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mb-1">Article modifié le <time datetime="2025-01-29"> 29/01/2025 </time></p><div class="content whole type-article" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yT229393_0"><i class="anchor" id="yT229393_0"></i><div class="clearfix"></div><div class="media-container float-md-start me-2 col-md-3 text-center"><figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"><a data-ucode="AT001303" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy media-atlas" title="Média : Australie : carte administrative" href="/media/australie-carte-administrative-at001303/"><img id="AT001303" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/b/csm_at001303_e130a02d64.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Australie : carte administrative - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Carte administrative de l'Australie." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1935" /></a><figcaption class="figure-caption"><p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Australie : carte administrative </p><p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p></figcaption></figure></div><p> Capitale du <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Deuxième État d' Australie par la superficie (1 727 000 km 2 ) et troisième par la population (4 millions d'habitants en 2005), le Queensland n'a qu'une faible densité de peuplement : deux habitants environ au kilomètre carré. Les Européens se sont installés dans cette partie de l'Australie au xix e siècle. Le premier établissement, Brisbane , a été fondé en 1825. Le Queen..." title="Article : QUEENSLAND" href="/encyclopedie/queensland/">Queensland</a>, un des six États australiens, Brisbane a été fondée en 1825 sur un méandre d'estuaire de la rivière du même nom. D'abord colonie pénale, ville libre à partir de 1842, Brisbane se développe particulièrement vite lorsque, détachée en 1859 de la Nouvelle-Galles-du-Sud, elle devient le chef-lieu de la colonie du Queensland. L'essor de la ville est favorisé par la mise en valeur agricole des riches terres de Moreton (élevage laitier, ananas, tabac, sucre) et des Darling Downs (céréales) et par la découverte de gisements houillers (Ipswich), de pétrole (Moonie, Roma) et de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Mélange d' hydrocarbures saturés composé essentiellement de méthane , le gaz naturel appartient au groupe des combustibles fossiles, comme le charbon, le pétrole ou le lignite. Comme ces derniers, il peut être utilisé aussi bien comme source d'énergie que comme matière première. Non renouvelable mais relativement abondant et assez bien réparti dans le monde, il dispose de nombreuses q..." title="Article : GAZ NATUREL" href="/encyclopedie/gaz-naturel/">gaz naturel</a> (Roma). Le port s'étire le long de l'estuaire ; malgré l'aménagement d'un profond chenal jusqu'à la ville, il ne peut accueillir des unités supérieures à 30 000 tonnes ; les plus gros pétroliers s'arrêtent dans la partie aval : c'est là qu'ont été installées les complexes pétroliers. Les activités industrielles de l'agglomération sont variées : constructions mécaniques, automobiles, chantiers navals, papeteries, engrais, cimenterie, caoutchouc, usines textiles, etc. Le centre commercial, la City, correspond à la partie la plus ancienne de la ville ; on y trouve les bâtiments administratifs, les banques, les commerces de détail, les cinémas, et les théâtres. Les deux universités, installées dans la banlieue ouest, figurent parmi les plus importantes de l'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="L'Australie, île-continent située entre l' océan Pacifique sud et l' océan Indien , ne compte que 22 millions d'habitants (2010) sur un territoire de 7 682 300 kilomètres carrés. Le territoire australien est une partie de l'ancien Gondwana et fut habité il y a 60 000 ans par des populations venues de l'ancien continent de Sahul , aujourd'hui l'Asie. La montée des eaux au..." title="Article : AUSTRALIE" href="/encyclopedie/australie/">Australie</a>.</p><p>Les quartiers résidentiels et les faubourgs sont extrêmement étalés : la plupart des habitants de la ville vivent dans de confortables maisons entourées de beaux jardins, dont la végétation est favorisée par le climat subtropical, doux en hiver, chaud et humide en été : à la végétation tropicale s'ajoute celle des pays tempérés. La population atteignait 1,6 million d'habitants en 2005, soit près de 40 p. 100 de la population totale de l'État. L'agglomération se développe aussi bien au nord qu'au sud de la rivière Brisbane, qui est traversée par de nombreux ponts. Le « Grand Brisbane » comporte les stations côtières situées de part et d'autre de l'embouchure du fleuve (Sandgate, Manley). Les habitants de Brisbane se rendent aisément sur la Gold Coast, située à 80 kilomètres au sud-est, où ils peuvent pratiquer tous les sports nautiques (surf, natation, voile, pêche).</p><div class="clearfix"></div><p class="author"> — Alain HUETZ DE LEMPS</p><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li 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text-start" title="Carte mentale : BRISBANE" href="/carte-mentale/brisbane/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yT229393_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Géographie" href="/classification/geographie/"> Géographie </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Géographie urbaine" href="/classification/geographie/geographie-urbaine/"> Géographie urbaine </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Villes d'Océanie"> <a title="Classification : Villes d'Océanie" href="/classification/geographie/geographie-urbaine/villes-d-oceanie/"> Villes d'Océanie </a> </li> </ol> </nav> <nav aria-label="Classification 2"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Géographie" href="/classification/geographie/"> Géographie </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Géographie par pays" href="/classification/geographie/geographie-par-pays/"> Géographie par pays </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Géographie des îles d'Océanie" href="/classification/geographie/geographie-par-pays/geographie-des-iles-d-oceanie/"> Géographie des îles d'Océanie </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Australie, géographie"> <a title="Classification : Australie, géographie" href="/classification/geographie/geographie-par-pays/geographie-des-iles-d-oceanie/australie-geographie/"> Australie, géographie </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none"> <i class="anchor" id="yT229393_MEDIAS"></i> <p class="title-minor">Média</p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-12 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="AT001303" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy media-atlas" title="Média : Australie : carte administrative" href="/media/australie-carte-administrative-at001303/"> <img id="AT001303" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/b/csm_at001303_e130a02d64.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Australie : carte administrative - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Carte administrative de l'Australie." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1935" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Australie : carte administrative </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT229393_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/australie/#c30675"> <span class="rg">AUSTRALIE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Benoît ANTHEAUME</span> , <span rel="author">Jean BOISSIÈRE</span> , <span rel="author">Bastien BOSA</span> , <span rel="author">Vanessa CASTEJON</span> , <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> , <span rel="author">Harold James FRITH</span> , <span rel="author">Yves FUCHS</span> , <span rel="author">Alain HUETZ DE LEMPS</span> , <span rel="author">Isabelle MERLE</span> et <span rel="author">Xavier PONS</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">27 359 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">29 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : AUSTRALIE" href="/encyclopedie/australie/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Australie : carte physique - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/e/4/csm_at001304_66e5b2e48c.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...qui comptait 300 000 habitants de plus que Melbourne en 1967, en compte 600 000 de plus en 2004 avec ses 4 millions d'habitants. Les agglomérations de Brisbane (Queensland), dont la population a plus que doublé (1,6 million d'habitants) et celle de Perth (Australie-Occidentale) qui a presque triplé... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/queensland/"> <span class="rg">QUEENSLAND</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Alain HUETZ DE LEMPS</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">565 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 média </li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Deuxième État d'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="L'Australie, île-continent située entre l' océan Pacifique sud et l' océan Indien , ne compte que 22 millions d'habitants (2010) sur un territoire de 7 682 300 kilomètres carrés. Le territoire australien est une partie de l'ancien Gondwana et fut habité il y a 60 000 ans par des populations venues de l'ancien continent de Sahul , aujourd'hui l'Asie. La montée des eaux au..." title="Article : AUSTRALIE" href="/encyclopedie/australie/">Australie</a> par la superficie (1 727 000 km<sup>2</sup>) et troisième par la population (4 millions d'habitants en 2005), le Queensland n'a qu'une faible densité de peuplement : deux habitants environ au kilomètre carré. Les Européens se sont installés dans cette partie de l'Australie...</p> </div> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none article-indexes learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT229393_INDEXES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Voir aussi</p> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet"> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : PORT FLUVIAL" href="/index/port-fluvial/"> <span class="rg">PORT FLUVIAL</span> </a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_74169bae4d.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Crédits images Accueil" rel="nofollow" href="/credits-illustrations/">Crédits images</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire </a> de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2025 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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