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<li id="toc-Other_forms_of_pollution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_forms_of_pollution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Other forms of pollution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_forms_of_pollution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soil_erosion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soil_erosion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Soil erosion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soil_erosion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc 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.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup_rewrite plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/80px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may need to be rewritten</b> to comply with Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>, as Outdated.<span class="hide-when-compact"> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Russia&action=edit">You can help</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Talk:Environmental_issues_in_Russia" title="Talk:Environmental issues in Russia">talk page</a> may contain suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Environmental issues in Russia</b> include pollution and erosion, and have impacts on people, <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Russia" title="Wildlife of Russia">wildlife</a> and <a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Russia" title="Environment of Russia">ecosystems</a>. </p><p>Many of the issues have been attributed to policies that were made during the early <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, at a time when many officials felt that <a href="/wiki/Pollution_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Pollution control">pollution control</a> was an unnecessary hindrance to economic development and <a href="/wiki/Industrialisation" title="Industrialisation">industrialization</a>, and, even though numerous attempts were made by the Soviet government to alleviate the situation in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, the problems were not completely solved.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1990s, 40% of Russia's territory began demonstrating symptoms of significant ecological stress, largely due to a diverse number of environmental issues, including <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Russia" title="Energy in Russia">energy</a> irresponsibility, <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear waste">nuclear waste</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Countrystudies_environment_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Countrystudies_environment-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Russia's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_and_Environment_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)">Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment</a>, Russia is currently warming 2.5 times faster than the rest of the globe.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berlin_Tierpark_Friedrichsfelde_12-2015_img23_Siberian_tiger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a Siberian tiger." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Berlin_Tierpark_Friedrichsfelde_12-2015_img23_Siberian_tiger.jpg/280px-Berlin_Tierpark_Friedrichsfelde_12-2015_img23_Siberian_tiger.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="420" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Berlin_Tierpark_Friedrichsfelde_12-2015_img23_Siberian_tiger.jpg/420px-Berlin_Tierpark_Friedrichsfelde_12-2015_img23_Siberian_tiger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Berlin_Tierpark_Friedrichsfelde_12-2015_img23_Siberian_tiger.jpg/560px-Berlin_Tierpark_Friedrichsfelde_12-2015_img23_Siberian_tiger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2845" data-file-height="4268" /></a><figcaption>Several species, such as the <a href="/wiki/Siberian_tiger" title="Siberian tiger">Siberian tiger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amur_leopard" title="Amur leopard">Amur leopard</a>, are at risk of extinction.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wildlife">Wildlife</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Russia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Wildlife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Russia#Poaching" title="Crime in Russia">Crime in Russia § Poaching</a></div> <p>Russia has many <a href="/wiki/Protected_area" title="Protected area">protected areas</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Zapovednik" title="Zapovednik">zapovedniks</a> and natural parks, which are made to preserve the natural state of environments. There are currently 101 zapovedniks that cover a total of over 33.5 million hectares.<sup id="cite_ref-Wild_Russia_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wild_Russia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some animals, such as the <a href="/wiki/Siberian_tiger" title="Siberian tiger">Amur tiger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">polar bear</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Persian_leopard" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian leopard">Caucasian leopard</a>, are facing <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinction</a>. The Russian government is attempting to revive those populations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A tiger summit was held in St. Petersburg in 2010 to discuss how to save the dwindling tiger population, which is threatened by deforestation and <a href="/wiki/Poaching_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Poaching in Russia">poaching in Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Post_Tiger_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Post_Tiger-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deforestation_and_logging">Deforestation and logging<span class="anchor" id="Deforestation_in_Russia"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Russia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Deforestation and logging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Russia" title="Forestry in Russia">Forestry in Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_by_continent#Russia" title="Deforestation by continent">Deforestation in Russia</a></div> <p>Excessive <a href="/wiki/Logging" title="Logging">logging</a> is causing the widespread <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> of certain areas of Russia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2012)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Despite efforts of Russian authorities to preserve forests using <a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">nature reserves</a> and parks, funding for <a href="/wiki/Park_ranger" title="Park ranger">park rangers</a> is lacking, limiting the protection of forests.<sup id="cite_ref-NN_Environment_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NN_Environment-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Illegal_logging" title="Illegal logging">Illegal logging</a> is also widespread, especially in the north-west and in the Far East parts of Russia. It is estimated that Russia loses $1 billion every year due to illegal logging.<sup id="cite_ref-Illegal_logging_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Illegal_logging-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Center_for_Russian_Environmental_Policy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Center for Russian Environmental Policy (page does not exist)">Center for Russian Environmental Policy</a>, 16 million hectares of forest are lost each year to a variety of causes, including logging, pollution, and fires. Inefficient logging and <a href="/wiki/Clearcutting" title="Clearcutting">clearcutting</a> strategies result in 40% of harvested trees never being used, and the implementation of <a href="/wiki/Forest_protection" title="Forest protection">forest protection</a> policies has been slow.<sup id="cite_ref-Countrystudies_environment_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Countrystudies_environment-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Russia had a 2018 <a href="/wiki/Forest_Landscape_Integrity_Index" title="Forest Landscape Integrity Index">Forest Landscape Integrity Index</a> mean score of 9.02/10, ranking it 10th globally out of 172 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FLII-Supplementary_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Energy">Energy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Russia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Russia" title="Energy in Russia">Energy in Russia</a></div> <p>Up to its collapse in 1991, the Soviet Union generated 1.5 times as much pollution per unit of GNP as the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Efficient_energy_use" title="Efficient energy use">Inefficient energy usage</a> and the use of <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuels</a> is another environmental issue that Russia faces. The Ministry of Energy stated that upgrading energy sector equipment could cut <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">carbon emissions</a> by 25%, and the Energy Research Institute predicts that such measures could save up to $1 billion of fuel every year.<sup id="cite_ref-Environmental_Outlook_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Environmental_Outlook-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 68% of <a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Russia" title="Energy policy of Russia">Russia's energy</a> is produced by polluting fossil fuels, and it is a large producer of those fuels.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pollution">Pollution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Russia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pollution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bajkal%27sk_paper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of the Baykalsk Pulp and Paper Mill." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bajkal%27sk_paper.jpg/280px-Bajkal%27sk_paper.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bajkal%27sk_paper.jpg/420px-Bajkal%27sk_paper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bajkal%27sk_paper.jpg/560px-Bajkal%27sk_paper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Factories, such as the <a href="/wiki/Baykalsk" title="Baykalsk">Baykalsk</a> Pulp and Paper Mill, have contributed significantly to water pollution in Russia.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_pollution">Air pollution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Russia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Air pollution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup_rewrite plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/80px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may need to be rewritten</b> to comply with Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Russia&action=edit">You can help</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Talk:Environmental_issues_in_Russia" title="Talk:Environmental issues in Russia">talk page</a> may contain suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg" title="Yekaterinburg">Yekaterinburg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a>, as well as other major industrial and population centers, have the highest concentrations of air pollution.<sup id="cite_ref-Countrystudies_environment_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Countrystudies_environment-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall, over 200 cities in Russia exceed pollution limits, and this is increasing as more vehicles appear on the roads.<sup id="cite_ref-Environmental_Outlook_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Environmental_Outlook-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the 1990s, most air pollution came from industries. When industrial production declined, emissions of air pollutants from those sources also declined, although the amount of motor vehicles on the roads skyrocketed. Currently, vehicle emissions exceed industry emissions in most Russian cities.<sup id="cite_ref-TED_Air_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TED_Air-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Air pollution is attributed to 17% of childhood and 10% of adult diseases, as well as 41% of <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_disease" title="Respiratory disease">respiratory</a> and 16% of <a href="/wiki/Endocrine_disease" title="Endocrine disease">endocrine diseases</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Environmental_Outlook_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Environmental_Outlook-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TED_Air_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TED_Air-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_pollution">Water pollution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Russia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Water pollution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Russia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Russia">Water supply and sanitation in Russia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup_rewrite plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/80px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may need to be rewritten</b> to comply with Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Russia&action=edit">You can help</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Talk:Environmental_issues_in_Russia" title="Talk:Environmental issues in Russia">talk page</a> may contain suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">Water pollution</a> is a serious problem in Russia, and 75% of <a href="/wiki/Surface_water" title="Surface water">surface water</a>, and 50% of all water in Russia is now polluted.<sup id="cite_ref-Countrystudies_environment_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Countrystudies_environment-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Towards the end of the Soviet era the government increasingly recognized the need to take care of the <a href="/wiki/Spawning_site" class="mw-redirect" title="Spawning site">spawning sites</a> and habitats of fish, in order to return <a href="/wiki/Fish_catch" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish catch">fish catches</a> to what they had been.<sup id="cite_ref-Astakhov-Khaitun-Subbotin-1989_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astakhov-Khaitun-Subbotin-1989-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has caused health issues in many cities as well as in the countryside, as only 8% of <a href="/wiki/Wastewater" title="Wastewater">wastewater</a> is fully treated before being returned to waterways. Obsolete and inefficient <a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment" title="Sewage treatment">water treatment facilities</a>, as well as a lack of funding, have caused heavy pollution, and has also resulted in waterborne disease spread, such as an outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> spread by the <a href="/wiki/Moskva_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Moskva River">Moskva River</a> in 1995. <a href="/wiki/Industrial_waste" title="Industrial waste">Industrial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chemical_waste" title="Chemical waste">chemical waste</a> is often dumped into waterways, including <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide" title="Hydrogen sulfide">hydrogen sulfide</a>, which has been linked to the large-scale death of fish in the Black and Caspian seas. <a href="/wiki/Lake_Baikal#Environmental_concerns" title="Lake Baikal">Lake Baikal</a> was previously a target of environmental pollution from paper plants, but cleanup efforts since then have greatly reduced the ecological strain on the lake.<sup id="cite_ref-Countrystudies_environment_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Countrystudies_environment-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Satellite_image_map_of_Mayak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A satellite view of Lake Karachay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Satellite_image_map_of_Mayak.jpg/280px-Satellite_image_map_of_Mayak.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Satellite_image_map_of_Mayak.jpg/420px-Satellite_image_map_of_Mayak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Satellite_image_map_of_Mayak.jpg/560px-Satellite_image_map_of_Mayak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1448" data-file-height="922" /></a><figcaption>Unsafe dumping of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear waste">nuclear waste</a> has contributed to <a href="/wiki/Pollution_of_Lake_Karachay" title="Pollution of Lake Karachay">radioactive contamination</a> of local environments, such as the area around <a href="/wiki/Lake_Karachay" title="Lake Karachay">Lake Karachay</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Unsafe dumping methods have been used sometimes to get rid of military <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_waste" title="Radioactive waste">nuclear waste</a>, which was dumped into the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan" title="Sea of Japan">Sea of Japan</a> until 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-NN_Environment_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NN_Environment-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The testing and production of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a> also affected the environment, such as at the <a href="/wiki/Mayak" title="Mayak">Mayak</a> atomic weapons production plant near <a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk" title="Chelyabinsk">Chelyabinsk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NN_Environment_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NN_Environment-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radioactive_Waste">Radioactive Waste</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Russia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Radioactive Waste"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_waste" title="Radioactive waste">Radioactive waste</a> can be described as high-level waste or low-level waste. <a href="/wiki/High-level_waste" title="High-level waste">High-level waste</a> is what can be seen as the waste from the use of nuclear fuel which is typically stored at the site of the nuclear power plant is it produced from. This can also include the waste produced by the mining of <a href="/wiki/Uranium_mining" title="Uranium mining">uranium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thorium-based_nuclear_power" title="Thorium-based nuclear power">thorium</a> both of which are key components for the usage of nuclear fuel. <a href="/wiki/Low-level_waste" title="Low-level waste">Low-level waste</a> consists of things that have come in contact with radioactive waste such as packaging, clothing, and other similar materials found on site. The main difference between the two categories is the level of radioactivity one would be exposed to when coming into contact with these materials. According to the <a href="/wiki/World_Nuclear_Association" title="World Nuclear Association">World Nuclear Association</a>, low-level waste is no more than four giga-becquerels per tonne of alpha activity or twelve giga-becquerels per tonne of gamma-beta activity.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An example of the effects of radioactive waste can be seen in the construction of the SouthEast Chord highway. Since 2018, Moscow's Department for Transportation and Construction has attempted to create an eight-lane highway over what is now an inactive <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant" title="Nuclear power plant">nuclear plant</a>. The Moscow Polymetal Plant, owned by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rosatom.ru/en/index.html">Rosatom State Energy Corporation</a>, was shut down over 50 years ago and is said to still contain harmful nuclear waste resulting in it being labeled a radioactive site. Its main purpose was for the extraction and production of uranium and thorium resulting in high levels of radiation in the surrounding area (reported by the environmental justice organization <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a>). The Government of Moscow and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radon.ru/eng/">Radon State Unitary Enterprise</a>, both responsible for the management of radioactive waste, have claimed that appropriate measures of decontamination have taken place in order for construction of the highway to commence.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main conflict associated with the SouthEast Chord project is nuclear waste storage and its harmful effects to human health and the surrounding environment making this site unsafe for the usage of a highway. According to the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Center for Disease Control and Prevention</a> and their article on the effects of radiation on the human cause, radioactive waste can directly damage the structure of one's DNA as well as major organs. This alteration of DNA can leave victims at high risk of cancer or even death. Ultimately, this all depends on the radiation dosage and, in this case, how frequently a civilian were to drive on this portion of the SouthEast Chord. The main contaminants highlighted are the extraction of uranium and production of thorium for the purpose of nuclear reactors.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_forms_of_pollution">Other forms of pollution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Russia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other forms of pollution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Dzerzhinsk,_Russia#Pollution" title="Dzerzhinsk, Russia">Dzerzhinsk, Russia § Pollution</a>; <a href="/wiki/Norilsk#Pollution" title="Norilsk">Norilsk § Pollution</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pollution_of_Lake_Karachay" title="Pollution of Lake Karachay">Pollution of Lake Karachay</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Kyshtym_disaster" title="Kyshtym disaster">Kyshtym disaster</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Russia&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soil_erosion">Soil erosion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Russia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Soil erosion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Snow run-off has caused substantial <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a> in pastures and croplands in northern Russia, particularly near the <a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Ural Mountains</a>. In parts of southern Russia, <a href="/wiki/Overgrazing" title="Overgrazing">overgrazing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> has resulted in large plots of bare soil which are highly susceptible to wind erosion.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Russia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Greenpeace+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.atitle=Greenpeace+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D1%83+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B2+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgreenpeace.ru%2Fnews%2F2019%2F07%2F11%2Fgreenpeace-trebuet-ostanovit-stroitelstvo-u-mogilnika-radioaktivnyh-othodov-v-moskve%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnvironmental+issues+in+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-moscow-nuclear-radiation-chernobyl-highway-moscow-a9171991.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Everything is very bad': Locals fear radiation spikes as Moscow plans new highway across nuclear waste dump"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 2019-10-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=Health+Effects+of+Radiation&rft.date=2021-08-09&rft.au=CDC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnceh%2Fradiation%2Fhealth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnvironmental+issues+in+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCDC2022" class="citation web cs1">CDC (2022-08-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/about/index.html">"About CDC"</a>. <i>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.atitle=About+CDC&rft.date=2022-08-31&rft.au=CDC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fabout%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnvironmental+issues+in+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederick_R._TroehJ._Arthur_HobbsRoy_L._Donahue2003" class="citation book cs1">Frederick R. Troeh; J. Arthur Hobbs & Roy L. Donahue (2003). <i>Soil and Water Conservation for Productivity and Environmental Protection</i> (4th ed.). Prentice Hall. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0130968074" title="Special:BookSources/978-0130968074"><bdi>978-0130968074</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soil+and+Water+Conservation+for+Productivity+and+Environmental+Protection&rft.pages=31&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0130968074&rft.au=Frederick+R.+Troeh&rft.au=J.+Arthur+Hobbs&rft.au=Roy+L.+Donahue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnvironmental+issues+in+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <p>Center for Russian Nature Conservation. Retrieved 2011-02-22. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Russia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShahgedanovaBurt1994" class="citation journal cs1">Shahgedanova, Maria; Burt, Timothy P (September 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0959378094900035">"New data on air pollution in the former Soviet Union"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Global_Environmental_Change" title="Global Environmental Change">Global Environmental Change</a></i>. <b>4</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">201–</span>227. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994GEC.....4..201S">1994GEC.....4..201S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0959-3780%2894%2990003-5">10.1016/0959-3780(94)90003-5</a>.</cite><span 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_history" title="Timeline of Russian history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans">Proto-Indo-Europeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Slavs" title="Early Slavs">Early Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Slavs" title="East Slavs">East Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'">Mongol invasion</a></li> <li>Feudal Rus' <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Republic" title="Novgorod Republic">Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir-Suzdal" title="Vladimir-Suzdal">Vladimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Moscow" title="Principality of Moscow">Moscow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_of_Russia_(1500%E2%80%931800)" title="Expansion of Russia (1500–1800)">Expansion (1500–1800)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Army of the Tsardom of Russia">Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic" title="Russian Republic">Russian Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian state">Russian state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Great Patriotic War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia_(1991%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Russia (1991–present)">Russian Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_State" title="Union State">Union State</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Economic history of the Russian Federation">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russian_journalism" title="History of Russian journalism">Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia" title="History of the Jews in Russia">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Internet_in_Russia" title="History of the Internet in Russia">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Judicial system of the Russian Empire">Judicial system of the Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Russia">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Russia" title="Military history of Russia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Russia" title="Outline of Russia">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Russia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Russia">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_city_of_Russia" title="Historical city of Russia">Historical cities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Russia" title="Geography of Russia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_Russia" title="Borders of Russia">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Russia" title="List of cities and towns in Russia">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Russia" title="Climate of Russia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Russia" title="List of earthquakes in Russia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Russia" title="Environment of Russia">Environment</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of Russia">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">European Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Russian_Upland" title="Central Russian Upland">Central Russian Upland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Russia" title="Northwest Russia">Northwest Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meshchera_Lowlands" title="Meshchera Lowlands">Meshchera Lowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oka%E2%80%93Don_Lowland" title="Oka–Don Lowland">Oka–Don Lowland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_Upland" title="Smolensk Upland">Smolensk Upland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fjords_of_Russia" title="List of fjords of Russia">Fjords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Russia" title="Geology of Russia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_in_Russia" title="List of glaciers in Russia">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Russian_Regions" title="Great Russian Regions">Great Russian Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_points_of_Russian_federal_subjects" title="List of highest points of Russian federal subjects">Highest points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Russia" title="List of islands of Russia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Russia" title="List of lakes of Russia">Lakes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mountains of Russia">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Mountains" title="Caucasus Mountains">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Urals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Russia" title="List of volcanoes in Russia">Volcanoes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">North Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Siberian_Plain" title="West Siberian Plain">West Siberian Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Russia" title="List of rivers of Russia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Russia" title="Protected areas of Russia">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Russia" title="Wildlife of Russia">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_North_(Russia)" title="Far North (Russia)">Far North</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Russia" title="Politics of Russia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Russia" title="Anarchism in Russia">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Russia" title="Capital punishment in Russia">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Civil Service of the Russian Federation">Civil Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classified_information_in_Russia" title="Classified information in Russia">Classified information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Russia" title="Conscription in Russia">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Russia" title="Constitution of Russia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Code_of_Russia" title="Criminal Code of Russia">Criminal code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Russia" title="Elections in Russia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Russia" title="Far-right politics in Russia">Far-right politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_budget_of_Russia" title="Federal budget of Russia">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia" title="Foreign relations of Russia">Foreign relations</a> (<a href="/wiki/Foreign_Relations_of_Russia_since_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly_in_Russia" title="Freedom of assembly in Russia">Freedom of assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Government</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apparatus_of_the_Government_of_Russia" title="Apparatus of the Government of Russia">Apparatus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Russia" title="Judiciary of Russia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Russia" title="Law of Russia">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Russia" title="Law enforcement in Russia">Law enforcement</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_Russia" title="Prisons in Russia">Prisons</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_abuse_of_psychiatry_in_Russia" title="Political abuse of psychiatry in Russia">Political abuse of psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Russia" title="Political divisions of Russia">Political divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda in Russia">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Russia" title="Liberalism in Russia">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Russia" title="Conservatism in Russia">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Russia" title="Martial law in Russia">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Russia" title="Monarchism in Russia">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_freedom_in_Russia" title="Media freedom in Russia">Media freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism_in_Russia" title="Neo-Nazism in Russia">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_agencies_of_Russia" title="Intelligence agencies of Russia">Intelligence agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian opposition">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties in Russia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Prime Minister of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency_in_Russia" title="State of emergency in Russia">State of emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_defense_in_Russia" title="Civil defense in Russia">Civil defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_and_rescue_in_Russia" title="Search and rescue in Russia">Search and rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning_in_Russia" title="Urban planning in Russia">Urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance_in_Russia" title="Mass surveillance in Russia">Mass surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatism_in_Russia" title="Separatism in Russia">Separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Term_limits_in_Russia" title="Term limits in Russia">Term limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Russia" title="Terrorism in Russia">Terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Russia" title="Economy of Russia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Russia" title="Agriculture in Russia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_industry_of_Russia" title="Aircraft industry of Russia">Aircraft industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Russia" title="Banking in Russia">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droughts_and_famines_in_Russia_and_the_Soviet_Union" title="Droughts and famines in Russia and the Soviet Union">Droughts and famines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Russia" title="Automotive industry in Russia">Car industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Russia" title="Central Bank of Russia">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_industry_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense industry of Russia">Defence industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_regions_of_Russia" title="Economic regions of Russia">Economic regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Russia" title="Energy in Russia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Russia" title="Fishing industry in Russia">Fishing industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Russia" title="Forestry in Russia">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Financial_districts_in_Russia" title="Category:Financial districts in Russia">Financial districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Russia" title="Gambling in Russia">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Russia" title="Homelessness in Russia">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Russia" title="Mining industry of Russia">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Russia" title="Petroleum industry in Russia">Petroleum industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Russia" title="Postal codes in Russia">Postal codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_oligarchs" title="Russian oligarchs">Russian oligarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Ruble <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Russia" title="Science and technology in Russia">Science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Academy of Sciences</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding_in_Russia" title="Shipbuilding in Russia">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_system_in_Russia" title="Social security system in Russia">Social security system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_industry_of_Russia" title="Space industry of Russia">Space industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Russia" title="Taxation in Russia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Russia" title="Telecommunications in Russia">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Russia" title="Telephone numbers in Russia">Telephone numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Russia" title="Tourism in Russia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Russia" title="List of trade unions in Russia">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Russia" title="Transport in Russia">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Russia" title="Waste management in Russia">Waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Russia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Russia">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Russia" title="Category:Society of Russia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Russia" title="Abortion in Russia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Russia" title="Alcohol in Russia">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-American_sentiment_in_Russia" title="Anti-American sentiment in Russia">Anti-American sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Russia" title="Cannabis in Russia">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in the Russian Federation">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of Russia">Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Russia" title="Corruption in Russia">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Russia" title="Crime in Russia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deafness_in_Russia" title="Deafness in Russia">Deafness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Russia" title="Demographics of Russia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence_in_Russia" title="Domestic violence in Russia">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doping_in_Russia" title="Doping in Russia">Doping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Russia" title="Education in Russia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Russia" title="Ethnic groups in Russia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Russia" title="Feminism in Russia">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_public_apologies_in_Russia" title="Forced public apologies in Russia">Forced public apologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funerals_in_Russia" title="Funerals in Russia">Funerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_control_in_Russia" title="Gun control in Russia">Gun control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Russia" title="Health in Russia">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Russia" title="Healthcare in Russia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Russia" title="HIV/AIDS in Russia">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_in_Russia" title="Mental health in Russia">Mental health</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Russia" title="Human rights in Russia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia" title="LGBTQ rights in Russia">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Russia" title="Immigration to Russia">Immigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_Russia" title="Illegal immigration to Russia">Illegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migrant_workers_in_Russia" title="Migrant workers in Russia">Labour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Russia" title="Languages of Russia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia_by_life_expectancy" title="List of federal subjects of Russia by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Russia" title="Open access in Russia">Open access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphans_in_Russia" title="Orphans in Russia">Orphans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Russia" title="Polygamy in Russia">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Russia" title="Prostitution in Russia">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Russia" title="Racism in Russia">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Russia" title="Religion in Russia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_in_Russia" title="Scouting in Russia">Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Russia" title="Slavery in Russia">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_entrepreneurship_in_Russia" title="Social entrepreneurship in Russia">Social entrepreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_in_Russia" title="Sociology in Russia">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Russia" title="Smoking in Russia">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_Russia" title="Suicide in Russia">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_wedding_traditions" title="Russian wedding traditions">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_Russia" title="Witch trials in Russia">Witch trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Russia" title="Women in Russia">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Russian_and_Soviet_military" title="Women in the Russian and Soviet military">in army</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Russia" title="Culture of Russia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Russia" title="Architecture of Russia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Russia" title="Armorial of Russia">Armorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Culture of the Russian Armed Forces">Army culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_weapons_of_Russia" title="Honorary weapons of Russia">Honorary weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_artists" title="List of Russian artists">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ballet" title="Russian ballet">Ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_wine" title="Russian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_fashion" title="Russian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_fairy_tale" title="Russian fairy tale">Fairy tales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_fashion" title="Russian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Russia" title="Category:Festivals in Russia">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Russia">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_traditions_and_superstitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian traditions and superstitions">Traditions and superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_forms_of_addressing" title="Russian forms of addressing">Forms of addressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti_in_Russia" title="Graffiti in Russia">Graffiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_heraldry" title="Russian heraldry">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Russia" title="Internet in Russia">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_innovation" title="Timeline of Russian innovation">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_literature" title="Russian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_martial_arts" title="Russian martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Russia" title="Mass media in Russia">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Russia" title="Music of Russia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Rus%CA%B9,_Russia_and_Ruthenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Names of Rusʹ, Russia and Ruthenia">Names of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_given_name" title="Russian given name">Russian given name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_nobility" title="Russian nobility">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Russia" title="National symbols of Russia">National symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Russia" title="National anthem of Russia">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Russia" title="Coat of arms of Russia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Russia" title="Flag of Russia">Flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_the_Russian_tsars" title="Regalia of the Russian tsars">Russian tsars regalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_opera" title="Russian opera">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personification_of_Russia" title="Personification of Russia">Personification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_playing_cards" title="Russian playing cards">Playing cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_philosophers" title="List of Russian philosophers">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_political_jokes" title="Russian political jokes">Political jokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Russia" title="Public holidays in Russia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_tea_culture" title="Russian tea culture">Tea culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Russia" title="Television in Russia">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_Russia" title="Seven Wonders of Russia">Seven Wonders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Russia" title="Sport in Russia">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Sports_Classification_System_of_Russia" title="Unified Sports Classification System of Russia">Unified Sports Classification System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Russia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Russia">World Heritage sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Russia" title="Outline of Russia">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russia" title="Category:Russia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Environmental_issues_in_Asia419" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Environmental_issues_in_Asia419" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Environmental issues in Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Afghanistan" title="Environmental issues in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Azerbaijan" title="Environmental issues in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Bangladesh" title="Environmental issues in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Bhutan" title="Environmental issues in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Brunei" title="Environmental issues in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_China" title="Environmental issues in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Egypt" title="Environmental issues in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Environmental issues in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_India" title="Environmental issues in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Indonesia" title="Environmental issues in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Iran" title="Environmental issues in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Iraq" title="Environmental issues in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Israel" title="Environmental issues in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Japan" title="Environmental issues in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Jordan" title="Environmental issues in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Kazakhstan" title="Environmental issues in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Kuwait" title="Environmental issues in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Environmental issues in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Laos" title="Environmental issues in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Malaysia" title="Environmental issues in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Mongolia" title="Environmental issues in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Myanmar" title="Environmental issues in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Nepal" title="Environmental issues in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Pakistan" title="Environmental issues in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_Philippines" title="Environmental issues in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Qatar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Qatar (page does not exist)">Qatar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Singapore" title="Environmental issues in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Environmental issues in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Syria" title="Environmental issues in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Tajikistan" title="Environmental issues in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Thailand" title="Environmental issues in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Timor-Leste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Timor-Leste (page does not exist)">Timor-Leste (East Timor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Turkey" title="Environmental issues in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Turkmenistan" title="Environmental issues in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Environmental issues in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Vietnam" title="Environmental issues in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Yemen" title="Environmental issues in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Hong Kong (page does not exist)">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Macau (page does not exist)">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Environmental_issues_in_Europe130" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Environmental_issues_in_Europe" title="Template:Environmental issues in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Environmental_issues_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Environmental issues in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Environmental_issues_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Environmental issues in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Environmental_issues_in_Europe130" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Environmental issues in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Albania" title="Environmental issues in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Azerbaijan" title="Environmental issues in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Bulgaria" title="Environmental issues in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Finland" title="Environmental issues in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Environmental issues in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Greece" title="Environmental issues in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Iceland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Iceland (page does not exist)">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in the Republic of Ireland (page does not exist)">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Kazakhstan" title="Environmental issues in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Luxembourg (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_North_Macedonia" title="Environmental issues in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Serbia" title="Environmental issues in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Slovakia (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Turkey" title="Environmental issues in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Environmental issues in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Kosovo (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_the_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_issues_in_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental issues in Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_European_Union" title="Environmental issues in the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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