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<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Four right exertions/efforts/strivings (<span><i>cattāro sammappadhānā</i></span>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Four_right_exertions/efforts/strivings_(cattāro_sammappadhānā)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Four_bases_of_spiritual_power_(cattāro_iddhipādā)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Four_bases_of_spiritual_power_(cattāro_iddhipādā)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Four bases of spiritual power (<span><i>cattāro iddhipādā</i></span>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Four_bases_of_spiritual_power_(cattāro_iddhipādā)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Five_spiritual_faculties_(pañca_indriya)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Five_spiritual_faculties_(pañca_indriya)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Five spiritual faculties (<span><i>pañca indriya</i></span>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Five_spiritual_faculties_(pañca_indriya)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Five_Strengths_(pañca_bala)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Five_Strengths_(pañca_bala)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Five Strengths (<span><i>pañca bala</i></span>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Five_Strengths_(pañca_bala)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seven_Factors_of_bodhi_(awakening,_understanding)_(satta_bojjhaṅgā)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seven_Factors_of_bodhi_(awakening,_understanding)_(satta_bojjhaṅgā)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Seven Factors of <i>bodhi</i> (awakening, understanding) (satta bojjhaṅgā)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seven_Factors_of_bodhi_(awakening,_understanding)_(satta_bojjhaṅgā)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noble_Eightfold_Path_(ariya_aṭṭhaṅgika_magga)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noble_Eightfold_Path_(ariya_aṭṭhaṅgika_magga)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Noble Eightfold Path (ariya aṭṭhaṅgika magga)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noble_Eightfold_Path_(ariya_aṭṭhaṅgika_magga)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forty-one_and_forty-three_qualities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forty-one_and_forty-three_qualities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Forty-one and forty-three qualities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forty-one_and_forty-three_qualities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_Pali_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_Pali_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In the Pali literature</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_the_Pali_literature-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In the Pali literature subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_the_Pali_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sutta_Pitaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sutta_Pitaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sutta Pitaka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sutta_Pitaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abhidhamma_Pitaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abhidhamma_Pitaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Abhidhamma Pitaka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abhidhamma_Pitaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commentaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commentaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Commentaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commentaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="বোধিপক্ষধর্ম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বোধিপক্ষধর্ম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhipakkhiyadhamma" title="Bodhipakkhiyadhamma – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bodhipakkhiyadhamma" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhipakkhiya_dhamma" title="Bodhipakkhiya dhamma – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bodhipakkhiya dhamma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trente-sept_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments_de_l%27%C3%89veil" title="Trente-sept éléments de l'Éveil – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Trente-sept éléments de l'Éveil" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%BC%EC%8B%AD%EC%B9%A0%EB%8F%84%ED%92%88" title="삼십칠도품 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="삼십칠도품" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" title="Bodhipakkhiyādhammā – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bodhipakkhiyādhammā" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhipakkhika_Dhamma" title="Bodhipakkhika Dhamma – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bodhipakkhika Dhamma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" title="Bodhipakkhiyādhammā – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bodhipakkhiyādhammā" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3dhipakkhija-dhamma" title="Bódhipakkhija-dhamma – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bódhipakkhija-dhamma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E9%81%93%E5%93%81" title="三十七道品 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="三十七道品" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" title="Bodhipakkhiyādhammā – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bodhipakkhiyādhammā" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%8C" title="ពោធិបក្ខិយធម៌ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ពោធិបក្ខិយធម៌" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" title="Bodhipakkhiyādhammā – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bodhipakkhiyādhammā" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1" title="โพธิปักขิยธรรม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โพธิปักขิยธรรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhipakkhiyadhamma" title="Bodhipakkhiyadhamma – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bodhipakkhiyadhamma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tam_th%E1%BA%ADp_th%E1%BA%A5t_b%E1%BB%93-%C4%91%E1%BB%81_ph%E1%BA%A7n" title="Tam thập thất bồ-đề phần – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tam thập thất bồ-đề phần" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E8%8F%A9%E6%8F%90%E5%88%86%E6%B3%95" title="三十七菩提分法 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="三十七菩提分法" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Spiritual qualities conducive to Buddhist cultivation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#FFD068">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhism" title="Category:Buddhism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#FFD068"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dharmas leading to Awakening</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dharmachakra" title="Dharmachakra"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/110px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/165px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/220px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Satipa%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81na" class="mw-redirect" title="Satipaṭṭhāna">Satipaṭṭhāna</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li>Mindfulness of the body</li> <li>Mindfulness of feelings (<a href="/wiki/Vedan%C4%81" title="Vedanā">vedanā</a>)</li> <li>Mindfulness of the mind (<a href="/wiki/Citta" class="mw-redirect" title="Citta">citta</a>)</li> <li>Mindfulness of principles (dhammas)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Four_Right_Exertions" title="Four Right Exertions">Four Right Exertions</a> (<i>sammappadhāna</i>)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li>Prevent the <a href="/wiki/Merit_(Buddhism)#Puñña,_kusala_and_Nirvana" title="Merit (Buddhism)">unwholesome</a></li> <li>Let go of present unwholesome states</li> <li>Make wholesome states arise</li> <li>Sustain /cultivate the wholesome</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Iddhip%C4%81da" class="mw-redirect" title="Iddhipāda">Four bases of power</a> (<i>iddhipāda</i>)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li>Will (<i><a href="/wiki/Chanda_(Buddhism)" title="Chanda (Buddhism)">chanda</a></i>)</li> <li>Heroic effort (<i><a href="/wiki/Viriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Viriya">viriya</a></i>)</li></ul> <ol><li>Mind (<i><a href="/wiki/Citta" class="mw-redirect" title="Citta">citta</a></i>)</li> <li>Analysis (<i>vīmaṁsa</i>)</li></ol></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Indriya" title="Indriya">Five faculties</a> (<i>pañca-indriya</i>)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li>Conviction (<i><a href="/wiki/Saddh%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Saddhā">saddhā</a></i>)</li> <li>Heroic Effort (<i>viriya</i>)</li> <li>Mindfulness (<i><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Buddhism)" title="Sati (Buddhism)">sati</a></i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samadhi" title="Samadhi">Samādhi</a></i></li> <li>Wisdom (<i><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_in_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisdom in Buddhism">paññā</a></i>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Five_Strengths" title="Five Strengths">Five Strengths</a> (<i>pañcabala</i>)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li>Conviction (<i><a href="/wiki/Saddh%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Saddhā">saddhā</a></i>)</li> <li>Heroic Effort (<i>viriya</i>)</li> <li>Mindfulness (<i><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Buddhism)" title="Sati (Buddhism)">sati</a></i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samadhi" title="Samadhi">Samādhi</a></i></li> <li>Wisdom (<i><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_in_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisdom in Buddhism">paññā</a></i>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Seven_Factors_of_Awakening" title="Seven Factors of Awakening">Seven Factors of Awakening</a> (<i>sattabojjhaṅgā</i>)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li>Mindfulness (<i><a href="/wiki/Mindfulness_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mindfulness (Buddhism)">sati</a></i>)</li> <li>Investigation (<i><a href="/wiki/Dhamma_vicaya" title="Dhamma vicaya">dhamma vicaya</a></i>)</li> <li>Heroic effort (<i><a href="/wiki/V%C4%ABrya" title="Vīrya">viriya</a></i>)</li> <li>Bliss (<i><a href="/wiki/P%C4%ABti" title="Pīti">pīti</a></i>)</li> <li>Calm (<i><a href="/wiki/Passaddhi" title="Passaddhi">passaddhi</a></i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sam%C4%81dhi_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samādhi (Buddhism)">Samādhi</a></i></li> <li>Equanimity (<i><a href="/wiki/Upekkha" class="mw-redirect" title="Upekkha">upekkha</a></i>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFD068;padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Noble Eightfold Path</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border: 2px solid #FDE7B9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path#Right_view" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Right view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path#Right_resolve" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Right resolve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path#Right_speech" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Right speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path#Right_action" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Right action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path#Right_livelihood" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Right livelihood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path#Right_effort" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Right effort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path#Right_mindfulness" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Right mindfulness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam%C4%81dhi_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samādhi (Buddhism)">Right Samādhi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/31px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/47px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/62px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bodhipakkhiyadhamma" title="Template:Bodhipakkhiyadhamma"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bodhipakkhiyadhamma" title="Template talk:Bodhipakkhiyadhamma"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bodhipakkhiyadhamma" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bodhipakkhiyadhamma"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In Buddhism, the <b><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhipakkhiyā dhammā</i></span></b> (<a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pali</a>; variant spellings include <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhipakkhikā dhammā</i></span> and <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhapakkhiyā dhammā</i></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Skt.</a>: <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">bodhipakṣa dharma</i></span>) are qualities (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Dhamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhamma">dhammā</a></i></span>) conducive or related to (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">pakkhiya</i></span>) awakening/understanding (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Bodhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodhi">bodhi</a></i></span>), i.e. the factors and wholesome qualities which are developed when the mind is trained (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Bhavana" title="Bhavana">bhavana</a></i></span>). </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Pali_commentaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Pali commentaries">Pali commentaries</a>, the term <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhipakkhiyā dhammā</i></span> is used to refer to seven sets of such qualities regularly attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</a> throughout the <a href="/wiki/Pali_Canon" title="Pali Canon">Pali Canon</a>. Within these seven sets of <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhi</i></span>-related qualities, there is listed a total of thirty-seven repetitious and interrelated qualities (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">sattatiṃsa bodhipakkhiyā dhammā</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-LaTrobeSearch_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaTrobeSearch-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These seven sets of qualities are recognized by both <a href="/wiki/Therav%C4%81da" class="mw-redirect" title="Theravāda">Theravadan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahāyāna">Mahayanan</a> Buddhists as complementary facets of the <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_paths_to_liberation" title="Buddhist paths to liberation">Buddhist path to <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhi</i></span></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Seven_sets_of_thirty-seven_qualities">Seven sets of thirty-seven qualities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Seven sets of thirty-seven qualities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Pali_Canon" title="Pali Canon">Pali Canon</a>'s <i>Bhāvanānuyutta sutta</i> ("Mental Development Discourse,"<sup id="cite_ref-bhavana_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bhavana-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anguttara_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Anguttara Nikaya">AN</a> 7.67), the Buddha is recorded as saying: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Monks, although a monk who does not apply himself to the meditative development of his mind [<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bhavana</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-bhavana_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bhavana-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>] may wish, "Oh, that my mind might be free from the taints by non-clinging!", yet his mind will not be freed. For what reason? "Because he has not developed his mind," one has to say. Not developed it in what? In the four foundations of mindfulness, the four right kinds of striving, the four bases of success, the five spiritual faculties, the five spiritual powers, the seven factors of enlightenment and the Noble Eightfold Path.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Elsewhere in the Canon,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in numerous places in the <a href="/wiki/%C4%80gama_(Buddhism)" title="Āgama (Buddhism)">āgamas</a> of other early schools,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these seven sets of thirty-seven qualities conducive to Enlightenment are enumerated as: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Four_establishments/presences_of_mindfulness_(cattāro_satipaṭṭhānā)"><span id="Four_establishments.2Fpresences_of_mindfulness_.28catt.C4.81ro_satipa.E1.B9.AD.E1.B9.ADh.C4.81n.C4.81.29"></span>Four establishments/presences of mindfulness (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">cattāro satipaṭṭhānā</i></span>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Four establishments/presences of mindfulness (cattāro satipaṭṭhānā)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Satipatthana" title="Satipatthana">Satipatthana</a></div> <ol><li>Mindfulness of the body (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">kāyānupassanā</i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">kayānupasthāna</i></span>)</li> <li>Mindfulness of feelings (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">vedanānupassanā</i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">vedanānupasthāna</i></span>)</li> <li>Mindfulness of mental states (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">cittānupassanā</i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">cittanupasthāna</i></span>)</li> <li>Mindfulness of mental qualities (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">dhammānupassanā</i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">dharmanupasthāna</i></span>)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Four_right_exertions/efforts/strivings_(cattāro_sammappadhānā)"><span id="Four_right_exertions.2Fefforts.2Fstrivings_.28catt.C4.81ro_sammappadh.C4.81n.C4.81.29"></span>Four right exertions/efforts/strivings (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">cattāro sammappadhānā</i></span>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Four right exertions/efforts/strivings (cattāro sammappadhānā)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Four_Right_Exertions" title="Four Right Exertions">Four Right Exertions</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/V%C4%ABrya" title="Vīrya">Vīrya</a></div> <ol><li>Effort for the preventing of unskillful states to arise [anuppādāya]</li> <li>Effort for the abandoning of the already arisen unskillful states [pahānāya]</li> <li>Effort for the arising of skillful states [uppādāya]</li> <li>Effort for the sustaining and increasing of arisen skillful states [ṭhitiyā]</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Four_bases_of_spiritual_power_(cattāro_iddhipādā)"><span id="Four_bases_of_spiritual_power_.28catt.C4.81ro_iddhip.C4.81d.C4.81.29"></span>Four bases of spiritual power (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">cattāro iddhipādā</i></span>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Four bases of spiritual power (cattāro iddhipādā)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Iddhipada" title="Iddhipada">Iddhipada</a></div> <ol><li>Intention or will (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Chanda_(Buddhism)" title="Chanda (Buddhism)">chanda</a></i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">chanda</i></span>)</li> <li>Effort (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Viriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Viriya">viriya</a></i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">vīrya</i></span>)</li> <li>Consciousness (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Citta" class="mw-redirect" title="Citta">citta</a></i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">citta</i></span>)</li> <li>Skill of Analysis (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">vīmaṁsa</i></span> or <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">vīmaŋsā</i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">mimāṃsā</i></span>)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Five_spiritual_faculties_(pañca_indriya)"><span id="Five_spiritual_faculties_.28pa.C3.B1ca_indriya.29"></span>Five spiritual faculties (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">pañca indriya</i></span>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Five spiritual faculties (pañca indriya)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indriya" title="Indriya">Indriya</a></div> <ol><li>Conviction<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Saddh%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Saddhā">saddhā</a></i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">śraddhā</i></span>)</li> <li>Effort (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">viriya</i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">vīrya</i></span>)</li> <li>Mindfulness (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">sati</i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">smṛti</i></span>)</li> <li>Concentration/Unification (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">samādhi</i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">samādhi</i></span>)</li> <li>Wisdom (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_in_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisdom in Buddhism">paññā</a></i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">prajñā</i></span>)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Five_Strengths_(pañca_bala)"><span id="Five_Strengths_.28pa.C3.B1ca_bala.29"></span>Five Strengths (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">pañca bala</i></span>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Five Strengths (pañca bala)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Five_Strengths" title="Five Strengths">Five Strengths</a></div> <ol><li>Conviction (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">saddhā</i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">śraddhā</i></span>})</li> <li>Effort (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">viriya</i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">vīrya</i></span>)</li> <li>Mindfulness (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Buddhism)" title="Sati (Buddhism)">sati</a></i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">smṛti</i></span>)</li> <li>Concentration/Unification (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">samādhi</i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">samādhi</i></span>)</li> <li>Wisdom (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">paññā</i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">prajñā</i></span>)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seven_Factors_of_bodhi_(awakening,_understanding)_(satta_bojjhaṅgā)"><span id="Seven_Factors_of_bodhi_.28awakening.2C_understanding.29_.28satta_bojjha.E1.B9.85g.C4.81.29"></span>Seven Factors of <i>bodhi</i> (awakening, understanding) (satta bojjhaṅgā)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Seven Factors of bodhi (awakening, understanding) (satta bojjhaṅgā)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Seven_Factors_of_Enlightenment" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Factors of Enlightenment">Seven factors of awakening</a></div> <ol><li>Mindfulness (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">sati</i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">smṛti</i></span>)</li> <li>Investigation (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Dhamma_vicaya" title="Dhamma vicaya">dhamma vicaya</a></i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">dharmapravicaya</i></span>)</li> <li>Effort (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">viriya</i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">vīrya</i></span>)</li> <li>Joy (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/P%C4%ABti" title="Pīti">pīti</a></i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">prīti</i></span>)</li> <li>Tranquillity (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Passaddhi" title="Passaddhi">passaddhi</a></i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">praśrabdhi</i></span>)</li> <li>Concentration/Unification (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Sam%C4%81dhi_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samādhi (Buddhism)">samādhi</a></i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">samādhi</i></span>)</li> <li>Equanimity (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Upekkh%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Upekkhā">upekkhā</a></i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">upekṣā</i></span>)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noble_Eightfold_Path_(ariya_aṭṭhaṅgika_magga)"><span id="Noble_Eightfold_Path_.28ariya_a.E1.B9.AD.E1.B9.ADha.E1.B9.85gika_magga.29"></span>Noble Eightfold Path (ariya aṭṭhaṅgika magga)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Noble Eightfold Path (ariya aṭṭhaṅgika magga)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Noble Eightfold Path</a></div> <ol><li>Right Understanding (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">sammā diṭṭhi</i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">samyag-dṛṣṭi</i></span>)</li> <li>Right Intention (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">sammā saṅkappa</i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">samyak-saṃkalpa</i></span>)</li> <li>Right Speech (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">sammā vācā</i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">samyag-vāc</i></span>)</li> <li>Right Action (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">sammā kammanta</i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">samyak-karmānta</i></span>)</li> <li>Right Livelihood (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">sammā ājīva</i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">samyag-ājīva</i></span>)</li> <li>Right Effort/Energy (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">sammā vāyāma</i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">samyag-vyāyāma</i></span>)</li> <li>Right Mindfulness (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">sammā sati</i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">samyak-smṛti</i></span>)</li> <li>Right Concentration/Unification (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">sammā samādhi</i></span>, S. <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">samyak-samādhi</i></span>)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forty-one_and_forty-three_qualities">Forty-one and forty-three qualities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Forty-one and forty-three qualities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A sutta found in <a href="/wiki/Gandh%C4%81ran_Buddhist_texts#The_Senior_Collection" title="Gandhāran Buddhist texts">The Senior Collection</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gandh%C4%81ran_Buddhist_texts" title="Gandhāran Buddhist texts">Gandhāran Buddhist texts</a> ascribes forty one instead of thirty seven beneficial dharmas.<sup id="cite_ref-salomon2018_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salomon2018-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gandharan text includes <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Rupajhana" class="mw-redirect" title="Rupajhana">rūpajhānas</a></i></span> which the Pali tradition does not.<sup id="cite_ref-salomon2018_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salomon2018-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salomon notes this forty one numbered list appears in both a Chinese translation of the <i><a href="/wiki/%C4%80gama_(Buddhism)#Dīrgha_Āgama" title="Āgama (Buddhism)">Dirghagama</a></i> which current scholarship believes to be of the <a href="/wiki/Dharmaguptaka" title="Dharmaguptaka">Dharmaguptaka</a> school of Buddhism and a Chinese translation of the Dharmaguptaka <a href="/wiki/Vinaya" title="Vinaya">vinaya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-salomon2018_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salomon2018-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Pali Canon's <i>Nettipakaraṇa</i> (<i>Netti</i> 112) forty-three qualities connected with awakening (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">tecattālīsa bodhipakkhiyā dhammā</i></span>) are mentioned which, according to the commentaries, include the aforementioned thirty-seven plus the following six contemplations (also found in the suttas, e.g. <i>Saṅgīti Sutta</i> D iii 251) </p> <ul><li>The contemplation of the <a href="/wiki/Three_marks_of_existence" title="Three marks of existence">three marks of existence</a>:</li></ul> <ol><li>impermanence (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Anicca" class="mw-redirect" title="Anicca">aniccasa</a>ññā</i></span>)</li> <li>suffering (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Dukkha" class="mw-redirect" title="Dukkha">dukkhasa</a>ññā</i></span>)</li> <li>non-self (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Anatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatta">anattasa</a>ññā</i></span>)</li></ol> <ul><li>abandoning (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">pahānasaññā</i></span>)</li> <li>dispassion (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">virāgasaññā</i></span>)</li> <li>cessation (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">nirodhasaññā</i></span>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_Pali_literature">In the Pali literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In the Pali literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The technical term, <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhipakkhiyā dhammā</i></span>, explicitly referring to the seven sets of qualities identified above, is first encountered in the Pali commentaries;<sup id="cite_ref-LaTrobeSearch_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaTrobeSearch-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nonetheless, the seven sets of <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhipakkhiya dhammas</i></span> are themselves first collated, enumerated, and referenced in the <a href="/wiki/Sutta_Pitaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutta Pitaka">Sutta Pitaka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abhidhamma_Pitaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhidhamma Pitaka">Abhidhamma Pitaka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sutta_Pitaka">Sutta Pitaka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sutta Pitaka"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In the <b><a href="/wiki/Digha_Nik%C4%81ya" class="mw-redirect" title="Digha Nikāya">Digha Nikāya</a></b>'s famed <i><a href="/wiki/Maha-parinibbana_Sutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Maha-parinibbana Sutta">Maha-parinibbana Sutta</a></i> (DN 16), which recounts the Buddha's last days, in the Buddha's last address to his assembly of followers he states:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>Now, O bhikkhus, I say to you that these teachings of which I have direct knowledge and which I have made known to you—these you should thoroughly learn, cultivate, develop, and frequently practice, that the life of purity may be established and may long endure, for the welfare and happiness of the multitude, out of compassion for the world, for the benefit, well being, and happiness of gods and men. And what, bhikkhus, are these teachings? They are the four foundations of mindfulness, the four right efforts, the four constituents of psychic power, the five faculties, the five powers, the seven factors of enlightenment, and the Noble Eightfold Path. These, bhikkhus, are the teachings of which I have direct knowledge, which I have made known to you, and which you should thoroughly learn, cultivate, develop, and frequently practice....</p></blockquote><p>In the <b><a href="/wiki/Majjhima_Nik%C4%81ya" title="Majjhima Nikāya">Majjhima Nikāya</a></b>'s "Greater Discourse to Sakuludāyin" (MN 77),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when asked why his disciples venerated him, the Buddha identified five qualities he possessed: highest virtues (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">adhisīle ... paramena sīlakkhandha</i></span>); highest knowledge and vision (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">abhikkante ñāṇadassane</i></span>); highest wisdom (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">adhipaññāya ... paramena paññākkhandha</i></span>); his explanation of the <a href="/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths" title="Four Noble Truths">Four Noble Truths</a> (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">ariyasaccāni</i></span>); and, his identification of numerous ways to develop wholesome states. </p><p>The Buddha's elaboration of the last item included the seven sets of thirty-seven <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhipakkhiya dhammas</i></span> which are enumerated individually in this discourse.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <b><a href="/wiki/Samyutta_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Samyutta Nikaya">Samyutta Nikaya</a></b>, the fifth division's first seven chapters are each devoted to one of the <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhipakkhiya dhammas</i></span>. While there is a great deal of repetition among these chapters' discourses, these seven chapters include almost 900 discourses.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <b><a href="/wiki/Anguttara_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Anguttara Nikaya">Anguttara Nikaya</a></b>'s "Upajjhāyasuttaṃ" (AN 5.6.6), the Buddha recommends five things for a monk to overcome spiritual hindrances: control mental faculties; eat the right amount of food; maintain wakefulness; be aware of <a href="/wiki/Merit_(Buddhism)" title="Merit (Buddhism)">merit</a>; and, develop the <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhipakkhiya dhammas</i></span> throughout the day.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <b><a href="/wiki/Khuddaka_Nik%C4%81ya" title="Khuddaka Nikāya">Khuddaka Nikāya</a></b>, the <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhipakkhiya dhammas</i></span> are mentioned at <a href="/wiki/Itivuttaka" title="Itivuttaka">Iti.</a> 82,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Theragatha" title="Theragatha">Th.</a> 900,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Nett. 31, 112, 197, 237, 240 and 261.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abhidhamma_Pitaka">Abhidhamma Pitaka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Abhidhamma Pitaka"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhipakkhiyā dhammā</i></span> are mentioned in several passages of the <a href="/wiki/Abhidhamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhidhamma">Abhidhamma</a>, such as at <a href="/wiki/Vibha%E1%B9%85ga" title="Vibhaṅga">Vbh.</a> sections 571 and 584.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commentaries">Commentaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Commentaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Visuddhimagga" title="Visuddhimagga">Visuddhimagga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhaghosa" title="Buddhaghosa">Buddhaghosa</a> enumerates the seven sets of <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhipakkhiya dhammas</i></span> along with a relevant <a href="/wiki/Sutta_Pitaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutta Pitaka">Sutta Pitaka</a> discourse (Vism. XXII.33), describes each set (Vism. XXII.34-38), and describes their existence in the consciousness of an <a href="/wiki/Arahant" class="mw-redirect" title="Arahant">arahant</a> (Vism. XXII.39-40). In addition, Buddhaghosa factors the 37 qualities in a manner so as to describe fourteen non-redundant qualities (Vism. XXII.40-43); thus, for instance, while nine qualities (zeal, consciousness, joy, tranquility, equanimity, intention, speech, action, livelihood) are mentioned only once in the full list of 37 qualities, the other five qualities are mentioned multiple times. Table 1 below identifies the five qualities spanning multiple <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhipakkhiya-dhamma</i></span> sets.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:white; border-color:#fff #aaa #aaa #fff"> </td> <th colspan="7" style="font-size:larger">7 SETS OF QUALITIES </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <th><a href="/wiki/Satipa%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81na" class="mw-redirect" title="Satipaṭṭhāna">4<br />Establishments of Mindfulness</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Four_Right_Exertions" title="Four Right Exertions">4<br />Right<br />Exertions</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Iddhip%C4%81da" class="mw-redirect" title="Iddhipāda">4<br />Bases of<br />Power</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Five_Faculties" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Faculties">5<br />Faculties</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Five_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Powers">5<br />Powers</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Seven_Factors_of_Enlightenment" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Factors of Enlightenment">7<br />Factors of<br />Awakening</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Noble<br />Eightfold<br />Path</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="5" style="font-size:larger">5<br /><br />Q<br />U<br />A<br />L<br />I<br />T<br />I<br />E<br />S </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Saddh%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Saddhā">Faith</a> </th> <td style="background:#eee"> </td> <td style="background:#eee"> </td> <td style="background:#eee"> </td> <td style="background:white"><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">saddhā</i></span> </td> <td style="background:white"><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">saddhā</i></span> </td> <td style="background:#eee"> </td> <td style="background:#eee"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Energy </th> <td style="background:#eee"> </td> <td style="background:white"><a href="/wiki/Four_Right_Exertions" title="Four Right Exertions">4<br /><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">sammā-<br />padhāna</i></span></a> </td> <td style="background:white"><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">viriya</i></span> </td> <td style="background:white"><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">viriya</i></span> </td> <td style="background:white"><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">viriya</i></span> </td> <td style="background:white"><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">viriya</i></span> </td> <td style="background:white"><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">sammā<br />vāyāma</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mindfulness_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mindfulness (Buddhism)">Mindfulness</a> </th> <td style="background:white">4<br /><a href="/wiki/Satipatthana" title="Satipatthana"><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">sati-<br />paṭṭhānā</i></span></a> </td> <td style="background:#eee"> </td> <td style="background:#eee"> </td> <td style="background:white"><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">sati</i></span> </td> <td style="background:white"><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">sati</i></span> </td> <td style="background:white"><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">sati</i></span> </td> <td style="background:white"><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">sammā<br />sati</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Sam%C4%81dhi_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samādhi (Buddhism)">Concentration</a> </th> <td style="background:#eee"> </td> <td style="background:#eee"> </td> <td style="background:#eee"> </td> <td style="background:white"><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">samādhi</i></span> </td> <td style="background:white"><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">samādhi</i></span> </td> <td style="background:white"><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">samādhi</i></span> </td> <td style="background:white"><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">sammā<br />samādhi</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_in_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisdom in Buddhism">Wisdom</a> </th> <td style="background:#eee"> </td> <td style="background:#eee"> </td> <td style="background:white"><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">vīmaṁsa</i></span> </td> <td style="background:white"><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">paññā</i></span> </td> <td style="background:white"><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">paññā</i></span> </td> <td style="background:white"><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">dhammā<br />vicaya</i></span> </td> <td style="background:white"><span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">sammā<br />ditthi</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" style="background:white; text-align:left"><i>Table 1:</i> Five qualities mentioned 28 times across seven sets of qualities conducive to Enlightenment (based on <a href="/wiki/Visuddhimagga" title="Visuddhimagga">Vism</a>. XXII.41-43). </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In terms of other Pali commentaries, the <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhipakkhiyā dhammā</i></span> are also mentioned in <i>Dhammapada-Aṭṭhakathā</i> (DhA i.230), <i>Suttanipāta-Aṭṭhakathā</i> (SnA 164), and <i>Jātaka-Aṭṭhakathā</i> (J i.275, iii.290, and v.483).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Points_Unifying_the_Theravada_and_the_Mahayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Points Unifying the Theravada and the Mahayana">Basic Points Unifying the Theravada and the Mahayana</a> – Buddhist ecumenical statement in 1967<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bojjhanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Bojjhanga">Bojjhanga</a> – Spiritual qualities for Buddhist Awakening<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Strengths" title="Five Strengths">Five Strengths</a> – Buddhist philosophical concept</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths" title="Four Noble Truths">Four Noble Truths</a> – Basic framework of Buddhist thought</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Right_Exertions" title="Four Right Exertions">Four Right Exertions</a> – Buddhist philosophical concept</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Buddhism-related_articles" title="Index of Buddhism-related articles">Index of Buddhism-related articles</a> – Alphabetical listing of Buddhism related topics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satipatthana" title="Satipatthana">Satipatthana</a> – Mindfulness in Buddhism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Buddhism" title="Secular Buddhism">Secular Buddhism</a> – Form of non-dogmatic Buddhism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_marks_of_existence" title="Three marks of existence">Three marks of existence</a> – Buddhist concept; consists of impermanence (anicca), suffering (dukkha), and non-self (anattā)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threefold_Training" title="Threefold Training">Threefold Training</a> – Buddhist practices for higher virtue, mind, and wisdom</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bhavana-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bhavana_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bhavana_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Pali word translated here as "development" is <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bhāvanā</i></span>. Nyanaponika & Bodhi (1999), p. 305 <i>n</i>. 20 note: "The term '<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bhāvanā</i></span>' (lit.:making become), usually translated as 'meditation,' is not restricted to methodical exercises in mental concentration but comprises the entire field of mental training." For elaboration on this point, compare the Wikipedia articles <a href="/wiki/Bhavana" title="Bhavana">Bhavana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_meditation" title="Buddhist meditation">Buddhist meditation</a> (regarding "mediation" and "mental concentration"), and <a href="/wiki/Threefold_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Threefold training">Threefold training</a> (regarding "mental training").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Regarding the ordering of the seven sets, Bodhi (2000), pp. 1486–87, notes: "The presentation of the seven sets in a graded sequence might convey the impression that they constitute seven successive stages of practice. This, however, would be a misinterpretation. Close consideration of the series would show that the seven sets are ranked in a numerically ascending order, from four to eight, which means that their arrangement is purely pedagogic and implies nothing about a later set being more advanced than the earlier sets.... By presenting the course of practice from different angles, in different keys, and with different degrees of detail, the texts are able to finely modulate the practice of the path to suit the diverse needs of the people to be trained...."</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the various Pali spellings, see Rhys Davids & Stede (1921–25), p. 491, under the entries for "<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodha</i></span>" and "<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhi</i></span>." In this article, the variants are listed from most frequently used to least, deduced from Rhys Davids & Stede (1921–25) and other sources.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaTrobeSearch-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LaTrobeSearch_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LaTrobeSearch_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Regarding the use of the compound Pali term <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhipakkhiyā dhammā</i></span> in the canonical discourses, based on a search of the Sinhala SLTP tipitaka using the La Trobe University search engine (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927001234/http://www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au/dcd/pali.htm">"Pali Canon Online Database"</a>. La Trobe University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au/dcd/pali.htm">the original</a> on 2007-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pali+Canon+Online+Database&rft.pub=La+Trobe+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au%2Fdcd%2Fpali.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span>), the term <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhipakkhiyā dhammā</i></span> (and its variant spellings and declensions) was found in following nine discourses in the <a href="/wiki/Sutta_Pitaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutta Pitaka">Sutta Pitaka</a>: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Digha_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Digha Nikaya">DN</a> 27 (<i>Aggañña Sutta</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%81yutta_Nik%C4%81ya" class="mw-redirect" title="Saṁyutta Nikāya">SN</a> 48.51 (<i>Sālā Sutta</i>)</li> <li>SN 48.55 (<i>Sāra Sutta</i>)</li> <li>SN 48.67 (<i>Rukkha Sutta</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguttara_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Anguttara Nikaya">AN</a> 5.56 (<i>Upajjhāya Sutta</i>)</li> <li>AN 6.17 (<i>Kusala Sutta</i> or <i>Soppa Sutta</i>)</li> <li>AN 9.1 (<i>Sambodhipakkhiya Sutta</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itivuttaka" title="Itivuttaka">Iti</a>. 82 (<i>Devasadda Sutta</i>)</li> <li>Iti. 97 (<i>Kalyāṇasīla Sutta</i>)</li></ol> The <a href="/wiki/Digha_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Digha Nikaya">Digha Nikaya</a> (DN 27) and <a href="/wiki/Itivuttaka" title="Itivuttaka">Itivuttaka</a> (Iti., 82, 97) discourses each refer to "seven" (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">satta</i></span>) factors of enlightenment. In his translation of DN 27, Walshe (1995, pp. 415 para. 30, 605 <i>n</i>. 854) interprets the "seven" to refer to the seven enlightenment factors (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">satta bojjhaṅgā</i></span>) described in the <a href="/wiki/Mahasatipatthana_Sutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahasatipatthana Sutta">Mahasatipatthana Sutta</a> (DN 22). Conversely, in their translations of the <a href="/wiki/Itivuttaka" title="Itivuttaka">Itivuttaka</a> discourses, Ireland (1997) and Thanissaro (2001) interpret the "seven" as referring to the "seven groups of" or "seven [sets of]" factors of enlightenment, respectively. None of these three discourses themselves explicitly identifies which seven factors or sets of factors are being referenced. Moreover, the <a href="/wiki/Anguttara_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Anguttara Nikaya">Anguttara Nikaya</a> (AN 5.56, 6.17, 9.1) discourses neither numerically quantify nor elaborate upon the terms <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhipakkhiyānaṃ dhammānaṃ</i></span> <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhapakkhiyānaṃ dhammānaṃ</i></span> or <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">sambodhipakkhiyānaṃ ... dhammānaṃ</i></span> (respectively). Uniquely, in the three discourses from the <a href="/wiki/Samyutta_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Samyutta Nikaya">Samyutta Nikaya</a> (48.51, 48.55, 48.57), all three explicitly associate the term <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhipakkhiyā dhammā</i></span> (and variant spellings) solely with the five faculties (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Indriya" title="Indriya">indriya</a></i></span>) of faith, energy, mindfulness, concentration, and wisdom (Bodhi, 2000, p. 1695). Perhaps summing up the vagueness and apparent inconsistencies in these identified discourses and their translations, in an end note to the <i>Sālā Sutta</i> (<a href="/wiki/Samyutta_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Samyutta Nikaya">SN</a> 48.51) Bodhi (2000, p. 1937 <i>n</i>. 235) comments: "In the commentaries <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhipakkhiyā dhammā</i></span> is the umbrella term for the seven sets of training factors repeatedly taught by the Buddha, but in the suttas the expression has a more flexible, less technical meaning." Bodhi then refers to Gethin (1992), pp. 289–98, for further discussion.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVen._Walpola_Sri_Rahula1981" class="citation conference cs1">Ven. Walpola Sri Rahula (December 1–7, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dhammikaweb.com/?p=7779">"One Vehicle for Peace"</a>. <i>Proceedings: Third International Congress World Buddhist Sangha Council</i>. Third International Congress World Buddhist Sangha Council. Taiwan. pp. 32–35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=One+Vehicle+for+Peace&rft.btitle=Proceedings%3A+Third+International+Congress+World+Buddhist+Sangha+Council&rft.place=Taiwan&rft.pages=32-35&rft.date=1981-12-01%2F1981-12-07&rft.au=Ven.+Walpola+Sri+Rahula&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhammikaweb.com%2F%3Fp%3D7779&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nyanaponika & Bodhi (1999), pp. 192–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For instance, these thirty-seven qualities are enumerated in <a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%81yutta_Nik%C4%81ya" class="mw-redirect" title="Saṁyutta Nikāya">SN</a> 43.12 "The Unconditioned" (Bodhi, 2000, pp. 1374–78), where each quality is deemed "the path leading to the unconditioned" (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">asaṅkhatagāmī maggo</i></span>), which is in turn defined as the destruction of lust, hatred and delusion (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">rāgakkhayo dosakkhayo mohakkhayo</i></span>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cgdkb2h8Pg8C&dq=smrtyupasthana&pg=PA11">Sarvāstivāda Buddhist scholasticism, Part 2, Volume 11</a>, by Charles Willemen, Bart Dessein, Collett Cox Brill Academic Publishers: 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-10231-0" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-10231-0">90-04-10231-0</a> pg 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThanissaro_Bhikkhu2011" class="citation web cs1">Thanissaro Bhikkhu (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/wings/index.html">"Wings to Awakening: An Anthology from the Pali Canon"</a>. <i>Access to Insight</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Access+to+Insight&rft.atitle=Wings+to+Awakening%3A+An+Anthology+from+the+Pali+Canon&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Thanissaro+Bhikkhu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.accesstoinsight.org%2Flib%2Fauthors%2Fthanissaro%2Fwings%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-salomon2018-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-salomon2018_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-salomon2018_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-salomon2018_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalomon2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_G._Salomon_(professor_of_Asian_studies)" title="Richard G. Salomon (professor of Asian studies)">Salomon, Richard</a> (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=phk8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA135"><i>The Buddhist Literature of Ancient Gandhara</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Wisdom_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisdom Publications">Wisdom Publications</a>. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61429-168-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61429-168-8"><bdi>978-1-61429-168-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Buddhist+Literature+of+Ancient+Gandhara&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=Wisdom+Publications&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-61429-168-8&rft.aulast=Salomon&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dphk8DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a survey of references to these qualities, see, for instance, Rhys Davids & Stede (1921–25), p. 491, entries on "<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodha</i></span>", and on "<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhi</i></span>". Bodhi (2000), pp. 1485–86, notes: <dl><dd>"In the Buddhist exegetical tradition, beginning very soon after the age of the canon, these seven sets are known as the thirty-seven aids to enlightenment (<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">sattatiṃsa bodhipakkhiyā dhammā</i></span>). Although this term is not used in the Nikāyas themselves as a collective appellation for the seven sets, the sets themselves frequently appear in the Nikāyas as a compendium of the practice leading to enlightenment."</dd></dl> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vajra & Story (1998).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ñāṇamoli & Bodhi (2001), "The Greater Discourse to Sakuludāyin" (<i>Mahāsakuludāyi Sutta</i>, <a href="/wiki/Majjhima_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Majjhima Nikaya">MN</a> 77), pp. 629–647, 1284 <i>n</i>. 762; Upalavanna (n.d.-a); and, SLTP, n.d.-b</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In MN 77, in addition to the seven sets of 37 qualities conducive to Enlightenment, the Buddha further identified his teaching of various meditative accomplishments (such as the <a href="/wiki/Jhana" class="mw-redirect" title="Jhana">jhanas</a>) and his achieving <a href="/wiki/Abhijna" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhijna">higher knowledge</a> (such as recollecting past lives) as contributing to his disciples' veneration. Note that the phrase, "ways to develop wholesome states," is not actually in the original Pali sutta itself but is a square-bracketed sectional title inserted by Ñāṇamoli & Bodhi (2001) to demarcate the fifth quality set that the Buddha self identifies as the basis for his disciples' veneration.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bodhi (2000), chs. 45-51, pp.–1523–1749. The number of discourses identified here is based on Bodhi (2000) — which includes 894 separate discourses — but the actual number of discourses varies depending on which edition of the <i>Samyutta Nikaya</i> one is referencing.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Upalavanna (n.d.-b), <a href="/wiki/Anguttara_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Anguttara Nikaya">AN</a> 5.6.6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thanissaro (2001), Iti. 82 is at available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/iti/iti.3.050-099.than.html#iti-082">https://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/iti/iti.3.050-099.than.html#iti-082</a> (retrieved 2007-05-22).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">SLTP (n.d.-c), stanza 900 in Pali: "<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">Tassa dhamma ime honti kusalā bodhipakkhikā, Anāsavo ca so hoti iti vuttaṃ mahesinā.</i></span>" This is part of the stanzas ascribed to <a href="/wiki/Anuruddha" title="Anuruddha">Anuruddha</a>. Norman (1997), p. 90, translates the Pali as: "His characteristics are good, conducive to enlightenment, and he is without <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn"><a href="/wiki/%C4%80savas" class="mw-redirect" title="Āsavas">āsavas</a></i></span> [mental intoxicants]; so it is said by the great seer."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rhys Davids & Stede (1921–25), <i>op. cit</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">SLTP (n.d.-a), §§ 571, 584 (PTS pages 244, 249). Rhys Davids & Stede (1921–25), p. 491, entry for "<span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhi</i></span>," states that the <span title="Pali-language romanization"><i lang="pi-Latn">bodhipakkhiyā dhammā</i></span> are "mentioned at many other passages of the Abhidhamma."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buddhaghosa & Ñāṇamoli (1999), pp. 702–705. Note that, whereas the Visuddhimagga orders the five redundant qualities listed in the table in order of ascending frequency among the seven sets (that is, from faith which appears twice among the seven sets to energy which appears nine times), the table below orders them in a manner consistent with the <a href="/wiki/Indriya" title="Indriya">Five Faculties</a> and <a href="/wiki/Five_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Powers">Five Powers</a> (from faith to understanding) to facilitate reader comprehension as there is potentially a developmental facet to this classical ordering.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rhys Davids & Stede (1921–25), <i>op. cit.</i></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBodhi2000" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu_Bodhi" title="Bhikkhu Bodhi">Bodhi, Bhikkhu</a> (2000), <i>The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya</i>, <a href="/wiki/Wisdom_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisdom Publications">Wisdom Publications</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86171-331-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-86171-331-1"><bdi>0-86171-331-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Connected+Discourses+of+the+Buddha%3A+A+Translation+of+the+Samyutta+Nikaya&rft.pub=Wisdom+Publications&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-86171-331-1&rft.aulast=Bodhi&rft.aufirst=Bhikkhu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhaghosa" title="Buddhaghosa">Buddhaghosa</a>, Bhadantacariya & Bhikkhu <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Ñāṇamoli</i></span> (trans.) (1999). <i>The Path of Purification: Visuddhimagga</i>. Seattle: <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Publication_Society" title="Buddhist Publication Society">BPS</a> Pariyatti Editions. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-928706-00-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-928706-00-2">1-928706-00-2</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGethin2001" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Gethin" title="Rupert Gethin">Gethin, R.M.L.</a> (2001), <i>The Buddhist Path to Awakening: A Study of the Bodhi-Pakkhiyā Dhammā</i>, Oneworld Publishers, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1851682850" title="Special:BookSources/978-1851682850"><bdi>978-1851682850</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Buddhist+Path+to+Awakening%3A+A+Study+of+the+Bodhi-Pakkhiy%C4%81+Dhamm%C4%81&rft.pub=Oneworld+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1851682850&rft.aulast=Gethin&rft.aufirst=R.M.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span> (Cited in Bodhi, 2000, p. 1937 <i>n</i>. 235.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIreland1997" class="citation cs2">Ireland, John D. (1997), <i>The Udāna & the Itivuttaka</i>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Publication_Society" title="Buddhist Publication Society">Buddhist Publication Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/955-24-0164-X" title="Special:BookSources/955-24-0164-X"><bdi>955-24-0164-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ud%C4%81na+%26+the+Itivuttaka&rft.pub=Buddhist+Publication+Society&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=955-24-0164-X&rft.aulast=Ireland&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhikkhuBodhi2001" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Nanamoli_Bhikkhu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanamoli Bhikkhu">Bhikkhu, Nanamoli</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu_Bodhi" title="Bhikkhu Bodhi">Bodhi, Bhikkhu</a> (2001), <i>The Middle-Length Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Majjhima Nikāya</i>, <a href="/wiki/Wisdom_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisdom Publications">Wisdom Publications</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86171-072-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-86171-072-X"><bdi>0-86171-072-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Middle-Length+Discourses+of+the+Buddha%3A+A+Translation+of+the+Majjhima+Nik%C4%81ya&rft.pub=Wisdom+Publications&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-86171-072-X&rft.aulast=Bhikkhu&rft.aufirst=Nanamoli&rft.au=Bodhi%2C+Bhikkhu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman1997" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/K._R._Norman" title="K. R. Norman">Norman, K.R.</a> (1997), <i>Poems of Early Buddhist Monks (Theragāthā)</i>, <a href="/wiki/Pali_Text_Society" title="Pali Text Society">Pali Text Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86013-339-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-86013-339-7"><bdi>0-86013-339-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poems+of+Early+Buddhist+Monks+%28Therag%C4%81th%C4%81%29&rft.pub=Pali+Text+Society&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-86013-339-7&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=K.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheraBodhi1999" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Nyanaponika_Thera" title="Nyanaponika Thera">Thera, Nyanaponika</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu_Bodhi" title="Bhikkhu Bodhi">Bodhi, Bhikkhu</a> (1999), <i>Numerical Discourses of the Buddha: An Anthology of Suttas from the Anguttara Nikaya</i>, Altamira Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7425-0405-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7425-0405-0"><bdi>0-7425-0405-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Numerical+Discourses+of+the+Buddha%3A+An+Anthology+of+Suttas+from+the+Anguttara+Nikaya&rft.pub=Altamira+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-7425-0405-0&rft.aulast=Thera&rft.aufirst=Nyanaponika&rft.au=Bodhi%2C+Bhikkhu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRahula2003" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Walpola_Rahula" class="mw-redirect" title="Walpola Rahula">Rahula, Walpola</a> (2003), <i>The Heritage of the Bhikkhu</i>, <a href="/wiki/Grove_Press" title="Grove Press">Grove Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8021-4023-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8021-4023-8"><bdi>0-8021-4023-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Heritage+of+the+Bhikkhu&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-8021-4023-8&rft.aulast=Rahula&rft.aufirst=Walpola&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span> Cited on <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.serve.com/cmtan/buddhism/Misc/unify.html">http://www.serve.com/cmtan/buddhism/Misc/unify.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141104194240/https://www.serve.com/cmtan/buddhism/Misc/unify.html">Archived</a> 2014-11-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; retrieved on 2007-05-22 .</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhys_DavidsStede1921" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/T._W._Rhys_Davids" class="mw-redirect" title="T. W. Rhys Davids">Rhys Davids, T.W.</a>; Stede, William (1921), <i>The Pali Text Society's Pali–English Dictionary</i>, <a href="/wiki/Pali_Text_Society" title="Pali Text Society">Pali Text Society</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pali+Text+Society%27s+Pali%E2%80%93English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Pali+Text+Society&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Rhys+Davids&rft.aufirst=T.W.&rft.au=Stede%2C+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span> A general on-line search engine for the PED is available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/">http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/</a>.</li> <li>Sri Lanka Tripitaka Project (SLTP) (n.d.-a). <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Jhānavibhaṅgo</i></span></i> (<a href="/wiki/Vibhanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Vibhanga">Vbh.</a> ch. 12, in <a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pali</a>). Retrieved on 2007-05-24 from "METTANET - LANKA" at: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060109215754/http://www.metta.lk/tipitaka/3Abhidhamma-Pitaka/2-Vibhanga/12-jhanavibhanga-p.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20060109215754/http://www.metta.lk/tipitaka/3Abhidhamma-Pitaka/2-Vibhanga/12-jhanavibhanga-p.htm</a>.</li> <li>Sri Lanka Tripitaka Project (SLTP) (n.d.-b). <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Mahā-sakuludāyisuttaṃ</i></span></i> (<a href="/wiki/Majjhima_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Majjhima Nikaya">MN</a> 77, in <a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pali</a>). Retrieved on 2007-05-22 from "METTANET - LANKA" at: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160322070126/http://metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/2Majjhima-Nikaya/Majjhima2/077-mahasakuludayi-p.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20160322070126/http://metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/2Majjhima-Nikaya/Majjhima2/077-mahasakuludayi-p.html</a>.</li> <li>Sri Lanka Tripitaka Project (SLTP) (n.d.-c). <i>Vīsati-nipāto</i> (<a href="/wiki/Theragatha" title="Theragatha">Th</a> ch. 20, gathas 705-948, in <a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pali</a>). Retrieved on 2007-05-24 from "METTANET - LANKA" at: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101125073300/http://metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/5Khuddaka-Nikaya/08Theragatha/20-Satti-nipatha-p.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20101125073300/http://metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/5Khuddaka-Nikaya/08Theragatha/20-Satti-nipatha-p.html</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhikkhu2001" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Thanissaro_Bhikkhu" class="mw-redirect" title="Thanissaro Bhikkhu">Bhikkhu, Thanissaro</a> (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/iti/iti.3.050-099.than.html"><i>The Group of Threes (Itivuttaka 50-99)</i></a>, Access to Insight<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-21</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Group+of+Threes+%28Itivuttaka+50-99%29&rft.pub=Access+to+Insight&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Bhikkhu&rft.aufirst=Thanissaro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accesstoinsight.org%2Ftipitaka%2Fkn%2Fiti%2Fiti.3.050-099.than.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUpalavanna" class="citation cs2">Upalavanna, Sister (trans.) (n.d.-a), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160322202114/http://metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/2Majjhima-Nikaya/Majjhima2/077-mahasakuludayi-e1.html"><i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Mahā-sakuludāyisuttaṃ</i></span>: Advice to the wandering Ascetic Sakuludayi (MN 77)</i></a>, METTANET - LANKA, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/2Majjhima-Nikaya/Majjhima2/077-mahasakuludayi-e1.html">the original</a> on 2016-03-22<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-22</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+title%3D%22International+Alphabet+of+Sanskrit+transliteration%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22sa-Latn%22%3EMah%C4%81-sakulud%C4%81yisutta%E1%B9%83%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3A+Advice+to+the+wandering+Ascetic+Sakuludayi+%28MN+77%29&rft.pub=METTANET+-+LANKA&rft.aulast=Upalavanna&rft.aufirst=Sister+%28trans.%29+%28n.d.-a%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetta.lk%2Ftipitaka%2F2Sutta-Pitaka%2F2Majjhima-Nikaya%2FMajjhima2%2F077-mahasakuludayi-e1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUpalavanna" class="citation cs2">Upalavanna, Sister (trans.) (n.d.-a), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/4Anguttara-Nikaya/Anguttara3/5-pancakanipata/006-nivaranavaggo-e.html"><i>Nīvaranavaggo – On obstacles (AN 5.6)</i></a>, METTANET - LANKA<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-23</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=N%C4%ABvaranavaggo+%26ndash%3B+On+obstacles+%28AN+5.6%29&rft.pub=METTANET+-+LANKA&rft.aulast=Upalavanna&rft.aufirst=Sister+%28trans.%29+%28n.d.-a%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metta.lk%2Ftipitaka%2F2Sutta-Pitaka%2F4Anguttara-Nikaya%2FAnguttara3%2F5-pancakanipata%2F006-nivaranavaggo-e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVajiraStory1998" class="citation cs2">Vajira, Sister; Story, Francis (1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/dn/dn.16.1-6.vaji.html"><i>Maha-parinibbana Sutta: Last Days of the Buddha (DN 10)</i></a>, Access to Insight<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-26</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maha-parinibbana+Sutta%3A+Last+Days+of+the+Buddha+%28DN+10%29&rft.pub=Access+to+Insight&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Vajira&rft.aufirst=Sister&rft.au=Story%2C+Francis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accesstoinsight.org%2Ftipitaka%2Fdn%2Fdn.16.1-6.vaji.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalshe1995" class="citation cs2">Walshe, Maurice (1995), <i>The Long Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Dīgha Nikāya</i>, <a href="/wiki/Wisdom_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisdom Publications">Wisdom Publications</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86171-103-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-86171-103-3"><bdi>0-86171-103-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Long+Discourses+of+the+Buddha%3A+A+Translation+of+the+D%C4%ABgha+Nik%C4%81ya&rft.pub=Wisdom+Publications&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-86171-103-3&rft.aulast=Walshe&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGethin2001" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Gethin" title="Rupert Gethin">Gethin, R.M.L.</a> (2001), <i>The Buddhist Path to Awakening: A Study of the Bodhi-Pakkhiyā Dhammā</i>, Oneworld Publishers, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1851682850" title="Special:BookSources/978-1851682850"><bdi>978-1851682850</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Buddhist+Path+to+Awakening%3A+A+Study+of+the+Bodhi-Pakkhiy%C4%81+Dhamm%C4%81&rft.pub=Oneworld+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1851682850&rft.aulast=Gethin&rft.aufirst=R.M.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSayadaw1904" class="citation book cs1">Sayadaw, Ledi (1904). <i>The Requisites of Enlightenment: A Manual by the Venerable Ledi Sayadaw</i>. BPS Pariyatti Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68172-341-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68172-341-9"><bdi>978-1-68172-341-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Requisites+of+Enlightenment%3A+A+Manual+by+the+Venerable+Ledi+Sayadaw&rft.pub=BPS+Pariyatti+Editions&rft.date=1904&rft.isbn=978-1-68172-341-9&rft.aulast=Sayadaw&rft.aufirst=Ledi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081020141018/http://buddhism.2be.net/Seven_Sets">Buddhist Encyclopedia (n.d.). <i>Seven Sets</i>. </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/wings/index.html"><i>Wings to Awakening: An Anthology from the Pali Canon</i></a>. by <a href="/wiki/Thanissaro_Bhikkhu" class="mw-redirect" title="Thanissaro Bhikkhu">Thanissaro Bhikkhu</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dharmachakra" title="Dharmachakra"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Buddhism_Symbol.png/25px-Buddhism_Symbol.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Buddhism_Symbol.png/38px-Buddhism_Symbol.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Buddhism_Symbol.png/50px-Buddhism_Symbol.png 2x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="278" /></a></span>   Topics in <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>   <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_flag" title="Buddhist flag"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Buddhism.svg/25px-Flag_of_Buddhism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Buddhism.svg/38px-Flag_of_Buddhism.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Index_of_Buddhism-related_articles" title="Index of Buddhism-related articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Buddhism" title="Outline of Buddhism">Foundations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths" title="Four Noble Truths">Four Noble Truths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_in_Buddhism" title="Refuge in Buddhism">Three Jewels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangha" title="Sangha">Sangha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Noble Eightfold Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">Nirvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Way" title="Middle Way">Middle Way</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">The Buddha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tath%C4%81gata" title="Tathāgata">Tathāgata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha%27s_Birthday" title="Buddha's Birthday">Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_sights" title="Four sights">Four sights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eight_Great_Events_in_the_Life_of_Buddha" title="The Eight Great Events in the Life of Buddha">Eight Great Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Renunciation" title="Great Renunciation">Great Renunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_characteristics_of_the_Buddha" title="Physical characteristics of the Buddha">Physical characteristics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Buddha_in_art" title="Life of Buddha in art">Life of Buddha in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_footprint" title="Buddha footprint">Footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Buddha" title="Relics associated with Buddha">Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconography_of_Gautama_Buddha_in_Laos_and_Thailand" title="Iconography of Gautama Buddha in Laos and Thailand">Iconography in Laos and Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depictions_of_Gautama_Buddha_in_film" title="Depictions of Gautama Buddha in film">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Miracles of Gautama Buddha">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Family of Gautama Buddha">Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Auddhodana" title="Śuddhodana">Suddhodāna <small>(father)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(mother_of_the_Buddha)" title="Maya (mother of the Buddha)">Māyā <small>(mother)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahapajapati_Gotami" title="Mahapajapati Gotami">Mahapajapati Gotamī<small> (aunt, adoptive mother)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Bodhar%C4%81" title="Yaśodharā">Yaśodharā <small>(wife)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81hula" title="Rāhula">Rāhula <small>(son)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda" title="Ānanda">Ānanda <small>(cousin)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devadatta" title="Devadatta">Devadatta <small>(cousin)</small></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_where_Gautama_Buddha_stayed" title="List of places where Gautama Buddha stayed">Places where the Buddha stayed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_world_religions" title="Gautama Buddha in world religions">Buddha in world religions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattvas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalokite%C5%9Bvara" title="Avalokiteśvara">Avalokiteśvara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guanyin" title="Guanyin">Guanyin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjushri" title="Manjushri">Mañjuśrī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasthamaprapta" title="Mahasthamaprapta">Mahāsthāmaprāpta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80k%C4%81%C5%9Bagarbha" title="Ākāśagarbha">Ākāśagarbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E1%B9%A3itigarbha" title="Kṣitigarbha">Kṣitigarbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantabhadra_(Bodhisattva)" title="Samantabhadra (Bodhisattva)">Samantabhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrapani" title="Vajrapani">Vajrapāṇi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanda_(Buddhism)" title="Skanda (Buddhism)">Skanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_(Buddhism)" title="Tara (Buddhism)">Tārā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Metteyya/Maitreya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Disciples_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Category:Disciples of Gautama Buddha">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaundinya" title="Kaundinya">Kaundinya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assaji" title="Assaji">Assaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81riputra" title="Śāriputra">Sāriputta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maudgalyayana" title="Maudgalyayana">Mahamoggallāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda" title="Ānanda">Ānanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81k%C4%81%C5%9Byapa" title="Mahākāśyapa">Mahākassapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%E1%B9%85gulim%C4%81la" title="Aṅgulimāla">Aṅgulimāla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuruddha" title="Anuruddha">Anuruddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katyayana_(Buddhist)" title="Katyayana (Buddhist)">Mahākaccana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_(half-brother_of_Buddha)" title="Nanda (half-brother of Buddha)">Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subh%C5%ABti" title="Subhūti">Subhūti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%E1%B9%87%E1%B9%87a_Mant%C4%81n%C4%ABputta" title="Puṇṇa Mantānīputta">Puṇṇa Mantānīputta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up%C4%81li" title="Upāli">Upāli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahapajapati_Gotami" title="Mahapajapati Gotami">Mahapajapati Gotamī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema" title="Khema">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppalavanna" title="Uppalavanna">Uppalavanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asita" title="Asita">Asita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channa_(Buddhist)" title="Channa (Buddhist)">Channa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasa" title="Yasa">Yasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Buddhism" title="Glossary of Buddhism">Key concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avidy%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Avidyā (Buddhism)">Avidyā (Ignorance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardo" title="Bardo">Bardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhicitta" title="Bodhicitta">Bodhicitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha-nature" title="Buddha-nature">Buddha-nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhamma_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhamma theory">Dhamma theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_hindrances" title="Five hindrances">Five hindrances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indriya" title="Indriya">Indriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_in_Buddhism" title="Karma in Buddhism">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleshas_(Buddhism)" title="Kleshas (Buddhism)">Kleshas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_factors_(Buddhism)" title="Mental factors (Buddhism)">Mental factors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindstream" title="Mindstream">Mindstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parinirvana" title="Parinirvana">Parinirvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prat%C4%ABtyasamutp%C4%81da" title="Pratītyasamutpāda">Pratītyasamutpāda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebirth_(Buddhism)" title="Rebirth (Buddhism)">Rebirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra_(Buddhism)" title="Saṃsāra (Buddhism)">Saṃsāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%85kh%C4%81ra" title="Saṅkhāra">Saṅkhāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skandha" title="Skandha">Skandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81" title="Śūnyatā">Śūnyatā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%E1%B9%87h%C4%81" title="Taṇhā">Taṇhā (Craving)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tath%C4%81t%C4%81" title="Tathātā">Tathātā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetter_(Buddhism)" title="Fetter (Buddhism)">Ten Fetters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_marks_of_existence" title="Three marks of existence">Three marks of existence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impermanence_(Buddhism)" title="Impermanence (Buddhism)">Anicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du%E1%B8%A5kha" title="Duḥkha">Dukkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatt%C4%81" title="Anattā">Anattā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_truths_doctrine" title="Two truths doctrine">Two truths doctrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cosmology" title="Buddhist cosmology">Cosmology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten_realms" title="Ten realms">Ten spiritual realms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Paths" title="Six Paths">Six Paths</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Buddhism)" title="Deva (Buddhism)">Deva realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_beings_in_Buddhism" title="Human beings in Buddhism">Human realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asura_(Buddhism)" title="Asura (Buddhism)">Asura realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preta" title="Preta">Hungry Ghost realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_Buddhism" title="Animals in Buddhism">Animal realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naraka_(Buddhism)" title="Naraka (Buddhism)">Naraka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailokya" title="Trailokya">Three planes of existence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism" title="Schools of Buddhism">Branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chinese Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Zen" title="Japanese Zen">Japanese Zen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Seon" title="Korean Seon">Korean Seon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%81n" title="Thiền">Vietnamese Thiền</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Pure Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiantai" title="Tiantai">Tiantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayan" title="Huayan">Huayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rissh%C5%AB_(Buddhism)" title="Risshū (Buddhism)">Risshū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhyamaka" title="Madhyamaka">Madhyamaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogachara" title="Yogachara">Yogachara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Esoteric_Buddhism" title="Chinese Esoteric Buddhism">Chinese Esoteric Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingon_Buddhism" title="Shingon Buddhism">Shingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzogchen" title="Dzogchen">Dzogchen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navayana" title="Navayana">Navayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Buddhist_schools" title="Early Buddhist schools">Early Buddhist schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-sectarian_Buddhism" title="Pre-sectarian Buddhism">Pre-sectarian Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_points_unifying_Therav%C4%81da_and_Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" title="Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna">Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern,_Eastern_and_Northern_Buddhism" title="Southern, Eastern and Northern Buddhism">Southern, Eastern and Northern Buddhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhist_practices" title="Category:Buddhist practices">Practices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhavana" title="Bhavana">Bhavana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bodhipakkhiyādhammā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmavihara" title="Brahmavihara">Brahmavihara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maitr%C4%AB" title="Maitrī">Mettā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karu%E1%B9%87%C4%81" title="Karuṇā">Karuṇā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudita" title="Mudita">Mudita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upek%E1%B9%A3%C4%81" title="Upekṣā">Upekkha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddh%C4%81bhi%E1%B9%A3eka" title="Buddhābhiṣeka">Buddhābhiṣeka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_devotion" title="Buddhist devotion">Devotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deity_yoga" title="Deity yoga">Deity yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Buddhism" title="Dhyana in Buddhism">Dhyāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Buddhism" title="Faith in Buddhism">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Strengths" title="Five Strengths">Five Strengths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iddhipada" title="Iddhipada">Iddhipada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_meditation" title="Buddhist meditation">Meditation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mantra#Buddhism" title="Mantra">Mantras</a></li> <li><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kamma%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81na" title="Kammaṭṭhāna">Kammaṭṭhāna</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anussati" title="Anussati">Recollection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simran" title="Simran">Smarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapanasati" title="Anapanasati">Anapanasati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samatha-vipassan%C4%81" title="Samatha-vipassanā">Samatha-vipassanā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vipassana_movement" title="Vipassana movement">Vipassana movement</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikantaza" title="Shikantaza">Shikantaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazen" title="Zazen">Zazen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukdam" title="Tukdam">Tukdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koan" title="Koan">Koan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganana" title="Ganana">Ganana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala" title="Mandala">Mandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonglen" title="Tonglen">Tonglen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tert%C3%B6n" title="Tertön">Tertön</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terma_(religion)" title="Terma (religion)">Terma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merit_(Buddhism)" title="Merit (Buddhism)">Merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindfulness" title="Mindfulness">Mindfulness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mindful_Yoga" title="Mindful Yoga">Mindful Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satipatthana" title="Satipatthana">Satipatthana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekkhamma" title="Nekkhamma">Nekkhamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nianfo" title="Nianfo">Nianfo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ramit%C4%81" title="Pāramitā">Pāramitā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paritta" title="Paritta">Paritta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_devotion" title="Buddhist devotion">Puja</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Offering_(Buddhism)" title="Offering (Buddhism)">Offerings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostration_(Buddhism)" title="Prostration (Buddhism)">Prostration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_music" title="Buddhist music">Music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_in_Buddhism" title="Refuge in Buddhism">Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81dhu_(Pali_word)" title="Sādhu (Pali word)">Sādhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacca" title="Sacca">Sacca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Factors_of_Awakening" title="Seven Factors of Awakening">Seven Factors of Enlightenment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Buddhism)" title="Sati (Buddhism)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhamma_vicaya" title="Dhamma vicaya">Dhamma vicaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%ABti" title="Pīti">Pīti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passaddhi" title="Passaddhi">Passaddhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Śīla</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_precepts" title="Five precepts">Five precepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_precepts" title="Eight precepts">Eight precepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva_vow" title="Bodhisattva vow">Bodhisattva vow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratimok%E1%B9%A3a" title="Pratimokṣa">Pratimokṣa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threefold_Training" title="Threefold Training">Threefold Training</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Śīla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samadhi" title="Samadhi">Samadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Prajñā (Buddhism)">Prajñā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%ABrya" title="Vīrya">Vīrya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Right_Exertions" title="Four Right Exertions">Four Right Exertions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-two_vows_of_Ambedkar" title="Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar">Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">Nirvana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">Bodhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhahood" title="Buddhahood">Buddhahood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyekabuddhay%C4%81na" title="Pratyekabuddhayāna">Pratyekabuddhayāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_stages_of_awakening" title="Four stages of awakening">Four stages of awakening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sot%C4%81panna" title="Sotāpanna">Sotāpanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakadagami" title="Sakadagami">Sakadagami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C4%81g%C4%81mi" title="Anāgāmi">Anāgāmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat">Arhat</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism" title="Buddhist monasticism">Monasticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu" title="Bhikkhu">Bhikkhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhikkhun%C4%AB" title="Bhikkhunī">Bhikkhunī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanera" title="Samanera">Śrāmaṇera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanera" title="Samanera">Śrāmaṇerī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anag%C4%81rika" title="Anagārika">Anagārika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn" title="Ajahn">Ajahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayadaw" title="Sayadaw">Sayadaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_master" title="Zen master">Zen master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dshi" title="Rōshi">Rōshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lama" title="Lama">Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinpoche" title="Rinpoche">Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geshe" title="Geshe">Geshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulku" title="Tulku">Tulku</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_tulku" title="Western tulku">Western tulku</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappiya" title="Kappiya">Kappiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donchee" title="Donchee">Donchee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Householder_(Buddhism)" title="Householder (Buddhism)">Householder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up%C4%81saka_and_Up%C4%81sik%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Upāsaka and Upāsikā">Upāsaka and Upāsikā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achar_(Buddhism)" title="Achar (Buddhism)">Achar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ar%C4%81vaka" title="Śrāvaka">Śrāvaka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten_principal_disciples" title="Ten principal disciples">Ten principal disciples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Monastery" title="Shaolin Monastery">Shaolin Monastery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhists" title="List of Buddhists">Major figures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">The Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagasena" title="Nagasena">Nagasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Bvagho%E1%B9%A3a" title="Aśvaghoṣa">Aśvaghoṣa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagarjuna" title="Nagarjuna">Nagarjuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asanga" title="Asanga">Asanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasubandhu" title="Vasubandhu">Vasubandhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81raj%C4%ABva" title="Kumārajīva">Kumārajīva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhaghosa" title="Buddhaghosa">Buddhaghosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhap%C4%81lita" title="Buddhapālita">Buddhapālita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dign%C4%81ga" title="Dignāga">Dignāga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhidharma" title="Bodhidharma">Bodhidharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhiyi" title="Zhiyi">Zhiyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wen_of_Sui" title="Emperor Wen of Sui">Emperor Wen of Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songtsen_Gampo" title="Songtsen Gampo">Songtsen Gampo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandao" title="Shandao">Shandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmasambhava" title="Padmasambhava">Padmasambhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraha" title="Saraha">Saraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ati%C5%9Ba" title="Atiśa">Atiśa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naropa" title="Naropa">Naropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmapa" title="Karmapa">Karmapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dnen" title="Hōnen">Hōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinran" title="Shinran">Shinran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen">Dōgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren" title="Nichiren">Nichiren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamarpa" title="Shamarpa">Shamarpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchen_Lama" title="Panchen Lama">Panchen Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn_Mun" title="Ajahn Mun">Ajahn Mun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn_Chah" title="Ajahn Chah">Ajahn Chah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_H%E1%BA%A1nh" title="Thích Nhất Hạnh">Thích Nhất Hạnh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_texts" title="Buddhist texts">Texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Buddhist_texts" title="Early Buddhist texts">Early Buddhist texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripi%E1%B9%ADaka" title="Tripiṭaka">Tripiṭaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana_sutras" title="Mahayana sutras">Mahayana sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pali_Canon" title="Pali Canon">Pali Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhist_canon" title="Chinese Buddhist canon">Chinese Buddhist canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_canon" title="Tibetan Buddhist canon">Tibetan Buddhist canon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhammapada" title="Dhammapada">Dhammapada</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinaya" title="Vinaya">Vinaya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madhyamak%C4%81la%E1%B9%83k%C4%81ra" title="Madhyamakālaṃkāra">Madhyamakālaṃkāra</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhidharmad%C4%ABpa" title="Abhidharmadīpa">Abhidharmadīpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_by_country" title="Buddhism by country">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Afghanistan" title="Buddhism in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bangladesh" title="Buddhism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bhutan" title="Buddhism in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Cambodia" title="Buddhism in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_China" title="Buddhism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_India" title="History of Buddhism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Indonesia" title="Buddhism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Buddhism" title="Korean Buddhism">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Laos" title="Buddhism in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Malaysia" title="Buddhism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Maldives" title="Buddhism in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mongolia" title="Buddhism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Myanmar" title="Buddhism in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Nepal" title="Buddhism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Pakistan" title="Buddhism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Philippines" title="Buddhism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Russia" title="Buddhism in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Buryatia" title="Buddhism in Buryatia">Buryatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Kalmykia" title="Buddhism in Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhism_in_Tuva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhism in Tuva (page does not exist)">Tuva</a> (<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Буддизм в Тыве">ru</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Singapore" title="Buddhism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Buddhism in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Taiwan" title="Buddhism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Thailand" title="Buddhism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Vietnam" title="Buddhism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Africa" title="Buddhism in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Senegal" title="Buddhism in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_South_Africa" title="Buddhism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Central_Asia" title="Buddhism in Central Asia">Central Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Uzbekistan" title="Buddhism in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Middle_East" title="Buddhism in the Middle East">Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Iran" title="Buddhism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Buddhism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_West" title="Buddhism in the West">Western countries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Argentina" title="Buddhism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Australia" title="Buddhism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Brazil" title="Buddhism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Canada" title="Buddhism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Buddhism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Buddhism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_France" title="Buddhism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Germany" title="Buddhism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Italy" title="Buddhism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mexico" title="Buddhism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_New_Zealand" title="Buddhism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Norway" title="Buddhism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Poland" title="Buddhism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Sweden" title="Buddhism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Switzerland" title="Buddhism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Ukraine" title="Buddhism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Buddhism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Venezuela" title="Buddhism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism" title="History of Buddhism">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Buddhism" title="Timeline of Buddhism">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanishka" title="Kanishka">Kanishka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_councils" title="Buddhist councils">Buddhist councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_India" title="History of Buddhism in India">History of Buddhism in India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decline_of_Buddhism_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent">Decline of Buddhism in India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huichang_persecution_of_Buddhism" title="Huichang persecution of Buddhism">Huichang persecution of Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhism" title="Greco-Buddhism">Greco-Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandharan_Buddhism" title="Gandharan Buddhism">Gandharan Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandh%C4%81ran_Buddhist_texts" title="Gandhāran Buddhist texts">Texts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menander_I" title="Menander I">Menander I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_the_Roman_world" title="Buddhism and the Roman world">Buddhism and the Roman world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_West" title="Buddhism in the West">Buddhism in the West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_transmission_of_Buddhism" title="Silk Road transmission of Buddhism">Silk Road transmission of Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Persecution of Buddhists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Afghanistan" title="Buddhism in Afghanistan">In Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_crisis" title="Buddhist crisis">In Vietnam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rim%C3%A9_movement" title="Rimé movement">Rimé movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banishment_of_Buddhist_monks_from_Nepal" title="Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal">Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalit_Buddhist_movement" title="Dalit Buddhist movement">Dalit Buddhist movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Tibet_by_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China">Chinese invasion of Tibet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising" title="1959 Tibetan uprising">1959 Tibetan uprising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_Buddhist_nationalism" title="Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism">Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vipassana_movement" title="Vipassana movement">Vipassana movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/969_Movement" title="969 Movement">969 Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engaged_Buddhism" title="Engaged Buddhism">Engaged Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Buddhism" title="Women in Buddhism">Women in Buddhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_philosophy" title="Buddhist philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhidharma" title="Abhidharma">Abhidharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_atomism" title="Buddhist atomism">Atomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_studies" title="Buddhist studies">Buddhology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creator_in_Buddhism" title="Creator in Buddhism">Creator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_democracy" title="Buddhism and democracy">Buddhism and democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_economics" title="Buddhist economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Consciousnesses" title="Eight Consciousnesses">Eight Consciousnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engaged_Buddhism" title="Engaged Buddhism">Engaged Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_eschatology" title="Buddhist eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhism and evolution">Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Buddhism" title="Humanistic Buddhism">Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_logico-epistemology" title="Buddhist logico-epistemology">Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_in_Buddhism" title="Reality in Buddhism">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Buddhism" title="Secular Buddhism">Secular Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_socialism" title="Buddhist socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_unanswerable_questions" title="The unanswerable questions">The unanswerable questions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Buddhism" title="Culture of Buddhism">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_architecture" title="Buddhist architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_temple" title="Buddhist temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vih%C4%81ra" title="Vihāra">Vihāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyaung" title="Kyaung">Kyaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wat" title="Wat">Wat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination_hall" title="Ordination hall">Ordination hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">Stupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">Pagoda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_pagoda" title="Burmese pagoda">Burmese pagoda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candi_of_Indonesia" title="Candi of Indonesia">Candi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzong_architecture" title="Dzong architecture">Dzong architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_architecture_in_China" title="List of Buddhist architecture in China">List of Buddhist architecture in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Buddhist_architecture" title="Japanese Buddhist architecture">Japanese Buddhist architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_temples_in_Korea" title="Buddhist temples in Korea">Buddhist temples in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_temple_art_and_architecture" title="Thai temple art and architecture">Thai temple art and architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_architecture" title="Tibetan Buddhist architecture">Tibetan Buddhist architecture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_art" title="Buddhist art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art" title="Greco-Buddhist art">Greco-Buddhist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhi_Tree" title="Bodhi Tree">Bodhi Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budai" title="Budai">Budai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_in_art" title="Buddha in art">Buddha in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine" title="Buddhist cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_funeral" title="Buddhist funeral">Funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_holidays" title="Buddhist holidays">Holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vesak" title="Vesak">Vesak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uposatha" title="Uposatha">Uposatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81gha_P%C5%ABj%C4%81" title="Māgha Pūjā">Māgha Pūjā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asalha_Puja" title="Asalha Puja">Asalha Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassa" title="Vassa">Vassa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaya_Sri_Maha_Bodhi" title="Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi">Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasaya_(clothing)" title="Kasaya (clothing)">Kasaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabodhi_Temple" title="Mahabodhi Temple">Mahabodhi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">Mantra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Om_mani_padme_hum" title="Om mani padme hum">Om mani padme hum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra">Mudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_music" title="Buddhist music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_pilgrimage_sites" title="Buddhist pilgrimage sites">Pilgrimage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini">Lumbini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Devi_Temple,_Lumbini" title="Maya Devi Temple, Lumbini">Maya Devi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnath" title="Sarnath">Sarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushinagar" title="Kushinagar">Kushinagar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_poetry" title="Buddhist poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japamala" title="Japamala">Prayer beads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_yumi" title="Hama yumi">Hama yumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_wheel" title="Prayer wheel">Prayer wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_symbolism" title="Buddhist symbolism">Symbolism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharmachakra" title="Dharmachakra">Dharmachakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_flag" title="Buddhist flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavacakra" title="Bhavacakra">Bhavacakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">Swastika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thangka" title="Thangka">Thangka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Tooth" title="Temple of the Tooth">Temple of the Tooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_vegetarianism" title="Buddhist vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Buddhism-related_articles" title="Index of Buddhism-related articles">Miscellaneous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhij%C3%B1%C4%81" title="Abhijñā">Abhijñā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amit%C4%81bha" title="Amitābha">Amitābha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahm%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Brahmā (Buddhism)">Brahmā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_talk" title="Dharma talk">Dharma talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinayana" title="Hinayana">Hinayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iddhi" title="Iddhi">Iddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(time)" title="Kalpa (time)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koliya" title="Koliya">Koliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineage_(Buddhism)" title="Lineage (Buddhism)">Lineage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_(demon)" title="Mara (demon)">Māra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhi" title="Siddhi">Siddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_language" title="Sacred language">Sacred languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pāḷi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Comparative_Buddhism" title="Category:Comparative Buddhism">Comparison</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_Buddhism" title="Baháʼí Faith and Buddhism">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Christianity" title="Buddhism and Christianity">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_influences_on_Christianity" title="Buddhist influences on Christianity">Influences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Buddhism_and_Christianity" title="Comparison of Buddhism and Christianity">Comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Eastern_religions" title="Buddhism and Eastern religions">East Asian religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Gnosticism" title="Buddhism and Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Hinduism" title="Buddhism and Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Jainism" title="Buddhism and Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Buddhist" title="Jewish Buddhist">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology" title="Buddhism and psychology">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_science" title="Buddhism and science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Theosophy" title="Buddhism and Theosophy">Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_violence" title="Buddhism and violence">Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Western_philosophy" title="Buddhism and Western philosophy">Western philosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhism-related_lists" title="Category:Buddhism-related lists">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bodhisattvas" title="List of bodhisattvas">Bodhisattvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Buddhas">Buddhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhists" title="List of Buddhists">Buddhists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_suttas" title="List of suttas">Suttas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_temples" title="List of Buddhist temples">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Buddhist festivals">Festivals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #FFD068;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhism" title="Category:Buddhism">Category</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/16px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/24px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/32px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="697" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Buddhism" title="Portal:Buddhism">Buddhism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Virtues" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Virtues" title="Template:Virtues"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Virtues" title="Template talk:Virtues"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Virtues" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Virtues"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Virtues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Virtue" title="Virtue">Virtues</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">About virtues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endowment_(philosophy)" title="Endowment (philosophy)">Endowment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_character" title="Moral character">Moral character</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nicomachean_Ethics" title="Nicomachean Ethics">Nicomachean Ethics</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_psychology" title="Positive psychology">Positive psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trait_theory" title="Trait theory">Trait theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_ethics" title="Virtue ethics">Virtue ethics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virtue families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bodhipakkhiyā dhammā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahmavihara" title="Brahmavihara">Brahmavihārās</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bushido" title="Bushido">Bushidō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Vices_and_Virtues" title="Catalogue of Vices and Virtues">Catalogue of Vices and Virtues</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emi_Omo_Eso" title="Emi Omo Eso">Emi Omo Eso</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistemic_virtue" title="Epistemic virtue">Epistemic virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_virtues" title="Five virtues">Five virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Cardinal_Principles_and_Eight_Virtues" title="Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues">Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelian_ethics#Intellectual_virtue" title="Aristotelian ethics">Intellectual virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelian_ethics#Moral_virtue" title="Aristotelian ethics">Moral virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Noble_Virtues" title="Nine Noble Virtues">Nine Noble Virtues</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omoluwabi" title="Omoluwabi">Omoluwabi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ramit%C4%81" title="Pāramitā">Pāramīs</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_virtues" title="Prussian virtues">Prussian virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_Law" title="Scout Law">Scout Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_virtues" title="Seven virtues">Seven virtues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_virtues" title="Cardinal virtues">Cardinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theological_virtues" title="Theological virtues">Theological</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teachings_of_the_Seven_Grandfathers" title="Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers">Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Treasures_(Taoism)" title="Three Treasures (Taoism)">Three Treasures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Values_in_Action_Inventory_of_Strengths" title="Values in Action Inventory of Strengths">Values in Action Inventory of Strengths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamas" title="Yamas">Yamas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individual virtues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accountability" title="Accountability">Accountability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alertness" title="Alertness">Alertness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altruism" title="Altruism">Altruism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authenticity_(philosophy)" title="Authenticity (philosophy)">Authenticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calmness" title="Calmness">Calmness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charisma" title="Charisma">Charisma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_(practice)" title="Charity (practice)">Charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chastity" title="Chastity">Chastity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">Chivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleanliness" title="Cleanliness">Cleanliness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion" title="Compassion">Compassion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientiousness" title="Conscientiousness">Conscientiousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courage" title="Courage">Courage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_courage" title="Civil courage">Civil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_courage" title="Moral courage">Moral</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtesy" title="Courtesy">Courtesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diligence" title="Diligence">Diligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discernment_(Christianity)" title="Discernment (Christianity)">Discernment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discipline" title="Discipline">Discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duty" title="Duty">Duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empathy" title="Empathy">Empathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurance" title="Endurance">Endurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equanimity" title="Equanimity">Equanimity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette" title="Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faithfulness" title="Faithfulness">Faithfulness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidelity" title="Fidelity">Fidelity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foresight_(psychology)" title="Foresight (psychology)">Foresight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forgiveness" title="Forgiveness">Forgiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frugality" title="Frugality">Frugality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generosity" title="Generosity">Generosity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glory_(honor)" title="Glory (honor)">Glory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_faith" title="Good faith">Good faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratitude" title="Gratitude">Gratitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_virtue" title="Heroic virtue">Heroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honesty" title="Honesty">Honesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honour" title="Honour">Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_(virtue)" title="Hope (virtue)">Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitality" title="Hospitality">Hospitality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanity_(virtue)" title="Humanity (virtue)">Humanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humility" title="Humility">Humility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impartiality" title="Impartiality">Impartiality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocence" title="Innocence">Innocence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insight" title="Insight">Insight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrity" title="Integrity">Integrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence" title="Intelligence">Intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_intelligence" title="Emotional intelligence">Emotional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_intelligence" title="Social intelligence">Social</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgement" title="Judgement">Judgement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_(virtue)" title="Justice (virtue)">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindness" title="Kindness">Kindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalty" title="Loyalty">Loyalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnanimity" title="Magnanimity">Magnanimity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnificence_(history_of_ideas)" title="Magnificence (history of ideas)">Magnificence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meekness" title="Meekness">Meekness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy" title="Mercy">Mercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderation" title="Moderation">Moderation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modesty" title="Modesty">Modesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonattachment_(philosophy)" title="Nonattachment (philosophy)">Nonattachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patience" title="Patience">Patience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perspicacity" title="Perspicacity">Perspicacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philanthropy" title="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piety" title="Piety">Piety</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filial_piety" title="Filial piety">Filial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pity" title="Pity">Pity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politeness" title="Politeness">Politeness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prudence" title="Prudence">Prudence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punctuality" title="Punctuality">Punctuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_(virtue)" title="Religion (virtue)">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renunciation" title="Renunciation">Renunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_resilience" title="Psychological resilience">Resilience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respect" title="Respect">Respect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverence_(emotion)" title="Reverence (emotion)">Reverence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Righteous_indignation" title="Righteous indignation">Righteous indignation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Righteousness" title="Righteousness">Righteousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-control" title="Self-control">Self-control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-cultivation" title="Self-cultivation">Self-cultivation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-transcendence" title="Self-transcendence">Self-transcendence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simplicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sincerity" title="Sincerity">Sincerity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity" title="Solidarity">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportsmanship" title="Sportsmanship">Sportsmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sympathy" title="Sympathy">Sympathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_taste" title="Aesthetic taste">Taste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)" title="Temperance (virtue)">Temperance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tranquillity" title="Tranquillity">Tranquillity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_(social_science)" title="Trust (social science)">Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom" title="Wisdom">Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wit" title="Wit">Wit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workmanship" title="Workmanship">Workmanship</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chinese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/De_(Chinese)" title="De (Chinese)">De</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jing_(philosophy)" title="Jing (philosophy)">Jing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Li_(Confucianism)" title="Li (Confucianism)">Li</a></i></li> <li><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ren_(philosophy)" title="Ren (philosophy)">Ren</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yi_(philosophy)" title="Yi (philosophy)">Yi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greek</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Agape" title="Agape">Agape</a></i></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Arete" title="Arete">Arete</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ataraxia" title="Ataraxia">Ataraxia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eutrapelia" title="Eutrapelia">Eutrapelia</a></i></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Philotimo" title="Philotimo">Philotimo</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Phronesis" title="Phronesis">Phronesis</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sophia_(wisdom)" title="Sophia (wisdom)">Sophia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sophrosyne" title="Sophrosyne">Sophrosyne</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adhi%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81na" title="Adhiṭṭhāna">Adhiṭṭhāna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akrodha" title="Akrodha">Akrodha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Non-possession" title="Non-possession">Aparigraha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arjava" title="Arjava">Ārjava</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achourya" title="Achourya">Asteya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhrti" title="Dhrti">Dhṛti</a></i></li> <li><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Hr%C4%AB_(Buddhism)" title="Hrī (Buddhism)">Hrī</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karu%E1%B9%87%C4%81" title="Karuṇā">Karuṇā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kshama" title="Kshama">Kshama</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kshanti" title="Kshanti">Kshanti</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maitr%C4%AB" title="Maitrī">Mettā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mudita" title="Mudita">Muditā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Prajñā (Buddhism)">Prajñā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shaucha" title="Shaucha">Shaucha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sev%C4%81" title="Sevā">Sevā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Hinduism" title="Faith in Hinduism">Śraddhā</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Buddhism" title="Faith in Buddhism">Saddhā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Upek%E1%B9%A3%C4%81" title="Upekṣā">Upekṣā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/V%C4%ABrya" title="Vīrya">Vīrya</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Latin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Auctoritas" title="Auctoritas">Auctoritas</a></i></li> <li><i><a 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