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href=https://gdpr.eu/category/news-updates/ >News & Updates</a></li></ul></nav></div></nav></header><div id=main><div id=primary class="content-area one-column"><div id=content class=site-content><div id=primary class="content-area one-column"><div class=post-main-box><div class="container section-row"><div class=post-detail-box><div class="container "><h1><p>General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)</p></h1><div class=row><div class="col-lg-4 d-none d-xl-block"><div id=sidebar class=gdpr><section><h5><span class="d-lg-inline-block d-md-none">GDPR </span>Table of contents</h5><div class=search-box><form role=search method=get class=search-form action=https://gdpr.eu/ > <input type=search id=search-form-67474c3a644ab class=textbox placeholder="Search GDPR..." value name=s> <input type=hidden name=tag value=GDPR> <button type=submit class=button><i class=icon-search></i></button></form></div><ul><li tag-id=10 class=chapter> <span> Chapter 1 (Art. 1 – 4) <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-1/ ><strong><p>General provisions</p> </strong></a> <em></em> </span><ul><li data-id=5141><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-1-subject-matter-and-objectives-overview/ >Art. 1 GDPR – Subject-matter and objectives</a></li><li data-id=5146><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-2-processing-personal-data-by-automated-means-or-by-filling-system/ >Art. 2 GDPR – Material scope</a></li><li data-id=5151><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-3-requirements-of-handling-personal-data-of-subjects-in-the-union/ >Art. 3 GDPR – Territorial scope</a></li><li data-id=5156><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-4-definitions/ >Art. 4 GDPR – Definitions</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul><li tag-id=12 class=chapter> <span> Chapter 2 (Art. 5-11) <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-2/ ><strong><p>Principles</p> </strong></a> <em></em> </span><ul><li data-id=5161><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-5-how-to-process-personal-data/ >Art. 5 GDPR – Principles relating to processing of personal data</a></li><li data-id=5166><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-6-how-to-process-personal-data-legally/ >Art. 6 GDPR – Lawfulness of processing</a></li><li data-id=5171><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-7-how-to-get-consent-to-collect-personal-data/ >Art. 7 GDPR – Conditions for consent</a></li><li data-id=5176><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-8-childs-consent/ >Art. 8 GDPR – Conditions applicable to child’s consent in relation to information society services</a></li><li data-id=5181><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-9-processing-special-categories-of-personal-data-prohibited/ >Art. 9 GDPR – Processing of special categories of personal data</a></li><li data-id=5186><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-10-personal-data-relating-to-criminal-convictions-and-offences/ >Art. 10 GDPR – Processing of personal data relating to criminal convictions and offences</a></li><li data-id=5191><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-11-what-personal-data-can-a-controller-process-without-identification/ >Art. 11 GDPR – Processing which does not require identification</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul><li tag-id=13 class=chapter> <span> Chapter 3 (Art. 12-23) <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-3/ ><strong><p>Rights of the data subject</p> </strong></a> <em></em> </span><ul><li data-id=5196><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-12-how-controllers-should-provide-personal-data-to-the-subject/ >Art. 12 GDPR – Transparent information, communication and modalities for the exercise of the rights of the data subject</a></li><li data-id=5201><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-13-personal-data-collected/ >Art. 13 GDPR – Information to be provided where personal data are collected from the data subject</a></li><li data-id=5206><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-14-personal-data-not-obtained-from-data-subject/ >Art. 14 GDPR – Information to be provided where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject</a></li><li data-id=5211><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-15-right-of-access/ >Art. 15 GDPR – Right of access by the data subject</a></li><li data-id=5216><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-16-right-to-rectification/ >Art. 16 GDPR – Right to rectification</a></li><li data-id=5221><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-17-right-to-be-forgotten/ >Art. 17 GDPR – Right to erasure (‘right to be forgotten’)</a></li><li data-id=5226><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-18-right-to-restriction-of-processing/ >Art. 18 GDPR – Right to restriction of processing</a></li><li data-id=5231><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-19-notification-obligation/ >Art. 19 GDPR – Notification obligation regarding rectification or erasure of personal data or restriction of processing</a></li><li data-id=5236><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-20-right-to-data-portability/ >Art. 20 GDPR – Right to data portability</a></li><li data-id=5241><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-21-right-to-object/ >Art. 21 GDPR – Right to object</a></li><li data-id=5246><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-22-automated-individual-decision-making/ >Art. 22 GDPR – Automated individual decision-making, including profiling</a></li><li data-id=5251><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-23-restrictions/ >Art. 23 GDPR – Restrictions</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul><li tag-id=14 class=chapter> <span> Chapter 4 (Art. 24-43) <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-4/ ><strong><p>Controller and processor</p> </strong></a> <em></em> </span><ul><li data-id=5256><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-24-responsibility-of-the-data-controller/ >Art. 24 GDPR – Responsibility of the controller</a></li><li data-id=5261><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-25-data-protection-by-design/ >Art. 25 GDPR – Data protection by design and by default</a></li><li data-id=5266><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-26-joint-controllers/ >Art. 26 GDPR – Joint controllers</a></li><li data-id=5271><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-27-representatives-of-controllers-not-in-union/ >Art. 27 GDPR – Representatives of controllers or processors not established in the Union</a></li><li data-id=5276><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-28-processor/ >Art. 28 GDPR – Processor</a></li><li data-id=5281><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-29-processing-under-controller-or-processor/ >Art. 29 GDPR – Processing under the authority of the controller or processor</a></li><li data-id=5286><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-30-records-of-processing-activities/ >Art. 30 GDPR – Records of processing activities</a></li><li data-id=5291><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-31-supervisory-authority/ >Art. 31 GDPR – Cooperation with the supervisory authority</a></li><li data-id=5296><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-32-security-of-processing/ >Art. 32 GDPR – Security of processing</a></li><li data-id=5301><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-33-notification-of-a-personal-data-breach/ >Art. 33 GDPR – Notification of a personal data breach to the supervisory authority</a></li><li data-id=5306><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-34-communication-of-a-personal-data-breach/ >Art. 34 GDPR – Communication of a personal data breach to the data subject</a></li><li data-id=5311><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-35-impact-assessment/ >Art. 35 GDPR – Data protection impact assessment</a></li><li data-id=5316><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-36-supervisory-authority-consultation/ >Art. 36 GDPR – Prior consultation</a></li><li data-id=5321><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-37-designation-of-the-data-protection-officer/ >Art. 37 GDPR – Designation of the data protection officer</a></li><li data-id=5326><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-38-data-protection-officer/ >Art. 38 GDPR – Position of the data protection officer</a></li><li data-id=5331><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-39-tasks-of-the-data-protection-officer/ >Art. 39 GDPR – Tasks of the data protection officer</a></li><li data-id=5336><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-40-proper-application-of-the-regulation/ >Art. 40 GDPR – Codes of conduct</a></li><li data-id=5341><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-41-approved-code-of-conduct/ >Art. 41 GDPR – Monitoring of approved codes of conduct</a></li><li data-id=5346><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-42-data-protection-certification/ >Art. 42 GDPR – Certification</a></li><li data-id=5351><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-43-certification-bodies/ >Art. 43 GDPR – Certification bodies</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul><li tag-id=15 class=chapter> <span> Chapter 5 (Art. 44-50) <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-5/ ><strong><p>Transfers of personal data to third countries or international organisations</p> </strong></a> <em></em> </span><ul><li data-id=5356><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-44-transfer-of-personal-data/ >Art. 44 GDPR – General principle for transfers</a></li><li data-id=5361><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-45-adequacy-decision-personal-data-transfer/ >Art. 45 GDPR – Transfers on the basis of an adequacy decision</a></li><li data-id=5366><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-46-appropriate-safeguards-personal-data-transfers/ >Art. 46 GDPR – Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards</a></li><li data-id=5371><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-47-binding-corporate-rules/ >Art. 47 GDPR – Binding corporate rules</a></li><li data-id=5376><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-48-unauthorized-transfers-or-disclosures-of-personal-data/ >Art. 48 GDPR – Transfers or disclosures not authorised by Union law</a></li><li data-id=5381><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-49-when-can-personal-data-be-transfered/ >Art. 49 GDPR – Derogations for specific situations</a></li><li data-id=5386><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-50-countries-outside-of-europe-cooperation/ >Art. 50 GDPR – International cooperation for the protection of personal data</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul><li tag-id=16 class=chapter> <span> Chapter 6 (Art. 51-59) <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-6/ ><strong><p>Independent supervisory authorities</p> </strong></a> <em></em> </span><ul><li data-id=5391><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-51-supervisory-authority-monitoring-application-of-regulation/ >Art. 51 GDPR – Supervisory authority</a></li><li data-id=5396><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-52-supervisory-authority-independence/ >Art. 52 GDPR – Independence</a></li><li data-id=5401><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-53-conditions-of-supervisory-authority/ >Art. 53 GDPR – General conditions for the members of the supervisory authority</a></li><li data-id=5406><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-54-rules-on-the-establishment-of-supervisory-authority/ >Art. 54 GDPR – Rules on the establishment of the supervisory authority</a></li><li data-id=5411><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-55-supervisory-authority-competence/ >Art. 55 GDPR – Competence</a></li><li data-id=5416><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-56-lead-supervisory-authority-competence/ >Art. 56 GDPR – Competence of the lead supervisory authority</a></li><li data-id=5421><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-57-supervisory-authority-tasks/ >Art. 57 GDPR – Tasks</a></li><li data-id=5426><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-58-supervisory-authority-investigative-powers/ >Art. 58 GDPR – Powers</a></li><li data-id=5431><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-59-supervisory-authority-activity-reports/ >Art. 59 GDPR – Activity reports</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul><li tag-id=17 class=chapter> <span> Chapter 7 (Art. 60-76) <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-7/ ><strong><p>Cooperation and consistency</p> </strong></a> <em></em> </span><ul><li data-id=5471><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-67-exchange-of-information-between-supervisory-authorities-and-board/ >Art. 67 GDPR – Exchange of information</a></li><li data-id=5461><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-65-dispute-resolution-by-the-board/ ></a></li><li data-id=5456><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-64-opinion-issued-by-the-board/ >Art. 64 GDPR – Opinion of the Board</a></li><li data-id=5446><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-62-joint-operations-of-supervisory-authority/ >Art. 62 GDPR – Joint operations of supervisory authorities</a></li><li data-id=5441><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-61-supervisory-authority-mutual-assistance/ >Art. 61 GDPR – Mutual assistance</a></li><li data-id=5451><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-63-supervisory-authority-consistency-mechanism/ >Art. 63 GDPR – Consistency mechanism</a></li><li data-id=5466><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-66-urgent-need-determined-by-supervisory-authority/ >Art. 66 GDPR – Urgency procedure</a></li><li data-id=5436><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-60-lead-supervisory-authority-and-other-authority-cooperation/ >Art. 60 GDPR – Cooperation between the lead supervisory authority and the other supervisory authorities concerned</a></li><li data-id=5476><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-68-what-is-the-european-data-protection-board/ >Art. 68 GDPR – European Data Protection Board</a></li><li data-id=5481><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-69-data-protection-board-independence/ >Art. 69 GDPR – Independence</a></li><li data-id=5486><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-70-tasks-of-the-data-protection-board/ >Art. 70 GDPR – Tasks of the Board</a></li><li data-id=5491><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-71-data-protection-board-annual-reports/ >Art. 71 GDPR – Reports</a></li><li data-id=5496><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-72-data-protection-board-procedure-simple-majority-and-two-thirds-majority/ >Art. 72 GDPR – Procedure</a></li><li data-id=5501><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-73-data-protection-board-chair-and-deputy-chair/ >Art. 73 GDPR – Chair</a></li><li data-id=5506><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-74-tasks-of-the-data-protection-board-chair/ >Art. 74 GDPR – Tasks of the Chair</a></li><li data-id=5511><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-75-data-protection-board-secretariat/ >Art. 75 GDPR – Secretariat</a></li><li data-id=5516><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-76-data-protection-board-confidentiality/ >Art. 76 GDPR – Confidentiality</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul><li tag-id=19 class=chapter> <span> Chapter 8 (Art. 77-84) <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-8/ ><strong><p>Remedies, liability and penalties</p> </strong></a> <em></em> </span><ul><li data-id=5541><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-81-suspension-of-duplicate-proceedings/ >Art. 81 GDPR – Suspension of proceedings</a></li><li data-id=5521><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-77-data-subjects-right-to-lodge-a-complaint/ >Art. 77 GDPR – Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority</a></li><li data-id=5526><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-78-judicial-remedy-against-a-supervisory-authority/ >Art. 78 GDPR – Right to an effective judicial remedy against a supervisory authority</a></li><li data-id=5531><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-79-judicial-remedy-against-a-controller-or-processor/ >Art. 79 GDPR – Right to an effective judicial remedy against a controller or processor</a></li><li data-id=5536><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-80-representation-of-data-subjects/ >Art. 80 GDPR – Representation of data subjects</a></li><li data-id=5546><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-82-data-subjects-right-to-compensation-and-liability/ >Art. 82 GDPR – Right to compensation and liability</a></li><li data-id=5551><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-83-conditions-for-imposing-administrative-fines/ >Art. 83 GDPR – General conditions for imposing administrative fines</a></li><li data-id=5556><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-84-member-state-penalties/ >Art. 84 GDPR – Penalties</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul><li tag-id=20 class=chapter> <span> Chapter 9 (Art. 85-91) <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-9/ ><strong><p>Provisions relating to specific processing situations</p> </strong></a> <em></em> </span><ul><li data-id=5561><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-85-right-to-freedom-of-expression-and-information/ >Art. 85 GDPR – Processing and freedom of expression and information</a></li><li data-id=5566><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-86-personal-data-in-official-documents/ >Art. 86 GDPR – Processing and public access to official documents</a></li><li data-id=5571><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-87-processing-of-the-national-identification-number/ >Art. 87 GDPR – Processing of the national identification number</a></li><li data-id=5576><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-88-processing-of-employees-personal-data/ >Art. 88 GDPR – Processing in the context of employment</a></li><li data-id=5581><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-89-processing-for-archiving-purposes-scientific-or-historical-research-purposes-or-statistical-purposes/ >Art. 89 GDPR – Safeguards and derogations relating to processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes</a></li><li data-id=5586><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-90-supervisory-authority-obligations-of-secrecy/ >Art. 90 GDPR – Obligations of secrecy</a></li><li data-id=5591><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-91-data-protection-rules-of-churches-and-religious-associations/ >Art. 91 GDPR – Existing data protection rules of churches and religious associations</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul><li tag-id=21 class=chapter> <span> Chapter 10 (Art. 92-93) <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-10/ ><strong><p>Delegated acts and implementing acts</p> </strong></a> <em></em> </span><ul><li data-id=5596><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-92-the-power-to-adopt-delegated-acts/ >Art. 92 GDPR – Exercise of the delegation</a></li><li data-id=5601><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-93-committed-to-assist-the-commission/ >Art. 93 GDPR – Committee procedure</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul><li tag-id=22 class=chapter> <span> Chapter 11 (Art. 94-99) <a href=https://gdpr.eu/tag/chapter-11/ ><strong><p>Final provisions</p> </strong></a> <em></em> </span><ul><li data-id=5606><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-94-directive-95-46-ec-repealed/ >Art. 94 GDPR – Repeal of Directive 95/46/EC</a></li><li data-id=5611><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-95-publicly-available-electronic-communication/ >Art. 95 GDPR – Relationship with Directive 2002/58/EC</a></li><li data-id=5616><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-96-international-agreements/ >Art. 96 GDPR – Relationship with previously concluded Agreements</a></li><li data-id=5621><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-97-commission-reports/ >Art. 97 GDPR – Commission reports</a></li><li data-id=5626><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-98-review-of-other-acts-on-data-protection/ >Art. 98 GDPR – Review of other Union legal acts on data protection</a></li><li data-id=5631><a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-99-start-date/ >Art. 99 GDPR – Entry into force and application</a></li></ul></li></ul></section></div></div><div class="col-xl-8 col-lg-12 single-content"><div class=gdpr-article data-id=5241> <span class=tag>13</span><span class=tag>11</span><h1 class="gdpr"><em>Art. 21 GDPR </em><strong>Right to object</strong></h1><ol><li>The data subject shall have the right to object, on grounds relating to his or her particular situation, at any time to processing of personal data concerning him or her which is based on point (e) or (f) of <a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-6-how-to-process-personal-data-legally>Article 6(</a>1), including profiling based on those provisions. The controller shall no longer process the personal data unless the controller demonstrates compelling legitimate grounds for the processing which override the interests, rights and freedoms of the data subject or for the establishment, exercise or defence of legal claims.</li><li>Where personal data are processed for direct marketing purposes, the data subject shall have the right to object at any time to processing of personal data concerning him or her for such marketing, which includes profiling to the extent that it is related to such direct marketing.</li><li>Where the data subject objects to processing for direct marketing purposes, the personal data shall no longer be processed for such purposes.</li><li>At the latest at the time of the first communication with the data subject, the right referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall be explicitly brought to the attention of the data subject and shall be presented clearly and separately from any other information.</li><li>In the context of the use of information society services, and notwithstanding <a href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32002L0058" target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer">Directive 2002/58/EC</a>, the data subject may exercise his or her right to object by automated means using technical specifications.</li><li>Where personal data are processed for scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes pursuant to <a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-89-processing-for-archiving-purposes-scientific-or-historical-research-purposes-or-statistical-purposes>Article 89(</a>1), the data subject, on grounds relating to his or her particular situation, shall have the right to object to processing of personal data concerning him or her, unless the processing is necessary for the performance of a task carried out for reasons of public interest.</li></ol><div class=suitable-recitals><h2>Suitable Recitals</h2><p><br> <a href=https://gdpr.eu/Recital-69-Right-to-object>(<span class=bold-number>69</span>) Right to object</a><br> <a href=https://gdpr.eu/Recital-70-Right-to-object-to-direct-marketing>(<span class=bold-number>70</span>) Right to object to direct marketing</a></p></div><div class=page-navigation><div class=alignleft><a title="Art. 20 GDPR - Right to data portability" href=https://gdpr.eu/article-20-right-to-data-portability><span class=previous-page>←</span>Art. 20 GDPR</a></div><div class=alignright><a title="Art. 22 GDPR - Automated individual decision-making, including profiling" href=https://gdpr.eu/article-22-automated-individual-decision-making>Art. 22 GDPR<span class=next-page>→</span></a></div></div><p></p><div class=rp4wp-related-posts><h3>Related Posts</h3><ul><li><div class=rp4wp-related-post-content> <a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-18-right-to-restriction-of-processing/ >Art. 18 GDPR - Right to restriction of processing</a></div></li><li><div class=rp4wp-related-post-content> <a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-5-how-to-process-personal-data/ >Art. 5 GDPR - Principles relating to processing of personal data</a></div></li><li><div class=rp4wp-related-post-content> <a href=https://gdpr.eu/article-89-processing-for-archiving-purposes-scientific-or-historical-research-purposes-or-statistical-purposes/ >Art. 89 GDPR - Safeguards and derogations relating to processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><footer id=footer><div class=container><div class=post-author-details-box><div class=post-author-details><h6>About GDPR.EU</h6><p> </p><p>GDPR.EU is a website operated by Proton Technologies AG, which is co-funded by Project REP-791727-1 of the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union. 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