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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Seghers" title="Daniel Seghers – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Daniel Seghers" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="دانيال سيجيرس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دانيال سيجيرس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers" title="Daniël Seghers – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Daniël Seghers" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Flemish painter (1590–1661)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Daniel Seghers</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Seghers_(1590-1661)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Daniel_Seghers_%281590-1661%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Daniel_Seghers_%281590-1661%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Daniel_Seghers_%281590-1661%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Daniel_Seghers_%281590-1661%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Daniel_Seghers_%281590-1661%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Daniel_Seghers_%281590-1661%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4706" data-file-height="5579" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Portrait of Seghers</i> by <a href="/wiki/Paulus_Pontius" title="Paulus Pontius">Paulus Pontius</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1590-12-03</span>)</span>3 December 1590<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Duchy of Brabant</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">2 November 1661<span style="display:none">(1661-11-02)</span> (aged 70)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Antwerp, Duchy of Brabant</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Daniel Seghers</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (3<span class="nowrap"> </span>December 1590 – 2<span class="nowrap"> </span>November 1661<sup id="cite_ref-rkd_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rkd-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was a Flemish <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> brother and <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Baroque_painter" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemish Baroque painter">painter</a> who specialized in flower <a href="/wiki/Still_life" title="Still life">still lifes</a>. He is particularly well known for his contributions to the genre of flower garland painting.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His paintings were collected enthusiastically by aristocratic patrons and he had numerous followers and imitators.<sup id="cite_ref-martin_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Seghers&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_and_Simon_de_Vos_-_A_Garland_of_Flowers_Surrounding_a_Mocking_of_Christ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_and_Simon_de_Vos_-_A_Garland_of_Flowers_Surrounding_a_Mocking_of_Christ.jpg/170px-Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_and_Simon_de_Vos_-_A_Garland_of_Flowers_Surrounding_a_Mocking_of_Christ.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_and_Simon_de_Vos_-_A_Garland_of_Flowers_Surrounding_a_Mocking_of_Christ.jpg/255px-Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_and_Simon_de_Vos_-_A_Garland_of_Flowers_Surrounding_a_Mocking_of_Christ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_and_Simon_de_Vos_-_A_Garland_of_Flowers_Surrounding_a_Mocking_of_Christ.jpg/340px-Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_and_Simon_de_Vos_-_A_Garland_of_Flowers_Surrounding_a_Mocking_of_Christ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption><i>Garland of flowers surrounding a mocking of Christ</i>, figures by <a href="/wiki/Simon_de_Vos" title="Simon de Vos">Simon de Vos</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Seghers was born in <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>. He moved with his mother to the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>, probably <a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a> around 1601, following the death of his father Pieter and the conversion of his mother to <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-benezit_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benezit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rkd_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rkd-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He possibly started his initial training as an artist in Utrecht.<sup id="cite_ref-rkd_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rkd-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The young artist returned to Antwerp by 1611, where he was enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/Guild_of_Saint_Luke" title="Guild of Saint Luke">Guild of Saint Luke</a> as a pupil of <a href="/wiki/Jan_Brueghel_the_Elder" title="Jan Brueghel the Elder">Jan Brueghel the Elder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seghers re-converted to <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> and in 1614 he became a <a href="/wiki/Novitiate" title="Novitiate">novice</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> order in <a href="/wiki/Mechelen" title="Mechelen">Mechelen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-martin_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1614 Seghers joined the <i>Sodaliteit der Bejaarde Jongmans</i> (Society of Bachelors of Age), a fraternity for bachelors established by the Jesuit order.<sup id="cite_ref-lig_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lig-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Society's membership consisted principally of citizens from the elite and wealthy middle classes including artists and merchants. Through their membership of the Society, artists were able to access an important network of contacts which could benefit their careers.<sup id="cite_ref-pour_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pour-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seghers is recorded in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> in 1621 where he is known to have produced two flower garland paintings for the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._Michael_and_St._Gudula" title="Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula">Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula</a>. In 1625 Seghers took his final vows as a Jesuit priest. Sources differ regarding his status in the Jesuit order: some claim that he was ordained a priest in 1625,<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while others argue that he remained a <a href="/wiki/Lay_brother" title="Lay brother">lay brother</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-martin_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1625 Seghers left for Rome where he stayed for two years. In Rome, Seghers had the opportunity to work on projects with the leading painters: he collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Poussin" title="Nicolas Poussin">Nicolas Poussin</a> on a few religious paintings, while for Cardinal Ludovisi, Seghers painted a flower garland around an oval cartouche filled with putti by the hand of the Italian painter <a href="/wiki/Domenichino" title="Domenichino">Domenichino</a>. The composition is referred to as <i>Double wreath surrounding a medaillion with the triumph of love</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-bar_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bar-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_-_Bloemenkrans_-_MSK_Brussel_25-02-2011_13-28-07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_-_Bloemenkrans_-_MSK_Brussel_25-02-2011_13-28-07.jpg/240px-Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_-_Bloemenkrans_-_MSK_Brussel_25-02-2011_13-28-07.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_-_Bloemenkrans_-_MSK_Brussel_25-02-2011_13-28-07.jpg/360px-Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_-_Bloemenkrans_-_MSK_Brussel_25-02-2011_13-28-07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_-_Bloemenkrans_-_MSK_Brussel_25-02-2011_13-28-07.jpg/480px-Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_-_Bloemenkrans_-_MSK_Brussel_25-02-2011_13-28-07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2162" data-file-height="1336" /></a><figcaption><i>Flower garland</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Seghers returned to his native city in 1627 where he continued to work as a painter for the remainder of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seghers was visited in his studio in Antwerp by the <a href="/wiki/Cardinal-Infante_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria">Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria</a> (in 1635), <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Wilhelm_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria">Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria</a> (in 1641), <a href="/wiki/Christina,_Queen_of_Sweden" title="Christina, Queen of Sweden">Queen Christina of Sweden</a> and Charles II, King of England (both in 1649). He is known to have painted a cartouche of flowers for Charles II. His work was also much admired by his fellow artists, including Rubens.<sup id="cite_ref-col_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-col-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His pupils included <a href="/wiki/Jan_Philip_van_Thielen" title="Jan Philip van Thielen">Jan Philip van Thielen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottmar_Elliger" title="Ottmar Elliger">Ottmar Elliger</a> and Ignace Raeth and likely also <a href="/wiki/Andries_Bosman" title="Andries Bosman">Andries Bosman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rkd_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rkd-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bran_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bran-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Seghers&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General">General</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Seghers&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: General"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Seghers_-_Flowers_in_a_glass_vase_with_a_red_admiral_butterfly.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Daniel_Seghers_-_Flowers_in_a_glass_vase_with_a_red_admiral_butterfly.jpeg/170px-Daniel_Seghers_-_Flowers_in_a_glass_vase_with_a_red_admiral_butterfly.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Daniel_Seghers_-_Flowers_in_a_glass_vase_with_a_red_admiral_butterfly.jpeg/255px-Daniel_Seghers_-_Flowers_in_a_glass_vase_with_a_red_admiral_butterfly.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Daniel_Seghers_-_Flowers_in_a_glass_vase_with_a_red_admiral_butterfly.jpeg/340px-Daniel_Seghers_-_Flowers_in_a_glass_vase_with_a_red_admiral_butterfly.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2211" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption><i>Flowers in a glass vase with a red admiral butterfly</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Seghers was exclusively a flower painter, mainly of cartouches and flower garlands as well as pure flower paintings. He was very prolific and 239 works are currently attributed to the artist.<sup id="cite_ref-flowers_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flowers-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not easy to establish a chronology for Seghers's paintings since he only dated his works in the period 1635–1651. Possibly there was a stylistic development in his flower garlands from the initial almost uniform garlands towards garlands composed of three or four groups of flowers. Stylistically, there is clearly in his early work a recognisable influence of Jan Brueghel the Elder.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1630 on Seghers strived for a livelier painting of flowers in arrangements that look more natural. His flowers in this later period light up against a dark background and have a sculptural character.<sup id="cite_ref-bar_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bar-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like his master Brueghel, Seghers used flowers and plants that grew in his home country and in particular cultivated garden flowers and he did not respect the blooming seasons of the flowers he painted together.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bar_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bar-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had a preference for locally-grown roses and tulips that are just about to bloom.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his detailed rendering of flowers and plants, Seghers betrayed the skill of a miniaturist.<sup id="cite_ref-tento_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tento-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of Seghers's paintings are <a href="/wiki/Oil_paint" title="Oil paint">oil</a> on <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, a support often used for <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_painting" title="Cabinet painting">cabinet paintings</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Garland_paintings">Garland paintings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Seghers&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Garland paintings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_and_Domenichino_-_Double_wreath_surrounding_a_medaillion_with_the_triumph_of_love.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_and_Domenichino_-_Double_wreath_surrounding_a_medaillion_with_the_triumph_of_love.jpg/170px-Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_and_Domenichino_-_Double_wreath_surrounding_a_medaillion_with_the_triumph_of_love.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_and_Domenichino_-_Double_wreath_surrounding_a_medaillion_with_the_triumph_of_love.jpg/255px-Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_and_Domenichino_-_Double_wreath_surrounding_a_medaillion_with_the_triumph_of_love.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_and_Domenichino_-_Double_wreath_surrounding_a_medaillion_with_the_triumph_of_love.jpg/340px-Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_and_Domenichino_-_Double_wreath_surrounding_a_medaillion_with_the_triumph_of_love.jpg 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="917" /></a><figcaption><i>Double wreath surrounding a medaillion with the triumph of love</i></figcaption></figure> <p>A majority of Seghers's work is in a distinctively Flemish genre, which is referred to as 'garland paintings'. Garland paintings are a special type of still life developed in Antwerp by Seghers's master Jan Brueghel the Elder in collaboration with the Italian <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">cardinal</a> <a href="/wiki/Federico_Borromeo" title="Federico Borromeo">Federico Borromeo</a> at the beginning of the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-freedberg_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freedberg-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other artists involved in the early development of the genre included <a href="/wiki/Hendrick_van_Balen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hendrick van Balen">Hendrick van Balen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andries_Daniels" title="Andries Daniels">Andries Daniels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a> and Seghers himself. The genre was initially connected to the visual imagery of the <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a> movement.<sup id="cite_ref-freedberg_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freedberg-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was further inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to <a href="/wiki/Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary (mother of Jesus)">Mary</a> prevalent at the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a> court (then the rulers over the Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally.<sup id="cite_ref-freedberg_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freedberg-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-merriam_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merriam-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Garland paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image, portrait or other religious symbol (such as the <a href="/wiki/Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">host</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-merriam_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merriam-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the second half of the century secular themes such as portraits and mythological subjects also decorated the central part of the many paintings made in this fashion.<sup id="cite_ref-martin_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seghers innovated the concept of his teacher Brueghel by including a stone <a href="/wiki/Cartouche" title="Cartouche">cartouche</a> as the framing elements for the flower garland.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also painted garland paintings of the <a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0" title="Pietà">Pietà</a> in which the flowers were substituted by thistles, thorns, deadly nightshade and other noxious plants as a reference to crown of thorns and the suffering of Christ. An example is the early collaboration with Poussin (<a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Thomas-Henry" title="Musée Thomas-Henry">Musée Thomas-Henry</a>) for which Poussin painted the <i><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolas_Poussin_and_Daniel_Seghers_-_Piet%C3%A0_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Thomas-Henry.jpg" title="File:Nicolas Poussin and Daniel Seghers - Pietà - Musée Thomas-Henry.jpg">Pietà</a></i> figure and Seghers the garland.<sup id="cite_ref-burl_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burl-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter.<sup id="cite_ref-merriam_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merriam-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seghers himself generally only painted the flowers and the central subject was filled in later by another artist.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-martin_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This spirit of artistic collaboration, which was seen in the earliest flower garland paintings by Jan Brueghel the Elder and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a>, is, in fact, a notable quality of Flemish painting in 17th-century Antwerp.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While many of Seghers's collaborators on his garland paintings were anonymous local artists, he often collaborated with leading Antwerp figure painters. There is often uncertainty or disagreement about the identity of collaborators on specific artworks even though Seghers himself compiled a list of the flower still lifes, which he had painted and the patrons for whom he had painted them.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the catalogue he gave a description of each of his paintings, his collaborator and the number of paintings he produced. As the catalogue is incomplete, the collaborators are not always known with certainty.<sup id="cite_ref-list_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is known he often worked with <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Schut" title="Cornelis Schut">Cornelis Schut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Quellinus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Erasmus Quellinus II">Erasmus Quellinus II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_van_Diepenbeek" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham van Diepenbeek">Abraham van Diepenbeek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_de_Vos" title="Simon de Vos">Simon de Vos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_den_Hoecke" title="Jan van den Hoecke">Jan van den Hoecke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gonzales_Coques" title="Gonzales Coques">Gonzales Coques</a> and Rubens.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-martin_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Willeboirts_Bosschaert" title="Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert">Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert</a> is also mentioned as his collaborator.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is possible that Seghers collaborated with Rubens on a garland painting for the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Carolus_Borromeus_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Carolus Borromeus church">Saint Carolus Borromeus church</a> in Antwerp.<sup id="cite_ref-list_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his stay in Rome he also collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Poussin" class="mw-redirect" title="Poussin">Poussin</a> and Domenichino.<sup id="cite_ref-burl_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burl-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_and_Cornelis_Schut_(I)_-_Saint_Ignatius_in_a_cartouche_with_flowers_and_cherubs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_and_Cornelis_Schut_%28I%29_-_Saint_Ignatius_in_a_cartouche_with_flowers_and_cherubs.jpg/170px-Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_and_Cornelis_Schut_%28I%29_-_Saint_Ignatius_in_a_cartouche_with_flowers_and_cherubs.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_and_Cornelis_Schut_%28I%29_-_Saint_Ignatius_in_a_cartouche_with_flowers_and_cherubs.jpg/255px-Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_and_Cornelis_Schut_%28I%29_-_Saint_Ignatius_in_a_cartouche_with_flowers_and_cherubs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_and_Cornelis_Schut_%28I%29_-_Saint_Ignatius_in_a_cartouche_with_flowers_and_cherubs.jpg/340px-Dani%C3%ABl_Seghers_and_Cornelis_Schut_%28I%29_-_Saint_Ignatius_in_a_cartouche_with_flowers_and_cherubs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4296" data-file-height="6775" /></a><figcaption><i>Saint Ignatius in a cartouche with flowers and cherubs</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Unlike in his later collaborations, Seghers is believed to have added flower garlands to existing paintings by <a href="/wiki/Domenichino" title="Domenichino">Domenichino</a> during his residence in Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The garland paintings are often of a large size. The <i>Saint Ignatius in a cartouche with flowers and cherubs</i>, which measures about 190 to 299 cm and includes not only a cartouche painted by Cornelis Schut but also angels attributed to <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Balen" title="Jan van Balen">Jan van Balen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-list_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reception">Reception</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Seghers&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Daniel Seghers's art was widely admired during his lifetime, generating great interest from collectors. His style was continued and followed by others including <a href="/wiki/Jan_Philip_van_Thielen" title="Jan Philip van Thielen">Jan Philip van Thielen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andries_Bosman" title="Andries Bosman">Andries Bosman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Anton_van_der_Baren" title="Jan Anton van der Baren">Jan Anton van der Baren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frans_Ykens" title="Frans Ykens">Frans Ykens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_den_Hecke" title="Jan van den Hecke">Jan van den Hecke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-martin_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tento_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tento-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His work influenced artists such as <a href="/wiki/Jan_Davidsz._de_Heem" title="Jan Davidsz. de Heem">Jan Davidsz. de Heem</a> in Antwerp and <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Arellano" title="Juan de Arellano">Juan de Arellano</a> in Madrid.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His paintings were highly prized and collected at the court of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Henry,_Prince_of_Orange" title="Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange">Frederik Hendrik</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-martin_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There, the art collector and secretary to the prince <a href="/wiki/Constantijn_Huygens" title="Constantijn Huygens">Constantijn Huygens</a> praised the paintings in poetry and corresponded numerous times with the artist,<sup id="cite_ref-martin_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> writing that one could almost smell the flowers.<sup id="cite_ref-Huygens_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huygens-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutch poet <a href="/wiki/Joost_van_den_Vondel" title="Joost van den Vondel">Joost van den Vondel</a> also wrote highly of Seghers's paintings.<sup id="cite_ref-martin_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other collectors included <a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Christina of Sweden">Christina of Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV of Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_de%27_Medici" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria de' Medici">Maria de' Medici</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a>, who visited the artist in 1649, and <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Wilhelm_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria">Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria</a>, the Italian collector <a href="/wiki/Scipione_Borghese" title="Scipione Borghese">Scipione Borghese</a> and the Antwerp collector and patron of Anthony van Dyck, <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_van_der_Geest" title="Cornelis van der Geest">Cornelis van der Geest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-martin_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-flowers_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flowers-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His paintings were usually not sold through traditional contacts such as art dealers, but were instead presented as gifts by the Jesuit order and used for the adornment of churches. They served as stimulants to religious contemplation and as powerful instruments of diplomacy. In 1631, for example, Seghers sent a painting of a <i>Crown of Flowers</i> to <a href="/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici" title="Marie de' Medici">Marie de' Medici</a> on the occasion of her visit, together with the <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Clara_Eugenia" title="Isabella Clara Eugenia">Infanta Isabella</a>, to the College of St. Ignatius. His compositions clearly carried a symbolic and devotional element, which was in line with the doctrines of the Jesuits.<sup id="cite_ref-col_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-col-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Seghers&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Other name variations include Daniël Seghers, Daniël Segers, Daniël Zegers and Daniël Zeghers</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Seghers&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-rkd-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rkd_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rkd_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rkd_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rkd_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/71799">Daniël Seghers</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Institute_for_Art_History" title="Netherlands Institute for Art History">Netherlands Institute for Art History</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grove-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Irene Haberland, "Seghers, Daniel," <i>Grove Art Online</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, [accessed 15 February 2015].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-martin-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-martin_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-martin_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-martin_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-martin_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-martin_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-martin_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-martin_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-martin_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-martin_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-martin_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-martin_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">John Rupert Martin, "A Portrait of Rubens by Daniel Seghers," <i>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University</i>, vol. 17 (1958), pp. 2–20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-benezit-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-benezit_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00167019">Seghers, Daniel (1590–1661), Painter</a> in Benezit Dictionary of Artists</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lig-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lig_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lt58DGdLbgQC">De liggeren en andere historische archieven der Antwerpsche sint Lucasgilde</a> listing archives from 1453–1615, by Ph. Rombouts and Th. van Lerius, Antwerp, 1864, p, 474, on <a href="/wiki/Google_books" class="mw-redirect" title="Google books">Google books</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pour-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pour_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phoebusfoundation.org/phoebus_findings/2">L. Kelchtermans, 'Nieuwe biografische gegevens over Peter Snayers (1592-1667) en de Sodaliteit der Bejaarde Jongmans'</a>, Phoebus Findings <span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bar-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bar_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bar_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bar_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://barokinvlaanderen.vlaamsekunstcollectie.be/en/biography/daniel-seghers">Daniël Seghers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150702055846/http://barokinvlaanderen.vlaamsekunstcollectie.be/en/biography/daniel-seghers">Archived</a> 2 July 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at Baroque in the Southern Netherlands</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-col-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-col_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-col_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colnaghi.co.uk/floral-still-life">Daniel Seghers, <i>Flower still life</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160127120053/http://www.colnaghi.co.uk/floral-still-life">Archived</a> 27 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at Colnaghi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bran-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bran_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frans Jozef Peter Van den Branden, <i>Geschiedenis der Antwerpsche schilderschool</i>, Antwerpen, 1883, p. 1134 <span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-flowers-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-flowers_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-flowers_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/paintings/daniel-seghers-flowers-in-a-glass-vase-6217393-details.aspx?from=salesummery&intobjectid=6217393&sid=f6a58ab1-a19c-4a98-8021-a844785eb019">Daniel Seghers, <i>Flowers in a glass vase with a red admiral butterfly</i></a>, Christie's London auction of 4 July 2019, lot 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tento-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tento_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tento_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dra. Huguette Vanagt. <i>Daniel Seghers (Antwerpen 1590–1661) Guirlande met de H. Theresia van Avila</i>, in Openbaar Kunstbezit in Vlaanderen, 1968/14, p. 14 <span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-freedberg-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-freedberg_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-freedberg_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-freedberg_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Freedberg, "The Origins and Rise of the Flemish Madonnas in Flower Garlands, Decoration and Devotion", <i>Münchener Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst</i>, xxxii, 1981, pp. 115–150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-merriam-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-merriam_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-merriam_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-merriam_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Susan Merriam, <i>Seventeenth-Century Flemish Garland Paintings. Still Life, Vision and the Devotional Image</i>, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-burl-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-burl_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-burl_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher Wright, <i>A Virgin and Child by Poussin in Brighton</i>, The Burlington Magazine Vol. 116, No. 861 (Dec. 1974), pp. 755–757</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anne T. Woollett, Ariane van Suchtelen, <i>et al</i>., <i>Rubens & Brueghel: A Working Friendship</i>, Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2006. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89236-847-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89236-847-1">978-0-89236-847-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/explore/images/197108">For instance, some scholars have rejected the attribution to Simon de Vos</a> of the cartouche in the painting <i>The Holy Family in a Flower Garland</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Kunsthistorisches_Museum" title="Kunsthistorisches Museum">Kunsthistorisches Museum</a> and attributes it to Erasmus Quellinus II</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-list-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-list_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-list_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-list_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dolf Heyselbergs, <i>Daniël Seghers' (1590–1661) contributie aan de Sint-Ignatiuskerk te Antwerpen Een jezuïetenkerk gedecoreerd door een jezuïtische schilder</i>, Fase 1 Kunstwetenschappen Katholieke Universiteit Leuven 2011–2012 <span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cataloge van de Bloemstukken, die ik selfs met mijn hand heb geschildert en voor wie. «Catalogue of the flower still lifes, which I have painted myself and for whom»</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard E. Spear, "Domenichino Addenda," <i>The Burlington Magazine</i>, vol. 131 (Jan. 1989), p. 15, n. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Langdon, Anthony. "Seghers, Daniel." The Oxford Companion to Western Art. Ed. Hugh Brigstocke. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 15 February 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Huygens-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Huygens_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/Dutch/Huygens/HUYG45.html">Huygens's praise of Seghers's painted flowers (in Latin), In Praestantissimi Pictoris Dan. Segheri Rosas</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Seghers&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a 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