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id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella per generi musicali"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background: #dc143c; color: white;">Honky-tonk</th></tr><tr><th>Origini culturali</th><td><a href="/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie">boogie-woogie</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Strumento_musicale" title="Strumento musicale">Strumenti</a> tipici</th><td><a href="/wiki/Pianoforte" title="Pianoforte">Pianoforte</a> verticale </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Honky tonk</b> è un <a href="/wiki/Genere_musicale" title="Genere musicale">genere musicale</a>, di derivazione del <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">ragtime</a>. </p><p>Nell'honky tonk appare un sorta di "appello nostalgico", che è l'aspetto in qualche modo rivoluzionario che i revivalisti della Costa occidentale avevano enfatizzato nella loro musica. Per loro questo nuovo <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">ragtime</a> rappresentava un radicale allontanamento dalla futilità dello show-biz. Avevano abbracciato questo vecchio sound di colore nella ribellione poiché esso risultava nella sua natura una musica di protesta o quantomeno un mezzo di espressione personale. Ma il nuovo <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">ragtime</a> che sorse negli anni Cinquanta veniva ad essere un vero e proprio <i>remake</i>, un’invocazione alla sicurezza del passato e un rifacimento spersonalizzato a questo."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honky-tonk&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Etimologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honky-tonk&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il termine <i>Honky tonk</i> ha origini incerte. Si ritiene che derivi da un termine scherzoso, nello slang del Sud e del Mid-west degli <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">Stati Uniti d'America</a> per definire gli sgangherati pianoforti verticali installati comunemente nelle taverne di quelle regioni, e destinati a fine ottocento per servire ai pianisti <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">ragtime</a>. </p><p>Nei primi anni del <a href="/wiki/XX_secolo" title="XX secolo">XX secolo</a> il termine indicava spesso taverne e bettole riservate al <a href="/wiki/Sottoproletariato" title="Sottoproletariato">sottoproletariato</a> di colore (più tardi solitamente definite "juke-joints"). Con l'avvento del <a href="/wiki/Proibizionismo" title="Proibizionismo">proibizionismo</a> con tale termine si indicavano le mescite abusive di alcolici (sinonimo di "speak-easy"); dopo la fine del proibizionismo si chiamarono così (o con nomi simili come <i>honkatonks</i>, <i>honkey-tonks</i>, <i>tonks</i> o <i>tunks</i> bars), particolarmente in <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> e <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, anche le taverne (o bar) con annessa pista da ballo, frequentate da avventori bianchi, in genere operai, camionisti o contadini. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musica">Musica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honky-tonk&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Musica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honky-tonk&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Musica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fino agli anni quaranta il termine si usava talvolta come sinonimo di ragtime, o degli stili pianistici derivati (<a href="/wiki/Stride" class="mw-redirect" title="Stride">stride</a>, barrel house). <i>Honky-tonk sound</i> ancora oggi fa riferimento alla sonorità leggera e metallica tipica dei pianoforti di tipo verticale. </p><p>Sul calar degli anni Settanta la maggior parte dei sofisticati amanti del <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">ragtime</a> si indirizzava al ragtime sdolcinato proprio di quel periodo. Alla luce di ciò è opportuno dare una valutazione più esatta di quel tipo di 'honk tonk'; sarebbe sciocco tentare di trovarvi qualche messaggio impegnato tuttavia vi sono alcuni punti su cui riflettere. La musica era vivace, ben composta e, in taluni casi, molto originale. Erano presenti alcune tracce precedenti dello stile pianistico ‘back-room’, ma le prime significative registrazioni del genere sembrano già essere contenute in un album prodotto dall'etichetta Capitol nel 1940, con il titolo <i>Honky-Tonk Piano</i><b>.</b><sup id="cite_ref-ref_A_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref_A-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Negli anni quaranta il declino delle big-bands di <a href="/wiki/Western_swing" title="Western swing">Western swing</a> obbligò quei musicisti a ripiegare su formazioni più modeste (caratterizzate dal suono del pianoforte, da cui il riutilizzo del termine), sviluppando uno stile che pur non ottenendo i consensi del country ortodosso ebbe un ampio seguito di pubblico fino agli anni sessanta. </p><p>Numerosi esponenti di spicco della musica Country iniziarono la loro carriera nell'ambito Honky-tonk, da <a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a> a <a href="/wiki/Merle_Haggard" title="Merle Haggard">Merle Haggard</a>. </p><p>Infatti l’intera <a href="/wiki/America" title="America">America</a> accolse con successo il ritorno dell'honky-tonk ed era soddisfatta per tale invenzione. Basti dire che in un anno o quasi uno dei ‘professori’, Lou Buch, aveva rilanciato la carriera del suo alter ego, Joe “Fingers” Carr, con l’incisione di un brano originale, <i>Ivory Rag</i>, che riscosse un buon successo anche a livello internazionale, soprattutto in <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> e <a href="/wiki/Svizzera" title="Svizzera">Svizzera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ref_A_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref_A-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honky-tonk&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honky-tonk&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFDe_Stefano_2007">De Stefano 2007</a></cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref_A-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-ref_A_2-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-ref_A_2-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gildo_De_Stefano" title="Gildo De Stefano">Gildo De Stefano</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554517">.mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:#ffeaea;color:#444444}.mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#EE0700}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}</style><span class="chiarimento">op.cit.</span><sup class="noprint chiarimento-apice">[<i><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Chiarezza" title="Aiuto:Chiarezza">in bibliografia ci sono due volumi del medesimo autore</a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honky-tonk&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honky-tonk&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFDe_Stefano_1984" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/Gildo_De_Stefano" title="Gildo De Stefano">Gildo De Stefano</a>, <span style="font-style:italic;">Storia del ragtime: origini, evoluzione, tecnica 1880-1980</span>, prefazione di <a href="/wiki/Ezio_Zefferi" title="Ezio Zefferi">Ezio Zefferi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia">Venezia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marsilio_Editori" title="Marsilio Editori">Marsilio Editori</a>, 1984, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/8831749846" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/8831749846">8831749846</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDe_Stefano_2007" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/Gildo_De_Stefano" title="Gildo De Stefano">Gildo De Stefano</a>, <span style="font-style:italic;">Ragtime, jazz & dintorni: la musica sincopata da Scott Joplin al Terzo Millennio</span>, prefazione di <a href="/wiki/Amiri_Baraka" title="Amiri Baraka">Amiri Baraka</a>, postfazione di <a href="/wiki/Renzo_Arbore" title="Renzo Arbore">Renzo Arbore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milano" title="Milano">Milano</a>, <a href="/wiki/SugarCo_Edizioni" title="SugarCo Edizioni">SugarCo Edizioni</a>, 2007, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/887198532X" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/887198532X">887198532X</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honky-tonk&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honky-tonk&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Honkytonk_Man" title="Honkytonk Man">Honkytonk Man</a></i>, film diretto e interpretato da <a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1982)</li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GClef.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Musica"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/9px-GClef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/14px-GClef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/18px-GClef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="41" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Musica" title="Portale:Musica">Portale Musica</a></b></div></div><div 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