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class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>极地点探险</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-极地点探险-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-战略重要性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#战略重要性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>战略重要性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-战略重要性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地方自治" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地方自治"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>地方自治</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地方自治-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">格陵兰历史</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。31种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="تاريخ جرينلاند – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تاريخ جرينلاند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Гісторыя Грэнландыі – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гісторыя Грэнландыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="История на Гренландия – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="История на Гренландия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="গ্রিনল্যান্ডের ইতিহাস – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রিনল্যান্ডের ইতিহাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_de_Groenl%C3%A0ndia" title="Història de Groenlàndia – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Història de Groenlàndia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nlands_historie" title="Grønlands historie – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grønlands historie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschichte_Gr%C3%B6nlands" title="Geschichte Grönlands – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geschichte Grönlands" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Greenland" title="History of Greenland – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="History of Greenland" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historio_de_Gronlando" title="Historio de Gronlando – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Historio de Gronlando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_Groenlandia" title="Historia de Groenlandia – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Historia de Groenlandia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="تاریخ گرینلند – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاریخ گرینلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_du_Groenland" title="Histoire du Groenland – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Histoire du Groenland" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_Groenlandia" title="Historia de Groenlandia – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Historia de Groenlandia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="היסטוריה של גרינלנד – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היסטוריה של גרינלנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6nland_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9nelme" title="Grönland történelme – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Grönland történelme" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գրենլանդիայի պատմություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրենլանդիայի պատմություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Greenland" title="Sejarah Greenland – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sejarah Greenland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia_della_Groenlandia" title="Storia della Groenlandia – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Storia della Groenlandia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2" title="グリーンランドの歴史 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グリーンランドの歴史" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenlandijos_istorija" title="Grenlandijos istorija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Grenlandijos istorija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Groenland" title="Geschiedenis van Groenland – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geschiedenis van Groenland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nlands_historie" title="Grønlands historie – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grønlands historie" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Grenlandii" title="Historia Grenlandii – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Historia Grenlandii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_da_Groenl%C3%A2ndia" title="História da Groenlândia – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="História da Groenlândia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="История Гренландии – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="История Гренландии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historija_Grenlanda" title="Historija Grenlanda – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Historija Grenlanda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Историја Гренланда – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Историја Гренланда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6nlands_historia" title="Grönlands historia – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grönlands historia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6nland_tarihi" title="Grönland tarihi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Grönland tarihi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%97" title="Історія Гренландії – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Історія Гренландії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="格陵兰历史 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="格陵兰历史" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q756836#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="关于此页面的讨论（页面不存在）[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" 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class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&oldid=82407987" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&id=82407987&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E9%2599%25B5%25E5%2585%25B0%25E5%258E%2586%25E5%258F%25B2"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E9%2599%25B5%25E5%2585%25B0%25E5%258E%2586%25E5%258F%25B2"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:History_of_Greenland" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q756836" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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.ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox 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.ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>没有列出任何<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">参考或来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年4月27日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>維基百科所有的內容都應該<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">可供查證</a>。请协助補充<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>。无法查证的內容可能會因為異議提出而被移除。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>格陵兰历史</b>是一部生命在极地条件下的历史。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="早期的古爱斯基摩文化"><span id=".E6.97.A9.E6.9C.9F.E7.9A.84.E5.8F.A4.E7.88.B1.E6.96.AF.E5.9F.BA.E6.91.A9.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>早期的古爱斯基摩文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：早期的古爱斯基摩文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0" title="格陵兰">格陵兰</a>的史前历史是古<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E6%91%A9%E4%BA%BA" title="爱斯基摩人">爱斯基摩人</a>从<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" class="mw-redirect" title="北美大陆">北美大陆</a>北部一波又一波向格陵兰移民的历史。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="北欧人定居"><span id=".E5.8C.97.E6.AC.A7.E4.BA.BA.E5.AE.9A.E5.B1.85"></span>北欧人定居</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：北欧人定居"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在10世纪初，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="欧洲人">欧洲人</a>开始注意到格陵兰的存在，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="維京人">維京人</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E9%AC%8D%E5%AD%90%E8%89%BE%E7%91%9E%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="紅鬍子艾瑞克">紅鬍子艾瑞克</a>和其兒子<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E6%9D%BE" title="萊夫·埃里克松">雷夫</a>為開拓此地的先鋒。北欧人在格陵兰定居有三个分开的地区，最大的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E8%98%AD%E6%9D%B1%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="格陵蘭東殖民地">东部定居点</a>、较小的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="格陵蘭西殖民地">西部定居点</a>和更小的中部定居点。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="北欧人的失败"><span id=".E5.8C.97.E6.AC.A7.E4.BA.BA.E7.9A.84.E5.A4.B1.E8.B4.A5"></span>北欧人的失败</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：北欧人的失败"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>北欧人在格陵兰定居了大概有500年（985-1500）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="后多赛特和拓乐文化"><span id=".E5.90.8E.E5.A4.9A.E8.B5.9B.E7.89.B9.E5.92.8C.E6.8B.93.E4.B9.90.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>后多赛特和拓乐文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：后多赛特和拓乐文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在北欧人定居格陵兰的同时，一个混合的北极文化后多赛特出现。1200年左右，另一个北极文化，拓乐文化出现。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="丹麦的再度殖民"><span id=".E4.B8.B9.E9.BA.A6.E7.9A.84.E5.86.8D.E5.BA.A6.E6.AE.96.E6.B0.91"></span>丹麦的再度殖民</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：丹麦的再度殖民"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>从1711年至1721年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a>牧师汉斯请求国王<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="弗雷德里克四世">弗雷德里克四世</a>资助前往格陵兰岛，并重新与当地定居的挪威人建立联系。 </p><p>1814年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E4%BB%91%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" class="mw-redirect" title="拿破仑战争">拿破仑战争</a>结束。根据签订的基尔条约，挪威割让给<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a>。而殖民地，包括格陵兰岛，则继续归<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a>所有。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="极地点探险"><span id=".E6.9E.81.E5.9C.B0.E7.82.B9.E6.8E.A2.E9.99.A9"></span>极地点探险</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：极地点探险"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>19世纪末至20世纪初，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>探险家探索了格陵兰北部地区。这些探险被认为是美国对此地区索取拥有权的依据。但至1917年美国向丹麦购买维尔京群岛之后，美国放弃索取拥有权的权力。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="战略重要性"><span id=".E6.88.98.E7.95.A5.E9.87.8D.E8.A6.81.E6.80.A7"></span>战略重要性</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：战略重要性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>当挪威于1905年完全获得独立后，挪威认为由于格陵兰在1815年前就已经是一个<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a>领地，丹麦对格陵兰的领土声称是不合法的。1931年，出于个人目的，挪威捕鲸者Hallvard Devold占领了无人居住的格陵兰东部，此后这一行动便一直得到挪威政府的支持。两年后，国际法庭支持丹麦的主张。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%98" class="mw-redirect" title="二战">二战</a>时期，当<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="纳粹德国">纳粹德国</a>将其战线延伸至格陵兰前，丹麦驻美国大使亨利克考夫曼拒绝承认纳粹对丹麦的侵略统治，并与美国在1941年4月9日签署了保护协议授权美军在格陵兰驻扎军事基地。由于丹麦政府无法在二战期间对其有效统治，又由于<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%99%B6%E7%9F%B3" title="冰晶石">冰晶石</a>的成功出口，格陵兰在二战期间享有高度独立的状态。它的补给主要由美国和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>提供。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%98" title="冷战">冷战</a>时期，由于格陵兰控制了部分的从苏联北冰洋港口至大西洋的海路，格陵兰具有战略重要意义。同时，它也是一个布置<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%B2%E9%99%85%E5%AF%BC%E5%BC%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="洲际导弹">洲际导弹</a>的良好基地。美国出于<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%BC%98%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="地缘政治">地缘政治</a>利益的考虑，提出用1亿美元的价格从丹麦政府手中购买格陵兰，丹麦并没有同意。1951年，考夫曼的协议由另一个协议所取代，新协议同意在格陵兰西北<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%B4%8D%E5%85%8B" title="卡納克">卡納克</a>（Qaanaaq）地区建立了一个永久的空军基地。1953年，一些<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E7%BA%BD%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="因纽特人">因纽特人</a>被迫离开家园以迎合建立军事基地的需要，这也成为丹麦政府和格陵兰人民之间产生摩擦的主因。摩擦在1968年1月21日达到高潮：一架携带四枚<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E5%BC%B9" title="氢弹">氢弹</a>的B52飞机坠毁并发生了核事故，整个地区都受到了核污染。尽管大多数受污染的冰盖得到了清理，最近解密的信息表明一枚氢弹的污染并未得到清理。尽管丹麦官方实行无核政策，政府依旧对基地的核弹持续运输保持了缄默。 </p><p>近年美军建设了洲际导弹预警系统（BMEWS），当地居民认为此举会影响人口，因为这会成为核战争的打击目标。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地方自治"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E6.96.B9.E8.87.AA.E6.B2.BB"></span>地方自治</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：地方自治"><span>编辑</span></a><span 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