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<span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Voorkomen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voorkomen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synthese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synthese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Synthese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synthese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structuur_en_eigenschappen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structuur_en_eigenschappen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Structuur en eigenschappen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structuur_en_eigenschappen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Structuur en eigenschappen-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structuur_en_eigenschappen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Klassieke_chemische_beschrijving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klassieke_chemische_beschrijving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Klassieke chemische beschrijving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klassieke_chemische_beschrijving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kwantumchemische_beschrijving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kwantumchemische_beschrijving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Kwantumchemische beschrijving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kwantumchemische_beschrijving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coördinatiechemie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coördinatiechemie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Coördinatiechemie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coördinatiechemie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reacties_met_niet-metalen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reacties_met_niet-metalen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reacties met niet-metalen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reacties_met_niet-metalen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toxicologie_en_veiligheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toxicologie_en_veiligheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Toxicologie en veiligheid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toxicologie_en_veiligheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stadsgas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stadsgas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Stadsgas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stadsgas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Koolstofmonoxide</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 101 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-101" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">101 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolstofmonoksied" title="Koolstofmonoksied – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koolstofmonoksied" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoxido_de_carbonio" title="Monoxido de carbonio – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Monoxido de carbonio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="أحادي أكسيد الكربون – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أحادي أكسيد الكربون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon%C3%B3xidu_de_carbonu" title="Monóxidu de carbonu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Monóxidu de carbonu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_monoksid" title="Karbon monoksid – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Karbon monoksid" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="کربون مونوکسید – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کربون مونوکسید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalk%C4%93" title="Smalkē – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Smalkē" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Монааксід вугляроду – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Монааксід вугляроду" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Въглероден оксид – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Въглероден оксид" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="कार्बन मोनोऑक्साइड – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कार्बन मोनोऑक्साइड" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1" title="কার্বন মনোক্সাইড – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কার্বন মনোক্সাইড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljik-monoksid" title="Ugljik-monoksid – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ugljik-monoksid" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon%C3%B2xid_de_carboni" title="Monòxid de carboni – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Monòxid de carboni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%86%D9%86_%D9%85%DB%86%D9%86%DB%86%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="کاربۆن مۆنۆکسید – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کاربۆن مۆنۆکسید" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxid_uhelnat%C3%BD" title="Oxid uhelnatý – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Oxid uhelnatý" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C4%95%D1%80%C4%95%D0%BC" title="Сĕрĕм – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сĕрĕм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monocsid" title="Carbon monocsid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Carbon monocsid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulilte" title="Kulilte – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kulilte" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenstoffmonoxid" title="Kohlenstoffmonoxid – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kohlenstoffmonoxid" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Μονοξείδιο του άνθρακα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μονοξείδιο του άνθρακα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Carbon monoxide" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbona_monooksido" title="Karbona monooksido – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karbona monooksido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon%C3%B3xido_de_carbono" title="Monóxido de carbono – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Monóxido de carbono" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vingugaas" title="Vingugaas – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vingugaas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbono_monoxido" title="Karbono monoxido – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karbono monoxido" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="کربن منوکسید – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کربن منوکسید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiilimonoksidi" title="Hiilimonoksidi – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hiilimonoksidi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoxyde_de_carbone" title="Monoxyde de carbone – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Monoxyde de carbone" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6%C3%B6lmonoksiid" title="Köölmonoksiid – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Köölmonoksiid" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aonocsa%C3%ADd_charb%C3%B3in" title="Aonocsaíd charbóin – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aonocsaíd charbóin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon%C3%B3xido_de_carbono" title="Monóxido de carbono – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Monóxido de carbono" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocseed_charboan" title="Monocseed charboan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Monocseed charboan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yit-y%C3%B2ng_Fa-th%C3%A0n" title="Yit-yòng Fa-thàn – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yit-yòng Fa-thàn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%97%D7%93-%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A0%D7%99" title="פחמן חד-חמצני – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פחמן חד-חמצני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="कार्बन मोनोक्साइड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कार्बन मोनोक्साइड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljikov_(II)_oksid" title="Ugljikov (II) oksid – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ugljikov (II) oksid" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhlikowy_monoksid" title="Wuhlikowy monoksid – Oppersorbisch" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wuhlikowy monoksid" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoksid_kab%C3%B2n" title="Monoksid kabòn – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Monoksid kabòn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A9n-monoxid" title="Szén-monoxid – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szén-monoxid" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AE%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D6%85%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A4" title="Ածխածնի մոնօքսիդ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ածխածնի մոնօքսիդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoxydo_de_carbon" title="Monoxydo de carbon – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Monoxydo de carbon" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_monoksida" title="Karbon monoksida – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karbon monoksida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolm%C3%B3nox%C3%AD%C3%B0" title="Kolmónoxíð – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kolmónoxíð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monossido_di_carbonio" title="Monossido di carbonio – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Monossido di carbonio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96%E7%82%AD%E7%B4%A0" title="一酸化炭素 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="一酸化炭素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ნახშირბადის მონოოქსიდი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნახშირბადის მონოოქსიდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Көміртек монооксиді – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көміртек монооксиді" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94_%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="일산화 탄소 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일산화 탄소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Ис газы – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ис газы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonii_monoxidum" title="Carbonii monoxidum – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carbonii monoxidum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuelestoffmonoxid" title="Kuelestoffmonoxid – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kuelestoffmonoxid" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaolmonoxied" title="Kaolmonoxied – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kaolmonoxied" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglies_monoksidas" title="Anglies monoksidas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anglies monoksidas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oglek%C4%BCa_monoks%C4%ABds" title="Oglekļa monoksīds – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Oglekļa monoksīds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Јаглерод моноксид – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јаглерод моноксид" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="കാർബൺ മോണോക്സൈഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാർബൺ മോണോക്സൈഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%B3%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Нүүрстөрөгчийн дан исэл – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нүүрстөрөгчийн дан исэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="कार्बन मोनॉक्साइड – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कार्बन मोनॉक्साइड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_monoksida" title="Karbon monoksida – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Karbon monoksida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%97%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ကာဗွန်မိုနောက်ဆိုက် – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကာဗွန်မိုနောက်ဆိုက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5-%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Ве-чапазь седь – Erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ве-чапазь седь" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenstoffmonoxid" title="Kohlenstoffmonoxid – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kohlenstoffmonoxid" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="कार्बन मोनोअक्साइड – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कार्बन मोनोअक्साइड" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonmonoksid" title="Karbonmonoksid – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Karbonmonoksid" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonmonoksid" title="Karbonmonoksid – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karbonmonoksid" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoxid_de_carb%C3%B2ni" title="Monoxid de carbòni – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Monoxid de carbòni" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A1" title="ਕਾਰਬਨ ਮੋਨੋਆਕਸਾਈਡ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਰਬਨ ਮੋਨੋਆਕਸਾਈਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlenek_w%C4%99gla" title="Tlenek węgla – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tlenek węgla" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%88" title="کاربن مونو آکسائڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کاربن مونو آکسائڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%DA%89" title="کاربن مونواکسايډ – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کاربن مونواکسايډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon%C3%B3xido_de_carbono" title="Monóxido de carbono – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Monóxido de carbono" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoxid_de_carbon" title="Monoxid de carbon – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Monoxid de carbon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Монооксид углерода – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Монооксид углерода" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Харыалык моноксида – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Харыалык моноксида" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljen-monoksid" title="Ugljen-monoksid – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ugljen-monoksid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" title="කාබන් මොනොක්සයිඩ් – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කාබන් මොනොක්සයිඩ්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Carbon monoxide" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxid_uho%C4%BEnat%C3%BD" title="Oxid uhoľnatý – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Oxid uhoľnatý" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogljikov_monoksid" title="Ogljikov monoksid – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ogljikov monoksid" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Carbon monoxide" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoksidi_i_karbonit" title="Monoksidi i karbonit – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Monoksidi i karbonit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Угљен-моноксид – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Угљен-моноксид" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon_monoksida" title="Karbon monoksida – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Karbon monoksida" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmonoxid" title="Kolmonoxid – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kolmonoxid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoksidi_kabonia" title="Monoksidi kabonia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Monoksidi kabonia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="கார்பனோராக்சைடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கார்பனோராக்சைடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D" title="కార్బన్ మొనాక్సైడ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కార్బన్ మొనాక్సైడ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="คาร์บอนมอนอกไซด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาร์บอนมอนอกไซด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Carbon monoxide" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonmonoksit" title="Karbonmonoksit – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karbonmonoksit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8E" title="Монооксид вуглецю – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Монооксид вуглецю" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88" title="کاربن مونو آکسائیڈ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاربن مونو آکسائیڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is_gazi" title="Is gazi – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Is gazi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Carbon monoxide" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolstofmonoxide" title="Koolstofmonoxide – West-Vlaams" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Koolstofmonoxide" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West-Vlaams" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Carbon monoxide" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="一氧化碳 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="一氧化碳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="一氧化碳 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="一氧化碳" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="一氧化碳 – Klassiek Chinees" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一氧化碳" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassiek Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/It-sng-ho%C3%A0_tho%C3%A0%E2%81%BF-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="It-sng-hoà thoàⁿ-sò͘ – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="It-sng-hoà thoàⁿ-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="一氧化碳 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="一氧化碳" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" 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class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Doorverwezen vanaf <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolmonoxide&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Koolmonoxide">Koolmonoxide</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#DDEEFF; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Koolstofmonoxide </th></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#DDEEFF; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3">Structuurformule en molecuulmodel </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Carbon_monoxide_2D_comma.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Structuurformule van koolstofmonoxide" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Carbon_monoxide_2D_comma.svg/150px-Carbon_monoxide_2D_comma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Carbon_monoxide_2D_comma.svg/225px-Carbon_monoxide_2D_comma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Carbon_monoxide_2D_comma.svg/300px-Carbon_monoxide_2D_comma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="450" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Structuurformule" title="Structuurformule">Structuurformule</a> van koolstofmonoxide</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#DDEEFF; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3">Algemeen </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Molecuulformule" title="Molecuulformule">Molecuulformule</a> </th> <td colspan="2">CO </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/IUPAC-nomenclatuur" title="IUPAC-nomenclatuur">IUPAC-naam</a> </th> <td colspan="2">koolstofmonoxide </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Nomenclatuur" title="Nomenclatuur">Andere namen</a> </th> <td colspan="2">koolstof(II)oxide, koolmonoxide, carbonyl </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Molaire_massa" title="Molaire massa">Molmassa</a> </th> <td colspan="2">28,0101 <a href="/wiki/Gram_(eenheid)" title="Gram (eenheid)">g</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mol_(eenheid)" title="Mol (eenheid)">mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/SMILES" title="SMILES">SMILES</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; width:127px;">[O+]#[C-]</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; width:127px;">1/CO/c1-2</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/CAS-nummer" title="CAS-nummer">CAS-nummer</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=630-08-0">630-08-0</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/EG-nummer" title="EG-nummer">EG-nummer</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/information-on-chemicals/cl-inventory-database/-/cl-inventory/search-clinventory-by-other-identifier/211-128-3">211-128-3</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=281">281</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2025" class="extiw" title="d:Q2025">Q2025</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Beschrijving </th> <td colspan="2">Kleurloos en reukloos verstikkend gas </td></tr> <tr> <th>Vergelijkbaar met </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Koolstofdioxide" title="Koolstofdioxide">koolstofdioxide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methaan" title="Methaan">methaan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#DDEEFF; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Waarschuwingen en veiligheidsmaatregelen </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><table align="center" style="border-style:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-style:none;cell-padding:2px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ontvlambaar"><img alt="Ontvlambaar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/60px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/90px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/120px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-style:none;cell-padding:2px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:GHS-pictogram-bottle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drukhouder"><img alt="Drukhouder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/GHS-pictogram-bottle.svg/60px-GHS-pictogram-bottle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/GHS-pictogram-bottle.svg/90px-GHS-pictogram-bottle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/GHS-pictogram-bottle.svg/120px-GHS-pictogram-bottle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span></td><td style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-style:none;cell-padding:2px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:GHS-pictogram-skull.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Toxisch"><img alt="Toxisch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GHS-pictogram-skull.svg/60px-GHS-pictogram-skull.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GHS-pictogram-skull.svg/90px-GHS-pictogram-skull.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GHS-pictogram-skull.svg/120px-GHS-pictogram-skull.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span></td><td style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-style:none;cell-padding:2px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Schadelijk voor de gezondheid"><img alt="Schadelijk voor de gezondheid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/60px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/90px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/120px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><b>Gevaar</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/H-_en_P-zinnen" title="H- en P-zinnen">H-zinnen</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><abbr title="Zeer licht ontvlambaar gas.">H220</abbr> - <abbr title="Bevat gas onder druk; kan ontploffen bij verwarming.">H280</abbr> - <abbr title="Giftig bij inademing.">H331</abbr> - <abbr title="Kan het ongeboren kind schaden">H360d</abbr> - <abbr title="Veroorzaakt schade aan organen ''<of alle betrokken organen vermelden indien bekend>'' bij langdurige of herhaalde blootstelling ''<blootstellingsroute vermelden indien afdoende bewezen is dat het gevaar bij andere blootstellingsroutes niet aanwezig is>''.">H372</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/H-_en_P-zinnen" title="H- en P-zinnen">EUH-zinnen</a></span> </th> <td colspan="2"><i>geen</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/H-_en_P-zinnen" title="H- en P-zinnen">P-zinnen</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><abbr title="Alvorens te gebruiken de speciale aanwijzingen raadplegen.">P201</abbr> - <abbr title="Verwijderd houden van warmte/vonken/open vuur/hete oppervlakken. Niet roken.">P210</abbr> - <abbr title="Inademing van stof/rook/gas/nevel/damp/spuitnevel vermijden.">P261</abbr> - <abbr title="Een antigifcentrum of een arts raadplegen.">P311</abbr> - <abbr title="Tegen zonlicht beschermen. Op een goed geventileerde plaats bewaren.">P410+P403</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Omgang </th> <td colspan="2">Niet inademen, contact en blootstelling vermijden </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opslag </th> <td colspan="2">Indien bewaard in gasfles, temperatuur niet boven 50 °C laten uitkomen; stevig gesloten houden verwijderd van direct zonlicht, hitte, vonken en open vlammen vanwege ontvlambaarheid </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/EG-Index-nummer" title="EG-Index-nummer">EG-Index-nummer</a> </th> <td colspan="2">006-001-00-2 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Stofidentificatienummer" title="Stofidentificatienummer">VN-nummer</a> </th> <td colspan="2">1016 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/MAC-waarde" title="MAC-waarde">MAC-waarde</a> </th> <td colspan="2">29 mg/m³ </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#DDEEFF; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Fysische eigenschappen </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Aggregatietoestand" title="Aggregatietoestand">Aggregatietoestand</a> </th> <td colspan="2">gasvormig </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kleur_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kleur (hoofdbetekenis)">Kleur</a> </th> <td colspan="2">kleurloos </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Massadichtheid" title="Massadichtheid">Dichtheid</a> </th> <td colspan="2">(bij 0°C) 0,00125 g/cm³ </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Smeltpunt" title="Smeltpunt">Smeltpunt</a> </th> <td colspan="2">−205,06 °C </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kookpunt" title="Kookpunt">Kookpunt</a> </th> <td colspan="2">−191,47 °C </td></tr> <tr> <th>Goed oplosbaar in </th> <td colspan="2">methanol, ethanol </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#DDEEFF; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Thermodynamische eigenschappen </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Enthalpie#Vormingsenthalpie" title="Enthalpie">Δ<sub>f</sub>H<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>g</sub></a> </th> <td colspan="2">−110,5 <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">kJ</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mol_(eenheid)" title="Mol (eenheid)">mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Entropie#Standaardentropie" title="Entropie">S<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>g, 1 bar</sub></a> </th> <td colspan="2">197,7 <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">J</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mol_(eenheid)" title="Mol (eenheid)">mol</a>·<a href="/wiki/Kelvin_(eenheid)" title="Kelvin (eenheid)">K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#DDEEFF; color:inherit;" colspan="3"><small>Tenzij anders vermeld zijn <a href="/wiki/Standaardomstandigheden" title="Standaardomstandigheden">standaardomstandigheden</a> gebruikt (298,15 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin_(eenheid)" title="Kelvin (eenheid)">K</a> of 25 <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">°C</a>, 1 <a href="/wiki/Bar_(druk)" title="Bar (druk)">bar</a>).</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:#DDEEFF; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Scheikunde" title="Portaal:Scheikunde">Scheikunde</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Koolstofmonoxide</b>, <b>koolstofmono-oxide</b> of <b>koolmonoxide</b>, vroeger ook wel <b>kolendamp</b> genoemd, is een <a href="/wiki/Polaire_verbinding" title="Polaire verbinding">polaire</a> <a href="/wiki/Anorganische_verbinding" title="Anorganische verbinding">anorganische verbinding</a> van <a href="/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof">koolstof</a> en <a href="/wiki/Zuurstof_(element)" title="Zuurstof (element)">zuurstof</a>, met als <a href="/wiki/Brutoformule" title="Brutoformule">brutoformule</a> CO. In de volksmond wordt het vaak gewoonweg <b>CO</b> genoemd. Het is een kleurloos <a href="/wiki/Gas_(aggregatietoestand)" title="Gas (aggregatietoestand)">gas</a> dat onder meer ontstaat door onvolledige verbranding van <a href="/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof">koolstof</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fossiele_brandstof" title="Fossiele brandstof">fossiele brandstoffen</a> of andere brandbare koolstofverbindingen (de meeste <a href="/wiki/Organische_verbinding" title="Organische verbinding">organische verbindingen</a>). Het is een vrij belangrijke stof in de chemische industrie. Koolstofmonoxide is giftig, kleurloos en reukloos. Hierdoor is het erg gevaarlijk. Het gas is fractioneel lichter dan <a href="/wiki/Lucht#Dichtheid" title="Lucht">lucht</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorkomen">Voorkomen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voorkomen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voorkomen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Koolstofmonoxide is een van de schadelijke stoffen in de <a href="/wiki/Uitlaatgas" title="Uitlaatgas">uitlaatgassen</a> van auto's en <a href="/wiki/Tabaksrook" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabaksrook">tabaksrook</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Roken_(tabak)" title="Roken (tabak)">rokers</a> hebben een meetbaar percentage koolstofmonoxide in hun bloed). Omdat koolstof vroeger in de vorm van <a href="/wiki/Steenkool" title="Steenkool">steenkool</a> een belangrijke <a href="/wiki/Brandstof" title="Brandstof">brandstof</a> was voor het verwarmen van huizen, waarbij weleens ongelukken voorkwamen bij slecht onderhouden schoorstenen en kachels, staat koolstofmonoxide ook wel bekend als kolendamp. Berucht is het ontstaan van koolstofmonoxide bij verbranding van aardgas in kachels en <a href="/wiki/Geiser_(apparaat)" title="Geiser (apparaat)">geisers</a> in slecht geventileerde ruimtes. Daarbij kan koolstofmonoxidevergiftiging optreden. </p><p>Koolstofmonoxide komt van nature in het milieu voor ten gevolge van <a href="/wiki/Eruptie" title="Eruptie">vulkaanuitbarstingen</a> (samen met onder andere <a href="/wiki/Zwaveldioxide" title="Zwaveldioxide">zwaveldioxide</a>, koolstofdioxide, <a href="/wiki/Waterstofsulfide" title="Waterstofsulfide">waterstofsulfide</a> en <a href="/wiki/Koolstofdisulfide" title="Koolstofdisulfide">koolstofdisulfide</a>), ontgassing van <a href="/wiki/Moeras" title="Moeras">moerassen</a> (samen met <a href="/wiki/Methaan" title="Methaan">methaan</a>) en bosbranden. Ook bij tal van industriële activiteiten (<a href="/wiki/Aardolieraffinage" title="Aardolieraffinage">olieraffinaderijen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Afvalverbrandingsinstallatie" title="Afvalverbrandingsinstallatie">verbrandingsovens</a>) komt het gas vrij. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synthese">Synthese</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Synthese" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Synthese"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Koolstofmonoxide ontstaat onder andere bij onvolledige verbranding van koolstof: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2C + O2 -> 2CO}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>C</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>CO</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2C + O2 -> 2CO}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/506c1bf2d39f477e356e12683095c70ac1103569" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:19.062ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2C + O2 -> 2CO}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>De verbinding kan echter ook gevormd worden bij ontleding van andere verbindingen bij verhitting, bijvoorbeeld van <a href="/wiki/Oxalaat" title="Oxalaat">oxalaten</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CaC2O4 -> CaCO3 + CO}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>CaC</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CaCO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>CO</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CaC2O4 -> CaCO3 + CO}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/425f5fd73d795a18ffa897de753770ad5cc14045" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:27.239ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CaC2O4 -> CaCO3 + CO}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Op kleine schaal (laboratoriumschaal) kan het ook gesynthetiseerd worden uitgaande van een aantal specifieke precursoren: </p> <ul><li>Reactie tussen <a href="/wiki/Chloroform" title="Chloroform">chloroform</a> en <a href="/wiki/Cesiumhydroxide" title="Cesiumhydroxide">cesiumhydroxide</a></li> <li>Reactie tussen <a href="/wiki/Triethylamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Triethylamine">triethylamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mierenzuur" title="Mierenzuur">mierenzuur</a> en <a href="/wiki/Methaansulfonylchloride" title="Methaansulfonylchloride">methaansulfonylchloride</a></li> <li>Reactie tussen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Methyldifenylsilacarbonzuur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methyldifenylsilacarbonzuur (de pagina bestaat niet)">methyldifenylsilacarbonzuur</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kaliumfluoride" title="Kaliumfluoride">kaliumfluoride</a></li> <li>Reactie tussen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrafenyldimethyldisilaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrafenyldimethyldisilaan (de pagina bestaat niet)">tetrafenyldimethyldisilaan</a> en <a href="/wiki/Cesiumfluoride" title="Cesiumfluoride">cesiumfluoride</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structuur_en_eigenschappen">Structuur en eigenschappen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Structuur en eigenschappen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Structuur en eigenschappen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De structuur van de molecule is per definitie <a href="/wiki/Lineaire_moleculaire_geometrie" title="Lineaire moleculaire geometrie">lineair</a> (koolstofmonoxide is immers <a href="/wiki/Diatomisch_molecuul" title="Diatomisch molecuul">diatomisch</a>) en wordt het beste beschreven met behulp van de <a href="/wiki/Molecuulorbitaaltheorie" title="Molecuulorbitaaltheorie">molecuulorbitaaltheorie</a>. De lengte van de binding (111 <a href="/wiki/Picometer" title="Picometer">pm</a>) duidt erop dat er partieel <a href="/wiki/Drievoudige_binding" title="Drievoudige binding">drievoudige bindingskarakter</a> aanwezig is. Koolstofmonoxide bezit een klein <a href="/wiki/Dipoolmoment" title="Dipoolmoment">dipoolmoment</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klassieke_chemische_beschrijving">Klassieke chemische beschrijving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Klassieke chemische beschrijving" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Klassieke chemische beschrijving"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de geschiedenis van de beschrijving van de chemische binding heeft koolstofmonoxide vaak voor problemen gezorgd. In de <a href="/wiki/Lewistheorie" title="Lewistheorie">Lewistheorie</a> ging men uit van het idee dat er een neiging bestond een <a href="/wiki/Octetregel" title="Octetregel">octet</a> te willen vormen en dat bindingen voortkwamen uit de noodzaak elektronenparen te delen tussen atomen om aan deze octetregel te voldoen. In koolstofmonoxide zijn in totaal 10 <a href="/wiki/Valentie-elektron" title="Valentie-elektron">valentie-elektronen</a> aanwezig (4 van koolstof en 6 van zuurstof). Het aantal gewenste elektronen (om 2 octetten te vormen) bedraagt echter 16, dus er zullen <a href="/wiki/Formele_lading" title="Formele lading">formele ladingen</a> optreden in de molecule. In <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a> stelde <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a> een structuurformule voor met een drievoudige binding tussen koolstof en zuurstof. Ieder element draagt daarbij 1 <a href="/wiki/Vrij_elektronenpaar" title="Vrij elektronenpaar">vrij elektronenpaar</a>: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ^{-}|\mathrm {C} \equiv \mathrm {O} |^{+}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> </mrow> <mo>≡</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ^{-}|\mathrm {C} \equiv \mathrm {O} |^{+}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2aa72c3d8d29d869ba1319dac875b28c90fd9523" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.9ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ^{-}|\mathrm {C} \equiv \mathrm {O} |^{+}}"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Het probleem met deze structuur is dat de formele lading van koolstof hier −1 en van zuurstof +1 bedraagt. Deze formele ladingen zijn echter het omgekeerde van wat men op grond van de <a href="/wiki/Elektronegativiteit" title="Elektronegativiteit">elektronegativiteit</a> zou verwachten: koolstof is elektropositiever dan zuurstof en verdraagt gemakkelijker een positieve dan een negatieve lading. Het omgekeerde geldt voor zuurstof. </p><p>Dit bracht <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> ertoe de moleculen weer te geven met 3 <a href="/wiki/Resonantie_(scheikunde)" title="Resonantie (scheikunde)">resonantiestructuren</a>: </p> <dl><dd><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Carbon_monoxide_mesomeric.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Resonantie naar Pauling"><img alt="Resonantie naar Pauling" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Carbon_monoxide_mesomeric.svg/400px-Carbon_monoxide_mesomeric.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Carbon_monoxide_mesomeric.svg/600px-Carbon_monoxide_mesomeric.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Carbon_monoxide_mesomeric.svg/800px-Carbon_monoxide_mesomeric.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="99" /></a><figcaption>Resonantie naar Pauling</figcaption></figure></dd></dl> <div style="clear:left;"></div> <p>De eerste structuur is de door Langmuir voorgestelde. De middelste structuur bezit geen formele ladingen en ziet er dus een stuk aannemelijker uit, maar het koolstofatoom heeft geen octet meer. Bovendien is de gemeten bindingsafstand in koolstofmonoxide korter dan wat voor een <a href="/wiki/Dubbele_binding_(scheikunde)" title="Dubbele binding (scheikunde)">dubbele binding</a> verwacht kan worden. Voor de derde structuur is de formele lading in overeenstemming met de elektronegativiteit van ieder <a href="/wiki/Atoom" title="Atoom">atoom</a>, maar het koolstofatoom heeft nog slechts vier elektronen rond zich en is dus absoluut niet stabiel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kwantumchemische_beschrijving">Kwantumchemische beschrijving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kwantumchemische beschrijving" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kwantumchemische beschrijving"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het feit dat geen van de drie voorgestelde resonantiestructuren voldoet aan de klassieke chemische beschrijving van de binding, bewijst de fundamentele tekortkomingen ervan. De <a href="/wiki/Kwantummechanica" title="Kwantummechanica">kwantummechanica</a> en <a href="/wiki/Theoretische_chemie" title="Theoretische chemie">theoretische chemie</a> brachten daarin verandering. Een beschrijving met <a href="/wiki/Moleculair_orbitaal" title="Moleculair orbitaal">moleculaire orbitalen</a> laat zien dat er drie bindingen en <a href="/wiki/Parti%C3%ABle_lading" title="Partiële lading">partiële ladingen</a> aanwezig zijn. Beide conclusies zijn in overeenstemming met experimenteel vastgestelde waarden wat betreft de bindingslengte en de elektronegativiteit. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:MOdiagramCOsig.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Het molecuulorbitaaldiagram van koolstofmonoxide"><img alt="Het molecuulorbitaaldiagram van koolstofmonoxide" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/MOdiagramCOsig.png/450px-MOdiagramCOsig.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/MOdiagramCOsig.png 1.5x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Het molecuulorbitaaldiagram van koolstofmonoxide</figcaption></figure> <p>In de kwantumchemische beschrijving zijn er elektronenparen in orbitalen die zich over de gehele molecule uitstrekken: ze zijn dus niet gelokaliseerd op 1 atoom. Twee elektronen bevinden zich elk in het bindende σ- en antibindende σ*-orbitaal. Zij zijn opgebouwd uit de 2s-orbitalen (atomaire orbitalen) van de beide atomen. Gezamenlijk dragen zij niet tot binding bij omdat de bindende eigenschappen van het σ-moleculair orbitaal opgeheven worden door die van het antibindende. Er worden echter drie elektronenparen in de σ- en π-orbitalen gevormd door de <a href="/wiki/Orbitaaloverlap" title="Orbitaaloverlap">orbitaaloverlap</a> van 2p-orbitalen van beide atomen. De antibindende σ*- en π*-moleculaire orbitalen zijn niet bezet: dit geeft aanleiding tot een drievoudige binding. Door opmenging van de σ(2s)- en σ(2p)-orbitalen komt het σ(2p)-orbitaal iets hoger te liggen dan het π(2p)-orbitaal. De <a href="/wiki/Moleculair_orbitaal#HOMO_en_LUMO" title="Moleculair orbitaal">HOMO</a> (het hoogst bezette moleculaire orbitaal) is dus het σ(2p)-orbitaal en het laagste onbezette (de <a href="/wiki/Moleculair_orbitaal#HOMO_en_LUMO" title="Moleculair orbitaal">LUMO</a>) is het π*(2p)-orbitaal. </p><p>De gevulde σ(2p)- en π(2p)-orbitalen bezitten ten gevolge van het elektronegativiteitsverschil van de atomen iets meer of minder zuurstof- dan wel koolstofkarakter. Dit geeft zuurstof een partiële negatieve lading (δ<sup>−</sup>) en koolstof een partieel positieve (δ<sup>+</sup>). Het eindresultaat is dus wellicht het best samen te vatten als volgende structuur: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ^{\delta ^{+}}|\mathrm {C} \equiv \mathrm {O} |^{\delta ^{-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mi>δ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> </mrow> <mo>≡</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mi>δ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ^{\delta ^{+}}|\mathrm {C} \equiv \mathrm {O} |^{\delta ^{-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9dcfac0672740d6805f040f87f99a2f94ceca3f0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.237ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ^{\delta ^{+}}|\mathrm {C} \equiv \mathrm {O} |^{\delta ^{-}}}"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>De negatieve lading ligt hierbij dus, in tegenstelling tot wat bij de Lewis-structuur het geval was, op het meest elektronegatieve atoom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coördinatiechemie"><span id="Co.C3.B6rdinatiechemie"></span>Coördinatiechemie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Coördinatiechemie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Coördinatiechemie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Carbonylcomplex" title="Carbonylcomplex">Carbonylcomplex</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Koolstofmonoxide kan sterke interacties aangaan met een groot aantal <a href="/wiki/Metaal" title="Metaal">metalen en metaalionen</a>, vooral van de <a href="/wiki/Overgangsmetaal" title="Overgangsmetaal">overgangsmetalen</a>. De resulterende verbindingen worden <a href="/wiki/Carbonylcomplex" title="Carbonylcomplex">carbonylcomplexen</a> genoemd. De symmetrie (de vorm) van de HOMO en de LUMO zijn daar grotendeels verantwoordelijk voor. Het gevulde σ(2p)-orbitaal (de HOMO) bezit een grote coëfficiënt (een grote atomaire bijdrage) aan de kant van het koolstofatoom en kan elektronendichtheid doneren aan een metaalatoom, bijvoorbeeld door een σ-binding aan te gaan met de <i>d</i><sub>x<sup>2</sup>-y<sup>2</sup></sub>-orbitalen. Het lege π*(2p)-orbitaal (de LUMO) kan via een π-interactie elektronendichtheid van het metaalion terug accepteren, op voorwaarde dat deze gevulde orbitalen van geschikte symmetrie (zoals het <i>d</i><sub>xz</sub>-orbitaal) bezit. Deze vorm van wederzijdse wisselwerking wordt ook wel <i><a href="/wiki/Pi-backbonding" title="Pi-backbonding">pi-backbonding</a></i> (terugbinding via het π-moleculaire orbitaal) genoemd. Koolstofmonoxide is aldus een pi-acceptorligand en vormt gemakkelijk <i>low-spin</i>-complexen (het genereert een <a href="/wiki/Ligandveldtheorie" title="Ligandveldtheorie">sterk ligandveld</a>). De pi-backbonding verklaart de stabiliteit van een aantal carbonylcomplexen zoals <a href="/wiki/Chroomhexacarbonyl" title="Chroomhexacarbonyl">chroomhexacarbonyl</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molybdeenhexacarbonyl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molybdeenhexacarbonyl (de pagina bestaat niet)">molybdeenhexacarbonyl</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfraamhexacarbonyl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfraamhexacarbonyl (de pagina bestaat niet)">wolfraamhexacarbonyl</a>, <a href="/wiki/IJzerpentacarbonyl" title="IJzerpentacarbonyl">ijzerpentacarbonyl</a> en <a href="/wiki/Nikkeltetracarbonyl" title="Nikkeltetracarbonyl">nikkeltetracarbonyl</a>. Deze laatste verbinding wordt zelfs gevormd wanneer nikkel gewoon wordt blootgesteld aan koolstofmonoxide. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reacties_met_niet-metalen">Reacties met niet-metalen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Reacties met niet-metalen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Reacties met niet-metalen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het oxidatiegetal van koolstof in koolstofmonoxide is +II, in plaats van het gebruikelijke +IV. Het kan daarom verder geoxideerd worden tot <a href="/wiki/Koolstofdioxide" title="Koolstofdioxide">koolstofdioxide</a> en is daarom brandbaar: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2CO + O2 -> 2CO2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2CO + O2 -> 2CO2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c862e95873271112d8392d9c79659f93611dba04" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:21.924ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2CO + O2 -> 2CO2}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Koolstofmonoxide kan onder invloed van licht directe reacties ondergaan met de halogenen. Met <a href="/wiki/Dichloor" title="Dichloor">chloorgas</a> wordt bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Fosgeen" title="Fosgeen">fosgeen</a> gevormd: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CO + Cl2 -> COCl2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>COCl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CO + Cl2 -> COCl2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6ad4ed73072100d256a8a84ffc6c68a7182782d7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:21.667ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CO + Cl2 -> COCl2}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Zwavel reageert bij hogere temperaturen tot <a href="/wiki/Carbonylsulfide" title="Carbonylsulfide">carbonylsulfide</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CO + S -> COS}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>S</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext>COS</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CO + S -> COS}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4813b6165151fc4b8dcf57ae1cca598964c7ebdb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:17.494ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CO + S -> COS}}}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toxicologie_en_veiligheid">Toxicologie en veiligheid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Toxicologie en veiligheid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Toxicologie en veiligheid"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Koolstofmonoxidevergiftiging" title="Koolstofmonoxidevergiftiging">Koolstofmonoxidevergiftiging</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Koolstofmonoxide is een giftig gas. In het <a href="/wiki/Bloed" title="Bloed">bloed</a> hecht het zich aan het zuurstoftransport-eiwit <a href="/wiki/Hemoglobine" title="Hemoglobine">hemoglobine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rode_bloedcel" title="Rode bloedcel">rode bloedcellen</a>, waarbij het <a href="/wiki/Dizuurstof" title="Dizuurstof">zuurstofgas</a> (O<sub>2</sub>) verdringt. Dit is te wijten aan de sterke <a href="/wiki/Co%C3%B6rdinatieverbinding" title="Coördinatieverbinding">coördinatiebinding</a> (pi-backbonding) met het <a href="/wiki/IJzer_(element)" title="IJzer (element)">ijzer</a> in hemoglobine. Het vermogen van koolstofmonoxide om zich vast te hechten op dit eiwit is circa 240 keer zo groot als dat van zuurstof. Dat betekent dat zelfs bij een geringe concentratie van koolstofmonoxide in de <a href="/wiki/Lucht" title="Lucht">lucht</a> relatief veel koolstofmonoxide in het bloed terecht kan komen en er vergiftigingsverschijnselen kunnen optreden. De symptomen van koolstofmonoxidevergiftiging zijn <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpijn" title="Hoofdpijn">hoofdpijn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Misselijkheid" title="Misselijkheid">misselijkheid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duizeligheid" title="Duizeligheid">duizeligheid</a> en <a href="/wiki/Vermoeidheid" title="Vermoeidheid">vermoeidheid</a>. Bij langere blootstelling wordt dit gevolgd door <a href="/wiki/Bewusteloosheid" title="Bewusteloosheid">bewusteloosheid</a> en ten slotte de <a href="/wiki/Dood" title="Dood">dood</a> door zuurstofgebrek in de <a href="/wiki/Hersenen" title="Hersenen">hersenen</a>. </p><p>Tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Tweede Wereldoorlog">Tweede Wereldoorlog</a> werd koolstofmonoxide onder andere gebruikt in de <a href="/wiki/Gaskamer" title="Gaskamer">gaskamers</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Vernietigingskamp" title="Vernietigingskamp">vernietigingskampen</a> <a href="/wiki/Majdanek" title="Majdanek">Majdanek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sobib%C3%B3r_(vernietigingskamp)" title="Sobibór (vernietigingskamp)">Sobibór</a>, <a href="/wiki/Be%C5%82%C5%BCec_(vernietigingskamp)" title="Bełżec (vernietigingskamp)">Bełżec</a> en <a href="/wiki/Treblinka_(vernietigingskamp)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treblinka (vernietigingskamp)">Treblinka</a>. Ook maakte men gebruik van zogenaamde <a href="/wiki/Gaswagen" title="Gaswagen">gaswagens</a>. Dit waren gesloten vrachtwagens die gevangenen konden vervoeren (ze gingen zogenaamd op transport). De chauffeur kon via een eenvoudig mechanisme de uitlaatgassen (die koolstofmonoxide bevatten) de laadruimte inleiden, terwijl de wagen naar een <a href="/wiki/Massagraf" title="Massagraf">massabegraafplaats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Crematorium" title="Crematorium">crematorium</a> reed. </p><p>Soms wordt <a href="/wiki/Zelfdoding" class="mw-redirect" title="Zelfdoding">zelfmoord</a> gepleegd door het inademen van de koolstofmonoxide bevattende uitlaatgassen van <a href="/wiki/Verbrandingsmotor" title="Verbrandingsmotor">verbrandingsmotoren</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stadsgas">Stadsgas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Stadsgas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Stadsgas"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Voordat in de <a href="/wiki/1960-1969" title="1960-1969">jaren 60</a> van de <a href="/wiki/20e_eeuw" title="20e eeuw">20e eeuw</a> <a href="/wiki/Aardgas" title="Aardgas">aardgas</a> in gebruik werd genomen, werd <a href="/wiki/Stadsgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadsgas">stadsgas</a> gebruikt (ook wel <i>kolengas</i> genoemd), een gas dat hoofdzakelijk uit koolstofmonoxide, <a href="/wiki/Methaan" title="Methaan">methaan</a> en <a href="/wiki/Diwaterstof" title="Diwaterstof">waterstof</a> bestond. Dit gas werd vooral gebruikt voor <a href="/wiki/Verlichtingstechniek" title="Verlichtingstechniek">verlichting</a> en om op te koken. Het werd uit <a href="/wiki/Steenkool" title="Steenkool">steenkool</a> gemaakt in <a href="/wiki/Gasfabriek" title="Gasfabriek">gasfabrieken</a>. Het stadsgas was beschikbaar in iedere woning en werd soms gebruikt om zelfmoord te plegen. De persoon ging dan met het hoofd in de oven liggen en raakte snel buiten bewustzijn. Ter voorkoming van accidentele vergiftiging en vanwege explosiegevaar werd aan het stadsgas een sterke kunstmatige gaslucht (een <a href="/wiki/Thiol" title="Thiol">thiol</a>) toegevoegd opdat gaslekken snel zouden opvallen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbonylering" title="Carbonylering">Carbonylering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_toxische_gassen" title="Lijst van toxische gassen">Lijst van toxische gassen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Nuvola_apps_important_yellow.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nuvola_apps_important_yellow.svg/14px-Nuvola_apps_important_yellow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nuvola_apps_important_yellow.svg/21px-Nuvola_apps_important_yellow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nuvola_apps_important_yellow.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_important_yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_lang=en&p_card_id=0023">koolstofmonoxide</a></i> - <small><small><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Safety_Card" title="International Chemical Safety Card">International Chemical Safety Card</a></small></small></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111203174723/http://airgas.com/documents/pdf/001014.pdf">MSDS van koolstofmonoxide</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics" title="CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a>, 2006, CRC Press LLC Headquarters te Boca Raton</li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken 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aria-labelledby="Chemische_wapens"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_chemische_wapens" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie chemische wapens"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nl:Overleg_sjabloon:Navigatie_chemische_wapens" title="Overleg sjabloon"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Chemische_wapens" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Chemisch_wapen" title="Chemisch wapen">Chemische wapens</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zuurstofverdringend_gas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zuurstofverdringend gas (de pagina bestaat niet)">Zuurstofverdringend gas</a>:</b></span></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Cyanogeenchloride" title="Cyanogeenchloride">cyanogeenchloride</a> (CK) · <a href="/wiki/Waterstofcyanide" title="Waterstofcyanide">blauwzuur</a> (AC) · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">koolstofmonoxide</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Blaartrekkend_gas" title="Blaartrekkend gas">Blaartrekkend gas</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Lewisiet" title="Lewisiet">lewisiet</a> (L) · <a href="/wiki/Mosterdgas" title="Mosterdgas">zwavel-mosterdgas</a> (HD, H, HT, HL, HQ) · <a href="/wiki/Stikstofmosterd" title="Stikstofmosterd">stikstof-mosterdgas</a> (HN1, HN2, HN3)</td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Zenuwgas" title="Zenuwgas">Zenuwgas</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><i>G-agentia:</i> <a href="/wiki/Tabun" title="Tabun">tabun</a> (GA) · <a href="/wiki/Sarin_(zenuwgas)" title="Sarin (zenuwgas)">sarin</a> (GB) · <a href="/wiki/Soman" title="Soman">soman</a> (GD) · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclosarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyclosarin (de pagina bestaat niet)">cyclosarin</a> (GF) · <i>V-agentia:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=VE_(nerve_agent)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VE (nerve agent) (de pagina bestaat niet)">VE</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=VG_(zenuwgas)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VG (zenuwgas) (de pagina bestaat niet)">VG</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=VM_(zenuwgas)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VM (zenuwgas) (de pagina bestaat niet)">VM</a> · <a href="/wiki/VX" title="VX">VX</a> · <i>Novitsjok-agentia:</i> <a href="/wiki/Novitsjok" title="Novitsjok">Novitsjok</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Verstikkend_gas" title="Verstikkend gas">Verstikkend gas</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Dichloor" title="Dichloor">chloorgas</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trichloornitromethaan" title="Trichloornitromethaan">chloorpicrine</a> (PS) · <a href="/wiki/Fosgeen" title="Fosgeen">fosgeen</a> (CG) · <a href="/wiki/Difosgeen" title="Difosgeen">difosgeen</a> (DP)</td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Irritantia" title="Irritantia">Irritantia</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agent_15&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agent 15 (de pagina bestaat niet)">Agent 15</a> (BZ) · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolokol-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolokol-1 (de pagina bestaat niet)">Kolokol-1</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Traangas" title="Traangas">Traangas</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Pepperspray" title="Pepperspray">pepperspray</a> (OC) · <a href="/wiki/CS-gas" title="CS-gas">CS-gas</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chlooracetofenon" title="Chlooracetofenon">CN-gas</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=CR-gas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CR-gas (de pagina bestaat niet)">CR-gas</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carbon_monoxide#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Carbon monoxide">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carbon_monoxide#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Carbon monoxide">Carbon monoxide</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rivm.nl/tabak/wat-zit-er-in-rook/stoffen-in-tabaksrook">9 schadelijke stoffen in tabaksrook (WHO)</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rijksinstituut_voor_Volksgezondheid_en_Milieu" title="Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu">RIVM</a></i>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-03-05">5 maart 2024</span>. </span></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&oldid=67150258">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koolstofmonoxide&oldid=67150258</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Anorganische_verbinding_van_koolstof" title="Categorie:Anorganische verbinding van koolstof">Anorganische verbinding van koolstof</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Koolstofoxide" title="Categorie:Koolstofoxide">Koolstofoxide</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Neurotransmitter" title="Categorie:Neurotransmitter">Neurotransmitter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Ontvlambare_stof" title="Categorie:Ontvlambare stof">Ontvlambare stof</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Toxische_stof" title="Categorie:Toxische stof">Toxische stof</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Verborgen categorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Wikipedia:GHS_aanwezig" title="Categorie:Wikipedia:GHS aanwezig">Wikipedia:GHS aanwezig</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 5 mrt 2024 om 15:28.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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