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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_teenage_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_teenage_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Education and teenage years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_and_teenage_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Medical practice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> 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href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cited_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cited_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Cited sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cited_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Speyr</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_von_Speyr" title="Adrienne von Speyr – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Adrienne von Speyr" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_von_Speyr" title="Adrienne von Speyr – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Adrienne von Speyr" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_von_Speyr" title="Adrienne von Speyr – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Adrienne von Speyr" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadriana_de_Speyr" title="Hadriana de Speyr – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hadriana de Speyr" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86_%DA%A4%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="ادرين ڤون سپير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ادرين ڤون سپير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_von_Speyr" title="Adrienne von Speyr – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Adrienne von Speyr" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_von_Speyr" title="Adrienne von Speyr – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Adrienne von Speyr" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_von_Speyr" title="Adrienne von Speyr – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Adrienne von Speyr" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Adrienne+von+Speyr%22">"Adrienne von Speyr"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Adrienne+von+Speyr%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Adrienne+von+Speyr%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Adrienne+von+Speyr%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Adrienne+von+Speyr%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Adrienne+von+Speyr%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Swiss doctor and mystic</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Adrienne von Speyr</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Adrienne_von_Speyr_older.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Adrienne_von_Speyr_older.jpg/220px-Adrienne_von_Speyr_older.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Adrienne_von_Speyr_older.jpg/330px-Adrienne_von_Speyr_older.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Adrienne_von_Speyr_older.jpg/440px-Adrienne_von_Speyr_older.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1902-09-20</span>)</span>20 September 1902<br />La Chaux-de-Fonds, <a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a>, Switzerland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">17 September 1967<span style="display:none">(1967-09-17)</span> (aged 64)<br /><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, Switzerland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influences</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Guardini" title="Romano Guardini">Romano Guardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Rahner" title="Hugo Rahner">Hugo Rahner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Przywara" title="Erich Przywara">Erich Przywara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Schneider" title="Reinhold Schneider">Reinhold Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_Kolb" title="Annette Kolb">Annette Kolb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Marcel" title="Gabriel Marcel">Gabriel Marcel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar">Hans Urs von Balthasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius of Loyola</a>/Iñigo López de Oñaz y Loyola</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Adrienne von Speyr</b> (20 September 1902 – 17 September 1967) was a <a href="/wiki/Swiss_people" title="Swiss people">Swiss</a> <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> convert, physician, <a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mystic</a>, and author of some sixty books of spirituality and <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_von_Speyr&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_von_Speyr&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adrienne von Speyr was born in <a href="/wiki/La_Chaux-de-Fonds" title="La Chaux-de-Fonds">La Chaux-de-Fonds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, to an upper-middle-class <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> family. Her father, Theodor von Speyr, was an ophthalmologist. Her mother, Laure Girard, was the descendant of a family of noted watchmakers and jewelers from <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a>. Adrienne was her parents' second child. Her sister, Hélène, was a year and a half older. Her first brother, Willy, who became a physician, was born in 1905 and died in 1978. Her second brother, Theodor, was born in 1913 and served as the director of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Bank_Corporation" title="Swiss Bank Corporation">Swiss Bank Corporation</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> for many years. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gare_de_la_Chaux-de-Fonds_1904.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gare_de_la_Chaux-de-Fonds_1904.jpg/220px-Gare_de_la_Chaux-de-Fonds_1904.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gare_de_la_Chaux-de-Fonds_1904.jpg/330px-Gare_de_la_Chaux-de-Fonds_1904.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gare_de_la_Chaux-de-Fonds_1904.jpg/440px-Gare_de_la_Chaux-de-Fonds_1904.jpg 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="347" /></a><figcaption>La Chaux-de-Fonds, 1904</figcaption></figure> <p>By <a href="/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar">Hans Urs von Balthasar</a>'s account, von Speyr was the "unloved child" in her family, despite her cheerfulness.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar201723_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar201723-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her mother scolded her daily, often without reason, which led Adrienne to turn to <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">prayer</a> and to develop an appreciation for sacrifice and renunciation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr199519–23,_405–27_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr199519–23,_405–27-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was close to her father, who understood and respected her, sometimes taking her with him to the hospital to visit sick children. This sparked her desire to become a physician, which would eventually guide her toward a career as a family doctor. In her primary school years, she began knitting for the poor, forming a society with her friends for this purpose. From early on, she had a deep relationship with her grandmother, a prayerful <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr199519–23,_405–27_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr199519–23,_405–27-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Von Speyr was a precocious student. As a child, she even occasionally substituted for a teacher who suffered from asthma.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198123_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198123-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her religion classes, however, she began to sense an emptiness in the form of <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> being offered.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198120_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198120-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although she had no exposure to the Roman Catholic Church, she had some early intuitions about Catholic practice. At the age of nine, she gave a talk to her classmates about the <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a>, after an angel had told her "that the Jesuits were people who loved Jesus totally, and that the truth of God was greater than that of men, and as a result one could not always tell people everything exactly as one understands it in God".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198121_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198121-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After her conversion to Catholicism in 1940, at thirty-eight years old, she recounted to her <a href="/wiki/Confession_(religion)" title="Confession (religion)">confessor</a> Hans Urs von Balthasar that as a young child she encountered in a stairwell a man she only now recognized to be Saint <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius of Loyola</a>. During her teenage years, she once reproached a religion teacher for his "prejudice" against Catholicism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198123_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198123-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_and_teenage_years">Education and teenage years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_von_Speyr&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Education and teenage years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For secondary school, von Speyr attended a coeducational <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium (school)">gymnasium</a>, where she excelled, particularly in Latin and Greek.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr199596–104,_128–140_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr199596–104,_128–140-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At her mother's insistence, she also spent a year at a girls' school in La Chaux-de-Fonds, since the gymnasium was thought to give her too much exposure to boys. Here, she met fellow student Madeleine Gallet, who became a close companion and helped her mold her sense of Christian discipleship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995140–54_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995140–54-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a year, von Speyr's father allowed her to return to the gymnasium, where her classmates greeted her with wild applause when she entered.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995154–55_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995154–55-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was popular for her sense of humor and strong ethical judgment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198125_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198125-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1917, at age fifteen, she experienced a vision of the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Virgin Mary">Blessed Virgin Mary</a>. "I had never seen anything so beautiful", she later remarked, noting that this image of Mary gave her a "place of refuge" in the years that followed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995166–67_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995166–67-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adrienne_von_Speyr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Adrienne_von_Speyr.jpg/220px-Adrienne_von_Speyr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Adrienne_von_Speyr.jpg/330px-Adrienne_von_Speyr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Adrienne_von_Speyr.jpg/440px-Adrienne_von_Speyr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption>Adrienne von Speyr during secondary school</figcaption></figure> <p>Adrienne was often sick, with <a href="/wiki/Spondylitis" title="Spondylitis">spondylitis</a> that frequently kept her bedridden. According to von Balthasar, she always became ill before Easter and sensed that this was connected with <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198123First_Glance_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198123First_Glance-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She came to understand her physical suffering as a way of sharing in the pain of others,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198122_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198122-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and she spent much time with the patients at her uncle's psychiatric hospital near <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>, where she discovered a gift for consoling the sick.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198123-24_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198123-24-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr199560–66_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr199560–66-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Theodor von Speyr, Adrienne's father, died of <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_perforation" title="Gastrointestinal perforation">gastrointestinal perforation</a> in January 1918, when she was fifteen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198123_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198123-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his death, Adrienne studied at a business school at her mother's request, in addition to her work at the gymnasium. Just a few months later, she contracted <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, and doctors believed she would die within a year. She was sent to a <a href="/wiki/Sanatorium" title="Sanatorium">sanatorium</a> at <a href="/wiki/Leysin" title="Leysin">Leysin</a>, where she was cared for by her cousin, a physician. Her mother rarely wrote or visited. At the sanatorium, von Speyr learned Russian, read <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoevsky" title="Fyodor Dostoevsky">Fyodor Dostoyevsky</a>, and was invited to give lectures to fellow patients. One of these talks reportedly prompted her friend Louisa Jacques (later the <a href="/wiki/Poor_Clares" title="Poor Clares">Poor Clare</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Life_and_Message_of_Sister_Mary_of_T.html?id=rTWiDAAAQBAJ">Sister Mary of the Holy Trinity</a>) to remark, "You're going to make me become a Catholic".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198126_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198126-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995193–94_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995193–94-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Leysin, Adrienne, too, began to feel drawn to the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>. </p><p> After recovering from a second bout of tuberculosis, von Speyr studied nursing for several months at <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Loup_(Pompaples)" class="extiw" title="fr:Saint-Loup (Pompaples)">Hôpital Saint-Loup</a> near <a href="/wiki/Pompaples" title="Pompaples">Pompaples</a>, but left dissatisfied.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995219–28_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995219–28-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She eventually moved with her family to <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a> in summer 1921 to finish her secondary studies. Although her mother tried to arrange a job and a husband for her, Adrienne resolved instead to enter medical school at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Basel" title="University of Basel">University of Basel</a>, which created a rift between them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995272_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995272-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She studied in the Faculty of Medicine between 1923 and 1926, working as a tutor to pay her tuition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995272_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995272-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was a pupil of <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Hotz" class="extiw" title="de:Gerhard Hotz">Gerhard Hotz</a> and became a friend of fellow medical students <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Portmann" title="Adolf Portmann">Adolf Portmann</a>, a zoologist, and Franz Merke, a surgeon. She was inspired by the dedication of several doctors and nurses, and shocked by what she perceived as the cowardice or egotism of others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995265–396_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995265–396-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These experiences would later shape her views on the medical practice, particularly her beliefs in the physician's responsibility for his patients, in the medical profession as self-giving service, in the treatment of the whole person, and in the call to accompany terminally ill patients to the end.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a short biography of von Speyr, von Balthasar lists some of the decisive features of her time in medical school:</p><blockquote><p>[C]omplete contentment when she could finally work with the sick, when she could make silent rounds at night in the wards in order to comfort, to help, to prepare the dying for death; her indignation when patients used in demonstrations in the lecture halls or unwed mothers in the delivery room were not treated with respect for their human dignity; her anger when a doctor, responsible for the death of a patient, put the blame on one of the nurses (Adrienne saw to it that his lectures were boycotted by the entire student body until the doctor had to give up his professorship in Basel); her admiration at the silent asceticism of a large number of the nurses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198129_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198129-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>"In these and many other experiences", he adds, "Adrienne learned to seek the God whom she had not yet succeeded in truly finding by the way of service to neighbor".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198129_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198129-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_practice">Medical practice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_von_Speyr&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medical practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adrienne_von_Speyr_-_bicycle_tour.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Adrienne_von_Speyr_-_bicycle_tour.JPG/220px-Adrienne_von_Speyr_-_bicycle_tour.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Adrienne_von_Speyr_-_bicycle_tour.JPG/330px-Adrienne_von_Speyr_-_bicycle_tour.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Adrienne_von_Speyr_-_bicycle_tour.JPG/440px-Adrienne_von_Speyr_-_bicycle_tour.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1960" data-file-height="1473" /></a><figcaption>Adrienne von Speyr during a bicycle tour, 1924</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1930, von Speyr passed her state boards to become a licensed physician, one of the first women in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> to be admitted to the profession. The following year, she started a family medicine practice in <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995399_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995399-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a doctor, she refused to perform abortions and reportedly dissuaded "thousands of women" from abortion over the course of her career.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198133_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198133-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since her clientele was mostly poor, she treated many of them free of charge; according to von Balthasar, she “saw as many as sixty to eighty patients a day”.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198133_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198133-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After moving her office to her home for a time during the early 1950s,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> von Speyr ceased to practice medicine due to illness in 1954. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage_and_family_life">Marriage and family life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_von_Speyr&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Marriage and family life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1927, during a trip to <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino,_Switzerland" title="San Bernardino, Switzerland">San Bernardino, Switzerland</a>, some friends of von Speyr introduced her to the University of Basel historian <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_D%C3%BCrr" class="extiw" title="de:Emil Dürr">Emil Dürr</a>, a widower with two young sons. Dürr and von Speyr married, living on the Münsterplatz near the historic <a href="/wiki/Basel_Minster" title="Basel Minster">Basel Minster</a> church. Von Speyr, who took the name of Dürr, became an adoptive mother to the two boys, Niklaus and Arnold, and played an active role with her husband in upper-class Basel society.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles201344_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles201344-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She had three miscarriages and bore no children of her own.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar199434_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar199434-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple “seriously considered becoming Catholic”,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1981153_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1981153-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Emil died suddenly in a tram accident in 1934, after seven years of marriage. The untimely death of her husband led Adrienne into an interior crisis, provoking her to contemplate suicide until her friend Franz Merke intervened.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995397_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995397-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The widowed von Speyr continued to raise Niklaus and Arnold on her own and to practice medicine. In 1936, Emil Dürr's friend and colleague <a href="/wiki/Werner_Kaegi" title="Werner Kaegi">Werner Kaegi</a> — who knew the boys and wanted to help raising them – proposed a marriage, and she accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaegi, a lifelong member of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Reformed_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Reformed Church">Swiss Reformed Church</a>, encouraged von Speyr to explore Catholicism, and she converted in 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1981153_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1981153-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Von Speyr's daughter-in-law Lore Dürr-Freckmann recalls that the couple provided financially for single mothers and opened their home to disadvantaged women and children.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles201344_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles201344-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1952 and 1967, the Kaegi family also offered a room in their house to Father <a href="/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar">Hans Urs von Balthasar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Niklaus and Arnold both married and had a number of children, who considered von Speyr their grandmother. Von Speyr remained close to her sons, daughters-in-law, and grandchildren until her death in 1967. In interviews, her family has described her as joyful, warm, and generous.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles201342_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles201342-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conversion">Conversion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_von_Speyr&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Conversion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adrienne_von_Speyr_high_res.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Adrienne_von_Speyr_high_res.jpg/220px-Adrienne_von_Speyr_high_res.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Adrienne_von_Speyr_high_res.jpg/330px-Adrienne_von_Speyr_high_res.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Adrienne_von_Speyr_high_res.jpg/440px-Adrienne_von_Speyr_high_res.jpg 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Adrienne von Speyr</figcaption></figure> <p>Von Speyr began to attend Mass periodically after her husband <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_D%C3%BCrr" class="extiw" title="de:Emil Dürr">Emil Dürr</a>’s death in 1934. In the years following his fatal accident, she found it difficult to pray, especially the line “Thy will be done” in the Our Father.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1981151-152_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1981151-152-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After her marriage to <a href="/wiki/Werner_Kaegi" title="Werner Kaegi">Werner Kaegi</a> in 1936, von Speyr made several unsuccessful attempts to contact Catholic priests to receive instruction in the Catholic faith.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198131_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198131-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1940, after recovering from a heart attack, she was introduced by a friend to Father <a href="/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar">Hans Urs von Balthasar</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> priest then serving as a university chaplain in <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>. She told him of her interest in entering the Catholic Church, and he began to give her <a href="/wiki/Catechesis" title="Catechesis">catechetical</a> instruction. Von Balthasar says of this process, “In the instructions she understood everything immediately, as though she had only—and for how long!—waited to hear exactly what I was saying in order to affirm it.”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198132_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198132-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Von Speyr praised the Jesuit for having “removed all the obstacles for me” in prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1981154_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1981154-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was received into the Catholic Church on <a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">All Saints’ Day</a>, November 1, 1940. After the liturgy, von Speyr apologized for having accidentally omitted the words “<a href="/wiki/Extra_Ecclesiam_nulla_salus" title="Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus">extra quam nulla salus</a>” during the profession of faith; when von Balthasar and her husband both replied that they had heard the phrase, she remarked, “Then maybe an angel said it for me”.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still, some scholars have criticized her for leaving out this portion of the profession.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was <a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">confirmed</a> shortly after her reception into the Church, with the critic and translator <a href="/wiki/Albert_B%C3%A9guin" title="Albert Béguin">Albert Béguin</a> as her sponsor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198132_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198132-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since von Speyr had many Protestant friends in Basel, her conversion to Catholicism caused some controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles201319_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles201319-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her own mother and siblings took a distance from her after her confirmation, though they would reconcile years later.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198132_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198132-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Von Speyr's husband, Werner, supported her embrace of Catholicism, but he himself did not convert. Her sons Niklaus and Arnold, with their children, were eventually received into the Church, along with other family members.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles201352_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles201352-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By von Balthasar's account, von Speyr went on to befriend many notable Catholic thinkers in Europe, including <a href="/wiki/Romano_Guardini" title="Romano Guardini">Romano Guardini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Rahner" title="Hugo Rahner">Hugo Rahner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erich_Przywara" title="Erich Przywara">Erich Przywara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Lubac" title="Henri de Lubac">Henri de Lubac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Schneider" title="Reinhold Schneider">Reinhold Schneider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annette_Kolb" title="Annette Kolb">Annette Kolb</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Marcel" title="Gabriel Marcel">Gabriel Marcel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198132_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198132-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collaboration_with_Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar">Collaboration with Hans Urs von Balthasar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_von_Speyr&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Collaboration with Hans Urs von Balthasar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the months following her conversion to Catholicism, von Speyr reported having extraordinary experiences in prayer. Von Balthasar became convinced of the authenticity of von Speyr's <a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">mysticism</a>, and the two recognized that they had a shared theological mission.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198113-20_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198113-20-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1944 and 1960, von Speyr dictated to von Balthasar some sixty books of spiritual and Scriptural commentary, including <i>John</i>, <i>Mark</i>, <i>The Letter to the Ephesians</i>, <i>Elijah</i>, and <i>Three Women and the Lord</i>. Given von Speyr's commitments as a mother and a doctor, von Balthasar alone worked to arrange, edit, and publish the texts with ecclesiastical approval through the German-language press Johannes Verlag Einsiedeln. One of her first books to appear was her translation of <i>The Story of a Soul</i> by Saint <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a>—the first in the German language—followed by <i>Magd des Herrn</i> [<i>Handmaid of the Lord</i>], a book of <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Marian</a> reflections.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some works, namely those of a more explicitly mystical character, were not released until <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> organized a Vatican symposium on von Speyr's work in 1985, almost twenty years after her death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198191-95_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198191-95-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar19949_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar19949-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Von Speyr and von Balthasar also collaborated closely in the founding of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://balthasarspeyr.org/community-of-st-john/">Johannesgemeinschaft</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126125225/https://balthasarspeyr.org/community-of-st-john/">Archived</a> 2021-01-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Community of Saint John), a Catholic institute of consecrated laypeople established in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar199455_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar199455-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a long discernment, von Balthasar would eventually leave the Society of Jesus to found this community, since his superiors did not believe it would be compatible with Jesuit life. He saw it as a "personal, special, and non-delegable task."<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Von Speyr referred to the Johannesgemeinschaft metaphorically as a “Child” she shared with the priest—an analogy that has drawn some criticism<sup id="cite_ref-:2_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but been defended by others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles201311,_50–52_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles201311,_50–52-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Von Speyr served as the superior of the women's branch of the community until her death. </p><p>Von Balthasar, for his part, has stated that his own theological work is inseparable from von Speyr's.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar199413_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar199413-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> “The greater part of so much of what I have written is a translation of what is present in a more immediate, less technical fashion in the powerful work of Adrienne von Speyr.”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1993105_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1993105-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_years_and_death">Later years and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_von_Speyr&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later years and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Von Speyr gave up her medical practice in 1954 due to deteriorating health. She suffered from diabetes, heart disease, and severe arthritis, which caused her intense pain and greatly weakened her. According to von Balthasar, “no physician could understand how she could still be alive.”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198144_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198144-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, she prayed, knitted, visited with her grandchildren, wrote letters, read novels, and continued guiding the women in the Johannesgemeinschaft.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198137-39_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198137-39-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members of her family claim that she did not make her illnesses known.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles201343_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles201343-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1964, von Speyr went blind, and her health slipped into sharp decline. Von Balthasar, who was often present through this time, recounts: “The last months in bed were a continuous, merciless torture, which she bore with great equanimity, always concerned about the others and constantly apologetic about causing me so much trouble.”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198145_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198145-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 17, 1967, the feast of Saint <a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a>, von Speyr died in her home in <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>. One of her last phrases was “Que c’est beau de mourir<i>”</i>—“How beautiful it is to die”—and her dying words were "Thank you, thank you, thank you."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198189_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198189-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was buried in Basel five days later on her sixty-fifth birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198145_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198145-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theology_and_mysticism">Theology and mysticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_von_Speyr&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Theology and mysticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magd_des_Herrn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Magd_des_Herrn.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="258" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="163" data-file-height="258" /></a><figcaption><i>Handmaid of the Lord</i> (<i>Magd des Herrn</i>, 1948), one of the first books published by von Speyr on Johannes Verlag</figcaption></figure> <p>She is considered by many to have been a <a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">mystic</a> and is reputed to have had supernatural experiences of, for example, the <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Blessed Virgin Mary</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Holy Trinity</a>, a number of <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saints</a> (including <a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John the Evangelist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius of Loyola</a>), Christ's <a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a>, as well as incidents of <a href="/wiki/Bilocation" title="Bilocation">bilocation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stigmata" title="Stigmata">stigmata</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1981_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1981-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Aside from her <a href="/wiki/Confession_(religion)" title="Confession (religion)">confessor</a>, nobody knew of these reported phenomena during her lifetime, including members of her own religious community.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles201320_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles201320-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a doctor, she was also believed to be connected with a number of unexplained healings of patients,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198134_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198134-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>often taking on severe penances as a way of sharing in the suffering of others. </p><p>Adrienne von Speyr's theological writings—which were generally transcribed, copy edited, and published by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar">Hans Urs von Balthasar</a>—treat a wide range of topics in <a href="/wiki/Catholic_spirituality" title="Catholic spirituality">Catholic spirituality</a>. As L. M. Miles notes in the journal <i><a href="/wiki/First_Things" title="First Things">First Things</a></i>, most of her books are scriptural commentaries and "there is a biblical rather than a dogmatic or systematic organization to her work."<sup id="cite_ref-:3_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include <i>John</i> (in four volumes), <i>Mark</i>, <i>Letter to the Colossians</i>, <i>Letter to the Ephesians</i>, <i>Three Women and the Lord</i>, <i>Bergpredigt</i> [<i>The Sermon on the Mount</i>], <i>Gleichnisse des Herrn</i> [<i>Parables of the Lord</i>], <i>Die Schöpfung</i> [<i>Creation</i>], <i>Achtzehn Psalmen</i> [<i>Eighteen Psalms</i>], <i>Isaia</i> [<i>Isaiah</i>], and <i>Elijah,</i> among others. She also wrote meditations on <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a> (<i>Handmaid of the Lord</i> and <i>Mary in the Redemption</i>), on the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Mass</a> (The Holy Mass), on the <a href="/wiki/Confession_(religion)" title="Confession (religion)">sacrament of confession</a> (<i>Confession</i>), on the prophets (<i>The Mission of the Prophets</i>), on death (<i>The Mystery of Death</i>), on Christ's Passion (<i>The Passion from Within</i> and <i>The Cross: Word and Sacrament</i>). Some prominent features in her thought include the centrality of Christian <a href="/wiki/Vow_of_obedience" title="Vow of obedience">obedience</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Marian</a> <a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">fiat</a>, an understanding of God as <a href="/wiki/Ad_maiorem_Dei_gloriam" title="Ad maiorem Dei gloriam">ever-greater</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinitarian</a> approach to <a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Prayer in the Catholic Church">prayer</a>, humility and self-effacement as essential Christian attitudes, the attitude of <i>Bereitschaft</i> ("readiness" or "disponsibility") before God, the potential unity between Christian action in the world and action according to God's will, and the reality of Christ's descent into Hell on <a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198149–62_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198149–62-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles2013passim_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles2013passim-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Exercises_of_Ignatius_of_Loyola" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola">Spiritual Exercises</a> of Saint Ignatius of Loyola imbue much of her thought.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Von Speyr's more immediately mystical writings were not released until 1985 and vary in theme and style. The work <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ignatius.com/Book-of-All-Saints-P30.aspx">Book of All Saints</a></i> gives inner portraits of many saints and historical figures in terms of their prayer lives;<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one Dominican scholar has expressed doubts about her critical description of Saint <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> in the first of her two entries on him.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In another posthumous text, <i>Kreuz und Hölle</i>, von Speyr relates her experiences of the <a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Harrowing_of_Hell" title="Harrowing of Hell">descent into Hell</a>, giving illustrations of the metaphysical nature of damnation as isolation and "total depersonalization" in Professor Matthew Sutton's phrase.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some scholars have interpreted these visions as suggesting <a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">universalism</a>, or a belief that Hell is empty,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but other scholars insist that this is a misreading of the text;<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hans Urs von Balthasar himself rejects the universalist reading, understanding von Speyr's experience of Hell as "so real that, in view of it, it would be ridiculous and blasphemous to speak of the nonexistence of hell or even just of <i><a href="/wiki/Apocatastasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Apocatastasis">apokatastasis</a></i> [universalism] in the 'systematic' sense."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198164_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198164-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are critics who dispute the authenticity of von Speyr's visions on other grounds, citing features such as apparent changes of personality and voice and the use of sarcasm,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although von Balthasar, who originally related these phenomena, believes these episodes had a pedagogical purpose, to form him in humility as a spiritual director.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198166-67_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198166-67-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception_and_influence">Reception and influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_von_Speyr&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reception and influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In 1985, the Vatican hosted a colloquium on "Adrienne von Speyr e la sua missione ecclesiale" [Adrienne von Speyr and her ecclesial mission], with presentations by <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Scola" title="Angelo Scola">Angelo Scola</a>, <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Sicari" class="extiw" title="it:Antonio Sicari">Antonio Sicari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Ouellet" title="Marc Ouellet">Marc Ouellet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fessio" title="Joseph Fessio">Joseph Fessio</a>, SJ and others. <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> said in his closing address to the participants:</p><blockquote><p>I would like to take this opportunity to greet the members of the Community of Saint John, which owes its very foundation to a sublime inspiration on the part of Adrienne. She had a special love for "the disciple whom Jesus loved", the last, most profound expositor, as she saw him, of the mystery of Jesus, of the Father’s love for the world, and of the Holy Spirit whose sure hand guides us into the full light of the revelation of Father and Son. Her insight into the inmost communion of faith and love uniting the Mother of Jesus and the one disciple who persevered with her under the Cross was no less profound; it was here that she glimpsed the virginal origin of the Church that would be entrusted to Peter’s care. May this spirituality, which Adrienne embodied with such exemplary vigor, help you to incarnate ever better your own commitment to live in accord with Church and Gospel in the midst of the realities of the contemporary world.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>A second symposium was held at the Vatican in 2017 entitled "Adrienne von Speyr: A Woman in the Heart of the 20th Century." The acts of the conference are being published through the Italian press <i>Edizioni Cantagalli</i>. </p><p>Poet and playwright <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a> said of von Speyr's meditations on John, "Von Speyr's book does not lend itself to any classification that I can think of. It is not dogmatic theology; still less is it exegesis.... There is nothing to do but to submit oneself to it; if the reader emerges without having been crushed by it, he will find himself strengthened and exhilarated by a new experience of Christian sensibility."<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Theologian <a href="/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar">Hans Urs von Balthasar</a> claims that most of his own work was primarily inspired by his collaborator von Speyr and her "experiential dogmatics".<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He puts it in starker terms in <i>First Glance at Adrienne von Speyr</i>: "On the whole I received far more from Adrienne, theologically, than she from me.... As her confessor and spiritual director, I observed her interior life most closely, yet in twenty-seven years I never had the least doubt about the authentic mission that was hers.... [H]er work appears far more important to me than mine.... I am convinced that when her works are made available, those who are in a position to judge will concur with me about their value and will thank God that he has granted such graces to the Church in our time.”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar201715_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar201715-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The spirituality of Adrienne von Speyr is a pillar of the formation program at the Casa Balthasar, a house of discernment in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> founded under the auspices of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Joseph Ratzinger</a>, and at Heart's Home, an international Catholic missionary organization. </p><p>Excerpts from the works of Adrienne von Speyr are published regularly in the US Catholic monthly <i>Magnificat</i>. </p><p>In 2018, French filmmaker Marie Viloin — director of documentaries about <a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous">Bernadette Soubirous</a> and <a href="/wiki/Faustina_Kowalska" title="Faustina Kowalska">Faustina Kowalska</a> — produced the half-hour feature <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vodeus.tv/video/adrienne-von-speyr-1902-1967-sur-la-terre-comme-au-ciel-250">Adrienne von Speyr (1902–1967): Sur la terre comme au ciel</a></i> as a segment of the program <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Jour_du_Seigneur_(%C3%A9mission_de_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision)" class="extiw" title="fr:Le Jour du Seigneur (émission de télévision)">Le Jour du Seigneur</a>, broadcast by the national French TV network <a href="/wiki/France_2" title="France 2">France 2</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beatification_process">Beatification process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_von_Speyr&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Beatification process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Chur" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur">Diocese of Chur</a> began to consider opening her cause for <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">beatification</a> together alongside Balthasar's. The postulator is Argentinian priest <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hogaresnuevos.com/blog_detail.php?id=805">Luis Escalante</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_von_Speyr&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Book of All Saints</i>, edited by Hans Urs von Balthasar, translated by D.C. Schindler, San Francisco 2008. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58617-192-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58617-192-6">978-1-58617-192-6</a></li> <li><i>Confession</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120121093107/http://www.ignatius.com/Products/CONF-P/confession.aspx">Found at: Ignatius Press</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-040-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-040-4">978-0-89870-040-4</a></li> <li><i>Elijah</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ignatius.com/Products/E-P/elijah.aspx">Found at: Ignatius Press</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-270-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-270-5">978-0-89870-270-5</a></li> <li><i>Handmaid of the Lord</i>,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110802023007/http://www.ignatius.com/Products/HML-P/handmaid-of-the-lord.aspx">Found at: Ignatius Press</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-042-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-042-8">978-0-89870-042-8</a></li> <li><i>John, Volume 1</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ignatius.com/Products/J1-H/john-vol-1.aspx">Found at: Ignatius Press</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-411-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-411-2">978-0-89870-411-2</a></li> <li><i>John, Volume 2</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ignatius.com/Products/J2-H/john-vol-2.aspx">Found at: Ignatius Press</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-412-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-412-9">978-0-89870-412-9</a></li> <li><i>John, Volume 3</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ignatius.com/Products/J3-H/john-vol-3.aspx">Found at: Ignatius Press</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-111-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-111-1">978-0-89870-111-1</a></li> <li><i>John, Volume 4</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ignatius.com/Products/J4-H/john-vol-4.aspx">Found at: Ignatius Press</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-368-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-368-9">978-0-89870-368-9</a></li> <li><i>Letter to the Colossians</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ignatius.com/Products/LCOL-P/letter-to-the-colossians.aspx">Found at: Ignatius Press</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-661-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-661-1">978-0-89870-661-1</a></li> <li><i>Letter to the Ephesians</i>,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ignatius.com/Products/LEPH-P/letter-to-the-ephesians.aspx">Found at: Ignatius Press</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-570-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-570-6">978-0-89870-570-6</a></li> <li><i>Light and Images</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ignatius.com/Products/LII-P/light-and-images.aspx">Found at: Ignatius Press</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-883-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-883-7">978-0-89870-883-7</a></li> <li><i>Lumina | New Lumina</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ignatius.com/Products/LNL-P/lumina-and-new-lumina.aspx">Found at: Ignatius Press</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58617-222-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58617-222-0">978-1-58617-222-0</a></li> <li><i>Man before God</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-882-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-882-0">978-0-89870-882-0</a></li> <li><i>Mary in the Redemption</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-955-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-955-1">978-0-89870-955-1</a></li> <li><i>My Early Years</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-541-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-541-6">978-0-89870-541-6</a></li> <li><i>Mystery of Death</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-204-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-204-0">978-0-89870-204-0</a></li> <li><i>The Book of All Saints</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58617-192-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58617-192-6">978-1-58617-192-6</a></li> <li><i>The Boundless God</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-996-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-996-4">978-0-89870-996-4</a></li> <li><i>The Christian State of Life</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-044-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-044-2">978-0-89870-044-2</a></li> <li><i>The Countenance of the Father</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-620-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-620-8">978-0-89870-620-8</a></li> <li><i>The Cross: Word and Sacrament</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-021-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-021-3">978-0-89870-021-3</a></li> <li><i>The Gates of Eternal Life</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-025-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-025-1">978-0-89870-025-1</a></li> <li><i>The Holy Mass</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-730-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-730-4">978-0-89870-730-4</a></li> <li><i>The Mission of the Prophets</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-593-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-593-5">978-0-89870-593-5</a></li> <li><i>The Passion from Within</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-594-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-594-2">978-0-89870-594-2</a></li> <li><i>They Followed His Call</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-100-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-100-5">978-0-89870-100-5</a></li> <li><i>Three Women and the Lord</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-059-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-059-6">978-0-89870-059-6</a></li> <li><i>Victory of Love</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-304-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-304-7">978-0-89870-304-7</a></li> <li><i>With God and with Men: Prayers</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-563-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-563-8">978-0-89870-563-8</a></li> <li><i>World of Prayer</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-033-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-033-6">978-0-89870-033-6</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3o0aAAAAMAAJ"><i>Die Nachlasswerke: Das wort und die Mystik: II.Teil: Objektive Mystik</i></a> (1970)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_von_Speyr&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_von_Speyr&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar201723-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar201723_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar2017">Balthasar 2017</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr199519–23,_405–27-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr199519–23,_405–27_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr199519–23,_405–27_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpeyr1995">Speyr 1995</a>, pp. 19–23, 405–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198123-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198123_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198123_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198123_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198120-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198120_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198121-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198121_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr199596–104,_128–140-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr199596–104,_128–140_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpeyr1995">Speyr 1995</a>, pp. 96–104, 128–140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995140–54-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995140–54_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpeyr1995">Speyr 1995</a>, pp. 140–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995154–55-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995154–55_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpeyr1995">Speyr 1995</a>, pp. 154–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198125-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198125_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995166–67-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995166–67_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpeyr1995">Speyr 1995</a>, pp. 166–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198123First_Glance-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198123First_Glance_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 23, First Glance.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198122-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198122_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198123-24-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198123-24_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 23-24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr199560–66-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr199560–66_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpeyr1995">Speyr 1995</a>, pp. 60–66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198126-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198126_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995193–94-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995193–94_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpeyr1995">Speyr 1995</a>, pp. 193–94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995219–28-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995219–28_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpeyr1995">Speyr 1995</a>, pp. 219–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995272-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995272_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995272_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpeyr1995">Speyr 1995</a>, p. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995265–396-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995265–396_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpeyr1995">Speyr 1995</a>, pp. 265–396.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Speyr1983" class="citation book cs1">von Speyr, Adrienne (1983). <i>Arzt und Pazient</i>. Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89411-270-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89411-270-7"><bdi>978-3-89411-270-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arzt+und+Pazient&rft.place=Einsiedeln&rft.pub=Johannes+Verlag&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-3-89411-270-7&rft.aulast=von+Speyr&rft.aufirst=Adrienne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+von+Speyr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198129-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198129_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198129_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995399-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995399_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpeyr1995">Speyr 1995</a>, pp. 399.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198133-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198133_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198133_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">von Balthasar, Hans Urs, <i>Adriennes Charisma</i>, in <i>Adrienne von Speyr und ihre kirchliche Sendung</i>, eds. Hans Urs von Balthasar, Georges Chantraine, and Angelo Scola (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1986), p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hans Urs von Balthasar, <i>Adrienne von Speyr als Ärztin</i>, in <i>Missionskalender 1972</i>, ed. Benediktiner-Missionare von St. Ottilien (Eresing: Editions Sankt Ottilien, 1972), pp. 58–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles201344-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles201344_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles201344_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiles2013">Miles 2013</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstthings.com/web-exclusives/2013/11/an-introduction-to-adrienne-von-speyr">"An Introduction to Adrienne von Speyr | L. M. Miles"</a>. <i>First Things</i>. 7 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=First+Things&rft.atitle=An+Introduction+to+Adrienne+von+Speyr+%7C+L.+M.+Miles&rft.date=2013-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstthings.com%2Fweb-exclusives%2F2013%2F11%2Fan-introduction-to-adrienne-von-speyr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+von+Speyr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar199434-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar199434_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1994">Balthasar 1994</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1981153-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1981153_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1981153_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995397-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeyr1995397_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpeyr1995">Speyr 1995</a>, pp. 397.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adrienne von Speyr, <i>Geheimnis der Jugend</i> (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1966), p. 299.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Henrici, <i>Hans Urs von Balthasar: A Sketch of His Life</i>, in <i>Communio</i> 16 (Fall 1989): 326.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles201342-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles201342_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiles2013">Miles 2013</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1981151-152-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1981151-152_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 151-152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198131-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198131_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198132-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198132_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198132_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198132_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198132_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1981154-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1981154_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adrienne von Speyr, <i>Nachlasswerke</i>, vol. 8 (Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag, 1975), pp. 160–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin" class="citation web cs1">Martin, Ralph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:52efcdaa-cdb5-4f7f-abc1-122cc68e4369">"Balthasar and Speyr: First Steps in a Discernment of Spirits"</a>. <i>Adobe Cloud</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adobe+Cloud&rft.atitle=Balthasar+and+Speyr%3A+First+Steps+in+a+Discernment+of+Spirits&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocumentcloud.adobe.com%2Flink%2Ftrack%3Furi%3Durn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A52efcdaa-cdb5-4f7f-abc1-122cc68e4369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+von+Speyr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles201319-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles201319_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiles2013">Miles 2013</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles201352-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles201352_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiles2013">Miles 2013</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198113-20-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198113-20_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 13-20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henrici, Peter. "A Sketch of von Balthasar's Life." In <i>Hans Urs von Balthasar: His Life and Work</i>. Edited by David L. Schindler. San Francisco: Communio Books and Ignatius Press, 1991. P. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198191-95-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198191-95_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 91-95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar19949-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar19949_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1994">Balthasar 1994</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar199455-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar199455_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1994">Balthasar 1994</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFServais2019" class="citation book cs1">Servais, Jacques (2019). <i>Hans Urs von Balthasar on the Spiritual Exercises</i>. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. pp. xx–xxi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781621642794" title="Special:BookSources/9781621642794"><bdi>9781621642794</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar+on+the+Spiritual+Exercises&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=xx-xxi&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781621642794&rft.aulast=Servais&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+von+Speyr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles201311,_50–52-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles201311,_50–52_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiles2013">Miles 2013</a>, pp. 11, 50–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar199413-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar199413_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1994">Balthasar 1994</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1993105-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1993105_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1993">Balthasar 1993</a>, p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198144-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198144_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198137-39-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198137-39_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 37-39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles201343-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles201343_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiles2013">Miles 2013</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198145-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198145_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198145_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198189-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198189_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1981-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar1981_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles201320-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles201320_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiles2013">Miles 2013</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198134-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198134_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198149–62-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198149–62_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 49–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles2013passim-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles2013passim_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiles2013">Miles 2013</a>, passim.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSindoni1996" class="citation book cs1">Sindoni, Paolo Ricci (1996). <i>Adrienne von Speyr (1902–1967). Storia di un esistenza teologica</i>. Turin: SEI. pp. 15–16, 31, 51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adrienne+von+Speyr+%281902%E2%80%931967%29.+Storia+di+un+esistenza+teologica&rft.place=Turin&rft.pages=15-16%2C+31%2C+51&rft.pub=SEI&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Sindoni&rft.aufirst=Paolo+Ricci&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+von+Speyr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker" class="citation web cs1">Walker, Adrian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ignatius.com/promotions/bookofallsaints/downloads/walker.pdf">"The Thirst for Catholicity: A Key to Understanding Adrienne von Speyr's The Book of All Saints"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Ignatius Insight</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ignatius+Insight&rft.atitle=The+Thirst+for+Catholicity%3A+A+Key+to+Understanding+Adrienne+von+Speyr%27s+The+Book+of+All+Saints&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ignatius.com%2Fpromotions%2Fbookofallsaints%2Fdownloads%2Fwalker.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+von+Speyr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray2011" class="citation journal cs1">Murray, Paul (2011). "Aquinas at Prayer: The Interior Life of a 'Mystic on Campus'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Logos</i>. <b>14/1</b> (1039): 39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Logos&rft.atitle=Aquinas+at+Prayer%3A+The+Interior+Life+of+a+%27Mystic+on+Campus%27&rft.volume=14%2F1&rft.issue=1039&rft.pages=39&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+von+Speyr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutton2014" class="citation book cs1">Sutton, Michael Lewis (2014). <i>Heaven Opens: The Trinitarian Mysticism of Adrienne von Speyr</i>. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. p. 178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781451473018" title="Special:BookSources/9781451473018"><bdi>9781451473018</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heaven+Opens%3A+The+Trinitarian+Mysticism+of+Adrienne+von+Speyr&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781451473018&rft.aulast=Sutton&rft.aufirst=Michael+Lewis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+von+Speyr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardiner2002" class="citation journal cs1">Gardiner, Anne Barbeau (September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newoxfordreview.org/documents/the-dubious-adrienne-von-speyr/">"The Dubious Adrienne von Speyr: Correcting the Deposit of Faith?"</a>. <i>New Oxford Review</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Oxford+Review&rft.atitle=The+Dubious+Adrienne+von+Speyr%3A+Correcting+the+Deposit+of+Faith%3F&rft.date=2002-09&rft.aulast=Gardiner&rft.aufirst=Anne+Barbeau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newoxfordreview.org%2Fdocuments%2Fthe-dubious-adrienne-von-speyr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+von+Speyr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2020" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Ralph (2020). <i>A Church in Crisis: Pathways Forward</i>. Steubenville, OH: Emmaus Road. pp. ch. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1645850489" title="Special:BookSources/978-1645850489"><bdi>978-1645850489</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Church+in+Crisis%3A+Pathways+Forward&rft.place=Steubenville%2C+OH&rft.pages=ch.+8&rft.pub=Emmaus+Road&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1645850489&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+von+Speyr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFServais2002" class="citation journal cs1">Servais, Jacques (September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newoxfordreview.org/documents/in-defense-of-adrienne-von-speyr/">"In Defense of Adrienne von Speyr"</a>. <i>New Oxford Review</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Oxford+Review&rft.atitle=In+Defense+of+Adrienne+von+Speyr&rft.date=2002-09&rft.aulast=Servais&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newoxfordreview.org%2Fdocuments%2Fin-defense-of-adrienne-von-speyr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+von+Speyr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchumacher2014" class="citation book cs1">Schumacher, Michele (2014). <i>A Trinitarian Anthropology</i>. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press. p. 214. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813226972" title="Special:BookSources/9780813226972"><bdi>9780813226972</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Trinitarian+Anthropology&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=Catholic+University+of+America+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780813226972&rft.aulast=Schumacher&rft.aufirst=Michele&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+von+Speyr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198164-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198164_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:52efcdaa-cdb5-4f7f-abc1-122cc68e4369">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Balthasar and Speyr: First Steps in a Discernment of Spirits", Ralph Martin, Sacred Heart Major Seminary, Archdiocese of Detroit (USA)"</a>. <i>documentcloud.adobe.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=documentcloud.adobe.com&rft.atitle=%22Balthasar+and+Speyr%3A+First+Steps+in+a+Discernment+of+Spirits%22%2C+Ralph+Martin%2C+Sacred+Heart+Major+Seminary%2C+Archdiocese+of+Detroit+%28USA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocumentcloud.adobe.com%2Flink%2Ftrack%3Furi%3Durn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A52efcdaa-cdb5-4f7f-abc1-122cc68e4369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+von+Speyr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198166-67-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar198166-67_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar1981">Balthasar 1981</a>, p. 66-67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Adrienne von Speyr und ihre kirchliche Sendung</i>. Einsiedeln: Johannes Verlag. 1986. pp. 181–82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3265103064" title="Special:BookSources/3265103064"><bdi>3265103064</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adrienne+von+Speyr+und+ihre+kirchliche+Sendung&rft.place=Einsiedeln&rft.pages=181-82&rft.pub=Johannes+Verlag&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=3265103064&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+von+Speyr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Speyr2019" class="citation book cs1">von Speyr, Adrienne (2019). <i>The Word</i>. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. pp. jacket. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781621642725" title="Special:BookSources/9781621642725"><bdi>9781621642725</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Word&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=jacket&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781621642725&rft.aulast=von+Speyr&rft.aufirst=Adrienne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+von+Speyr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dietlind Langner, Marco A. Sorace, Peter Zimmerling (2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M6XGYuwTcIgC&pg=PA259"><i>Gottesfreundschaft: christliche Mystik im Zeitgespräch</i></a> p.259 quotation: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Hans Urs von Balthasar selbst hat die Begegnung mit Adrienne von Speyr und ihrer „experimentellen Dogmatik"6 als das Movens seiner Theologie bezeichnet: „Das meiste, was ich schrieb, ist eine Übersetzung dessen, was auf unmittelbarere, weniger technische Weise in dem gewaltigen Werk Adriennes von Speyr niedergelegt wurde.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalthasar201715-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalthasar201715_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalthasar2017">Balthasar 2017</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1967.htm#Speyr">"1967"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1967&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsaints.faithweb.com%2Fyear%2F1967.htm%23Speyr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+von+Speyr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cited_sources">Cited sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_von_Speyr&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cited sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalthasar1981" class="citation book cs1">von Balthasar, Hans Urs (1981). <i>Antje Lawry and Sergia Englund</i> [<i>First Glance at Adrienne von Speyr</i>]. San Francisco: Ignatius Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antje+Lawry+and+Sergia+Englund&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=von+Balthasar&rft.aufirst=Hans+Urs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+von+Speyr" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalthasar1993" class="citation book cs1">von Balthasar, Hans Urs (1993). <i>My Work in Retrospect</i>. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780898704358" title="Special:BookSources/9780898704358"><bdi>9780898704358</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Work+in+Retrospect&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780898704358&rft.aulast=von+Balthasar&rft.aufirst=Hans+Urs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+von+Speyr" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalthasar2017" class="citation book cs1">von Balthasar, Hans Urs (2017). <i>First Glance at Adrienne von Speyr</i>. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62164-180-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62164-180-3"><bdi>978-1-62164-180-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Glance+at+Adrienne+von+Speyr&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-62164-180-3&rft.aulast=von+Balthasar&rft.aufirst=Hans+Urs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+von+Speyr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalthasar1994" class="citation book cs1">von Balthasar, Hans Urs (1994). <i>Our Task: A Report and a Plan</i>. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780898705157" title="Special:BookSources/9780898705157"><bdi>9780898705157</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Task%3A+A+Report+and+a+Plan&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780898705157&rft.aulast=von+Balthasar&rft.aufirst=Hans+Urs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+von+Speyr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiles2013" class="citation thesis cs1">Miles, Lois M. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.577660"><i>Obedience of a corpse: the key to the Holy Saturday writings of Adrienne von Speyr</i></a> (Thesis). University of Aberdeen.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Obedience+of+a+corpse%3A+the+key+to+the+Holy+Saturday+writings+of+Adrienne+von+Speyr&rft.inst=University+of+Aberdeen&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=Lois+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fethos.bl.uk%2FOrderDetails.do%3Fuin%3Duk.bl.ethos.577660&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+von+Speyr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpeyr1995" class="citation book cs1">von Speyr, Adrienne (1995). <i>My Early Years</i>. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/089870541X" title="Special:BookSources/089870541X"><bdi>089870541X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Early+Years&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=089870541X&rft.aulast=von+Speyr&rft.aufirst=Adrienne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdrienne+von+Speyr" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_von_Speyr&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Adrienne von Speyr, <i>My Early Years</i>, trans. Mary Emily Hamilton and Dennis D. Martin (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1995).</li> <li>Blaise Berg, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/berg-christian-marriage-according-to-adrienne-von-speyr/page/18/mode/2up">Christian Marriage according to Adrienne Von Speyr</a></i> (D.Th. dissertation, Pontifical Lateran University, 2003).</li> <li>Michele Schumacher, <i>A Trinitarian Anthropology: Adrienne von Speyr and Hans Urs von Balthasar in Dialogue with Thomas Aquinas</i> (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2014).</li> <li>Matthew Lewis Sutton, <i>Heaven Opens: Adrienne von Speyr's Trinitarian Mysticism</i> (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2014).</li> <li>Matthew Lewis Sutton, <i>Compassionate Presence: The Trinitarian Spirituality of Adrienne von Speyr</i> (Brooklyn, Angelico Press, 2022).</li> <li>Regis Martin, <i>Von Speyr's Life of Grace</i>, in <i>National Catholic Register</i>, December 29, 1985, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://christendom-awake.org/pages/balthasa/vonspeye.htm">Balthasar/Von Speyer</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_von_Speyr&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://balthasarspeyr.org/">Balthasar & Speyr</a>, an online portal for information on von Speyr, von Balthasar, and the religious community they founded</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://balthasarspeyr.org/community-of-st-john/">Community of St. John</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126125225/https://balthasarspeyr.org/community-of-st-john/">Archived</a> 2021-01-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, official site</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://johannes-verlag.de/">Johannes Verlag</a>, publisher of Adrienne von Speyr's original works in German</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ignatius.com">Ignatius Press</a>, publisher of Adrienne von Speyr's works in English</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070227120818/http://www.secularinstitutes.org/csj.htm">Community of Saint John</a>, overview of the Johannesgemeinschaft at United States Conference of Secular Institutes</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adriennevonspeyr.net/">adriennevonspeyr.net</a>, a site devoted to Adrienne von Speyr and to theologians who study her</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000071395354">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/27071860">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/37277/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvRW974VmJYyhHydwrTHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118833545">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79063959">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119253338">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119253338">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Speyr, Adrienne : von"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV003360">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=skuk0005362&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1127745">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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