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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Natie" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Natie" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Natie" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visies_van_wetenschappers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visies_van_wetenschappers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Visies van wetenschappers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visies_van_wetenschappers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Noten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Natie</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 121 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-121" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">121 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasie" title="Nasie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nasie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation" title="Nation – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Nation" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naci%C3%B3n" title="Nación – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Nación" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A9" title="أمة – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%98%DC%A1%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܐܘܡܬܐ – Aramees" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܘܡܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naci%C3%B3n" title="Nación – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нация – Avarisch" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Нация" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mill%C9%99t" title="Millət – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Millət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AA" title="میلت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="میلت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation" title="Nation – Beiers" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Nation" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Beiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Нацыя – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Нацыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нация – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="नेशन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नेशन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="জাতি – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacija" title="Nacija – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D2%BB%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Үндэһэтэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Үндэһэтэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naci%C3%B3" title="Nació – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ACng-c%C5%ADk" title="Mìng-cŭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mìng-cŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95" title="نەتەوە – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نەتەوە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1rod" title="Národ – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Národ" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenedl" title="Cenedl – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cenedl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation" title="Nation – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation" title="Nation – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%B1let" title="Mılet – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mılet" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Έθνος (κοινωνιολογία) – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έθνος (κοινωνιολογία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation" title="Nation – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacio" title="Nacio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nacio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naci%C3%B3n" title="Nación – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahvus" title="Rahvus – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rahvus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazio" title="Nazio – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naci%C3%B3n" title="Nación – Extremeens" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Nación" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA" title="ملت – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ملت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansakunta" title="Kansakunta – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kansakunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Tjóð – Faeröers" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Tjóð" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation" title="Nation – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1isi%C3%BAn" title="Náisiún – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Náisiún" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A0isean" title="Nàisean – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Nàisean" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naci%C3%B3n" title="Nación – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="राश्ट्र – Goa Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="राश्ट्र" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goa Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ak%E1%BB%8Dta" title="Akọta – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Akọta" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ACn-chhu%CC%8Dk" title="Mìn-chhu̍k – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mìn-chhu̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%94" title="אומה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אומה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="राष्ट्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राष्ट्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacija" title="Nacija – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasyon" title="Nasyon – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Nasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemzet" title="Nemzet – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nemzet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation" title="Nation – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Nation" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangsa" title="Bangsa – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bangsa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naciono" title="Naciono – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Naciono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Þjóð – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þjóð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazione" title="Nazione – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%83%E1%93%85%E1%96%83%E1%91%8E%E1%92%8C%E1%91%A6_%E1%90%83%E1%93%95%E1%96%85%E1%91%AF%E1%93%AF%E1%96%83%E1%91%8E%E1%92%8C%E1%92%83%E1%91%90%E1%91%A6" title="ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖃᑎᒌᒃᑐᑦ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖃᑎᒌᒃᑐᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3" title="ネーション – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ネーション" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ერი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C9%A3lan" title="Aɣlan – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aɣlan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Ұлт – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ұлт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EB%AF%BC" title="국민 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국민" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netewe" title="Netewe – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Netewe" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natio" title="Natio – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Natio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natioun" title="Natioun – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Natioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natie" title="Natie – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Natie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naziun" title="Naziun – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Naziun" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacija" title="Nacija – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%81cija" title="Nācija – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Нациясь – Moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Нациясь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangso" title="Bangso – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bangso" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Нација – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Үндэстэн – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үндэстэн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="राष्ट्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="राष्ट्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_(budaya)" title="Negara (budaya) – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Negara (budaya)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="လူမျိုး – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လူမျိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="राष्ट्र – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="राष्ट्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasjon" title="Nasjon – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasjon" title="Nasjon – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacion" title="Nacion – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nacion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0" title="ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation" title="Nation – Nigeriaans Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Nation" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigeriaans Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nar%C3%B3d" title="Naród – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Naród" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85" title="قوم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قوم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3" title="ولس – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ولس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Nação – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawsayllaqta" title="Kawsayllaqta – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kawsayllaqta" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Sel" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%C8%9Biune" title="Națiune – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Națiune" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нация – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Нація – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Нація" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natzione" title="Natzione – Sardijns" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Natzione" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardijns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazzioni" title="Nazzioni – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nazzioni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85" title="قوم – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="قوم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacija" title="Nacija – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation" title="Nation – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="Nation" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation" title="Nation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1rod" title="Národ – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Národ" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacija" title="Nacija – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhidhizha" title="Dhidhizha – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Dhidhizha" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaran" title="Qaran – Somalisch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Qaran" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombi" title="Kombi – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kombi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Нација – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation" title="Nation – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taifa" title="Taifa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Taifa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தேசம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தேசம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AF" title="జాతీయ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జాతీయ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Миллат – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Миллат" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="ชาติ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาติ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millet" title="Millet – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Millet" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82" title="Милләт – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Милләт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%A7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Йӧскалык – Oedmoerts" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Йӧскалык" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Oedmoerts" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%87%D9%84%DB%87%D8%B3" title="ئۇلۇس – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئۇلۇس" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Нація – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85" title="قوم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millat" title="Millat – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Millat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasion" title="Nasion – Venetiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Nasion" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Voor de Zuid-Nederlandse naam voor </i>gilde<i>, zie <a href="/wiki/Natie_(bedrijf)" title="Natie (bedrijf)">Natie (bedrijf)</a>.</i> </div> <p>Een <b>natie</b> is in beginsel een <a href="/wiki/Groep_(sociologie)" title="Groep (sociologie)">gemeenschap</a> van mensen die zich verbonden voelen door gedeelde kenmerken. Het begrip is niet slechts academisch, maar heeft ook een sterke politieke lading en kent dan ook vele definities. Criteria kunnen objectief zijn zoals <a href="/wiki/Verwantschap" title="Verwantschap">verwantschap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cultuur" title="Cultuur">cultuur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taal" title="Taal">taal</a> of <a href="/wiki/Religie" title="Religie">religie</a>. Subjectieve criteria zijn <a href="/wiki/Sociale_verbondenheid" title="Sociale verbondenheid">verbondenheid</a> en <a href="/wiki/Solidariteit_(sociale_wetenschappen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solidariteit (sociale wetenschappen)">solidariteit</a> die gevoeld wordt door een <a href="/wiki/Groep_(sociologie)" title="Groep (sociologie)">groep</a>. Als de natie grotendeels samenvalt met de <a href="/wiki/Staat_(politiek)" title="Staat (politiek)">staat</a> wordt wel gesproken van een <a href="/wiki/Natiestaat" title="Natiestaat">natiestaat</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natie&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natie&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dat het begrip natie omstreden is, heeft veel te maken met de ontwikkelingen rond de <a href="/wiki/Ideologie" title="Ideologie">ideologie</a> van de natie, het <a href="/wiki/Nationalisme" title="Nationalisme">nationalisme</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Gellner" title="Ernest Gellner">Ernest Gellner</a> definieerde dit als <i>een politiek principe, dat ervan uitgaat dat politieke en nationale territoriale eenheden samen moeten vallen</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De definitie van de natie krijgt daarmee een sterke politieke lading en wordt ingevuld aan de hand van de achterliggende belangen. </p><p>Over het algemeen wordt het ontstaan van het nationalisme gesitueerd rond de <a href="/wiki/Franse_Revolutie" title="Franse Revolutie">Franse Revolutie</a>, terwijl het tot volle wasdom kwam in de negentiende eeuw, waarbij de <a href="/wiki/Verlichting_(stroming)" title="Verlichting (stroming)">Verlichting</a> voor het <a href="/wiki/Staatsnationalisme" title="Staatsnationalisme">staatsnationalisme</a> en de Duitse <a href="/wiki/Romantiek_(stroming)" title="Romantiek (stroming)">romantiek</a> voor het <a href="/wiki/Cultuurnationalisme" title="Cultuurnationalisme">cultuurnationalisme</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Etnisch_nationalisme" title="Etnisch nationalisme">etnisch nationalisme</a> twee belangrijke inspiraties waren. </p><p>Het wetenschappelijke debat in de negentiende eeuw werd sterk beïnvloed door het <a href="/wiki/Primordialisme" title="Primordialisme">primordialisme</a> (<i>primordial attachments</i>, oorspronkelijke gehechtheden) dat stelde dat <a href="/wiki/Nationale_identiteit" title="Nationale identiteit">nationale identiteit</a> een natuurlijk <a href="/wiki/Fenomeen" title="Fenomeen">fenomeen</a> zou zijn. Hierop kwam vooral in de tweede helft van de twintigste eeuw de nodige kritiek. De natie zou een moderne uitvinding zijn, samenhangend met de overgang van <a href="/wiki/Traditioneel_gezag" title="Traditioneel gezag">traditioneel gezag</a> naar <a href="/wiki/Rationeel-legaal_gezag" title="Rationeel-legaal gezag">rationeel-legaal gezag</a> gedurende de <a href="/wiki/Vroegmoderne_tijd" title="Vroegmoderne tijd">vroegmoderne tijd</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gezag" title="Gezag">Gezag</a> werd eerder <a href="/wiki/Legitimiteit_(politiek)" title="Legitimiteit (politiek)">gelegitimeerd</a> door de <a href="/wiki/Sociale_klasse" title="Sociale klasse">afkomst</a> en het daarbij horende <a href="/wiki/Sociale_status" title="Sociale status">prestige</a> van de heerser en was in veel mindere mate geografisch bepaald. In de <a href="/wiki/Middeleeuwen" title="Middeleeuwen">middeleeuwen</a> gold land veelal als persoonlijk bezit van de heerser en kon als zodanig dan ook opnieuw verdeeld en samengevoegd worden. </p><p>Een proto-nationaal bewustzijn werd vooral gestimuleerd door aanvallen van buitenaf. Rond 1500 waren er in Europa nog zo'n 500 staatjes in competitie met elkaar. De expansiedrang van de diverse Europese vorstenhuizen en de daarmee gepaard gaande <a href="/wiki/Militaire_revolutie" title="Militaire revolutie">militaire revolutie</a> bracht een consolidatie op gang waardoor het aantal staten rond 1900 was teruggebracht tot ongeveer 20. Om de economische, industriële en militaire macht te laten groeien moest een steeds groter beroep gedaan worden op de bevolking. <a href="/wiki/Staatsvorming" title="Staatsvorming">Staatsvorming</a> en nationalisme gingen dan ook volgens onder meer <a href="/wiki/Eric_Hobsbawm" title="Eric Hobsbawm">Eric Hobsbawm</a> vooraf aan <a href="/wiki/Natievorming" title="Natievorming">natievorming</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><i>Nationalism comes before nations. Nations do not make states and nationalists but the other way round.</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Bij dat proces zou gebruik worden gemaakt van <a href="/wiki/Uitgevonden_tradities" class="mw-redirect" title="Uitgevonden tradities">uitgevonden tradities</a> en een <a href="/w/index.php?title=Culturele_homogeniteit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Culturele homogeniteit (de pagina bestaat niet)">culturele homogenisering</a> die plaatsvond door de verspreiding van een <a href="/wiki/Standaardtaal" title="Standaardtaal">standaardtaal</a>, een <a href="/wiki/Standaardtijd" title="Standaardtijd">standaardtijd</a> en omgangsvormen en <a href="/wiki/Levensstijl" title="Levensstijl">levensstijlen</a> die nog wel variëren met de <a href="/wiki/Sociale_rol" title="Sociale rol">sociale rol</a>, maar niet meer streekgebonden zijn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visies_van_wetenschappers">Visies van wetenschappers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natie&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Visies van wetenschappers" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natie&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Visies van wetenschappers"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De Franse filosoof <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Ernest Renan</a> zag aan het einde van de negentiende eeuw in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wat_is_een_natie%3F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wat is een natie? (de pagina bestaat niet)">Wat is een natie?</a></i> ras, taal, gemeenschappelijke belangen, religieuze affiniteit, geografie en militaire noodzaak als onvoldoende om een natie te vormen. Daarvoor was meer nodig, waaronder een heldhaftig verleden, grote mannen en glorie. Op dit sociaal kapitaal zou het nationale idee gebaseerd zijn. De natie bestaat dan uit een verleden en een heden: gemeenschappelijke roem in het verleden waarin veel dingen samen zijn gedaan en een gemeenschappelijke wil in het heden, de wil om ook in de toekomst met elkaar verder te gaan. Hij zag daarbij al dat voortschrijdend kritisch historisch onderzoek een gevaar vormde voor de natie: </p> <dl><dd><i>Vergetelheid, en ik zou zelfs zeggen de historische vergissing, is een essentiële factor in de schepping van een volk en daarmee is de voortgang van de historische studies vaak een gevaar voor de nationaliteit.</i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Volgens historicus <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Anderson" title="Benedict Anderson">Benedict Anderson</a> is een natie een <a href="/wiki/Ingebeelde_gemeenschap" title="Ingebeelde gemeenschap">verbeelde politieke gemeenschap</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natie&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natie&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Geary, P.</span> (2001): <i>The Myth of Nations. The Medieval Origins of Europe</i>, Princeton</li> <li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan, E.</a></span> (1882): <i>Qu’est-ce qu’une nation?</i>, Calmann Lévy</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noten">Noten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natie&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Noten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natie&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Noten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Gellner" title="Ernest Gellner">Gellner, E.</a></span> (1983): <i>Nations and Nationalism</i>, Cornell University Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Hobsbawm" title="Eric Hobsbawm">Hobsbawm, E.</a></span> (1993): <i>Nations and Nationalism Since 1780</i>, Cambridge University Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nationalisme komt vooraf aan naties. Naties maken geen staten en nationalisten maar het omgekeerde geldt.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>L’oubli, et je dirai même l’erreur historique, sont un facteur essentiel de la création d’une nation, et c’est ainsi que le progrès des études historiques est souvent pour la nationalité un danger.</i> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan</a></span> (1882)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Anderson" title="Benedict Anderson">Anderson, B.</a></span> (1983): <i>Imagined Communities. 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