharmal">Raja Bharmal</a>, was immediately made the commander of 5000 cavalry units, the highest rank that could be held by the noble in the court.<a href="#cite_note-rank-64">[63]</a> In the year 1585 Mariam-uz-Zamani's brother, <a href="/wiki/Bhagwant_Das" title="Bhagwant Das">Bhagwant Das</a>, became commander of 5000 cavalry units and bore the proud title <a href="/wiki/Amir_al-umara" title="Amir al-umara">Amir-ul-Umra</a> (Chief Noble). His son, <a href="/wiki/Man_Singh_I" title="Man Singh I">Man Singh I</a>, rose even higher to become commander of 7000 forces, the first to hold that rank in Akbar's reign, and it was only later that Akbar's foster brother <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Aziz_Koka" title="Mirza Aziz Koka">Mirza Aziz Koka</a> was raised to the same rank.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> Akbar referred to Raja Man Singh farzand (son).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEraly2000146-66">[65]</a> Even Raja Bihari Mal was denied that eminent rank, he did not cross the five thousand mark. However, it may be of interest that of the four hundred and sixteen Mansabdars of Akbar, only forty-seven were Rajputs, and the aggregate of their quotas amounted to fifty-three thousand horses. Of these, seventeen held Mansabs of from two thousand to five thousand and thirty from one hundred to two thousand. The princes of Amber, Marwar, Bikaner, Bundi, Jaisalmer and Bundelkhand held Mansabs of above one thousand, but Amber alone held the dignity of five thousand.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELal1980134-67">[66]</a> His equation with the Amber Raja and his nephew Man Singh was conditioned in no small measure by his tenderness, tantamounting almost to love, for Mariam Zamani.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELal1980143-68">[67]</a> <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a>'s respect for the family of Mariam-uz-Zamani was profound. As per Badani, Akbar shared an intimate relationship with the Amer clan. After the death of the fiancé of one of the daughters of <a href="/wiki/Raja_Bharmal" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Bharmal">Raja Bharmal</a> and younger sister of Mariam-uz-Zamani, Sukanya, in the Battle of <a href="/wiki/Paronkh" title="Paronkh">Paronkh</a> in October 1562, Akbar personally took responsibility for her marriage to a Rajput clan and adopted her as her own daughter.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> To honour them, he visited her native town, Amer, in the year 1569 and enjoyed the largesse bestowed over him by his in-laws. During this time, Mariam-uz-Zamani was into the fourth month of her pregnancy and thereafter was shortly delivered with Salim. Abul Fazl notes that his stay in Amer was of a month and a half and Akbar was showered with several noticeable gifts. Mariam-uz-Zamani also arranged the marriage of the <a href="/wiki/Shah_Begum_(wife_of_Jahangir)" title="Shah Begum (wife of Jahangir)">daughter of her brother</a>, Raja Bhagwant Das, to <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Salim</a> on 13 February 1585. Man bai became the first and chief consort of Prince Salim. For this marriage Akbar personally visited the town of Amer and as a token of respect for her family carried the palanquin of her daughter-in-law on his shoulders for some distance. The gifts given by Mariam Zamani to the bride and bride-groom were valued at twelve lakh rupees.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> Man Bai later became the mother to Akbar's favourite grandson, <a href="/wiki/Khusrau_Mirza" title="Khusrau Mirza">Khusrau Mirza</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1917225-71">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEraly2000273-72">[71]</a> and received the prestigious title of '<a href="/wiki/Shah_Begum_(wife_of_Jahangir)" title="Shah Begum (wife of Jahangir)">Shah Begum</a>'. <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190956-73">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion,_style_and_birth_of_children">Religion, style and birth of children</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Religion, style and birth of children">edit</a>]</div> Akbar, at the insistence of Raja Bharmal, did not convert the princess to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and permitted her to perform Hindu rituals in her palace.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEraly2000136-74">[73]</a> Although the marriage was a result of a political alliance, the two however gradually developed an intimate and affectionate bond. Akbar himself is recorded to participate in the Pooja performed by the empress.<a href="#cite_note-Findly10-75">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> She gradually became his favourite wife and was buried close to him. She was a devotee of Lord Shiva and Lord Krishna. The palace commissioned for her by Akbar in the imperial harem was decorated with paintings of Lord Krishna, and, gems and frescoes. Akbar also commissioned the <a href="/wiki/Nilkanth_temple_(Mandu)" title="Nilkanth temple (Mandu)">Nilkanth temple</a> in current day Mandu district of Madhya Pradesh, dedicated to Lord Shiva, in Islamic architecture. The Palace adjoining the Nilkanth temple, became the favourite place of retreat for her son, Emperor Jahangir. Harka bai arrived at Akbar's court resplendent in the sensuous and excessively feminine style of the Rajput nobility.<a href="#cite_note-:25-47">[46]</a> She is illustrated to wear heavy, swinging, and gathered ghagra which would stop well above her ankle and a tightly fitting choli, tied at back with tasselled strings. Her head and shoulders were covered with an odhani but so translucent and fine that her bare midriff and arms were visible through that shimmering dupatta. Light would flicker against her heavy gold jewellery -swinging earrings, nose rings, clinging bracelets, and girdle of gold. In a few years, the culture and dressing style of this Rajput princess influenced the Mughal dresses and etiquette of the Mughal court.<a href="#cite_note-:25-47">[46]</a> Cohen suggests that by including the textiles like bandhani in the royal paintings made in the region near the birthplace of Maryam Zamani, Akbar and Jahangir might be acknowledging her importance.<a href="#cite_note-cohen-6">[6]</a> Her roots were deeply embedded in the Rajput culture and style which was exhibited in her colourful and elaborated <a href="/wiki/Dupatta" title="Dupatta">odhani</a> or embroidered lehengas. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth_of_twins">Birth of twins</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Birth of twins">edit</a>]</div> On 19 October 1564, after two years of her marriage, Mariam-uz-Zamani gave birth to twin sons, Mirza Hassan and Mirza Hussain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELal1980133-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:100-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> Akbar arrived in Agra on 9 October 1564 for the birth of twins.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> Both of them died within less than a month of their birth. Mirza Hussain died on 29 October 1564 and Mirza Hassan died on 5 November 1564. She was, however, honoured with the name of 'Wali Nimat Begum' (Blessing of God) by Akbar after giving birth to her twins. Grief struck, Akbar took Mariam-uz-Zamani along with him after their sons' demise on his campaign, and during his return to Agra, he sought the blessings of <a href="/wiki/Salim_Chisti" class="mw-redirect" title="Salim Chisti">Salim Chisti</a>, a reputed Khawaja who lived at <a href="/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikri" title="Fatehpur Sikri">Fatehpur Sikri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> Akbar confided in <a href="/wiki/Salim_Chisti" class="mw-redirect" title="Salim Chisti">Salim Chisti</a> who assured him that he would be soon delivered of three sons who would live up to a ripe old age. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth_of_Prince_Salim">Birth of Prince Salim</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Birth of Prince Salim">edit</a>]</div> Few years before the birth of <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Prince Salim</a>, Akbar and Mariam-uz-Zamani went barefoot on a pilgrimage to <a href="/wiki/Ajmer_Sharif_Dargah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajmer Sharif Dargah">Ajmer Sharif Dargah</a> to pray for a son.<a href="#cite_note-AzizAhmad-82">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> In 1569, <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> heard the news that his chief consort was expecting a child again and hoped for the first of the three sons that had been promised to him after the death of the twins by Khawaja <a href="/wiki/Salim_Chisti" class="mw-redirect" title="Salim Chisti">Salim Chisti</a>. The expectant empress was sent to the Salim Chisti humble dwelling in Fatehpur Sikri during the latter period of her pregnancy. <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> himself travelled often from Agra to Fatehpur Sikri during her period of pregnancy to take care of the empress for whom a royal palace named Rang Mahal was constructed in <a href="/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikri" title="Fatehpur Sikri">Fatehpur Sikri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> One day while Mariam-uz-Zamani was pregnant with Salim, the baby stopped kicking in the womb abruptly. Akbar was at that time hunting cheetahs when this matter was reported to him, thinking if he could have done anything more, as that day was Friday he vowed that from that day he would never hunt cheetahs on Friday for the safety of his unborn child and as per Salim he kept his vow till throughout his life. Salim too in reverence for his father's vow never hunted cheetahs on Friday.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190945–46-86">[85]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Birth_of_jahangir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Birth_of_jahangir.jpg/250px-Birth_of_jahangir.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Birth_of_jahangir.jpg/375px-Birth_of_jahangir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Birth_of_jahangir.jpg/500px-Birth_of_jahangir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>Painting describing the scene of the birth of <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Prince Salim</a>, seated next to Mariam Zamani on the chair is <a href="/wiki/Hamida_Banu_Begum" title="Hamida Banu Begum">Mariam Makani</a>, grandmother of Prince Salim.</figcaption></figure> On 31 August 1569, the empress gave birth to a boy who received the name, <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Salim</a>, in acknowledgement of his father's faith in the efficacy of the holy man's prayer. Akbar, overjoyed with the news of his heir-apparent, ordered a great feast and festivities which were held up to seven days on the occasion of his birth and ordered the release of criminals with great offence. Throughout the empire, largesses were bestowed over common people, and he set himself ready to visit Sikri immediately. However, he was advised by his courtiers to delay his visit to Sikri on account of the astrological belief in Hindustan of a father not seeing the face of his long-awaited son immediately after his birth. He, therefore, delayed his visit and visited Sikri to meet his wife and son after forty-one days after his birth.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> While meeting the empress after the birth of Salim, Akbar presented her with jewellery worth one lakh gold coins and gave a 'Rajvanshi pat' on her head expressing love.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELal1980159-91">[90]</a> She was subsequently given the high honour of being titled 'Mariam-uz-Zamani' (Mary/Compassionate of the Age).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELal1980133-2">[2]</a> The ranks of <a href="/wiki/Bhagwant_Das" title="Bhagwant Das">Raja Bhagwant Das</a> and <a href="/wiki/Man_Singh_I" title="Man Singh I">Man Singh</a> were raised by two thousand horses each, and they were presented with robes of honour graded next only to those bestowed upon members of the royal family.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELal1980160-92">[91]</a> Akbar broke his records of generosity by giving rich awards and extensive Jagirs to the elite of the court. She was purported to be the foster mother of <a href="/wiki/Daniyal_Mirza" title="Daniyal Mirza">Daniyal Mirza</a>, as initially his care and protection were entrusted to her maternal clan.<a href="#cite_note-:22-93">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_Empress_of_Hindustan">As Empress of Hindustan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: As Empress of Hindustan">edit</a>]</div> The Empress held a significant influence over Akbar.<a href="#cite_note-RI-94">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-imp-26">[25]</a> Her high rank in the imperial harem provided her with substantial power and privilege.<a href="#cite_note-:25-47">[46]</a> Tirmizi proclaims it was her retirement as the Empress Consort of the Mughal Empire after the demise of her husband, Akbar that led to the decline of Rajput influence in the Mughal court.<a href="#cite_note-:4-95">[94]</a> She is described as a charismatic and adventurous woman<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1993177-96">[95]</a> having a high-spirited disposition and a taste for the unusual.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1993150-97">[96]</a> She commanded unreserved respect from all communities not only for her distinguished virtues of tolerance but also for her wide-ranging munificence and solicitude for the poor. On every festive occasion- Muslim or non-Muslim-she gave some cent of her privy purse to charity.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> She has high praises reserved in the biography of her husband. As stated by <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fazl_ibn_Mubarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak">Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak</a> in Akbarnama, she's described as both intellectual and tactful and is termed as an auspicious lady having lights of chastity and intellect shining on her forehead.<a href="#cite_note-Akbarnama-30">[29]</a> Abul Fazl calls her "the choicest apple from the garden of paradise".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELal1980159-91">[90]</a> Another contemporary Portuguese traveler, Thomas Roe, describes her as a 'great adventurer'.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1993177-96">[95]</a> She was a major driving force and prime inspiration for Akbar's promotion of secularism.<a href="#cite_note-lal9-99">[98]</a> In the words of historian Lal, "The personality and beauty of Mariam-uz-Zamani were indeed partly responsible for Akbar's religious neutrality."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELal1980213-100">[99]</a> She was an active partner in Akbar's search for Divine religion.<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> Nizamuddin Ahmad professes 'daughter of Raja Bihari Mal, who was veiled in chastity, was ennobled by a marriage with His Majesty and was enlisted in the rank of honoured consorts.' <a href="#cite_note-NT-58">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/%60Abd_al-Qadir_Bada%27uni" class="mw-redirect" title="`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni">Abdul Qadir Badayuni</a> describes her as a woman with a gentle disposition.<a href="#cite_note-:11-59">[58]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">" In the perspective of my work, Harkha Bai’s depiction has been particularly problematic... we forget many complicated and nuanced ways in which Harkha Bai influenced Akbar and the Mughal court. We ignore the cultural, culinary, artistic, and religious impact of this Rajput queen, reducing her instead to the usual, tired trope of a love interest of the central male figure. She has been terribly written out of history. She had an amazing life and went on to become a very influential, powerful, and wealthy woman. Her life was not a typical Mughal life of a queen that we imagine, of putting on ittar and perfume and changing clothes every hour."<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-:07-23">[22]</a><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Ira Mukhoty, The Perspective Magazine</cite></div></blockquote> Akbar commissioned palaces for her in Fatehpur Sikri, Mandu, Lahore, and Agra.<a href="#cite_note-lal9-99">[98]</a> In Agra, her palace of residence is believed to be <a href="/wiki/Jahangiri_Mahal" title="Jahangiri Mahal">Jahangiri Mahal</a>, constructed by Akbar for his Hindu wives. When Akbar moved his court to <a href="/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikri" title="Fatehpur Sikri">Fatehpur Sikri</a> in 1571, she resided in one of the most magnificent and beautiful palaces of Fatehpur Sikri which was built in the Zenana complex. This palace was built as per Rajasthani architecture. This palace commonly known as <a href="/wiki/Jodha_Bai_Mahal" title="Jodha Bai Mahal">Jodha Bai Mahal</a> was also internally connected to the Khawabgah of Akbar. Her palace was decorated with paintings of Lord Krishna and in its time is reported to be studded with gems and frescoes. This palace also includes a temple used by the empress for her prayers and a Tulsi math. Jodha Bai's Mahal was a masterpiece with its commotion of Indian and Persian architecture. This was the biggest residential palace in the city, and to this day it stands, though in ruins, as a monument of Akbar's love for the Amber princess.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELal1980179-103">[102]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fatehpur_Sikri_120.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Fatehpur_Sikri_120.JPG/220px-Fatehpur_Sikri_120.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Fatehpur_Sikri_120.JPG/330px-Fatehpur_Sikri_120.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Fatehpur_Sikri_120.JPG/440px-Fatehpur_Sikri_120.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>Khawabgah of Mariam-uz-Zamani within her palace in Fatehpur Sikri, commonly known as <a href="/wiki/Jodha_bai_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Jodha bai Palace">Jodha bai Palace</a>.</figcaption></figure> Her palace in Mandu called <a href="/wiki/Nilkanth_temple_(Mandu)" title="Nilkanth temple (Mandu)">Nilkanth temple (Mandu)</a> or as recorded by Jahangir in his biography, <a href="/wiki/Imarat-i-Dilkhusha" class="mw-redirect" title="Imarat-i-Dilkhusha">Imarat-i-Dilkhusha</a> (the heart-pleasing abode), was the favourite retreat place of Jahangir where he would celebrate his birthdays with his mother as recorded by Thomas Roe, a Christian missionary in Jahangir's court. This palace was commissioned by Akbar for her in the year 1574 and has a Lord Shiva temple inside with a Shiv Ling and is built as per Mughal architecture on a hilltop.<a href="#cite_note-:5-104">[103]</a> She was also the patron of several towns during her reign and held many jagirs.<a href="#cite_note-:10-105">[104]</a> She would often travel to her hometown, Amber, which was just 200 km away from her home.<a href="#cite_note-:25-47">[46]</a> During the Gujarat campaign when her brother Bhopat had fallen in the battle of Sarnal, Akbar sent Mariam-uz-Zamani, who was travelling with him, to her native town Amer to pay condolences to her parents.<a href="#cite_note-Fazl1-21">[20]</a> She had been faithful and devoted to her husband throughout her life having sided with Akbar than her son Salim, during the latter's rebellion against his father. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jahangir's_relationship_with_his_mother">Jahangir's relationship with his mother</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Jahangir's relationship with his mother">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a> paid obeisance to his mother by touching her feet. He records these instances with a sense of pride. His reference to his mother was preceded by the epithet '<a href="/wiki/Hadrat" title="Hadrat">Hazrat</a>'. Jahangir referred to her as "Hazrat Mariam-uz-Zamani", "Her Majesty" or at times "my exalted mother" out of his love for her in his memoirs.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> In 1607 when Jahangir decides to visit <a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Babur" title="Gardens of Babur">Gardens of Babur</a>, he decides to take his mother and a few ladies of his harem along with him and states, "I ordered Khurram to attend upon Hazrat Maryam-Zamani and the other ladies and to escort them to me. When they reached the neighbourhood of Lahore.. I embarked on a boat and went to a village named Dahr to meet my mother, and I had the good fortune to be received by her. After the performance of obeisance and prostration (rites of Korunish, Sajda, and Taslim before my exalted mother)..."<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190976-108">[107]</a> Jahangir would greet his mother by performing Korunish, Sajda, and Taslim and after paying her homage used to pay respect to other elders and royals. The stature and reverence Jahangir held for his mother were exceptional, he used to carry her palanquin on his shoulders.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> During the plague of Agra when Jahangir was in Fatehpur Sikri, he says, "On January 1619, Mallika Mariam-uz-Zamani came from Agra to meet me and I attained the happiness of waiting on her. I hope that the shadow of her protection and affection will always be over the head of this supplicant."<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> The courtesies and largesse demonstrated by Jahangir surface the proof of the amount of respect and love he held for his mother, Mariam-uz-Zamani. In the words of Edward Terry, a foreign traveller to the Mughal court, "Jahangir's affection for his mother Her Majesty Mariam-uz-Zamani were exceptional, and not seldom would he show many expressions of duty and display his strong affections for her". She hosted several events and royal functions at her palace,<a href="#cite_note-:08-112">[111]</a> like Jahangir's solar and lunar weighings,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190978,_230-113">[112]</a> all his birthday celebrations, Jahangir's marriage to the Amer princess, daughter of Kunwar Jagat Singh, <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge1909145-114">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Parviz" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Parviz">Shahzada Parviz's</a> wedding to the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Murad_Mirza" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Murad Mirza">Sultan Murad Mirza</a> and the henna ceremony of <a href="/wiki/Ladli_Begum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladli Begum">Ladli Begum</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Nur_Jahan" title="Nur Jahan">Nur Jahan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shahryar_Mirza" title="Shahryar Mirza">Shahryar Mirza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1993165-115">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190981-116">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Powers_and_influence">Powers and influence</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Powers and influence">edit</a>]</div> The Empress held considerable freedom of speech in the matters of court.<a href="#cite_note-RI-94">[93]</a> She was one of the few wives of Akbar who had the privilege to attend and express her views on the matters of the court. One of the episodes recorded in the book of <a href="/wiki/%60Abd_al-Qadir_Bada%27uni" class="mw-redirect" title="`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni">Badayuni</a> notes that once on the execution of a Brahmin by a conservative Muslim courtier of Akbar while Akbar had ordered the investigation to be continued, the Hindu wives taunted Emperor Akbar publicly for failing to maintain the abidance of his order.<a href="#cite_note-gen-31">[30]</a> The religious ulemas of Akbar's court were utterly displeased by the influence of Mariam-uz-Zamani and his Hindu wives on him in making him follow the rituals and practices of Hindu culture. Since his marriage with the daughter of Raja Bharmal, he is said to have complimented her by ordering the continuous burning of the hom in which occasionally he would join her during her prayers.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Posthumous_portrait_of_Mariam_uz-Zamani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Posthumous_portrait_of_Mariam_uz-Zamani.jpg/220px-Posthumous_portrait_of_Mariam_uz-Zamani.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Posthumous_portrait_of_Mariam_uz-Zamani.jpg/330px-Posthumous_portrait_of_Mariam_uz-Zamani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Posthumous_portrait_of_Mariam_uz-Zamani.jpg/440px-Posthumous_portrait_of_Mariam_uz-Zamani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1015" /></a><figcaption>A 19th-century sketch of Mariam-uz-Zamani</figcaption></figure> Akbar taking note of the disapproval of Mariam-uz-Zamani and his other Hindu wives stopped eating beef as the cow was regarded as a sacred animal in their religion. His Hindu wives influenced him to refrain from eating onions and garlic. They also exerted enough influence on him to never keep a beard and abstain from association with people who kept beards. In order to gain the love of his Hindu wives and their goodwill, Badayuni notes, he abstained entirely from everything which was a natural abhorrence to them and took it as a mark of special devotion to himself if men shaved their beards so that it became common practice.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> The influence of Mariam-uz-Zamani and his Hindu wives was highly resented by the Muslim conservatives of the court, even more, when Akbar had ordered everyone in the court to stand up during the evening prayers of his Hindu wives when they would light up the hom in their temples to honour their traditions and culture and made sure that he was no exception to it.<a href="#cite_note-gen-31">[30]</a> Akbar's Imperial harem was re-organized into a fortress-like institution which is quite in contrast to the image of the reigns of Babur and Humayun. Harbans Mukhia attributed this change to the growing influence of Rajput cultural ethos on Akbar ever since his marriage in 1562 to Mariam-uz-Zamani.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> Ira Mukhoty draws a parallel between Akbar's reverence for sun worship and Harka Bai's family clan emblem being Lord Surya (sun).<a href="#cite_note-:25-47">[46]</a> One of her intercessions in the inclination of his son include in May 1603, when Akbar suggested that Salim should undertake a military expedition for chastizement of Rana Amar Singh who was making encroachments on Mughal territories in Rajasthan. Salim suspicious of his father's motives expressed his reluctance to accept the assignment however this provoked Akbar to issue a formal firman appointing Shahzada Salim to the command of the proposed expedition. The ladies of the harem, Mariam-uz-Zamani and <a href="/wiki/Salima_Sultan_Begum" title="Salima Sultan Begum">Salima Sultan Begum</a> requested the Emperor not to press the matter, and let Salim continue to live under his eye at the court. Akbar succumbed to their pleas and withdrew the firman.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELal1980299-120">[119]</a> Muni Lal says that at the time when Akbar marched towards Salim to wage a war, Mariam-uz-Zamani was torn by conflicting loyalties between father and son.<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> Muni Lal notes another intervention of her alongside Salima Sultan Begum to revoke the orders of house arrest for Salim by Akbar. After the death of Hamida Bano Begum, to cease his rebellions and put an end to his alcoholism and debauchery, Akbar ordered he should be kept in solitary confinement in ghusalkhana and ordered no serving of alcohol and opium. Salim begging for wine the entire time behaved like a madman. Akbar appointed his physician to recommend the minimum necessary alcohol for his health. Muni Lal claims, 'the taming of the temperamental Salim bristled with complications, especially when Mariam Zamani and Salima Begum took into their scheming heads to leave no design unused to win freedom for their Baba. The pressure from the senior queens became too compelling to be resisted for long. Akbar gave in and allowed Salim to shift to his palace.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> The Empress of Hindustan was the wealthiest and most distinguished woman of her time.<a href="#cite_note-:25-47">[46]</a> She was honoured by various members of the regality of prominent nations during her husband and son's reign by receiving several precious gifts.<a href="#cite_note-Findly10-75">[74]</a> Mariam-uz-Zamani had numerous agents, middlemen, and financial advisers, "mirroring in miniature the Emperor's own finance ministry".<a href="#cite_note-:25-47">[46]</a> She had her own vakils to advise her and maintain her various properties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly199396-123">[122]</a> She was one of the four senior-most figures in the Mughal court and the only woman to hold the highest military rank which was at par with the rank of the emperor itself, 12,000 cavalry units.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1988232-124">[123]</a> She was known to receive a jewel from every nobleman "according to his estate" each year on the occasion of the New Year's festival, an honour bestowed upon no other Mughal Empress. Jahangir accompanied by his courtiers would on the eve of the new year present her with jewels and presents at her palace.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1988232-124">[123]</a> Mariam-uz-Zamani was the senior-most woman in the imperial harem and held a high rank since the reign of her Emperor husband.<a href="#cite_note-:25-47">[46]</a> Muni Lal refers to her as the First Lady of the Empire. She had the right to issue official documents and edicts in her name, called Farman (sovereign mandates).<a href="#cite_note-Farman-125">[124]</a> Issuing of such orders was confined to the highest ladies of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Harem" title="Mughal Harem">harem</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Hamida_Banu_Begum" title="Hamida Banu Begum">Hamida Banu Begum</a>, Nur Jahan, Mumtaz Mahal and Jahanara Begum.<a href="#cite_note-Tirmizi1-126">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mishra-127">[126]</a> Mariam-uz-Zamani used her wealth to build gardens, wells, mosques, and other developments around the countryside and was in charge of the Hajj department since Akbar's reign.<a href="#cite_note-Findly10-75">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMishra1967112-128">[127]</a> Mariam Uz Zamani had made sincere efforts to spread education among the common people.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> Mariam-uz-Zamani's retirement after her husband's death along with the death of <a href="/wiki/Jagat_Gosain" title="Jagat Gosain">Jagat Gosain</a> led to the decline of Rajput influence in the Mughal court.<a href="#cite_note-:4-95">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Khusrau's_affair">Khusrau's affair</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Khusrau's affair">edit</a>]</div> After the death of Akbar in the year 1605, she became the prime shield of her grandson, <a href="/wiki/Khusrau_Mirza" title="Khusrau Mirza">Khusrau Mirza</a>, and as noted by a Christian missionary present in the Mughal court, she secured a pardon for the prince along with <a href="/wiki/Salima_Sultan_Begum" title="Salima Sultan Begum">Salima Sultan Begum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shakr-un-Nissa_Begum" title="Shakr-un-Nissa Begum">Shakr-un-Nissa Begum</a>, and Emperor Jahangir's other sisters upon Jahangir's succession.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nur_Jahan" title="Nur Jahan">Nur Jahan</a> is noted to have faked tears in front of her mother-in-law, Queen Mother Mariam-uz-Zamani for the possession of the charge of Prince Khusrau who was considered a powerful contender to the throne by the ambitious empress Nur Jahan however, she did not succeed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1993365-131">[130]</a> Ellison Banks Findly notes a strongly-worded letter from Mariam-uz-Zamani to her son, Jahangir, written by her in the year 1616 expressing her concern for the safety of Khusrao Mirza and cites that she had anticipated that if Khusrau's charge was to be entrusted to Nur Jahan junta who she believed was eager to eliminate Khusrau they would eventually kill Khusrau and it would be disastrous for the Mughal dynasty as the future descendants would use it as a specimen to murder their brothers for the possession of the royal throne. Succumbing to the pleas of his mother, sisters, Khusrau's stepmothers and sisters, Jahangir did not transfer the control of Khusrau to Nur Jahan or Prince Khurram.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1993122-132">[131]</a> Further, Findly adds that this foretelling was substantiated soon afterwards in the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> when Shah Jahan's kids, <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dara_Shikoh" title="Dara Shikoh">Dara Shikoh</a> had a face-off for the royal throne eventually leading to the murder of Prince Dara Shikoh by his brother. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_an_entrepreneur">As an entrepreneur</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: As an entrepreneur">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Grand_Mughal_Fleet" title="Capture of the Grand Mughal Fleet">Capture of the Grand Mughal Fleet</a></div> Mariam-uz-Zamani was greatly interested in trade and commerce and was the earliest recorded woman who consistently engaged in inland and overseas trade.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1988232-124">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> During the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a>, she built ships that carried pilgrims to and from the Islamic holy city <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>, ran an extensive trade of silk and several spices to international borders, and oversaw the trade with Gulf countries and nations. In the words of Findly, she had, in the larger arena, helped chart the role of Mughal women in the newly expanding business of foreign trade.<a href="#cite_note-:08-112">[111]</a> Akbar took a significant interest in Mariam-uz-Zamani's business and invested time and money in her trading endeavours. He often had long discussions about her business with her.<a href="#cite_note-DirkCollier-134">[133]</a> She was the only women of Akbar's reign whose involvement in international trade is recorded. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The most influential queen of the Mughal Emperor Akbar (1542-1605), and mother of Emperor Jahangir, was the beautiful Empress Mariam-uz- Zamani ... She stands out as an adviser who maintained that without a strong navy, the Mughal Empire would be overtaken by foreign armies. As the Mughals had come from Afghanistan and Turkmenistan, both landlocked countries, the concept of a navy was just not in their DNA. But then Akbar allowed his favourite and most loved wife to build ships for trade and Haj pilgrims at the Khizri Darwaza on the River Ravi.<a href="#cite_note-Qa-135">[134]</a><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Aiysha Safdar</cite></div></blockquote> She would often travel to various cities of her empire and seaports to manage her trade business. As early as about 1595, in a story recorded by the Portuguese traveller <a href="/wiki/Bento_de_G%C3%B3is" title="Bento de Góis">Benedict Goes</a>, when Mariam-uz-Zamani was travelling from a certain place for her business exigency, she was robbed of all her possessions and was left without the ordinary necessities of life. Jesuit Benedict Goes hearing this assisted her before Prince Salim could reach her. When this news was delivered to Akbar's court, Akbar and his court attendants in astonishment praised and thanked Benedict for his services to the queen as the assistance she sought from her countrymen was delivered to her by a stranger. Salim who was at a distance of eight days from his mother came in haste to meet his mother and meeting Benedict he embraced him and ordered full repayment of the advances he lent to the queen. When Mariam-uz-Zamani reached Akbar's court safely, many people, with gifts in their hands, went forth from the city to welcome her.<a href="#cite_note-:14-136">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1988233-137">[136]</a> Regarded as a woman who built the first large sea-faring ships of the Mughals at Lahore, she was the owner and patron of the largest ships named <a href="/wiki/Rah%C4%ABm%C4%AB" title="Rahīmī">Rahīmī</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1988227-138">[137]</a> and afterward <a href="/wiki/Ganj-i-Sawai" title="Ganj-i-Sawai">Ganj-i-Sawai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:15-139">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> No other noblewoman on record seems to have been as adventurous a trader as the Queen Mariam-uz-Zamani, however, and no trader's ship (especially <a href="/wiki/Rah%C4%ABm%C4%AB" title="Rahīmī">the Rahimi</a>) seems to have got into as much trouble as hers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1988233-137">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nur_Jahan" title="Nur Jahan">Nur Jahan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jahanara_Begum" title="Jahanara Begum">Jahanara Begum</a> carried on the legacy of Mariam-uz-Zamani by engaging in overseas trade and commerce.<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_India_Company">East India Company</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: East India Company">edit</a>]</div> In late 1610 or early 1611, when Mariam-uz-Zamani's ship was being loaded for Mocha, she sent one of her agents to buy indigo in <a href="/wiki/Bayana" title="Bayana">Bayana</a> (an important centre of indigo production 50 miles southwest of Agra) to be put aboard the ship for sale in Mocha.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1988233-137">[136]</a> Just as the deal was being completed, however, <a href="/wiki/William_Finch_(merchant)" title="William Finch (merchant)">William Finch</a>, arrived and did what no Indian would dare to do. He offered a little more than she would have given, got the indigo, and made off with it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1988233-137">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-:16-143">[142]</a> William Finch was an agent of <a href="/wiki/William_Hawkins_(fl._c._1600)" title="William Hawkins (fl. c. 1600)">Hawkins</a>, ambassador of <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> who was well received by Jahangir.<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-:25-47">[46]</a> When Mariam-uz-Zamani heard that she had been outbid by an Englishman and had to suffer a great loss as the ship was set to sail, she was furious and complained to her son, the emperor, who made the English representative at the court, William Hawkins, suffer for a long time after that,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1988233-137">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-:16-143">[142]</a> mentioning that he had no choice but to curry favour with the jesuits to obtain safe conduct that would allow him and his wife to travel to Goa, from where they would embark for Europe.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Finch_(merchant)" title="William Finch (merchant)">William Finch</a>, on the other hand, struggled to sell the acquired indigo in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> and had come to the conclusion that the prospects of English trade in India were hopeless. He informed Hawkins that he planned to sell the indigo in <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, a Syrian city, and then travel back to <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> William Finch's hasty decision to outbid the charismatic Mariam-uz-Zamani had catastrophic consequences for the immediate future of the East India Company at Jahangir's court.<a href="#cite_note-:25-47">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-ManuS-19">[18]</a> The repercussions were so severe that in 1612, English <a href="/wiki/John_Jourdain" title="John Jourdain">Captain Jourdain</a> noted, " the Queen's ship, <a href="/wiki/Rah%C4%ABm%C4%AB" title="Rahīmī">the Rahimi</a>, was bound for Mocha, & the [local] merchants would not lade their goods aboard until wee [Europeans] were gone from the country."<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1988233-137">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conflict_with_the_Portuguese">Conflict with the Portuguese</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Conflict with the Portuguese">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> maintained relatively amicable relations during Akbar's reign, despite hostilities, and continued well until Jahangir's reign.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1993129-149">[148]</a> During the reign of Jahangir, the Portuguese were threatened by the presence of other European traders, especially <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">the English</a>, in the Mughal Court.<a href="#cite_note-:25-47">[46]</a> In order to pressurize the Emperor to expel European rivals from the Mughal court, the Portuguese challenged Jahangir's authority and prestige by targeting a ship owned by his mother, the Queen Mother Mariam-uz-Zamani.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Hawkins_(fl._c._1600)" title="William Hawkins (fl. c. 1600)">William Hawkins</a> noted that on 1 February 1609, he witnessed a great stirre touching the Mariam-uz-Zamani's ship as it prepared to carry goods to Mocha, an Arabian port south of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> at the Red Sea's entrance.<a href="#cite_note-:1-151">[150]</a> The Portuguese threatened to abscond with the ship to Diu unless she paid an exorbitant fee for a cartaz or pass.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1988229,_233-13">[12]</a> It is recorded that the Portuguese demanded 1,00,000 mamudies for their cartaz and then 20,000; eventually, to forestall violence, the two sides were able to compromise on a much smaller payment of 1,000 rialls and some odd money.<a href="#cite_note-:1-151">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1988229,_233-13">[12]</a> One incident in particular that caused a rift between the Mughals and the Portuguese was the seizure and burning<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> of Mariam-uz-Zamani's greatest pilgrimage ship, <a href="/wiki/Rah%C4%ABm%C4%AB" title="Rahīmī">the Rahimi</a>, in September 1613.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1993130-153">[152]</a> Although she was carrying the necessary <a href="/wiki/Cartaz" title="Cartaz">Portuguese pass</a> and did not violate any terms applied on it, still, out of greed/anger at the new Mughal friendship with the English, the Portuguese acted "contrary to their pass" and carried off "the Rahimi" with all of her richly laden cargo, worth 100,000 pounds, equivalent to today's currency, half a billion rupees, and the approximately 700 passengers still on board to Goa.<a href="#cite_note-:17-154">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeronimo_de_Azevedo" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeronimo de Azevedo">Jeronimo de Azevedo</a> celebrated the capture of the Rahimi as "worthy prey that was brought and for giving the Mughals a cause of sorrow."<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> When it became clear that the Portuguese had no intention of returning the Queen Mother's ship, Jahangir sent Muqarrab Khan, his governor, to stop all shipping activities at Surat, the major Indian fort for seagoing trade and to lay siege to the Portuguese town of <a href="/wiki/Daman_and_Diu" title="Daman and Diu">Daman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> The Jesuit church in Agra, which had been built under Akbar, was closed, and all allowances to Portuguese priests in Mughal India were suspended.<a href="#cite_note-:17-154">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> The entire Mughal court, as well as the city of Surat, was in an uproar, and the tumult and outcry at the Mughal court were unprecedented. In the words of Findly, "Rahimi incident was the only act of piracy against India, which, on record, evoked a severe and intense response from the Mughal government."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1988228-161">[160]</a> The extreme actions taken by Jahangir were unusual, as the Mughal court had grown used to the rapacious brutality of the Portuguese and would react by ignoring it or accommodating it. But for Rahimi, which has been seized by the Portuguese, Mariam-uz-Zamani's flagship pilgrim ship, the queen mother demands retribution. This was an unusual situation, demonstrating the great cultural upheavals and the tectonic changes that were shaping the Mughal empire: this was a <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> queen's <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> ship, carrying Hajj pilgrims in <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a> waters patrolled by the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India_Armadas" title="Portuguese India Armadas">Portuguese armada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> The Portuguese realizing their loss tried for peace<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> and later agreed to compensate the Mughal government for the loss of the Queen Mother's vessel and "to grant certain additional passes to native vessels proceeding to the Red Sea," but since the agreement was contingent upon the expulsion of the English, Jahangir resisted. Eventually, an agreement was made by the emperor by which the Portuguese had to pay "three lakhs of rupees for the ship taken," but the issue of English expulsion was left hanging as Jahangir became increasingly aware of English power at sea.<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> The Portuguese capture of Mariam-uz-Zamani's ship thus served to bring about a major change in the relationship between the two governments and was, by a fortunate accident, a substantial windfall for the English. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">"The Great Mogul's mother was a great adventurer, which caused the Great Mogul to drive the Portingals out of this place."<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>William Foster, Letters Received By The East India Company (Vol II)</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post_Rahimi_Business_Activities">Post Rahimi Business Activities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Post Rahimi Business Activities">edit</a>]</div> Mariam-uz-Zamani carried on with her commercial and pilgrimage ships despite losing her 'greatest pilgrimage ship', <a href="/wiki/Rah%C4%ABm%C4%AB" title="Rahīmī">the Rahimi</a>. She was in command of a fleet of ships.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> In 1617, two English pirates tried to seize Mariam-uz-Zamani's ship, which was returning from the Red Sea with numerous hajjis and valuable cargo, but in the nick of time, the ship was rescued. If it had not been for the fortunate interposition of the fleet of the East India Company, which came up before the contest was decided, the result of Englishmen's selfish enterprise would have been the closing of the busiest markets in India to English commerce.<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> After the loss of her ship Rahimi, the Dowager Empress then ordered the build of an even larger ship with 62 guns and the placement of over 400 musket men. It was named '<a href="/wiki/Ganj-I-Sawai" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganj-I-Sawai">Ganj-I-Sawai</a>' and in its day was the most fearsome ship in the sea with the objective of trade and taking pilgrims to Mecca and on the way back converting all the goods into gold, and silver, and bringing back the pilgrims.<a href="#cite_note-:15-139">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patron_of_art_and_architecture">Patron of art and architecture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Patron of art and architecture">edit</a>]</div> Mariam-uz-Zamani was one of the great female patrons of the architecture of her time.<a href="#cite_note-:09-171">[170]</a> She constructed one of the earliest built mosques in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, as per Mughal architecture, known as the <a href="/wiki/Begum_Shahi_Mosque" title="Begum Shahi Mosque">Begum Shahi Mosque</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-172">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-173">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-27">[26]</a> She sponsored a remarkable public work, a baoli (step-well) along with a garden near the old <a href="/wiki/Idgah,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Idgah, Uttar Pradesh">district</a> at Brahambad, <a href="/wiki/Bayana" title="Bayana">Bayana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-:09-171">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-174">[173]</a> However, only the baoli remains. She laid a large garden around the <a href="/wiki/Akbar%27s_tomb" title="Akbar's tomb">tomb</a> of her deceased Emperor husband, <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> and was also later buried there.<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> She also commissioned the entrance to the Lahore fort, known as Masjidi Darwaza, now corrupted into Masti Darwaja (Masti Gate).<a href="#cite_note-:8-173">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-172">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-176">[175]</a> Both Mariam-uz-Zamani's mosque and baoli (step-well) had an inscription attesting to her role in the construction of these historical monuments. The mosque was constructed during the early period of <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a>, in 1023 A.H./1614 A.D., as recorded in a Persian inscription fixed on the facade of the northern gate.<a href="#cite_note-:8-173">[172]</a> A marble inscription on the gate of the baoli (step-well) dates it to the seventh year of <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir's</a> reign (1612); it was thus built at the same time as <a href="/wiki/Begum_Shahi_Mosque" title="Begum Shahi Mosque">Begum Shahi's mosque</a> at Lahore.<a href="#cite_note-:09-171">[170]</a> Thus Jahangir's reign bears the stamp of female patronage.<a href="#cite_note-:12-177">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Begum_Shahi_Mosque">Begum Shahi Mosque</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Begum Shahi Mosque">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosque_of_Mariyam_Zamani_Begum_5_(WCLA).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Mosque_of_Mariyam_Zamani_Begum_5_%28WCLA%29.jpg/220px-Mosque_of_Mariyam_Zamani_Begum_5_%28WCLA%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Mosque_of_Mariyam_Zamani_Begum_5_%28WCLA%29.jpg/330px-Mosque_of_Mariyam_Zamani_Begum_5_%28WCLA%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Mosque_of_Mariyam_Zamani_Begum_5_%28WCLA%29.jpg/440px-Mosque_of_Mariyam_Zamani_Begum_5_%28WCLA%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5069" data-file-height="3758" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Begum_Shahi_Mosque" title="Begum Shahi Mosque">Begum Shahi Mosque</a>, one of the earliest and most exquisite mosques of Mughal Empire in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Begum_Shahi_Mosque" title="Begum Shahi Mosque">Begum Shahi Mosque</a> is the earliest dated exquisite mosque of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> built during <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir's</a> reign.<a href="#cite_note-:8-173">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-172">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-177">[176]</a> This mosque was named after her in her honour and is known as the Begum Shahi Mosque. It is located close to the old Masti Gate of the <a href="/wiki/Walled_City_of_Lahore" title="Walled City of Lahore">Walled City of Lahore</a>, opposite the eastern walls of the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-172">[171]</a> It stands out uniquely for its frescoes, which are significant for their perfect technique and variety of subjects.<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> It featured the earliest dated Iranian motif in <a href="/wiki/Mughal_architecture" title="Mughal architecture">Mughal architecture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">"These paintings are unrivalled in Pakistan and perhaps in India "for their delicacy and lively variety" and for their harmonious golden tone, which is due only in part to age."<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Mortimer Wheeler, Five thousand years of Pakistan</cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">"Never in the history of the architecture of the early Moghul period do we find such an extensive and exclusive use of this type of decoration. The endless variety of geometric floral and inscriptional designs spread over the interior surface in a subtle colour scheme is a characteristic not seen elsewhere."<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Ahmad Nabi Khan, Pakistan archaeology no.7</cite></div></blockquote> This mosque stands as the best example of the fusion of Timurid and Safavid components. The prayer hall of Begum Shahi Mosque is a single-aisle five-bay structure with elaborate painted decoration. Its inner central dome reveals one of the first dated occurrences of a network developed from points arranged in concentric circles.<a href="#cite_note-:12-177">[176]</a> The mosque features <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore's</a> first five-bay prayer chamber that would later be typical of all later Mughal mosques such as the <a href="/wiki/Wazir_Khan_Mosque" title="Wazir Khan Mosque">Wazir Khan Mosque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Badshahi_Mosque" title="Badshahi Mosque">Badshahi Mosque</a>.<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> The ceilings of <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_I%27tim%C4%81d-ud-Daulah" title="Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah">tomb Itimad-ud-Daula</a>, with their richly polychromed net vaulting and stellate forms, are a more refined version of those at <a href="/wiki/Begum_Shahi_Mosque" title="Begum Shahi Mosque">Begum Shahi Mosque</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a> The spectacularly painted prayer chamber of <a href="/wiki/Wazir_Khan_Mosque" title="Wazir Khan Mosque">Wazir Khan Mosque</a> and its interior, as well as the central pishtaq's recessed arch and stellate vaulting, are richly polychromed using a technique similar to that on <a href="/wiki/Begum_Shahi_Mosque" title="Begum Shahi Mosque">Begum Shahi Mosque</a>.<a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> At the time of its construction, this was the only important mosque located in the vicinity of the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore fort</a>, and therefore it was frequented by the nobility of the Mughal court. The mosque remained frequented for prayer by the Mughal nobility and the common man alike for more than two hundred years until it was turned into a gunpowder factory by <a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh" title="Ranjit Singh">Ranjit Singh</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mariam-uz-Zamani's_Baoli">Mariam-uz-Zamani's Baoli</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Mariam-uz-Zamani's Baoli">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maryam_Zamani%27s_Baoli_at_Bayana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Maryam_Zamani%27s_Baoli_at_Bayana.jpg/220px-Maryam_Zamani%27s_Baoli_at_Bayana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Maryam_Zamani%27s_Baoli_at_Bayana.jpg/330px-Maryam_Zamani%27s_Baoli_at_Bayana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Maryam_Zamani%27s_Baoli_at_Bayana.jpg/440px-Maryam_Zamani%27s_Baoli_at_Bayana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="464" /></a><figcaption>Maryam Zamani's <a href="/wiki/Stepwell" title="Stepwell">Baoli</a> at Bayana</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Majestic_gateway_of_Maryam_Zamani%27s_baoli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Majestic_gateway_of_Maryam_Zamani%27s_baoli.jpg/220px-Majestic_gateway_of_Maryam_Zamani%27s_baoli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Majestic_gateway_of_Maryam_Zamani%27s_baoli.jpg/330px-Majestic_gateway_of_Maryam_Zamani%27s_baoli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Majestic_gateway_of_Maryam_Zamani%27s_baoli.jpg/440px-Majestic_gateway_of_Maryam_Zamani%27s_baoli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="414" /></a><figcaption>Majestic gateway of Maryam Zamani's baoli</figcaption></figure> Around 1612 AD, she commissioned a great step well and a large garden in Bayana near district Brahmabad.<a href="#cite_note-:9-174">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> The step well was much appreciated by her son, Jahangir, who visited it around 1619 and noted that it was a grand building and was very well built at an expense of just 20,000 rupees. The baoli was considered by the English traveller, Peter Mundy to be "the best of this Kinde that I have yet seene,... a very costly and curious piece of worke".<a href="#cite_note-:09-171">[170]</a> Further he notes that it is a grand building with beautiful gates, cupolas, arches, chawtress, galleries, pillars and rooms above and below. The step-well consists of a gate, four flights of stairs leading down to the water level and a well-shaft at the farther end of the main axis, all constructed in red sandstone. Another European traveller, Thevenot who noticed this complex of garden and baoli notes it as a Royal house insinuating that this building was also meant to house the royal owner of this complex during her occasional visits to the locality.<a href="#cite_note-:10-105">[104]</a> The main gateway of the baoli is represented by a double-storeyed structure facing east where the smaller rectangular portal is framed into a high arch. This gateway appears to be typically representative of the post-Fatehpur Sikri Mughal architecture of the early 17th century, it also carries an imprint of Rajput conceptions. Although there are only two stories, it is constructed to give the three-storeyed effect from the front. The baoli was built as a part of the garden built by the empress.<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> Rajeev Bargoti notes that her interest in indigo trade might have been because her revenue free grants were located in the indigo producing tract around Bayana including pargana Jansath.<a href="#cite_note-:10-105">[104]</a> Inscription on Mariam-uz-Zamani Baoli (step-well):  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">"1. During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Shah Nuruddin Jahangir</a>, the world became a garden because of his benevolence. 2. By the order of his mother, Maryam Zamani, the divine light became bright. 3. There was built a bagh (garden) and a beautiful baoli (step-well), which made paradise blush with shame. 4. The intelligence said for the hijra date: "San I haft julus padshahi" (the seventh regnal year of the king). " <a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Rajeev Bargoti, Maryam Zamani's Baoli at Bayana</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mariam%27s_Tomb,_Sikandra,_Agra.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Mariam%27s_Tomb%2C_Sikandra%2C_Agra.JPG/220px-Mariam%27s_Tomb%2C_Sikandra%2C_Agra.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Mariam%27s_Tomb%2C_Sikandra%2C_Agra.JPG/330px-Mariam%27s_Tomb%2C_Sikandra%2C_Agra.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Mariam%27s_Tomb%2C_Sikandra%2C_Agra.JPG/440px-Mariam%27s_Tomb%2C_Sikandra%2C_Agra.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2779" data-file-height="1537" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Mariam-uz-Zamani" title="Tomb of Mariam-uz-Zamani">Tomb of Mariam-uz-Zamani</a>, Sikandra, Agra</figcaption></figure> Mariam-uz-Zamani died in May 1623, immensely rich and powerful,<a href="#cite_note-mint-189">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-:25-47">[46]</a> and due honour was given by burying her in a mausoleum close to that of Akbar.<a href="#cite_note-mint-189">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-:08-112">[111]</a> Her desire of being close to her husband even in death is visible in the proximity of her tomb to that of her husband, Akbar. There is no concrete evidence stating the reason for her death though it is believed to have been because of sickness. Jahangir had made several references in his autobiography towards her declining health since 1616 and calls her decrepit. Her tomb, built between 1623 and 1627, is on Tantpur Road in Jyoti Nagar, next to the tomb of Akbar. <a href="/wiki/Mariam%27s_Tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariam's Tomb">Mariam's Tomb</a>, commissioned by her son, Jahangir, who is believed to have grieved her loss immensely,<a href="#cite_note-:08-112">[111]</a> is only a kilometre from <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Akbar_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of Akbar the Great">Tomb of Akbar the Great</a>, in the direction of Mathura<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> and she stands as the only wife buried close to Akbar. Her tomb resembles her husband's mausoleum in one important aspect, the upper storey of both is open to the sun and rain, and its upper corners are embellished by beautiful pavilions surmounted by lovely domes.<a href="#cite_note-:3-56">[55]</a> The grave itself is underground with a flight of steps leading to it.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issue">Issue</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Issue">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Mughal Emperor Akbar</a> and Mariam-uz-Zamani Begum are confirmed to have at least three children: <ul><li><a href="#Birth_of_twins">Hassan Mirza</a> (19 October 1564, Agra, Mughal Empire — 5 November 1564, Agra, Mughal Empire) (twin with Hussain)<a href="#cite_note-:100-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="#Birth_of_twins">Hussain Mirza</a> (19 October 1564, Agra, Mughal Empire — 29 October 1564, Agra, Mughal Empire) (twin with Hassan)<a href="#cite_note-:100-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir (Salim)</a> (30 August 1569, <a href="/wiki/Fatehpur_Sikri" title="Fatehpur Sikri">Fatehpur Sikri</a>, Mughal Empire — 28 October 1627, Rajouri, Mughal Empire)<a href="#cite_note-Mehta-9">[8]</a></li></ul> She was also the foster mother of two of her stepchildren: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniyal_Mirza" title="Daniyal Mirza">Daniyal Mirza</a> (11 September 1572, Ajmer, Mughal Empire — 19 March 1605, Mughal Empire)<a href="#cite_note-:22-93">[92]</a></li> <li>Firoze Khanum (born in 1575).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films_and_TV_serials">Films and TV serials</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Films and TV serials">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Myers" title="Ruby Myers">Sulochana</a> portrayed Rani Jodha Bai in the 1953 film <a href="/wiki/Anarkali_(1953_film)" title="Anarkali (1953 film)">Anarkali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Khote" title="Durga Khote">Durga Khote</a> portrayed Jodha Bai in the 1960 Indian epic film <a href="/wiki/Mughal-e-Azam" title="Mughal-e-Azam">Mughal-e-Azam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a></li> <li>Zohra Mirza played the role of Jodha Bai in 1958 Urdu film <a href="/wiki/Anarkali_(1958_film)" title="Anarkali (1958 film)">Anarkali</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamuna_(actress)" title="Jamuna (actress)">Jamuna</a> played the role of Jodha bai in the Telugu movie <a href="/wiki/Akbar_Salim_Anarkali" title="Akbar Salim Anarkali">Akbar Salim Anarkali</a></li> <li>Puja Acharya donned the role of Mariam-uz-Zamani as 'Jodha Bai' in the Doordarshan television series Akbar The Great (1988-1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aishwarya_Rai" class="mw-redirect" title="Aishwarya Rai">Aishwarya Rai</a> portrayed Jodha Bai in the 2008 film <a href="/wiki/Jodhaa_Akbar" title="Jodhaa Akbar">Jodhaa Akbar</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Ashutosh_Gowarikar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashutosh Gowarikar">Ashutosh Gowarikar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paridhi_Sharma" title="Paridhi Sharma">Paridhi Sharma</a> played the role of Jodha Bai in the historical drama series <a href="/wiki/Jodha_Akbar_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jodha Akbar (TV series)">Jodha Akbar</a> which ran from 2013 to 2015.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delnaaz_Irani" title="Delnaaz Irani">Delnaaz Irani</a> portrayed Jodha Bai in the historical comedy series <a href="/wiki/Har_Mushkil_Ka_Hal_Akbar_Birbal" title="Har Mushkil Ka Hal Akbar Birbal">Har Mushkil Ka Hal Akbar Birbal</a> from 2014 to 2016. She was replaced by Pragati Mehra in 2016 for a few episodes as she was unavailable due to personal issues.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a></li> <li>Tasha Kapoor portrayed the role of Heer Kunwari aka Jodha Bai in <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Ka_Veer_Putra_-_Maharana_Pratap" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharat Ka Veer Putra - Maharana Pratap">Bharat Ka Veer Putra - Maharana Pratap</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification needed</a>]</li> <li>Jodha Bai was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Gurdeep_Kohli" title="Gurdeep Kohli">Gurdeep Kohli</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Colors_TV" title="Colors TV">Colors TV</a> series <a href="/wiki/Dastaan-E-Mohabbat_Salim_Anarkali" title="Dastaan-E-Mohabbat Salim Anarkali">Dastaan-E-Mohabbat Salim Anarkali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditi_Sajwan" title="Aditi Sajwan">Aditi Sajwan</a> portrayed the empress in the <a href="/wiki/Star_Bharat" title="Star Bharat">Star Bharat</a> comedy series <a href="/wiki/Akbar_Ka_Bal_Birbal" title="Akbar Ka Bal Birbal">Akbar Ka Bal Birbal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a></li> <li>Anuradha Tarafdar played the role of Jodha Bai in Manohar Arshi's film, Akbar's Bridge.<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandhya_Mridul" title="Sandhya Mridul">Sandhya Mridul</a> portrayed Jodha Bai in <a href="/wiki/Taj:_Divided_by_Blood" title="Taj: Divided by Blood">Taj: Divided by Blood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Literature">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mariam-uz-Zamani" title="Special:EditPage/Mariam-uz-Zamani">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (November 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Jodha Bai is also a major character in <a href="/wiki/Salman_Rushdie" title="Salman Rushdie">Salman Rushdie</a>'s 2008 novel <a href="/wiki/The_Enchantress_of_Florence" title="The Enchantress of Florence">The Enchantress of Florence</a>.</li> <li>She is the pivot character in the book of <a href="/wiki/Subhadra_Sen_Gupta" title="Subhadra Sen Gupta">Subhadra Sen Gupta</a>, The Teenage Diary of Jodh Bai, as the character Jodh bai.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-birth-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-birth_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-birth_7-1">b</a> Professor Ellison Banks Findly notes that the reason for the absence of her background in historical accounts has been on the account of bigotry and she was Hindu by birth, eldest daughter of Raja Bihari Mal and that her name has been suppressed by historians out of prejudice.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1988229-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Begum_Shahi_Mosque" title="Begum Shahi Mosque">Begum Shahi Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodha_Bai_Mahal" title="Jodha Bai Mahal">Jodha Bai Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilkanth_temple_(Mandu)" title="Nilkanth temple (Mandu)">Nilkanth temple (Mandu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rah%C4%ABm%C4%AB" title="Rahīmī">Rahīmī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganj-I-Sawai" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganj-I-Sawai">Ganj-I-Sawai</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEraly2000" class="citation book cs1">Eraly, Abraham (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/emperorspeacockt00eral">Emperors of the Peacock Throne the saga of the great Mughals</a>. Penguin books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-100143-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-100143-2"><bdi>978-0-14-100143-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emperors+of+the+Peacock+Throne+the+saga+of+the+great+Mughals&rft.pub=Penguin+books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-14-100143-2&rft.aulast=Eraly&rft.aufirst=Abraham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Femperorspeacockt00eral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFindly1988" class="citation journal cs1">Findly, Ellison Banks (April–June 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/603650">"The Capture of Maryam-uz-Zamānī's Ship: Mughal Women and European Traders"</a>. Journal of the American Oriental Society. 108 (2). American Oriental Society: 227–238. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F603650">10.2307/603650</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/603650">603650</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&rft.atitle=The+Capture+of+Maryam-uz-Zam%C4%81n%C4%AB%27s+Ship%3A+Mughal+Women+and+European+Traders&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=227-238&rft.date=1988-04%2F1988-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F603650&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F603650%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Findly&rft.aufirst=Ellison+Banks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F603650&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBargoti1991" class="citation journal cs1">Bargoti, Rajeev (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44142642">"Maryam Zamani's Baoli at Bayana"</a>. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 52. Indian History Congress: 464–469. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44142642">44142642</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Indian+History+Congress&rft.atitle=Maryam+Zamani%27s+Baoli+at+Bayana&rft.volume=52&rft.pages=464-469&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44142642%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bargoti&rft.aufirst=Rajeev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44142642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFindly1993" class="citation book cs1">Findly, Ellison B. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nurjahanempressofmughalindia/page/n134/mode/1up?view=theater&q=Maryamuzzamani">Nur Jan:Empress of Mughal India</a>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-536060-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-536060-8"><bdi>978-0-19-536060-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nur+Jan%3AEmpress+of+Mughal+India&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-19-536060-8&rft.aulast=Findly&rft.aufirst=Ellison+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnurjahanempressofmughalindia%2Fpage%2Fn134%2Fmode%2F1up%3Fview%3Dtheater%26q%3DMaryamuzzamani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Lal, Muni (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Akbar/page/n113/mode/2up">Akbar</a>. University of Michigan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7069-1076-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7069-1076-6"><bdi>978-0-7069-1076-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7796032">7796032</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Akbar&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7796032&rft.isbn=978-0-7069-1076-6&rft.aulast=Lal&rft.aufirst=Muni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FAkbar%2Fpage%2Fn113%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukhoty2018" class="citation book cs1">Mukhoty, Ira (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1040634538">Daughters of the Sun: empresses, queens and begums of the Mughal Empire</a>. New Delhi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-86021-12-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-86021-12-0"><bdi>978-93-86021-12-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1040634538">1040634538</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daughters+of+the+Sun%3A+empresses%2C+queens+and+begums+of+the+Mughal+Empire&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1040634538&rft.isbn=978-93-86021-12-0&rft.aulast=Mukhoty&rft.aufirst=Ira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1040634538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLal1988" class="citation book cs1">Lal, Muni (1988). Mughal Glory. Delhi: Konark Publishers Pvt Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-220-0076-2" title="Special:BookSources/81-220-0076-2"><bdi>81-220-0076-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mughal+Glory&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Konark+Publishers+Pvt+Ltd&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=81-220-0076-2&rft.aulast=Lal&rft.aufirst=Muni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJahangirThackston1999" class="citation book cs1">Jahangir, Emperor; Thackston, Wheeler McIntosh (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha">The Jahangirnama: memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India</a>. Washington, D.C.: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha">[2]</a>, 316. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512718-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512718-8"><bdi>978-0-19-512718-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jahangirnama%3A+memoirs+of+Jahangir%2C+Emperor+of+India&rft.pages=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjahangirnamamemo00jaha%2C+316&rft.pub=Washington%2C+D.C.%3A+Freer+Gallery+of+Art%2C+Arthur+M.+Sackler+Gallery%2C+Smithsonian+Institution%3B+New+York%3A+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-512718-8&rft.aulast=Jahangir&rft.aufirst=Emperor&rft.au=Thackston%2C+Wheeler+McIntosh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjahangirnamamemo00jaha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Beveridge1909-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Beveridge1909_1-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogersBeveridge1909" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, Alexander; Beveridge, Henry, eds. (1909). The Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī or Memoirs of Jahāngīr, Volume 2. Royal Asiatic Society, London. p. 261.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+T%C5%ABzuk-i-Jah%C4%81ng%C4%ABr%C4%AB+or+Memoirs+of+Jah%C4%81ng%C4%ABr%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=261&rft.pub=Royal+Asiatic+Society%2C+London&rft.date=1909&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELal1980133-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELal1980133_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELal1980133_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELal1980133_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELal1980133_2-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFLal1980">Lal 1980</a>, p. 133. </li> <li id="cite_note-:100-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:100_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:100_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:100_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:100_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:100_3-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForeign_Department_Of_India1905" class="citation book cs1">Foreign Department Of India (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35314">References In The Press To The Visit Of Their Royal Highnesses, The Prince And Princess Of Wales To India, 1905-06</a>. p. 421.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=References+In+The+Press+To+The+Visit+Of+Their+Royal+Highnesses%2C+The+Prince+And+Princess+Of+Wales+To+India%2C+1905-06&rft.pages=421&rft.date=1905&rft.au=Foreign+Department+Of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.35314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sujan-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sujan_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sujan_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSujan_Rai1695" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sujan_Rai_Bhandari" title="Sujan Rai Bhandari">Sujan Rai, Bhandari</a> (1695). Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh. Zafar Hasan. p. 374.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh&rft.pages=374&rft.pub=Zafar+Hasan&rft.date=1695&rft.aulast=Sujan+Rai&rft.aufirst=Bhandari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mukhia2004-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Mukhia2004_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukhia2004" class="citation book cs1">Mukhia, Harbans (2004). India's Islamic Traditions, Islam in Kashmir (Fourteenth to Sixteenth Century). New Delhi [India]: The Medieval History Journal, New Delhi. p. 126.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Islamic+Traditions%2C+Islam+in+Kashmir+%28Fourteenth+to+Sixteenth+Century%29&rft.place=New+Delhi+%5BIndia%5D&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=The+Medieval+History+Journal%2C+New+Delhi&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Mukhia&rft.aufirst=Harbans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cohen-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cohen_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cohen_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoughteling2017" class="citation journal cs1">Houghteling, Sylvia (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3998%2Fars.13441566.0047.005">"The Emperor's Humbler Clothes: Textures of Courtly Dress in Seventeenth-Century South Asia"</a>. Ars Orientalis. 47: 103. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3998%2Fars.13441566.0047.005">10.3998/ars.13441566.0047.005</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/45238933">45238933</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191885191">191885191</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ars+Orientalis&rft.atitle=The+Emperor%27s+Humbler+Clothes%3A+Textures+of+Courtly+Dress+in+Seventeenth-Century+South+Asia&rft.volume=47&rft.pages=103&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191885191%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F45238933%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3998%2Fars.13441566.0047.005&rft.aulast=Houghteling&rft.aufirst=Sylvia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3998%252Fars.13441566.0047.005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-farishta-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-farishta_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-farishta_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHindu_Shah1595–1612" class="citation book cs1">Hindu Shah, Muhammad Qasim (1595–1612). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheRiseOfTheMahomedanPowerInIndiaVolume1/HistoryOfTheRiseOfTheMahomedanPowerInIndia-Volume-1/page/n579/mode/2up?q=143">Gulshan-I-Ibrahimi</a>. Vol. 2. p. 143. <q>Akbur, after this conquest, made a pilgrimage to Khwaja Moyin-ood-Deen Chishty at Ajmere and returned to Agra; from whence he proceeded to visit the venerable Sheikh Sulim Chishty, in the village of Seekry. As all the king's children had hitherto died, he solicited the Sheikh's prayers, who consoled him, by assuring him he would soon have a son, who would live to a good old age. Shortly after, the favourite sooltana, being then pregnant, on Wednesday the 17th of Rubbee-ool-Awul, in the year 997 was delivered of a son, who was called Sulim.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gulshan-I-Ibrahimi&rft.pages=143&rft.date=1595%2F1612&rft.aulast=Hindu+Shah&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Qasim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FHistoryOfTheRiseOfTheMahomedanPowerInIndiaVolume1%2FHistoryOfTheRiseOfTheMahomedanPowerInIndia-Volume-1%2Fpage%2Fn579%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3D143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mehta-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mehta_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mehta_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mehta_9-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehta" class="citation book cs1">Mehta, Jaswant Lal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-TsMl0vSc0gC&pg=PG189">Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India</a>. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 222. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-207-1015-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-207-1015-3"><bdi>978-81-207-1015-3</bdi></a>. <q>Bihari Mal gave rich dowry to his daughter and sent his son Bhagwan Das with a contingent of Rajput soldiers to escort his newly married sister to Agra as per Rajput custom. Akbar was deeply impressed by the highly dignified, sincere and princely conduct of his Rajput relations. He took Man Singh, the youthful son of Bhagwant Das into the royal service. Akbar was fascinated by the charm and accomplishments of his Rajput wife; he developed real love for her and raised her to the status of chief queen. She came to exercise profound impact on the sociocultural environment of the entire royal household and changed the lifestyle of Akbar. Salim (later Jahangir), the heir to the throne, was born of this wedlock on 30th August 1569.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advanced+Study+in+the+History+of+Medieval+India&rft.pages=222&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishers+Pvt.+Ltd&rft.isbn=978-81-207-1015-3&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=Jaswant+Lal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-TsMl0vSc0gC%26pg%3DPG189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:05-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:05_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:05_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshirbadi_Lal1964" class="citation book cs1">Ashirbadi Lal, Srivastava (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.241622/page/183/mode/2up">Medieval Indian Culture</a>. Universal Publications. p. 184.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Indian+Culture&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=Universal+Publications&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Ashirbadi+Lal&rft.aufirst=Srivastava&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdli.ernet.241622%2Fpage%2F183%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fav12-11"><a href="#cite_ref-fav12_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaudhary2011" class="citation book cs1">Chaudhary, S.N. Roy (2011). Restoration of Split Milk. Gyan Publishing House. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-212-1046-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-212-1046-1"><bdi>978-81-212-1046-1</bdi></a>. <q>The mother of Jahangir was a pious Hindu princess, the most favorite queen of Akbar</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Restoration+of+Split+Milk&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Gyan+Publishing+House&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-81-212-1046-1&rft.aulast=Chaudhary&rft.aufirst=S.N.+Roy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhloowalia2009" class="citation book cs1">Ahloowalia, B. S. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vp_q_MjupOIC&dq=Akbar+1599+agra+capital&pg=PA129">Invasion of the Genes: Genetic Heritage of India</a>. Strategic Book Publishing. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60860-691-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60860-691-7"><bdi>978-1-60860-691-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Invasion+of+the+Genes%3A+Genetic+Heritage+of+India&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Strategic+Book+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-60860-691-7&rft.aulast=Ahloowalia&rft.aufirst=B.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVp_q_MjupOIC%26dq%3DAkbar%2B1599%2Bagra%2Bcapital%26pg%3DPA129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1988229,_233-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly1988229,_233_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly1988229,_233_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly1988229,_233_13-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFFindly1988">Findly 1988</a>, pp. 229, 233. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAftab2008" class="citation book cs1">Aftab, Tahera (2008). Inscribing South Asian Muslim Women: An Annotated Bibliography & Research Guide. Leiden: Brill Publishers. p. 44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inscribing+South+Asian+Muslim+Women%3A+An+Annotated+Bibliography+%26+Research+Guide&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Aftab&rft.aufirst=Tahera&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1988229-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly1988229_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFindly1988">Findly 1988</a>, p. 229. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1542722">"Harking back: Mystery of the Rajput empress Mariam Zamani"</a>. DAWN.COM. 22 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DAWN.COM&rft.atitle=Harking+back%3A+Mystery+of+the+Rajput+empress+Mariam+Zamani&rft.date=2020-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1542722&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandra2005" class="citation book cs1">Chandra, Satish (2005). Medieval India: from Sultanate to the Mughals (Revised ed.). New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. pp. 111–112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-241-1066-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-241-1066-9"><bdi>978-81-241-1066-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+India%3A+from+Sultanate+to+the+Mughals&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=111-112&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Har-Anand+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-241-1066-9&rft.aulast=Chandra&rft.aufirst=Satish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bonnie-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bonnie_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bonnie_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bonnie_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bonnie_18-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bonnie_18-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFchief2008" class="citation book cs1">chief, Bonnie G. Smith (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordencycloped0000unse_k2h2/page/656">The Oxford Encyclopedia of women in world history</a>. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordencycloped0000unse_k2h2/page/656">656</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514890-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514890-9"><bdi>978-0-19-514890-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+women+in+world+history&rft.place=Oxford+%5BEngland%5D&rft.pages=656&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-514890-9&rft.aulast=chief&rft.aufirst=Bonnie+G.+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordencycloped0000unse_k2h2%2Fpage%2F656&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ManuS-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ManuS_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ManuS_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ManuS_19-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPillai2019" class="citation book cs1">Pillai, Manu S. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/the-courtesan-the-mahatma-and-the-italian-brahmin-tales-from-indian-history/page/n51/mode/2up?q=Mariam+Zamani">The Courtesan The Mahatma And The Italian Brahmin Tales From Indian History</a>. Westland Publications Limited.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Courtesan+The+Mahatma+And+The+Italian+Brahmin+Tales+From+Indian+History&rft.pub=Westland+Publications+Limited&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Pillai&rft.aufirst=Manu+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthe-courtesan-the-mahatma-and-the-italian-brahmin-tales-from-indian-history%2Fpage%2Fn51%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3DMariam%2BZamani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice1829" class="citation book cs1">Price, Mahor David, ed. (1829). Tarikh-i-Salim Shahi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tarikh-i-Salim+Shahi&rft.date=1829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fazl1-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fazl1_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fazl1_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fazl1_21-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFazl1590" class="citation book cs1">Fazl, Abul (1590). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.55650/page/n91/mode/2up?q=49">Ain-I-Akbari</a>. Vol. 3. p. 49. <q>When the world-conquering armies had been deputed, the Shāhinshāh proceeded stage by stage. On the day that he reached Sirohī, Mādhū* Singh and a number of men were sent to fetch that nursling of fortune's garden, Shahzāda Sultān Daniel, who had been conveyed from Ajmīr to Amber, so that he might be brought back to Ajmīr, and might come under the shadow of the Presence. In order to do honour to Rajah Bhagwān Das, his auspicious sister, who held high rank in the imperial harem, was sent off in order so that she might be present at the mourning for her brother Bhūpat, who had fallen in the battle of Sarnāl.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ain-I-Akbari&rft.pages=49&rft.date=1590&rft.aulast=Fazl&rft.aufirst=Abul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.55650%2Fpage%2Fn91%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3D49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukherjee2001" class="citation book cs1">Mukherjee, Soma (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v-2TyjzZhZEC">Royal Mughal Ladies and Their Contributions</a>. Gyan Books. p. 128. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-212-0760-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-212-0760-7"><bdi>978-81-212-0760-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Mughal+Ladies+and+Their+Contributions&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Gyan+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-212-0760-7&rft.aulast=Mukherjee&rft.aufirst=Soma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv-2TyjzZhZEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:07-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:07_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:07_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indianwomenblog.org/authors-ruby-lal-and-ira-mukhoty-on-the-powerful-women-of-the-mughal-empire/">"Ruby Lal and Ira Mukhoty on the powerful women of Mughal Empire"</a>. 25 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ruby+Lal+and+Ira+Mukhoty+on+the+powerful+women+of+Mughal+Empire&rft.date=2019-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianwomenblog.org%2Fauthors-ruby-lal-and-ira-mukhoty-on-the-powerful-women-of-the-mughal-empire%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oxford-24"><a href="#cite_ref-oxford_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2008" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Bonnie G., ed. (2008). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History. Vol. 4. Oxford University Press. p. 656. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514890-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514890-9"><bdi>978-0-19-514890-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Women+in+World+History&rft.pages=656&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-514890-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan1970" class="citation book cs1">Khan, Ahmad Nabi (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.69947">Pakistan archaeology no.7</a>. p. 123.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan+archaeology+no.7&rft.pages=123&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Ahmad+Nabi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.gov.ignca.69947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-imp-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-imp_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-imp_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHavell1918" class="citation book cs1">Havell, E. B. (Ernest Binfield) (1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/historyofaryanru00have">The history of Aryan rule in India from the earliest times to the death of Akbar</a>. The Library of Congress. New York, Frederick A. Stokes company. p. 463.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+Aryan+rule+in+India+from+the+earliest+times+to+the+death+of+Akbar&rft.pages=463&rft.pub=New+York%2C+Frederick+A.+Stokes+company&rft.date=1918&rft.aulast=Havell&rft.aufirst=E.+B.+%28Ernest+Binfield%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofaryanru00have&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_27-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchimmel2004" class="citation book cs1">Schimmel, Annemarie (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61751123">The empire of the great Mughals: history, art and culture</a>. Corinne Attwood, Burzine K. Waghmar, Francis Robinson. London: Reaktion Books. p. 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-185-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-185-3"><bdi>978-1-86189-185-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/61751123">61751123</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+empire+of+the+great+Mughals%3A+history%2C+art+and+culture&rft.place=London&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F61751123&rft.isbn=978-1-86189-185-3&rft.aulast=Schimmel&rft.aufirst=Annemarie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F61751123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSrivastava._A.l.1957" class="citation book cs1">Srivastava. A.l. (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.131063">A Short History Of The Akbar The Great</a>. p. 22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+Of+The+Akbar+The+Great&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1957&rft.au=Srivastava.+A.l.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.131063&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohammada2007" class="citation book cs1">Mohammada, Malika (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dwzbYvQszf4C&pg=PA300">The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India</a>. Aakar Books. p. 300. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-89833-18-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-89833-18-3"><bdi>978-81-89833-18-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Foundations+of+the+Composite+Culture+in+India&rft.pages=300&rft.pub=Aakar+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-89833-18-3&rft.aulast=Mohammada&rft.aufirst=Malika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdwzbYvQszf4C%26pg%3DPA300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Akbarnama-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Akbarnama_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Akbarnama_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Akbarnama_30-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Akbarnama_30-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFazl1907" class="citation book cs1">Fazl, Abul (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.55649/page/n251/mode/2up">The Akbarnama</a>. Vol. II. Translated by Beveridge, Henry. ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. p. 242.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Akbarnama&rft.pages=242&rft.pub=ASIATIC+SOCIETY+OF+BENGAL&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Fazl&rft.aufirst=Abul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.55649%2Fpage%2Fn251%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gen-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gen_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gen_31-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gen_31-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadayuni1590" class="citation book cs1">Badayuni, Abdul Qadir (1590). Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh. Vol. III.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh&rft.date=1590&rft.aulast=Badayuni&rft.aufirst=Abdul+Qadir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MuniLal-32"><a href="#cite_ref-MuniLal_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLal1980">Lal 1980</a>, p. 104: "With a blue-blooded Rajput princess in the harem, there came about a radical change in the style of life in the palace and at the court.' Jodha Bai was as good-looking as she was tactful. Warm-hearted liberalism added lustre to her physical charm. Akbar respected her. So did everybody else. Maham Anga, in particular, became very fond of her. Soon she became a centre around which life in the palace revolved. Akbar (king of hindustan) often consulted her on important matters; her responses were invariably high-minded and above partisanship. An equation of complete trust gradually developed between the two. The future greatness of Akbar was in no small measure due to the large-heartedness of Jodha Bai. With a lesser person in her place, the story of the reign of Akbar might have been different." </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> L. McJannet, Bernadette Andrea, Early Modern England and Islamic Worlds (2011), p.106 </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> C. M. Agrawal, Akbar and his Hindu officers: a critical study (1986), p.27 </li> <li id="cite_note-sarkar43-35"><a href="#cite_ref-sarkar43_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarkar1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jadunath_Sarkar" title="Jadunath Sarkar">Sarkar, J. N.</a> (1994) [1984]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&pg=PA31">A History of Jaipur</a> (Reprinted ed.). Orient Longman. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-250-0333-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-250-0333-5"><bdi>978-81-250-0333-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Jaipur&rft.pages=43&rft.edition=Reprinted&rft.pub=Orient+Longman&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-81-250-0333-5&rft.aulast=Sarkar&rft.aufirst=J.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO0oPIo9TXKcC%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESarkar199431-4-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarkar199431-4_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSarkar1994">Sarkar 1994</a>, p. 31-4. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchimmel2004" class="citation book cs1">Schimmel, Annemarie (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61751123">The empire of the great Mughals: history, art and culture</a>. Corinne Attwood, Burzine K. Waghmar, Francis Robinson. London: Reaktion Books. p. 143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-185-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-185-3"><bdi>978-1-86189-185-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/61751123">61751123</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+empire+of+the+great+Mughals%3A+history%2C+art+and+culture&rft.place=London&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F61751123&rft.isbn=978-1-86189-185-3&rft.aulast=Schimmel&rft.aufirst=Annemarie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F61751123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul-38"><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManuelLyonWilcox2013" class="citation book cs1">Manuel, Paul Christopher; Lyon, Alynna; Wilcox, Clyde (2013). Religion and Politics in a Global Society. Plymouth [England]: Lexington Books. p. 68.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+Politics+in+a+Global+Society&rft.place=Plymouth+%5BEngland%5D&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Manuel&rft.aufirst=Paul+Christopher&rft.au=Lyon%2C+Alynna&rft.au=Wilcox%2C+Clyde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_39-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooja2006" class="citation book cs1">Hooja, Rima (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/80362053">A history of Rajasthan</a>. New Delhi: Rupa & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-291-0890-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-291-0890-6"><bdi>978-81-291-0890-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/80362053">80362053</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+Rajasthan&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Rupa+%26+Co&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F80362053&rft.isbn=978-81-291-0890-6&rft.aulast=Hooja&rft.aufirst=Rima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F80362053&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSrivastava1947" class="citation book cs1">Srivastava, Ashirbadi Lal (1947). The History and Culture of the Indian People. Vol. 7. p. 368.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+and+Culture+of+the+Indian+People&rft.pages=368&rft.date=1947&rft.aulast=Srivastava&rft.aufirst=Ashirbadi+Lal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerma1999" class="citation book cs1">Verma, Chob Singh (1999). Splendour of Fatehpur Sikri. Agam Kala Prakashan. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Splendour+of+Fatehpur+Sikri&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Agam+Kala+Prakashan&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Verma&rft.aufirst=Chob+Singh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehta" class="citation book cs1">Mehta, Jl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-TsMl0vSc0gC&pg=PG189">Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India</a>. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 374. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-207-1015-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-207-1015-3"><bdi>978-81-207-1015-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advanced+Study+in+the+History+of+Medieval+India&rft.pages=374&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishers+Pvt.+Ltd&rft.isbn=978-81-207-1015-3&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=Jl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-TsMl0vSc0gC%26pg%3DPG189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190978-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190978_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRogersBeveridge1909">Rogers & Beveridge 1909</a>, p. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-Lal-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lal_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lal_44-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLal1977" class="citation book cs1">Lal, Muni (1977). Akbar. V.P. House Private ltd., Delhi. p. 133.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Akbar&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=V.P.+House+Private+ltd.%2C+Delhi&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Lal&rft.aufirst=Muni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsher1992" class="citation book cs1">Asher, Catherine Blanshard (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3ctLNvx68hIC&q=maryam+zamani+mosque&pg=PA117">Architecture of Mughal India, Part 1, Volume 4</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26728-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26728-1"><bdi>978-0-521-26728-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 31 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture+of+Mughal+India%2C+Part+1%2C+Volume+4&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-521-26728-1&rft.aulast=Asher&rft.aufirst=Catherine+Blanshard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3ctLNvx68hIC%26q%3Dmaryam%2Bzamani%2Bmosque%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SB-46"><a href="#cite_ref-SB_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadayuni1590" class="citation book cs1">Badayuni, Abdul Qadir (1590). Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh. Vol. 2. p. 112.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh&rft.pages=112&rft.date=1590&rft.aulast=Badayuni&rft.aufirst=Abdul+Qadir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:25-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:25_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_47-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_47-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_47-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_47-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_47-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_47-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_47-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_47-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_47-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_47-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_47-12">m</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukhoty2018" class="citation book cs1">Mukhoty, Ira (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1040634538">Daughters of the Sun: empresses, queens and begums of the Mughal Empire</a>. New Delhi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-86021-12-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-86021-12-0"><bdi>978-93-86021-12-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1040634538">1040634538</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daughters+of+the+Sun%3A+empresses%2C+queens+and+begums+of+the+Mughal+Empire&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1040634538&rft.isbn=978-93-86021-12-0&rft.aulast=Mukhoty&rft.aufirst=Ira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1040634538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/once-upon-a-fable/236712">"Once Upon A Fable"</a>. Outlook India. 5 February 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Outlook+India&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+A+Fable&rft.date=2022-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.outlookindia.com%2Fmagazine%2Fstory%2Fonce-upon-a-fable%2F236712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJhala2011" class="citation book cs1">Jhala, Angma Dey (2011). Royal Patronage, Power and Aesthetics in Princely India. Pickering & Chatto Limited. p. 119.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Patronage%2C+Power+and+Aesthetics+in+Princely+India&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Pickering+%26+Chatto+Limited&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Jhala&rft.aufirst=Angma+Dey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChatterjee1962" class="citation book cs1">Chatterjee, Ramananda (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3gTSAAAAMAAJ&q=%22The+very+name+of+Jodha+Bai+suggests+that+she+was+a+princess+of+Jodhpur,+whereas+all+%22">The Modern Review, Volume 112</a>. Prabasi Press Private Limited. p. 117.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Modern+Review%2C+Volume+112&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Prabasi+Press+Private+Limited&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Chatterjee&rft.aufirst=Ramananda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3gTSAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522The%2Bvery%2Bname%2Bof%2BJodha%2BBai%2Bsuggests%2Bthat%2Bshe%2Bwas%2Ba%2Bprincess%2Bof%2BJodhpur%2C%2Bwhereas%2Ball%2B%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandra2008" class="citation journal cs1">Chandra, Satish (1 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/037698360803500214">"Jodha Bai—Who Is She?"</a>. Indian Historical Review. 35 (2): 237–239. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F037698360803500214">10.1177/037698360803500214</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0376-9836">0376-9836</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148336450">148336450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Jodha+Bai%E2%80%94Who+Is+She%3F&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=237-239&rft.date=2008-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A148336450%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0376-9836&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F037698360803500214&rft.aulast=Chandra&rft.aufirst=Satish&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F037698360803500214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ToI_2007_Trade_Invasion-52"><a href="#cite_ref-ToI_2007_Trade_Invasion_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtul_Sethi2007" class="citation news cs1">Atul Sethi (24 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Trade_not_invasion_brought_Islam_to_India/articleshow/2144414.cms">"Trade, not invasion brought Islam to India"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. Retrieved 15 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Trade%2C+not+invasion+brought+Islam+to+India&rft.date=2007-06-24&rft.au=Atul+Sethi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2FIndia%2FTrade_not_invasion_brought_Islam_to_India%2Farticleshow%2F2144414.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShyamal_Das1888" class="citation web cs1">Shyamal Das, Mahamopadhyaya Kaviraja (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biostor-281458/page/72/mode/2up">"The Mother of Jahángir"</a>. archive.org. Journal of The Asiatic Society of Bengal. Retrieved 2 February 2024. <q>Q. 5. Was Jahángir's mother (a) the daughter or (b) the granddaughter of Bhár Mall ? (a) Jahángír's mother was the elder daughter of Rájá Bhar Mall Kachhwáhá of Amber (Jaipur). She had been married to Akbar, according to Abu-l-Fazl, ft at Sambhar in H. 969 (A. D. 1562). Like Abu-l-Fazl, the other Muhammadan authors have, through prejudice, omitted the name of this lady in their narrative of Jahángir's birth. But Munshi Suján Rái who is considered a reliable authority by the Persian authors, and most likely derived the information relating to Jahángírs birth from the contemporaries of Akbar and Jahangir, plainly says in his. KAulásatu-t-Tawirtkh.t that Jahangir was born of the daughter of Raja Bhar Mall Kachhwáhá, in H. 977 (A. D. 1570), which is also the uniform statement of the Mirát-i- Aftáb Numa,§ the Siyaru-l-Mutakhirin, and the Tdrtkh-1-Rashidu-d-din Khan. The historians of Ráj'pütáná likewise agree in stating Jahangir to have been born of an Amber princess.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.org&rft.atitle=The+Mother+of+Jah%C3%A1ngir&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Shyamal+Das&rft.aufirst=Mahamopadhyaya+Kaviraja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbiostor-281458%2Fpage%2F72%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVogel1910" class="citation book cs1">Vogel, Dr. J. Ph. (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.207520/page/n201/mode/2up">Annual Report Archaeological Survey Of India 1910-II</a>. Superintendent Government Printing, Calcutta, India. p. 94.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+Archaeological+Survey+Of+India+1910-II&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Superintendent+Government+Printing%2C+Calcutta%2C+India&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Vogel&rft.aufirst=Dr.+J.+Ph.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.207520%2Fpage%2Fn201%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1973" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Edmund W. (1973). Mughal Architecture of Fatehpur Sikri. Vol. I. Delhi: Indological Book. p. 31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mughal+Architecture+of+Fatehpur+Sikri&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Indological+Book&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Edmund+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_56-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshirbadi_Lal1964" class="citation book cs1">Ashirbadi Lal, Srivastava (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.241622/page/203/mode/2up?q=Mariam-uz-Zamani%27s+tomb">Medieval Indian Culture</a>. Universal Publications. pp. 204–205.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Indian+Culture&rft.pages=204-205&rft.pub=Universal+Publications&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Ashirbadi+Lal&rft.aufirst=Srivastava&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdli.ernet.241622%2Fpage%2F203%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3DMariam-uz-Zamani%2527s%2Btomb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarkar" class="citation book cs1">Sarkar, Jadunath. A History of Jaipur: C. 1503-1938. pp. 35 & 43.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Jaipur%3A+C.+1503-1938&rft.pages=35+%26+43&rft.aulast=Sarkar&rft.aufirst=Jadunath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NT-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NT_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NT_58-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad1936" class="citation book cs1">Ahmad, Nizamuddin (1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.2532/page/n267/mode/2up?q=258">Tabaqat-i-Akbari</a>. Vol. II. p. 258. <q>When he arrived in the town of Sambar, Raja Bihari Mai, who was one of the renowned Rajas of that country, came with his son, Bhagwan Das, and entered the imperial service, with great loyalty and sincere devotion; and was honoured with various favours and royal benefactions; and his daughter, who was veiled in chastity, was ennobled by a marriage with His Majesty, and was enlisted in the rank of honoured consorts.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tabaqat-i-Akbari&rft.pages=258&rft.date=1936&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=Nizamuddin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.2532%2Fpage%2Fn267%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3D258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_59-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadayuni1884" class="citation book cs1">Badayuni, Abdul Qadir (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.196147/page/n67/mode/2up">Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh</a>. Vol. 2. p. 45. <q>Raja Bharmal then espoused his gentle daughter to Emperor Akbar in honourable wedlock.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh&rft.pages=45&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Badayuni&rft.aufirst=Abdul+Qadir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.196147%2Fpage%2Fn67%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith6-60"><a href="#cite_ref-Smith6_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1917" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Vincent Arthur (1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924024056503">Akbar the Great Mogul</a>. Oxford, Clarendon Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924024056503/page/n83">58</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89563-471-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89563-471-9"><bdi>978-0-89563-471-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Akbar+the+Great+Mogul&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Oxford%2C+Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1917&rft.isbn=978-0-89563-471-9&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Vincent+Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924024056503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLal1988" class="citation book cs1">Lal, Muni (1988). Mughal Glory. Konark Publishers Pvt Ltd. pp. 58–59.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mughal+Glory&rft.pages=58-59&rft.pub=Konark+Publishers+Pvt+Ltd&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Lal&rft.aufirst=Muni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLal1980" class="citation book cs1">Lal, Muni (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Akbar/page/n113/mode/2up?q=Jodha+bai">Akbar</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Akbar&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Lal&rft.aufirst=Muni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FAkbar%2Fpage%2Fn113%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3DJodha%2Bbai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrasad1930" class="citation book cs1">Prasad, Beni (1930). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.281009">History of Jahangir</a>. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Jahangir&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1930&rft.aulast=Prasad&rft.aufirst=Beni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.281009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rank-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rank_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rank_64-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFazl1910" class="citation book cs1">Fazl, Abul (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.469730/page/n37/mode/2up?q=High+rank">The Akbarnama</a>. ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. p. 36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Akbarnama&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=ASIATIC+SOCIETY+OF+BENGAL&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Fazl&rft.aufirst=Abul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.469730%2Fpage%2Fn37%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3DHigh%2Brank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad2014" class="citation book cs1">Ahmad, Aziz (31 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/StudiesInIslamicCultureInTheIndianE">Studies In Islamic Culture In The Indian E</a>. p. 103.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+In+Islamic+Culture+In+The+Indian+E&rft.pages=103&rft.date=2014-12-31&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=Aziz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FStudiesInIslamicCultureInTheIndianE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEraly2000146-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEraly2000146_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEraly2000">Eraly 2000</a>, p. 146. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELal1980134-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELal1980134_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLal1980">Lal 1980</a>, p. 134. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELal1980143-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELal1980143_68-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLal1980">Lal 1980</a>, p. 143. </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProfessor1990" class="citation journal cs1">Professor, Badani (1990). "Akbar's intimate relationship with Rajput clan". Aligarh Muslim University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Akbar%27s+intimate+relationship+with+Rajput+clan&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Professor&rft.aufirst=Badani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLal1988" class="citation book cs1">Lal, Muni (1988). Mughal Glory. Konark Publishers Pvt Ltd. p. 87.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mughal+Glory&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Konark+Publishers+Pvt+Ltd&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Lal&rft.aufirst=Muni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1917225-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1917225_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith1917">Smith 1917</a>, p. 225. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEraly2000273-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEraly2000273_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEraly2000">Eraly 2000</a>, p. 273. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190956-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190956_73-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRogersBeveridge1909">Rogers & Beveridge 1909</a>, p. 56. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEraly2000136-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEraly2000136_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEraly2000">Eraly 2000</a>, p. 136. </li> <li id="cite_note-Findly10-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Findly10_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Findly10_75-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Findly10_75-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFindly" class="citation book cs1">Findly, Ellison Banks. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/603650">Mughal Women</a>. 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London: Reaktion Books. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-185-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-185-3"><bdi>978-1-86189-185-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/61751123">61751123</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+empire+of+the+great+Mughals%3A+history%2C+art+and+culture&rft.place=London&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F61751123&rft.isbn=978-1-86189-185-3&rft.aulast=Schimmel&rft.aufirst=Annemarie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F61751123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFazl1590" class="citation book cs1">Fazl, Abul (1590). 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Clarendon Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+of+Islamic+culture+in+the+Indian+Environment&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=Aziz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFindly1993">Findly 1993</a>, p. 189: "Jahangir opened his memoirs with a tribute to the Sufi, calling him 'the fountainhead of most of the saints of India', and in late 1608 he recalled his father's pilgrimage with Mariam-uz-Zamani to Khawaja Moinuddin Chisti's shrine in hopes of sons by making his own pilgrimage to Akbar's tomb in Sikandra." </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed1599" class="citation book cs1">Ahmed, Nizamuddin (1599). Tabaqat-i-Akbari. p. 144.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tabaqat-i-Akbari&rft.pages=144&rft.date=1599&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Nizamuddin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeni_Prasad1930" class="citation book cs1">Beni Prasad (1930). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.281009">History Of Jahangir 1930</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+Of+Jahangir+1930&rft.date=1930&rft.au=Beni+Prasad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.281009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190945–46-86"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190945–46_86-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRogersBeveridge1909">Rogers & Beveridge 1909</a>, pp. 45–46. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeveridge1907" class="citation book cs1">Beveridge, H. 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Indian History Congress: 466. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44142642">44142642</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Indian+History+Congress&rft.atitle=Maryam+Zamani%27s+Baoli+at+Bayana&rft.volume=52&rft.pages=466&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44142642%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bargoti&rft.aufirst=Rajeev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44142642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogersBeveridge1625" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, Alexander; Beveridge, Henry, eds. (1625). Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri. p. 292.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri&rft.pages=292&rft.date=1625&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmperor_of_India1999" class="citation book cs1">Emperor of India, Jahangir (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha/page/60/mode/1up?q=Maryamuzzamani">The Jahangirnama: memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India</a>. Translated by Thackston, W. M. Washington, D. C.: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; New York: Oxford University Press. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512718-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512718-8"><bdi>978-0-19-512718-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jahangirnama%3A+memoirs+of+Jahangir%2C+Emperor+of+India&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Washington%2C+D.+C.%3A+Freer+Gallery+of+Art%2C+Arthur+M.+Sackler+Gallery%2C+Smithsonian+Institution%3B+New+York%3A+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-512718-8&rft.aulast=Emperor+of+India&rft.aufirst=Jahangir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjahangirnamamemo00jaha%2Fpage%2F60%2Fmode%2F1up%3Fq%3DMaryamuzzamani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190976-108"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190976_108-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRogersBeveridge1909">Rogers & Beveridge 1909</a>, p. 76. </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTerry1616" class="citation book cs1">Terry, Edward (1616). A voyage to East India. p. 82.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+voyage+to+East+India&rft.pages=82&rft.date=1616&rft.aulast=Terry&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohammad_Azhar_Ansari1975" class="citation book cs1">Mohammad Azhar Ansari (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.219835">European Travellers Under The Mughals 1580 1627</a>. p. 78.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Travellers+Under+The+Mughals+1580+1627&rft.pages=78&rft.date=1975&rft.au=Mohammad+Azhar+Ansari&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.219835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmperor_of_India1999" class="citation book cs1">Emperor of India, Jahangir (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha/page/292/mode/1up?q=Maryamuzzamani">The Jahangirnama: memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India</a>. Translated by Thackston, W. M. Washington, D. C.: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; New York: Oxford University Press. p. 292. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512718-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512718-8"><bdi>978-0-19-512718-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jahangirnama%3A+memoirs+of+Jahangir%2C+Emperor+of+India&rft.pages=292&rft.pub=Washington%2C+D.+C.%3A+Freer+Gallery+of+Art%2C+Arthur+M.+Sackler+Gallery%2C+Smithsonian+Institution%3B+New+York%3A+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-512718-8&rft.aulast=Emperor+of+India&rft.aufirst=Jahangir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjahangirnamamemo00jaha%2Fpage%2F292%2Fmode%2F1up%3Fq%3DMaryamuzzamani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:08-112">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:08_112-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:08_112-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:08_112-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:08_112-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFFindly1993">Findly 1993</a>, pp. 177–178: "About this time, Jahangir's own immediate family experienced some changes. His mother, the charismatic and adventurous Hindu widow of Akbar, Maryamuzzamani, died early in the summer of 1623 in Agra and was buried in a tomb in Sikandra near her husband, Akbar. Maryamuzzamani had played an important social role in Jahangir's life by hosting most of his family celebrations at her own home, and she had, in the larger arena, helped chart the role of Mughal women in the newly expanding business of foreign trade. Though Jahangir must have grieved immensely at her death, his notice of it in his memoirs was very short, saying only that “I trust that Almighty God will envelop her in the ocean of His mercy.” She was the last in the illustrious series of parents to die in this period, and her death came, strangely, only four years before Jahangir's own." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190978,_230-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190978,_230_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRogersBeveridge1909">Rogers & Beveridge 1909</a>, p. 78, 230. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge1909145-114"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge1909145_114-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRogersBeveridge1909">Rogers & Beveridge 1909</a>, p. 145. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1993165-115"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly1993165_115-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFindly1993">Findly 1993</a>, p. 165. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190981-116"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersBeveridge190981_116-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRogersBeveridge1909">Rogers & Beveridge 1909</a>, p. 81. </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadayuni1590" class="citation book cs1">Badayuni, Abdul Qadir (1590). Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh. Vol. II. p. 269.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh&rft.pages=269&rft.date=1590&rft.aulast=Badayuni&rft.aufirst=Abdul+Qadir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadayuni1590" class="citation book cs1">Badayuni, Abdul Qadir (1590). Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh. Vol. 2. pp. 312–313.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh&rft.pages=312-313&rft.date=1590&rft.aulast=Badayuni&rft.aufirst=Abdul+Qadir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukhia2004" class="citation book cs1">Mukhia, Harbans (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/214282198">The Mughals of India</a>. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. pp. 132–133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-75830-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-75830-4"><bdi>978-0-470-75830-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/214282198">214282198</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mughals+of+India&rft.place=Malden%2C+MA&rft.pages=132-133&rft.pub=Blackwell+Pub&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F214282198&rft.isbn=978-0-470-75830-4&rft.aulast=Mukhia&rft.aufirst=Harbans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F214282198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELal1980299-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELal1980299_120-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLal1980">Lal 1980</a>, p. 299. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLal1980">Lal 1980</a>, p. 301: "Akbar's mind was made up. Salim had to be saved from himself. Orders were issued for a force to be got ready immediately. The expedition was to be led by the Emperor himself. Here was a bold decision—perhaps the boldest of his life—by the 62-year-old, grief-stricken monarch to wage a war against his son. Mariam Zamani was torn by conflicting loyalties. So was the old and weak Mariam Makani. They pleaded with Akbar for restraint but to no avail. The Emperor had geared himself to a pitch of resolve from where there was no going back. He moved out of Agra on 21 August 1604. This time there were no ladies in his entourage." </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLal1980">Lal 1980</a>, p. 303: "Some chroniclers aver that Emperor gave smack on his son's face, felled him and ordered that he should be kept in solitary confinement in one of the ghusalkhanas of the fort. Alcoholic drinks and opium were not permitted to be served to him. Salim was in agony. On the second day, he raved like a madman and begged for a cup of his favourite wine. The Emperor relented and deputed one of his personal physicians to examine the Prince and prescribe such quantities of alcohol as he considered necessary for his health. The taming of the temperamental Salim bristled with complications, especially when Mariam Zamani and Sultan Salima Begum took into their scheming heads to leave no design unused to win freedom for their Baba. The pressure from the senior ladies became too compelling to be resisted for long. Akbar gave in and allowed Salim to shift to his palace." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly199396-123"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly199396_123-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFindly1993">Findly 1993</a>, p. 96. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1988232-124">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly1988232_124-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly1988232_124-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly1988232_124-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFFindly1988">Findly 1988</a>, p. 232. </li> <li id="cite_note-Farman-125"><a href="#cite_ref-Farman_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTirmizi1979" class="citation book cs1">Tirmizi, S.A.I. (1979). Edicts from the Mughal Harem, Farman of Marium uz Zamani. Idarah-I-Adabiyat-I-Delli. p. 69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edicts+from+the+Mughal+Harem%2C+Farman+of+Marium+uz+Zamani&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Idarah-I-Adabiyat-I-Delli&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Tirmizi&rft.aufirst=S.A.I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tirmizi1-126"><a href="#cite_ref-Tirmizi1_126-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTirmizi1979" class="citation book cs1">Tirmizi, S.A.I. (1979). Edicts from the Mughal Harem. Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli. pp. 127–128. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/465427663">465427663</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edicts+from+the+Mughal+Harem&rft.pages=127-128&rft.pub=Idarah-i+Adabiyat-i+Delli&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F465427663&rft.aulast=Tirmizi&rft.aufirst=S.A.I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mishra-127"><a href="#cite_ref-Mishra_127-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMishra1967" class="citation book cs1">Mishra, Rekha (1967). Women in Mughal India, 1526–1748 A.D. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-215-0347-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-215-0347-1"><bdi>978-81-215-0347-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+Mughal+India%2C+1526%E2%80%931748+A.D&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Munshiram+Manoharlal&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-81-215-0347-1&rft.aulast=Mishra&rft.aufirst=Rekha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMishra1967112-128"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMishra1967112_128-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMishra1967">Mishra 1967</a>, p. 112. </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukherjee2001" class="citation book cs1">Mukherjee, Soma (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v-2TyjzZhZEC">Royal Mughal Ladies and Their Contributions</a>. Gyan Books. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-212-0760-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-212-0760-7"><bdi>978-81-212-0760-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Mughal+Ladies+and+Their+Contributions&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Gyan+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-212-0760-7&rft.aulast=Mukherjee&rft.aufirst=Soma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv-2TyjzZhZEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXavier1606" class="citation journal cs1">Xavier, Jesuit (1606). "Missoes Jesuitas Na India". British Library London, MS 9854: 44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Missoes+Jesuitas+Na+India&rft.pages=44&rft.date=1606&rft.aulast=Xavier&rft.aufirst=Jesuit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1993365-131"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly1993365_131-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFindly1993">Findly 1993</a>, p. 365. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1993122-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly1993122_132-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFindly1993">Findly 1993</a>, p. 122. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukherjee2001" class="citation book cs1">Mukherjee, Soma (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v-2TyjzZhZEC&dq=Rahimi+ship&pg=PA238">Royal Mughal Ladies and Their Contributions</a>. Gyan Books. p. 238. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-212-0760-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-212-0760-7"><bdi>978-81-212-0760-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Mughal+Ladies+and+Their+Contributions&rft.pages=238&rft.pub=Gyan+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-212-0760-7&rft.aulast=Mukherjee&rft.aufirst=Soma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv-2TyjzZhZEC%26dq%3DRahimi%2Bship%26pg%3DPA238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DirkCollier-134"><a href="#cite_ref-DirkCollier_134-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollier2011" class="citation book cs1">Collier, Dirk (2011). The Emperor's writings: Memories of Akbar the Great. p. 326.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emperor%27s+writings%3A+Memories+of+Akbar+the+Great&rft.pages=326&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Collier&rft.aufirst=Dirk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Qa-135"><a href="#cite_ref-Qa_135-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSafdarKhan2021" class="citation journal cs1">Safdar, Aiysha; Khan, Muhammad Azam (January–June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/indianStudies/PDF/12_v7_1_21.pdf">"History of Indian Ocean-A South Indian perspective"</a> (PDF). Journal of Indian Studies. 7 (1): 186. <q>The most influential queen of the Mughal Emperor Akbar (1542-1605), and mother of Emperor Jahangir, was the beautiful Empress Mariam-uz-Zamani, commonly known as Jodha Bai. She stands out as an adviser who maintained that without a strong navy, the Mughal Empire would be overtaken by foreign armies. As the Mughals had come from Afghanistan and Turkmenistan, both landlocked countries, the concept of a navy was just not in their DNA. But then Akbar allowed his favourite and most loved wife to build ships for trade and Haj pilgrims at the Khizri Darwaza on the River Ravi.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Indian+Studies&rft.atitle=History+of+Indian+Ocean-A+South+Indian+perspective&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=186&rft.date=2021-01%2F2021-06&rft.aulast=Safdar&rft.aufirst=Aiysha&rft.au=Khan%2C+Muhammad+Azam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpu.edu.pk%2Fimages%2Fjournal%2FindianStudies%2FPDF%2F12_v7_1_21.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-136"><a href="#cite_ref-:14_136-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPayne1930" class="citation book cs1">Payne, C.H. (1930). Jahangir and the Jesuits. George Routledge and sons. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.537038/page/n173/mode/2up">[1]</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jahangir+and+the+Jesuits&rft.pages=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.537038%2Fpage%2Fn173%2Fmode%2F2up&rft.pub=George+Routledge+and+sons&rft.date=1930&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=C.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1988233-137">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly1988233_137-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly1988233_137-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly1988233_137-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly1988233_137-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly1988233_137-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly1988233_137-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFFindly1988">Findly 1988</a>, p. 233. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1988227-138"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly1988227_138-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFindly1988">Findly 1988</a>, p. 227. </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-139">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:15_139-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_139-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSafdarKhan2021" class="citation journal cs1">Safdar, Aiysha; Khan, Muhammad Azam (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pu.edu.pk/home/journal/44/v7_no1_21.html">"History of Indian Ocean-A south Indian perspective"</a>. Journal of Indian Studies. 7 (1): 186–188. <q>The Empress, Mariam Zamani then ordered the building of an even larger ship with 62 guns and placements for over 400 musket men. It was named Ganj-i-Sawai, and it was in its day the most fearsome ship on the seas, and its objective was to trade and take pilgrims to Mecca, and on the way back convert all the goods sold into gold and silver as well as bring the pilgrims back. But then the English, posing as pirates, attacked with a 25-ship armada of alleged pirates. At Mecca, they claimed they were slave traders.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Indian+Studies&rft.atitle=History+of+Indian+Ocean-A+south+Indian+perspective&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=186-188&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Safdar&rft.aufirst=Aiysha&rft.au=Khan%2C+Muhammad+Azam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpu.edu.pk%2Fhome%2Fjournal%2F44%2Fv7_no1_21.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1617497/harking-back-the-empress-and-her-two-doomed-pilgrim-ships">"Harking back: The Empress and her two doomed pilgrim ships"</a>. 11 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harking+back%3A+The+Empress+and+her+two+doomed+pilgrim+ships&rft.date=2021-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1617497%2Fharking-back-the-empress-and-her-two-doomed-pilgrim-ships&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Foster1897" class="citation book cs1">William Foster (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/LettersReceivedByTheEastIndiaCompanyVolII">Letters Received By The East India Company</a>. Vol. II. p. 213.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letters+Received+By+The+East+India+Company&rft.pages=213&rft.date=1897&rft.au=William+Foster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FLettersReceivedByTheEastIndiaCompanyVolII&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGascoigneGascoigne1971" class="citation book cs1">Gascoigne, Bamber; Gascoigne, Christina (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/greatmoghuls00gasc">The great Moghuls</a>. Internet Archive. New York, Harper & Row. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-011467-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-011467-1"><bdi>978-0-06-011467-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+great+Moghuls&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=New+York%2C+Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-06-011467-1&rft.aulast=Gascoigne&rft.aufirst=Bamber&rft.au=Gascoigne%2C+Christina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatmoghuls00gasc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:16-143">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:16_143-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_143-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1921" class="citation book cs1">Foster, William (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/earlytravelsinin00fostuoft">Early travels in India, 1583-1619</a>. Robarts - University of Toronto. London: Oxford University Press. p. 123.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+travels+in+India%2C+1583-1619&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=London%3A+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fearlytravelsinin00fostuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1921" class="citation book cs1">Foster, William (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/earlytravelsinin00fostuoft">Early travels in India, 1583-1619</a>. Robarts - University of Toronto. London: Oxford University Press. p. 83.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+travels+in+India%2C+1583-1619&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=London%3A+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fearlytravelsinin00fostuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1921" class="citation book cs1">Foster, William (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/earlytravelsinin00fostuoft">Early travels in India, 1583-1619</a>. Robarts - University of Toronto. London: Oxford University Press. p. 92.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+travels+in+India%2C+1583-1619&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=London%3A+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fearlytravelsinin00fostuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1921" class="citation book cs1">Foster, William (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/earlytravelsinin00fostuoft">Early travels in India, 1583-1619</a>. Robarts - University of Toronto. London: Oxford University Press. p. 124.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+travels+in+India%2C+1583-1619&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=London%3A+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fearlytravelsinin00fostuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJourdain1905" class="citation book cs1">Jourdain, John (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/journalofjohnjou00jouriala">The journal of John Jourdain, (1608-1617)</a>. University of California Libraries. Cambridge [Eng.]: Printed for the Hakluyt society. pp. 157–158.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+journal+of+John+Jourdain%2C+%281608-1617%29&rft.pages=157-158&rft.pub=Cambridge+%5BEng.%5D%3A+Printed+for+the+Hakluyt+society&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Jourdain&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjournalofjohnjou00jouriala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJourdain1905" class="citation book cs1">Jourdain, John (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/journalofjohnjou00jouriala">The journal of John Jourdain, (1608-1617)</a>. University of California Libraries. Cambridge [Eng.]: Printed for the Hakluyt society. pp. 186–187.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+journal+of+John+Jourdain%2C+%281608-1617%29&rft.pages=186-187&rft.pub=Cambridge+%5BEng.%5D%3A+Printed+for+the+Hakluyt+society&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Jourdain&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjournalofjohnjou00jouriala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1993129-149"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly1993129_149-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFindly1993">Findly 1993</a>, p. 129. </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreat_Britain._Public_Record_OfficeGreat_Britain._Colonial_OfficeGreat_Britain._India_Office1860" class="citation book cs1">Great Britain. Public Record Office; Great Britain. Colonial Office; Great Britain. India Office (1860). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/colonialrecordsc02greauoft">Colonial Records. Calendar of State Papers, Colonial</a>. Robarts - University of Toronto. London: Longmans, H.M.S.O. p. 258.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonial+Records.+Calendar+of+State+Papers%2C+Colonial&rft.pages=258&rft.pub=London%3A+Longmans%2C+H.M.S.O.&rft.date=1860&rft.au=Great+Britain.+Public+Record+Office&rft.au=Great+Britain.+Colonial+Office&rft.au=Great+Britain.+India+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcolonialrecordsc02greauoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-151">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_151-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_151-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1921" class="citation book cs1">Foster, William (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/earlytravelsinin00fostuoft">Early travels in India, 1583-1619</a>. Robarts - University of Toronto. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 129–130.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+travels+in+India%2C+1583-1619&rft.pages=129-130&rft.pub=London%3A+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fearlytravelsinin00fostuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Foster1897" class="citation book cs1">William Foster (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/LettersReceivedByTheEastIndiaCompanyVolII">Letters Received By The East India Compan</a>. Vol. II. p. 229.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letters+Received+By+The+East+India+Compan&rft.pages=229&rft.date=1897&rft.au=William+Foster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FLettersReceivedByTheEastIndiaCompanyVolII&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFindly1993130-153"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFindly1993130_153-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFindly1993">Findly 1993</a>, p. 130. </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-154">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:17_154-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_154-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1921" class="citation book cs1">Foster, William (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/earlytravelsinin00fostuoft">Early travels in India, 1583-1619</a>. Robarts - University of Toronto. 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DNA India.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DNA+India&rft.atitle=Show+review%3A+So+far%2C+so+good&rft.date=2013-06-26&rft.aulast=Unnikrishnan&rft.aufirst=Chaya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Fentertainment%2Freport-show-review-so-far-so-good-1853274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrivedi" class="citation news cs1">Trivedi, Tanvi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/After-being-replaced-Delnaaz-is-back-on-Akbar-Birbal/articleshow/54896166.cms">"After being replaced, Delnaaz is back on 'Akbar Birbal' – Times of India"</a>. 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The Times of India.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Akbar+Ka+Bal+Birbal%27s+Aditi+Sajwan+aka+Rani+Saheba%27s+new+best+friend+on+the+sets+of+the+show&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Ftv%2Fnews%2Fhindi%2Fakbar-ka-bal-birbals-aditi-sajwan-aka-rani-sahebas-new-best-friend-on-the-sets-of-the-show%2Farticleshow%2F77938058.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/19960430-manohar-ashis-film-akbars-bridge-glorifies-emperors-winning-cosmopolitan-ways-833456-1996-04-30">"Akbar's Bridge"</a>. India Today. 30 April 1996. Retrieved 18 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Akbar%27s+Bridge&rft.date=1996-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Fmagazine%2Fyour-week%2Fstory%2F19960430-manohar-ashis-film-akbars-bridge-glorifies-emperors-winning-cosmopolitan-ways-833456-1996-04-30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/sandhya-mridul-unveils-her-character-in-taj-divided-by-blood--news-265543">"Sandhya Mridul Unveils Her Character In 'Taj: Divided By Blood'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Outlook_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Outlook India">Outlook India</a>. 26 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Outlook+India&rft.atitle=Sandhya+Mridul+Unveils+Her+Character+In+%27Taj%3A+Divided+By+Blood%27&rft.date=2023-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.outlookindia.com%2Fart-entertainment%2Fsandhya-mridul-unveils-her-character-in-taj-divided-by-blood--news-265543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariam-uz-Zamani" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariam-uz-Zamani&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 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href="https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Iod50fcAtBjGrbfue3WI9H/Jodhabai-More-than-Akbars-wife.html#ampf=%7Ctitle=">Jodha, More than Akbar's wife</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/jodha-bai-344257-2016-10-01">Unknown fact about Queen Mother Mariam uz Zamani</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1542722">Harking back: Mystery of the Rajput empress Mariam Zamani</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utsavpedia.com/fashion-cults/jodha/">Jodha, Queen of sheer opulence</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1617497/harking-back-the-empress-and-her-two-doomed-pilgrim-ships">Harking back: The Empress and her two doomed pilgrim ships</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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1,\n [\"CITEREFChandra2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChatterjee1576\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChatterjee1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChatterjee2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChaudhary2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollier2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmperor_of_India1999\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFEraly\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEraly2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFazl1590\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFFazl1907\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFazl1910\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFindly\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFindly1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFindly1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForeign_Department_Of_India1905\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoster1897\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoster1899\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoster1902\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoster1921\"] = 7,\n [\"CITEREFGardiner1883\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGascoigneGascoigne1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilbert2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreat_Britain._Public_Record_OfficeGreat_Britain._Colonial_OfficeGreat_Britain._India_Office1860\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHavell1918\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHavell_EB1912\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHavelli_EB1912\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHindu_Shah1595–1612\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHooja2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoughteling2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIftikhar2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIftikhar2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJahangirThackston1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJhala2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJourdain1905\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKhan1970\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFKoch1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoch1990\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLal1977\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLal1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLal1988\"] = 5,\n [\"CITEREFLatif1892\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLowe1884\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManuelLyonWilcox2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMehta\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMishra1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMohammad_Azhar_Ansari1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMohammada2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMortimer_Wheeler1950\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMukherjee2001\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFMukhia2004\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMukhoty2018\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFOrme1805\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPayne1930\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPillai2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrasad1930\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrice1829\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFProfessor1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRajadhyakshaWillemen1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoeFoster1899\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogers1909\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogersBeveridge1625\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogersBeveridge1909\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSafdarKhan2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSarkar\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSarkar1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchimmel2004\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFShyamal_Das1888\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1917\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSrivastava._A.l.1957\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSrivastava1947\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSujan_Rai1695\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTerry1616\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTirmizi1979\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFTirmizi1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrivedi\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnnikrishnan2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVerma1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVogel1910\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFW._Noel_Sainsbury1870\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliam_Foster1897\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFXavier1606\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFchief2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFranasafvi2018\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 10,\n [\"Circa\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 130,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 15,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 16,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Mariam-Uz-Zamani\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 2,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 5,\n [\"Infobox royalty\"] = 1,\n [\"Lit\"] = 6,\n [\"Main article\"] = 1,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 3,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 49,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Unreferenced section\"] = 1,\n [\"Use Indian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Verify source\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["dataWrapper 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