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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Staff_assignments_and_division_command" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Staff_assignments_and_division_command"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Staff assignments and division command</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Staff_assignments_and_division_command-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vietnam_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vietnam_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Vietnam War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vietnam_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chief_of_Staff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chief_of_Staff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Chief of Staff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chief_of_Staff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_decorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_decorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Awards and decorations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_decorations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dates_of_rank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dates_of_rank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Dates of rank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dates_of_rank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of 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another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B2" title="كريتون أبرامز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كريتون أبرامز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Крэйтан Абрамс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крэйтан Абрамс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%95%D0%B9%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Крейтън Ейбрамс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Крейтън Ейбрамс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creighton_Abrams" title="Creighton Abrams – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Creighton Abrams" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creighton_Abrams" title="Creighton Abrams – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Creighton Abrams" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creighton_W._Abrams" title="Creighton W. Abrams – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Creighton W. Abrams" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creighton_Abrams" title="Creighton Abrams – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Creighton Abrams" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B2" title="کریگتون آبرامز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کریگتون آبرامز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creighton_Williams_Abrams" title="Creighton Williams Abrams – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Creighton Williams Abrams" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B4_%EC%97%90%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%8C%EB%9F%BC%EC%8A%A4" title="크레이턴 에이브럼스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크레이턴 에이브럼스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creighton_Abrams" title="Creighton Abrams – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Creighton Abrams" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A1" title="קרייטון אברמס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרייטון אברמס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creighton_Abrams" title="Creighton Abrams – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Creighton Abrams" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creighton_Abrams" title="Creighton Abrams – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Creighton Abrams" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0%E3%82%B9" title="クレイトン・エイブラムス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クレイトン・エイブラムス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creighton_Abrams" title="Creighton Abrams – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Creighton Abrams" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creighton_Abrams" title="Creighton Abrams – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Creighton Abrams" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creighton_Abrams" title="Creighton Abrams – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Creighton Abrams" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creighton_Abrams" title="Creighton Abrams – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Creighton Abrams" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81,_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Абрамс, Крейтон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абрамс, Крейтон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creighton_Williams_Abrams_mlaj%C5%A1i" title="Creighton Williams Abrams mlajši – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Creighton Williams Abrams mlajši" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8E%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%86_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B2" title="کرێیتۆن ئەبرامز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کرێیتۆن ئەبرامز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creighton_W._Abrams_Jr." title="Creighton W. Abrams Jr. – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Creighton W. Abrams Jr." data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creighton_Abrams" title="Creighton Abrams – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Creighton Abrams" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creighton_Abrams" title="Creighton Abrams – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Creighton Abrams" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Крейтон Абрамс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Крейтон Абрамс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creighton_Abrams" title="Creighton Abrams – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Creighton Abrams" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E9%A0%93%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E5%B8%83%E8%98%AD" title="克雷頓·艾布蘭 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克雷頓·艾布蘭" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United States Army general (1914–1974)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid 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role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Creighton_Abrams" title="Special:EditPage/Creighton Abrams">improve this article</a> by 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Creighton+Abrams%22">"Creighton Abrams"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Creighton+Abrams%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Creighton+Abrams%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Creighton+Abrams%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Creighton+Abrams%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Creighton+Abrams%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Creighton Abrams Jr.</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:GEN_Creighton_W._Abrams.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/GEN_Creighton_W._Abrams.jpg/220px-GEN_Creighton_W._Abrams.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/GEN_Creighton_W._Abrams.jpg/330px-GEN_Creighton_W._Abrams.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/GEN_Creighton_W._Abrams.jpg/440px-GEN_Creighton_W._Abrams.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2443" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">General Creighton W. Abrams</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1914-09-15</span>)</span>September 15, 1914<br /><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 4, 1974<span style="display:none">(1974-09-04)</span> (aged 59)<br /><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reed_General_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Reed General Hospital">Walter Reed General Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Buried</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1936–1974</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">General</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff of the United States Army</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Military_Assistance_Command,_Vietnam" title="Military Assistance Command, Vietnam">Military Assistance Command, Vietnam</a><br /><a href="/wiki/V_Corps_(United_States)" title="V Corps (United States)">V Corps</a><br /><a href="/wiki/3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="3rd Armored Division (United States)">3rd Armored Division</a><br /><a href="/wiki/2nd_Armored_Cavalry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment">2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment</a><br /><a href="/wiki/63rd_Armor_Regiment" title="63rd Armor Regiment">63rd Armor Regiment</a><br /><a href="/wiki/37th_Armor_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="37th Armor Regiment (United States)">Combat Command B</a>, <a href="/wiki/4th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="4th Armored Division (United States)">4th Armored Division</a><br /><a href="/wiki/37th_Armor_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="37th Armor Regiment (United States)">37th Tank Battalion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Service Cross (United States)">Distinguished Service Cross</a> (2) <br /><a href="/wiki/Defense_Distinguished_Service_Medal" title="Defense Distinguished Service Medal">Defense Distinguished Service Medal</a> (2) <br /><a href="/wiki/Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Distinguished Service Medal">Army Distinguished Service Medal</a> (5)<br /><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Distinguished_Service_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Distinguished Service Medal">Air Force Distinguished Service Medal</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Silver_Star" title="Silver Star">Silver Star</a> (2) <br /><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Merit" title="Legion of Merit">Legion of Merit</a> (2) <br /><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Star_Medal" title="Bronze Star Medal">Bronze Star Medal</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Service Commendation Medal">Joint Service Commendation Medal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data">Brigadier General Creighton W. Abrams III (son)<br />General <a href="/wiki/John_N._Abrams" title="John N. Abrams">John N. Abrams</a> (son)<br />General <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Abrams" title="Robert B. Abrams">Robert B. Abrams</a> (son)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Creighton Williams Abrams Jr.</b> (September 15, 1914 – September 4, 1974) was a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> <a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">general</a> who commanded military operations in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> from 1968 to 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobt_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gabda59_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gabda59-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was then <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff of the United States Army</a> from 1972 until his death in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobt_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gabda59_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gabda59-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1980, the United States Army named its then new <a href="/wiki/Main_battle_tank" title="Main battle tank">main battle tank</a>, the <a href="/wiki/M1_Abrams" title="M1 Abrams">M1 Abrams</a>, after him. The <a href="/wiki/IG_Farben_building" class="mw-redirect" title="IG Farben building">IG Farben building</a> in Germany was also named after Abrams from 1975 to 1995. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_career">Military career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creighton_Abrams&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Military career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_career">Early career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creighton_Abrams&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abrams graduated from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a> at West Point in the Class of 1936, ranking 185th of 276 in the class.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His classmates included <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_O._Davis_Jr." title="Benjamin O. Davis Jr.">Benjamin O. Davis Jr.</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">William Westmoreland</a>. He served with the <a href="/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Cavalry Division (United States)">1st Cavalry Division</a> from 1936 to 1940, being promoted to <a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant#United_States" title="First lieutenant">first lieutenant</a> in 1939 and temporary captain in 1940. </p><p>Abrams became an armor officer early in the development of that branch and served as a tank company commander in the <a href="/wiki/1st_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Armored Division (United States)">1st Armored Division</a> in 1940. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creighton_Abrams&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Abrams served in the <a href="/wiki/4th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="4th Armored Division (United States)">4th Armored Division</a>, initially as regimental <a href="/wiki/Adjutant" title="Adjutant">adjutant</a> (June 1941 – June 1942), <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalion</a> commander (July 1942 – March 1943), and <a href="/wiki/Regiment" title="Regiment">regiment</a> executive officer (March–September 1943) with the <a href="/wiki/37th_Armor_Regiment" title="37th Armor Regiment">37th Armor Regiment</a>. In September 1943, a reorganization of the division redesignated the 37th Armor Regiment to the 37th Tank Battalion, which Abrams commanded. He commanded <a href="/wiki/Combat_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat Command">Combat Command</a> B of the division during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Battle of the Bulge</a>. </p><p>During this time Abrams was promoted to the temporary ranks of <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">major</a> (February 1942), <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">lieutenant colonel</a> (September 1942), and <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">colonel</a> (April 1945). Abrams was promoted to lieutenant colonel at age 27 years, 11 months. </p><p>During much of this time, the 4th Armored Division, led by the 37th Tank Battalion, was the spearhead for General <a href="/wiki/George_S._Patton" title="George S. Patton">George S. Patton</a>'s <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Central" title="United States Army Central">Third Army</a>. Abrams was well known as an aggressive armor commander. By using his qualities as a leader and by consistently exploiting the relatively small advantages of speed and reliability of his vehicles, he managed to defeat German forces that had the advantage of superior armor and superior guns. He was twice decorated with the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Service Cross (United States)">Distinguished Service Cross</a> for extraordinary heroism, on September 20 and December 26, 1944. General George Patton said of him: "I'm supposed to be the best tank commander in the Army, but I have one peer—Abe Abrams. He's the world champion."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frequently the spearhead of the Third Army during World War II, Abrams was one of the leaders in the relief effort that broke up the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">German</a> entrenchments surrounding <a href="/wiki/Bastogne" title="Bastogne">Bastogne</a> and the <a href="/wiki/101st_Airborne_Division" title="101st Airborne Division">101st Airborne Division</a> during the Battle of the Bulge. In April 1945, he was promoted to temporary <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">colonel</a> but reverted to lieutenant colonel during the post-war demobilization. On April 23, 1945, <a href="/wiki/Will_Lang_Jr." title="Will Lang Jr.">Will Lang Jr.</a> wrote a biography of Abrams called "Colonel Abe" for <i><a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interbellum_and_Korean_War">Interbellum and Korean War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creighton_Abrams&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Interbellum and Korean War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the war, Abrams served on the Army General Staff (1945–1946), as head of the department of tactics at the Armored School, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Knox" title="Fort Knox">Fort Knox</a> (1946–1948), and graduated from the <a href="/wiki/Command_and_General_Staff_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Command and General Staff College">Command and General Staff College</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth" title="Fort Leavenworth">Fort Leavenworth</a> (1949). </p><p>Abrams commanded the <a href="/wiki/63rd_Armor_Regiment" title="63rd Armor Regiment">63rd Tank Battalion</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Infantry Division (United States)">1st Infantry Division</a>, in Europe (1949–1951). He was again promoted to colonel and commanded the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Armored_Cavalry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment">2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment</a> (1951–1952). These units were important assignments due to the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> concern for potential invasion of western Europe by the Soviet Union. He then attended and graduated from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_War_College" title="United States Army War College">Army War College</a> in 1953. </p><p>Because of Abrams's service in Europe and his War College tour, he joined the Korean War late. In South Korea (1953–1954), he successively served as chief of staff of the <a href="/wiki/I_Corps_(United_States)" title="I Corps (United States)">I</a>, <a href="/wiki/X_Corps_(United_States)" title="X Corps (United States)">X</a>, and <a href="/wiki/IX_Corps_(United_States)" title="IX Corps (United States)">IX Corps</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Staff_assignments_and_division_command">Staff assignments and division command</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creighton_Abrams&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Staff assignments and division command"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon Abrams' return from Korea, he served as Chief of Staff of the Armor Center, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Knox" title="Fort Knox">Fort Knox</a> (1954–1956). He was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">brigadier general</a> and appointed deputy chief of staff for reserve components at the Pentagon (1956–1959). He was assistant division commander of <a href="/wiki/3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="3rd Armored Division (United States)">3rd Armored Division</a> (1959–1960) and then commanded the division (1960–1962) upon his promotion to major general. He was transferred to the Pentagon as deputy Chief of Staff for Operations (1962–1963) and during this time he served as representative of the Army Chief of Staff overseeing the armed forces deployed to support the enrollment of <a href="/wiki/James_Meredith" title="James Meredith">James Meredith</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">segregated</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mississippi" title="University of Mississippi">University of Mississippi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Scheips_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scheips-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 88–92">: 88–92 </span></sup> </p><p>He performed a similar role in May 1963 during the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_campaign" title="Birmingham campaign">civil rights protests</a> in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Scheips_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scheips-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 139–41">: 139–41 </span></sup> Following these roles Abrams demanded a more coherent policy for the swift employment of Federal forces domestically. In May 1963, the Joint Chiefs formalized those arrangements with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Strike_Command" title="United States Strike Command">Strike Command</a> instructed to be prepared "to move ready, deployable, tailored Army forces ranging in size from a reinforced company to a maximum force of 15,000 personnel".<sup id="cite_ref-Scheips_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scheips-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 142">: 142 </span></sup> </p><p>He was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">lieutenant general</a> and commanded <a href="/wiki/V_Corps_(United_States)" title="V Corps (United States)">V Corps</a> in Europe (1963–1964). </p><p>Abrams was on the cover of <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine three times in ten years: 1961 (October 13),<sup id="cite_ref-time61_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time61-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1968 (April 19),<sup id="cite_ref-time68_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time68-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1971 (February 15).<sup id="cite_ref-time71_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time71-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vietnam_War">Vietnam War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creighton_Abrams&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Vietnam War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CWAbrams.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/CWAbrams.jpg/220px-CWAbrams.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/CWAbrams.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>Abrams watches <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> at <a href="/wiki/Long_Binh_Post" title="Long Binh Post">Long Binh</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Abrams was promoted to <a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">general</a> in 1964 and appointed <a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army</a>. He was seriously considered as a candidate for chief of staff. Due to concerns about the conduct of the Vietnam War, he was appointed as deputy to his West Point classmate, General <a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">William Westmoreland</a>, commander of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Assistance_Command,_Vietnam" title="Military Assistance Command, Vietnam">Military Assistance Command, Vietnam</a> (MACV), in May 1967. </p><p>Abrams succeeded Westmoreland as <a href="/wiki/COMUSMACV" class="mw-redirect" title="COMUSMACV">COMUSMACV</a> on June 10, 1968. His tenure of command was not marked by the public optimism of his predecessors, who were prone to press conferences and public statements. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Sorley" title="Lewis Sorley">Lewis Sorley</a> asserted that in contrast to Westmoreland, Abrams implemented counterinsurgency tactics that focused on winning the <a href="/wiki/Hearts_and_Minds_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hearts and Minds (Vietnam)">hearts and minds</a> of the Vietnamese rural population. A joint military-civilian organization named <a href="/wiki/Civil_Operations_and_Revolutionary_Development_Support" title="Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support">Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support</a> under CIA official <a href="/wiki/William_Colby" title="William Colby">William Colby</a> carried out the hearts and minds programs. According to a colonel cited in <i><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Journal" title="Men's Journal">Men's Journal</a></i>, there was more continuity than change in Vietnam after Abrams succeeded Westmoreland.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i> magazine at the time of Abrams' appointment observed that its sources within the <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a> administration had spoken at length with Abrams in the past, and had come away convinced that the general would make few changes. The magazine quoted an unidentified military analyst to the effect that, "All this talk of dropping search-and destroy operations in favor of clear-and-hold is just a lot of bull."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> None of the strategy papers produced by Abrams on assuming command of MACV indicated the need for any change in U.S. strategy and U.S. forces continued large-scale operations to engage <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam" title="People's Army of Vietnam">People's Army of Vietnam</a> (PAVN) main force units including the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hamburger_Hill" title="Battle of Hamburger Hill">Battle of Hamburger Hill</a> in May 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1969, the Vietnam War increasingly became a conventional war between the military forces of South Vietnam and North Vietnam. Following the election of President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>, Abrams began implementing the Nixon Administration's <a href="/wiki/Vietnamization" title="Vietnamization">Vietnamization</a> policy to decrease U.S. involvement in Vietnam. With this new goal, Abrams decreased American troop strength from a peak of 543,000 in early 1969 to 49,000 in June 1972. </p><p>The South Vietnamese forces with aerial support from the U.S. repelled the PAVN conventional <a href="/wiki/Easter_Offensive" title="Easter Offensive">Easter Offensive</a> in 1972. The prolonged efforts and expense of the war had by then exhausted much of the American public and political support. Abrams disdained most of the politicians with whom he was forced to deal, in particular <a href="/wiki/Robert_McNamara" title="Robert McNamara">Robert McNamara</a> and <a href="/wiki/McGeorge_Bundy" title="McGeorge Bundy">McGeorge Bundy</a>, and had an even lower opinion of defense contractors, whom he accused of war profiteering. </p><p>Abrams was in charge of the <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Incursion" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian Incursion">Cambodian Incursion</a> in 1970. President Nixon seemed to hold Abrams in high regard, and often relied on his advice. In a tape-recorded conversation between Nixon and National Security Advisor <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> on December 9, 1970, Nixon told Kissinger about Abrams' thoughts on intervention in Cambodia that: "If Abrams strongly recommends it we will do it."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Troop levels in Vietnam eventually reached 25,000 in January 1973, at the time of the four power <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Accords" title="Paris Peace Accords">Paris Peace Accords</a>. Although it occurred before he assumed total command, Abrams bore the brunt of fallout from the <a href="/wiki/My_Lai_massacre" title="My Lai massacre">My Lai massacre</a> in March 1968. </p><p>Nixon grew increasingly dissatisfied with Abrams' performance during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Lam_Son_719" title="Operation Lam Son 719">Operation Lam Son 719</a> and had debated for some time whether to recall Abrams. On May 4, 1972, a little more than a month after the onset of the Easter Offensive, Nixon resolved to replace Abrams with his former deputy General <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Weyand" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Weyand">Frederick Weyand</a>, but the decision was not publicly announced until June 20, 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-Hammond_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hammond-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 568">: 568 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chief_of_Staff">Chief of Staff</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creighton_Abrams&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Chief of Staff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_of_Defense_Melvin_R._Laird,_second_from_the_left,_administers_the_oath_of_office_to_General_Creighton_W._Abrams,_the_new_U.S._Army_chief_of_staff._Secretary_of_the_Army_Ro_-_DPLA_-_b673b513173121f89bf2016590e97b16.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Secretary_of_Defense_Melvin_R._Laird%2C_second_from_the_left%2C_administers_the_oath_of_office_to_General_Creighton_W._Abrams%2C_the_new_U.S._Army_chief_of_staff._Secretary_of_the_Army_Ro_-_DPLA_-_b673b513173121f89bf2016590e97b16.jpeg/220px-thumbnail.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Secretary_of_Defense_Melvin_R._Laird%2C_second_from_the_left%2C_administers_the_oath_of_office_to_General_Creighton_W._Abrams%2C_the_new_U.S._Army_chief_of_staff._Secretary_of_the_Army_Ro_-_DPLA_-_b673b513173121f89bf2016590e97b16.jpeg/330px-thumbnail.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Secretary_of_Defense_Melvin_R._Laird%2C_second_from_the_left%2C_administers_the_oath_of_office_to_General_Creighton_W._Abrams%2C_the_new_U.S._Army_chief_of_staff._Secretary_of_the_Army_Ro_-_DPLA_-_b673b513173121f89bf2016590e97b16.jpeg/440px-thumbnail.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2840" data-file-height="1890" /></a><figcaption>Abrams is sworn in as Army Chief of Staff, 16 October 1972</figcaption></figure> <p>Abrams was appointed <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff of the United States Army</a> by Nixon in June 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-atjgtab_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atjgtab-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was not confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> until October, due to political repercussions involving accusations of <a href="/wiki/John_D._Lavelle#Lavelle_Affair" title="John D. Lavelle">unauthorized bombings of North Vietnam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hammond_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hammond-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 576">: 576 </span></sup> It has also been reported that Congress had delayed the confirmation to question the administration's war in Cambodia. During this time, Abrams began the transition to the all-volunteer army, also known as <a href="/wiki/Project_VOLAR" title="Project VOLAR">Project VOLAR</a>. </p><p>In January 1974, Abrams directed the formation of a Ranger battalion. The 1st Battalion (Ranger), 75th Infantry, was activated and parachuted into Fort Stewart, Georgia, on July 1; the 2nd Battalion (Ranger), 75th Infantry followed with activation on October 1. The 3rd Battalion, 75th Infantry (Ranger), and Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 75th Infantry (Ranger), received their colors a decade later on October 3, 1984, at Fort Benning, Georgia. The 75th Ranger Regiment was designated in February 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern Ranger battalions owe their existence to Abrams and his charter: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The battalion is to be an elite, light, and the most proficient infantry in the world. A battalion that can do things with its hands and weapons better than anyone. The battalion will contain no 'hoodlums or brigands' and if the battalion is formed from such persons, it will be disbanded. Wherever the battalion goes, it must be apparent that it is the best.</p></blockquote> <p>Abrams served as Chief of Staff until his death on September 4, 1974. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creighton_Abrams&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield, Massachusetts</a>, and raised in the Feeding Hills section of Agawam, he was the son of Nellie Louise (Randall) and Creighton Williams Abrams, a railroad worker.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abrams married Julia Berthe Harvey <span class="nowrap">(1915–2003)</span> in 1936. She founded the army group of <a href="/wiki/Arlington_Ladies" title="Arlington Ladies">Arlington Ladies</a> and devoted time to humanitarian causes.<sup id="cite_ref-MSNBC_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSNBC-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Abramses had three sons and three daughters. All three sons became Army general officers: retired Brigadier General Creighton Williams Abrams III, General <a href="/wiki/John_N._Abrams" title="John N. Abrams">John Nelson Abrams</a>, and General <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Abrams" title="Robert B. Abrams">Robert Bruce Abrams</a>. Daughters Noel Bradley, Jeanne Daley, and Elizabeth Doyle all married army officers. </p><p>Abrams converted to <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> during his time in Vietnam. He was raised as <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Protestant_Church" title="Methodist Protestant Church">Methodist Protestant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A heavy cigar smoker, Abrams died at age 59, eleven days before his 60th birthday at <a href="/wiki/Walter_Reed_Army_Medical_Center" title="Walter Reed Army Medical Center">Walter Reed Army Medical Center</a> in Washington, D.C., from complications of surgery to remove a cancerous lung.<sup id="cite_ref-gabda59_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gabda59-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is buried with his wife Julia in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_decorations">Awards and decorations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creighton_Abrams&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Awards and decorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His awards and decorations include:<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:106px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 43px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/22px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/33px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/44px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Distinguished_Service_Cross_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Distinguished_Service_Cross_ribbon.svg/106px-Distinguished_Service_Cross_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Distinguished_Service_Cross_ribbon.svg/159px-Distinguished_Service_Cross_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Distinguished_Service_Cross_ribbon.svg/212px-Distinguished_Service_Cross_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Service Cross (United States)">Distinguished Service Cross</a> with bronze <a href="/wiki/Oak_leaf_cluster" title="Oak leaf cluster">oak leaf cluster</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:106px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 43px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/22px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/33px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/44px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Defense_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/106px-Defense_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Defense_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/159px-Defense_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Defense_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/212px-Defense_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Defense_Distinguished_Service_Medal" title="Defense Distinguished Service Medal">Defense Distinguished Service Medal</a> with bronze oak leaf cluster </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:106px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 4px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/22px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/33px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/44px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 29px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/22px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/33px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/44px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 55px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/22px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/33px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/44px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 81px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/22px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/33px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/44px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/106px-U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/159px-U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/212px-U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Distinguished Service Medal">Army Distinguished Service Medal</a> with four bronze oak leaf clusters </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Force_Distinguished_Service_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Air_Force_Distinguished_Service_ribbon.svg/106px-Air_Force_Distinguished_Service_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Air_Force_Distinguished_Service_ribbon.svg/159px-Air_Force_Distinguished_Service_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Air_Force_Distinguished_Service_ribbon.svg/212px-Air_Force_Distinguished_Service_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Distinguished_Service_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Distinguished Service Medal">Air Force Distinguished Service Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:106px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 43px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/22px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/33px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/44px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Silver_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Silver_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg/106px-Silver_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Silver_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg/159px-Silver_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Silver_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg/212px-Silver_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silver_Star" title="Silver Star">Silver Star</a> with bronze oak leaf cluster </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:106px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 43px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/22px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/33px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/44px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Legion_of_Merit_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Legion_of_Merit_ribbon.svg/106px-Legion_of_Merit_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Legion_of_Merit_ribbon.svg/159px-Legion_of_Merit_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Legion_of_Merit_ribbon.svg/212px-Legion_of_Merit_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Merit" title="Legion of Merit">Legion of Merit</a> with bronze oak leaf cluster </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:106px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 43px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%22V%22_device,_brass.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Valor device"><img alt="V" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%22V%22_device%2C_brass.svg/22px-%22V%22_device%2C_brass.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%22V%22_device%2C_brass.svg/33px-%22V%22_device%2C_brass.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%22V%22_device%2C_brass.svg/44px-%22V%22_device%2C_brass.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bronze_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg/106px-Bronze_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bronze_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg/159px-Bronze_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bronze_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg/212px-Bronze_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Star_Medal" title="Bronze Star Medal">Bronze Star Medal</a> with <a href="/wiki/V_device" class="mw-redirect" title="V device">V device</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg/106px-Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg/159px-Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg/212px-Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joint_Service_Commendation_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Service Commendation Medal">Joint Service Commendation Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/106px-American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/159px-American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/212px-American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Defense_Service_Medal" title="American Defense Service Medal">American Defense Service Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/American_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/106px-American_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/American_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/159px-American_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/American_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/212px-American_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Campaign_Medal" title="American Campaign Medal">American Campaign Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:106px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 43px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Silver-service-star-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silver service star"><img alt="Silver star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Silver-service-star-3d.svg/18px-Silver-service-star-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Silver-service-star-3d.svg/27px-Silver-service-star-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Silver-service-star-3d.svg/36px-Silver-service-star-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_ribbon.svg/106px-European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_ribbon.svg/159px-European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_ribbon.svg/212px-European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="30" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European%E2%80%93African%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_Campaign_Medal" title="European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal">European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal</a> with silver <a href="/wiki/Campaign_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaign star">campaign star</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/106px-Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/159px-Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/212px-Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal">Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg/106px-World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg/159px-World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg/212px-World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="140" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_Victory_Medal" title="World War II Victory Medal">World War II Victory Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Army_of_Occupation_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Army_of_Occupation_ribbon.svg/106px-Army_of_Occupation_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Army_of_Occupation_ribbon.svg/159px-Army_of_Occupation_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Army_of_Occupation_ribbon.svg/212px-Army_of_Occupation_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Occupation_Medal" title="Army of Occupation Medal">Army of Occupation Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:106px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 43px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/22px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/33px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/44px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/National_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/106px-National_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/National_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/159px-National_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/National_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/212px-National_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Service_Medal" title="National Defense Service Medal">National Defense Service Medal</a> with one bronze <a href="/wiki/Oak_leaf_cluster" title="Oak leaf cluster">oak leaf cluster</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:106px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 43px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/18px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/27px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/36px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Korean_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Korean_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/106px-Korean_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Korean_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/159px-Korean_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Korean_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/212px-Korean_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Korean_Service_Medal" title="Korean Service Medal">Korean Service Medal</a> with bronze campaign star </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:110px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 3px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Silver-service-star-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silver service star"><img alt="Silver star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Silver-service-star-3d.svg/18px-Silver-service-star-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Silver-service-star-3d.svg/27px-Silver-service-star-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Silver-service-star-3d.svg/36px-Silver-service-star-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 23px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Silver-service-star-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silver service star"><img alt="Silver star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Silver-service-star-3d.svg/18px-Silver-service-star-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Silver-service-star-3d.svg/27px-Silver-service-star-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Silver-service-star-3d.svg/36px-Silver-service-star-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 43px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/18px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/27px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/36px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 63px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/18px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/27px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/36px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 83px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/18px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/27px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/36px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vietnam_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Vietnam_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/110px-Vietnam_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Vietnam_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/165px-Vietnam_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Vietnam_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/220px-Vietnam_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Service_Medal" title="Vietnam Service Medal">Vietnam Service Medal</a> with two silver and three campaign stars </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:110px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 43px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/18px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/27px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/36px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vietnam_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Vietnam_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/110px-Vietnam_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Vietnam_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/165px-Vietnam_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Vietnam_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/220px-Vietnam_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td>Vietnam Service Medal with bronze campaign star <i>(second ribbon required for accoutrement spacing)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Army_and_U.S._Air_Force_Presidential_Unit_Citation_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/U.S._Army_and_U.S._Air_Force_Presidential_Unit_Citation_ribbon.svg/106px-U.S._Army_and_U.S._Air_Force_Presidential_Unit_Citation_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/U.S._Army_and_U.S._Air_Force_Presidential_Unit_Citation_ribbon.svg/159px-U.S._Army_and_U.S._Air_Force_Presidential_Unit_Citation_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/U.S._Army_and_U.S._Air_Force_Presidential_Unit_Citation_ribbon.svg/212px-U.S._Army_and_U.S._Air_Force_Presidential_Unit_Citation_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="40" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Unit_Citation_(United_States)" title="Presidential Unit Citation (United States)">Army Presidential Unit Citation</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <dl><dt>Foreign decorations and awards</dt></dl> <p>His foreign awards and decorations include:<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Order_Wojny_Ojczy%C5%BAnianej_2kl_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/POL_Order_Wojny_Ojczy%C5%BAnianej_2kl_BAR.svg/106px-POL_Order_Wojny_Ojczy%C5%BAnianej_2kl_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/POL_Order_Wojny_Ojczy%C5%BAnianej_2kl_BAR.svg/159px-POL_Order_Wojny_Ojczy%C5%BAnianej_2kl_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/POL_Order_Wojny_Ojczy%C5%BAnianej_2kl_BAR.svg/212px-POL_Order_Wojny_Ojczy%C5%BAnianej_2kl_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Patriotic_War" title="Order of the Patriotic War">Order of the Patriotic War Second Class</a> (<a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1939-1945_Bar.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1939-1945_Bar.png/106px-Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1939-1945_Bar.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1939-1945_Bar.png/159px-Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1939-1945_Bar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1939-1945_Bar.png/212px-Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1939-1945_Bar.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_War_Cross_1939%E2%80%931945" title="Czechoslovak War Cross 1939–1945">Czechoslovak War Cross 1939–1945</a> (<a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour '"><img alt="Legion of Honour '" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Legion_Honneur_Commandeur_ribbon.svg/109px-Legion_Honneur_Commandeur_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Legion_Honneur_Commandeur_ribbon.svg/164px-Legion_Honneur_Commandeur_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Legion_Honneur_Commandeur_ribbon.svg/218px-Legion_Honneur_Commandeur_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> (<i>Commander</i>) <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour '"><img alt="Legion of Honour '" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg/109px-Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg/164px-Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg/218px-Legion_Honneur_Chevalier_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> (<i>Knight</i>) <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croix_de_Guerre_1939%E2%80%931945#Award_grades" title="Croix de guerre 1939–1945 '"><img alt="Croix de guerre 1939–1945 '" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Croix_de_Guerre_1939-1945_ribbon_-_with_Bronze_Palm.svg/109px-Croix_de_Guerre_1939-1945_ribbon_-_with_Bronze_Palm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Croix_de_Guerre_1939-1945_ribbon_-_with_Bronze_Palm.svg/164px-Croix_de_Guerre_1939-1945_ribbon_-_with_Bronze_Palm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Croix_de_Guerre_1939-1945_ribbon_-_with_Bronze_Palm.svg/218px-Croix_de_Guerre_1939-1945_ribbon_-_with_Bronze_Palm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Croix_de_Guerre_1939%E2%80%931945#Award_grades" title="Croix de Guerre 1939–1945">Croix de guerre 1939–1945</a> (<i>Palme en bronze - Bronze palm</i>) (<a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Noribbon.svg/106px-Noribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Noribbon.svg/159px-Noribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Noribbon.svg/212px-Noribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="63" data-file-height="17" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/French_fourrag%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="French fourragère">French fourragère</a> (France) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_1Class_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_1Class_BAR.svg/106px-JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_1Class_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_1Class_BAR.svg/159px-JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_1Class_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_1Class_BAR.svg/212px-JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_1Class_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Rising_Sun" title="Order of the Rising Sun">Order of the Rising Sun</a>, Grand Cordon (<a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PHL_Order_of_Sikatuna_-_Commander_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/PHL_Order_of_Sikatuna_-_Commander_BAR.png/106px-PHL_Order_of_Sikatuna_-_Commander_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/PHL_Order_of_Sikatuna_-_Commander_BAR.png/159px-PHL_Order_of_Sikatuna_-_Commander_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/PHL_Order_of_Sikatuna_-_Commander_BAR.png/212px-PHL_Order_of_Sikatuna_-_Commander_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Sikatuna" title="Order of Sikatuna">Order of Sikatuna</a>, rank of Lakan (Commander) (<a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phliber_rib.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Phliber_rib.svg/106px-Phliber_rib.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Phliber_rib.svg/159px-Phliber_rib.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Phliber_rib.svg/212px-Phliber_rib.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Liberation_Medal" title="Philippine Liberation Medal">Philippine Liberation Medal</a> (Philippines) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Military_Merit_(South_Korea)#Classes_and_Grades" title="Order of Military Merit (무공훈장) '"><img alt="Order of Military Merit (무공훈장) '" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Eulji_Cordon_Medal.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="30" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Military_Merit_(South_Korea)#Classes_and_Grades" title="Order of Military Merit (South Korea)">Order of Military Merit (무공훈장)</a> (<i>2nd Class - Eulji Cordon (을지)</i>) <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">ROK</a>) with Gold Star </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Military_Merit_(South_Korea)#Classes_and_Grades" title="Order of Military Merit (무공훈장) '"><img alt="Order of Military Merit (무공훈장) '" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Taeguk_Cordon_Medal.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="30" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Military_Merit_(South_Korea)#Classes_and_Grades" title="Order of Military Merit (South Korea)">Order of Military Merit (무공훈장)</a> (<i>1st Class - Taegeuk Cordon (태극)</i>) <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">ROK</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tong-il_Security_Medal_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Tong-il_Security_Medal_Ribbon.svg/106px-Tong-il_Security_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Tong-il_Security_Medal_Ribbon.svg/159px-Tong-il_Security_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Tong-il_Security_Medal_Ribbon.svg/212px-Tong-il_Security_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_National_Security_Merit" title="Order of National Security Merit">Order of National Security Merit</a>, Tongil Medal (South Korea) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gugseon_Security_Medal_Ribbon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Gugseon_Security_Medal_Ribbon.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="32" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> Order of National Security Merit, Gukseon Medal (South Korea) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Korean_Presidential_Unit_Citation.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Korean_Presidential_Unit_Citation.png/106px-Korean_Presidential_Unit_Citation.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Korean_Presidential_Unit_Citation.png/159px-Korean_Presidential_Unit_Citation.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Korean_Presidential_Unit_Citation.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="75" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Presidential_Unit_Citation" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation">Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation</a> (South Korea) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Korean_War_Service_Medal" title="Korean War Service Medal '"><img alt="Korean War Service Medal '" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Republic_of_Korea_War_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/110px-Republic_of_Korea_War_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Republic_of_Korea_War_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/165px-Republic_of_Korea_War_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Republic_of_Korea_War_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/220px-Republic_of_Korea_War_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Korean_War_Service_Medal" title="Korean War Service Medal">Korean War Service Medal</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">ROK</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VPD_National_Order_of_Vietnam_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/VPD_National_Order_of_Vietnam_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/106px-VPD_National_Order_of_Vietnam_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/VPD_National_Order_of_Vietnam_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/159px-VPD_National_Order_of_Vietnam_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/VPD_National_Order_of_Vietnam_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg/212px-VPD_National_Order_of_Vietnam_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="140" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Vietnam" title="National Order of Vietnam">National Order of Vietnam</a>, Knight Grand Cross (<a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vietnam_Gallantry_Cross,_with_palm.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Vietnam_Gallantry_Cross%2C_with_palm.svg/106px-Vietnam_Gallantry_Cross%2C_with_palm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Vietnam_Gallantry_Cross%2C_with_palm.svg/159px-Vietnam_Gallantry_Cross%2C_with_palm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Vietnam_Gallantry_Cross%2C_with_palm.svg/212px-Vietnam_Gallantry_Cross%2C_with_palm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="140" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gallantry_Cross_(South_Vietnam)" title="Gallantry Cross (South Vietnam)">Gallantry Cross with Palm</a> (South Vietnam) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vietnam_Armed_Forces_Honor_Medal_ribbon-First_Class.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Vietnam_Armed_Forces_Honor_Medal_ribbon-First_Class.svg/106px-Vietnam_Armed_Forces_Honor_Medal_ribbon-First_Class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Vietnam_Armed_Forces_Honor_Medal_ribbon-First_Class.svg/159px-Vietnam_Armed_Forces_Honor_Medal_ribbon-First_Class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Vietnam_Armed_Forces_Honor_Medal_ribbon-First_Class.svg/212px-Vietnam_Armed_Forces_Honor_Medal_ribbon-First_Class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Honor_Medal" title="Armed Forces Honor Medal">Armed Forces Honor Medal</a>, First Class (South Vietnam) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vietnam_Civil_Actions_Medal_ribbon-First_Class.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Vietnam_Civil_Actions_Medal_ribbon-First_Class.svg/106px-Vietnam_Civil_Actions_Medal_ribbon-First_Class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Vietnam_Civil_Actions_Medal_ribbon-First_Class.svg/159px-Vietnam_Civil_Actions_Medal_ribbon-First_Class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Vietnam_Civil_Actions_Medal_ribbon-First_Class.svg/212px-Vietnam_Civil_Actions_Medal_ribbon-First_Class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Civil_Actions_Medal" title="Civil Actions Medal">Civil Actions Medal</a>, First Class (South Vietnam) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Campaign_Medal" title="Vietnam Campaign Medal '"><img alt="Vietnam Campaign Medal '" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Republic_of_Vietnam_Campaign_Medal_ribbon%2C_with_60-_clasp.svg/110px-Republic_of_Vietnam_Campaign_Medal_ribbon%2C_with_60-_clasp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Republic_of_Vietnam_Campaign_Medal_ribbon%2C_with_60-_clasp.svg/165px-Republic_of_Vietnam_Campaign_Medal_ribbon%2C_with_60-_clasp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Republic_of_Vietnam_Campaign_Medal_ribbon%2C_with_60-_clasp.svg/220px-Republic_of_Vietnam_Campaign_Medal_ribbon%2C_with_60-_clasp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Campaign_Medal" title="Vietnam Campaign Medal">Vietnam Campaign Medal</a> <sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_1st_Class_(Thailand)_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_1st_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg/106px-Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_1st_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_1st_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg/159px-Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_1st_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_1st_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg/212px-Order_of_the_White_Elephant_-_1st_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> the Most Exalted <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Elephant" title="Order of the White Elephant">Order of the White Elephant</a>, Knight Grand Cross (<a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Crown_of_Thailand_-_1st_Class_(Thailand)_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Order_of_the_Crown_of_Thailand_-_1st_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg/106px-Order_of_the_Crown_of_Thailand_-_1st_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Order_of_the_Crown_of_Thailand_-_1st_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg/159px-Order_of_the_Crown_of_Thailand_-_1st_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Order_of_the_Crown_of_Thailand_-_1st_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg/212px-Order_of_the_Crown_of_Thailand_-_1st_Class_%28Thailand%29_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> The Most Noble <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_of_Thailand" title="Order of the Crown of Thailand">Order of the Crown of Thailand</a>, Knight Grand Cross (<a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order" title="Distinguished Service Order DSO"><img alt="Distinguished Service Order DSO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Distinguished_Service_Order_Ribbon.svg/107px-Distinguished_Service_Order_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="107" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Distinguished_Service_Order_Ribbon.svg/161px-Distinguished_Service_Order_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Distinguished_Service_Order_Ribbon.svg/214px-Distinguished_Service_Order_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order" title="Distinguished Service Order">Distinguished Service Order</a> (<b>DSO</b>) (<a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Korea_Medal" title="United Nations Service Medal '"><img alt="United Nations Service Medal '" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/United_Nations_Service_Medal_Korea_ribbon.svg/109px-United_Nations_Service_Medal_Korea_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/United_Nations_Service_Medal_Korea_ribbon.svg/164px-United_Nations_Service_Medal_Korea_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/United_Nations_Service_Medal_Korea_ribbon.svg/218px-United_Nations_Service_Medal_Korea_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Korea_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Korea Medal">United Nations Service Medal</a> (<i>Korea</i>) (<a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>) </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dates_of_rank">Dates of rank</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creighton_Abrams&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dates of rank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Insignia</th> <th>Rank</th> <th>Component</th> <th>Date </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cadet" title="Cadet">Cadet</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a></td> <td align="right">July 1, 1932<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1932-07-01</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O1_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/US-O1_insignia.svg/13px-US-O1_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/US-O1_insignia.svg/20px-US-O1_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/US-O1_insignia.svg/26px-US-O1_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/US_Second_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="US Second Lieutenant">Second lieutenant</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Regular_Army_(United_States)" title="Regular Army (United States)">Regular Army</a></td> <td align="right">June 12, 1936<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1936-06-12</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O2_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/13px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/20px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/26px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/US_First_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="US First Lieutenant">First lieutenant</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td align="right">June 12, 1939<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1939-06-12</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O3_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/33px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/50px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/66px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Captain_(U.S._Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (U.S. Army)">Captain</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_United_States" title="Army of the United States">Army of the United States</a></td> <td align="right">September 9, 1940<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1940-09-09</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O4_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/40px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/60px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/80px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">Major</a></td> <td>Army of the United States</td> <td align="right">February 1, 1942<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1942-02-01</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O5_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/40px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/60px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/80px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">Lieutenant colonel</a></td> <td>Army of the United States</td> <td>September 3, 1942<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1942-09-03</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O6_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/60px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/90px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/120px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a></td> <td>Army of the United States</td> <td align="right">April 21, 1945<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1945-04-21</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O5_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/40px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/60px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/80px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">Lieutenant colonel</a></td> <td>Army of the United States</td> <td align="right">June 1, 1946<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1946-06-01</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O3_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/33px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/50px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/66px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Captain_(U.S._Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (U.S. Army)">Captain</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td align="right">June 12, 1946<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1946-06-12</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O4_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/40px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/60px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/80px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">Major</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td align="right">July 1, 1948<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1948-07-01</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O6_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/60px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/90px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/120px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a></td> <td>Army of the United States</td> <td align="right">June 29, 1951<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1951-06-29</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O5_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/40px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/60px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/80px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">Lieutenant colonel</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td align="right">July 7, 1953<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1953-07-07</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O7_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/33px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/50px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/66px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier general</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_United_States" title="Army of the United States">Army of the United States</a></td> <td align="right">February 7, 1956<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1956-02-07</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O8_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-O8_insignia.svg/66px-US-O8_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="66" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-O8_insignia.svg/99px-US-O8_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-O8_insignia.svg/132px-US-O8_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major general</a></td> <td>Army of the United States</td> <td align="right">November 28, 1960<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1960-11-28</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O6_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/60px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/90px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/120px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td align="right">June 12, 1961<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1961-06-12</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O7_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/33px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/50px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/66px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier general</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td align="right">July 19, 1962<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1962-07-19</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O8_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-O8_insignia.svg/66px-US-O8_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="66" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-O8_insignia.svg/99px-US-O8_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-O8_insignia.svg/132px-US-O8_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major general</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td align="right">May 23, 1963<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1963-05-23</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O9_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/99px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="99" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/149px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/198px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1883" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">Lieutenant general</a></td> <td>Army of the United States</td> <td align="right">August 1, 1963<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1963-08-01</span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O10_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/US-O10_insignia.svg/140px-US-O10_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/US-O10_insignia.svg/210px-US-O10_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/US-O10_insignia.svg/280px-US-O10_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2514" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">General</a></td> <td>Army of the United States</td> <td align="right">September 4, 1964<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1964-09-04</span>)</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creighton_Abrams&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'That claim touches a nerve when put to <a href="/wiki/Gian_Gentile" title="Gian Gentile">Gian Gentile</a>. "We don't know how Iraq is going to turn out", he snaps. With that, the colonel returns to his binders. They hold reams of cable communiqués from Vietnam war commander General William Westmoreland and his successor, General Creighton Abrams. Westmoreland embodied the traditional approach: a hard-charging, hammer-swinging leader who used search-and-destroy tactics that focused on the enemy. Abrams favored counterinsurgency methods, and focused on winning the hearts and minds of the population. Gentile has stated "People think we were losing in Vietnam, and oh, a better general with better tactics came in and saved the day," he says, waving his arms for emphasis. "Nonsense." That's what led Gentile to dig through antique war correspondence from two dead generals. "There was more continuity than change in Vietnam after Abrams arrived," he says — people have it backward. And in a way he's right: Westmoreland once declared that the jungles of Vietnam were "no place for either tank or mechanized infantry units." And Abrams — well, the Army named a tank after the guy." Abrams, Gentile feels, showed up just in time to snatch the scraps of glory.'- quoted from Matthew Teague in Men's Journal<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Légion d'honneur - Commandeur</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Légion d'honneur - Chevalier</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sometimes spelt <em>Ulchi</em></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sometimes spelt <em>Taeguk</em></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">Chiến Dịch Bội Tinh</i> - Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creighton_Abrams&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nytobt-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytobt_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobt_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1974/09/04/archives/army-chief-abrams-dies-at-59-directed-us-forces-in-vietnam-tough.html">"Army Chief Abrams dies at 59, directed U.S. forces in Vietnam"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. Associated Press. September 4, 1974. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Army+Chief+Abrams+dies+at+59%2C+directed+U.S.+forces+in+Vietnam&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1974-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1974%2F09%2F04%2Farchives%2Farmy-chief-abrams-dies-at-59-directed-us-forces-in-vietnam-tough.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreighton+Abrams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gabda59-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gabda59_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gabda59_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gabda59_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vB5OAAAAIBAJ&pg=6785%2C1397051">"Gen. Abrams dead at 59"</a>. <i>Spokesman-Review</i>. (Spokane, Washington). Associated Press. September 4, 1974. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spokesman-Review&rft.atitle=Gen.+Abrams+dead+at+59&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1974-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DvB5OAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6785%252C1397051&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreighton+Abrams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Harper_Encyclopedia_of_Military_Biography" title="Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography">Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/Trevor_N._Dupuy" title="Trevor N. Dupuy">Trevor N. Dupuy</a>, Curt Johnson, David L. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,836935,00.html">the original</a> on December 15, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Nation%3A+Pattern%27s+Peer&rft.date=1967-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C836935%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreighton+Abrams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scheips-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scheips_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scheips_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scheips_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheips2005" class="citation book cs1">Scheips, Paul (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/html/books/030/30-20/CMH_Pub_30-20.pdf"><i>The Role of Federal Military Forces in Domestic Disorders, 1945–1992</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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February 15, 1971. p. (cover).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=General+Creighton+Abrams&rft.pages=%28cover%29&rft.date=1971-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fcovers%2F0%2C16641%2C19710215%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreighton+Abrams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeague2010" class="citation web cs1">Teague, Matthew (December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140311025404/http://www.mensjournal.com/magazine/print-view/is-this-any-way-to-fight-a-war-20131108">"Is This Any Way to Fight a War?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Journal" title="Men's Journal">Men's Journal</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mensjournal.com/magazine/print-view/is-this-any-way-to-fight-a-war-20131108">the original</a> on March 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Men%27s+Journal&rft.atitle=Is+This+Any+Way+to+Fight+a+War%3F&rft.date=2010-12&rft.aulast=Teague&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mensjournal.com%2Fmagazine%2Fprint-view%2Fis-this-any-way-to-fight-a-war-20131108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreighton+Abrams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammond1996" class="citation book cs1">Hammond, William (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/html/books/091/91-2/CMH_Pub_91-2-B.pdf"><i>The U.S. Army in Vietnam Public Affairs The Military and the Media, 1968–1973</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. Army Center of Military History. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1946411037" title="Special:BookSources/978-1946411037"><bdi>978-1946411037</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+U.S.+Army+in+Vietnam+Public+Affairs+The+Military+and+the+Media%2C+1968%E2%80%931973&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=U.S.+Army+Center+of+Military+History&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1946411037&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fbooks%2F091%2F91-2%2FCMH_Pub_91-2-B.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreighton+Abrams" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaddis2017" class="citation book cs1">Daddis, Gregory (2017). <i>Withdrawal: Reassessing America's Final Years in Vietnam</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0190691103" title="Special:BookSources/978-0190691103"><bdi>978-0190691103</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Withdrawal%3A+Reassessing+America%27s+Final+Years+in+Vietnam&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0190691103&rft.aulast=Daddis&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreighton+Abrams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB123/Box%2029,%20File%202,%20Kissinger%20%96%20President%20Dec%209,%201970%208,45%20pm%20%200.pdf">Mr. Kissinger/The President (tape)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hammond-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hammond_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hammond_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammond1996" class="citation book cs1">Hammond, William (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/html/books/091/91-2/index.html"><i>The U.S. Army in Vietnam Public Affairs The Military and the Media 1968–1973</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maj.Gen.+Creighton+Abrams+-+3rd+Armored+Div.+Commander+1960-62&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F3ad.com%2Fhistory%2Fcold.war%2Fabrams.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreighton+Abrams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSNBC-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MSNBC_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Neill2010" class="citation web cs1">O'Neill, Helen (29 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131206054801/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/37416579/">"Special lady for each Arlington soldier-Volunteers honor troops and make sure none is buried alone"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>.com. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Special+lady+for+each+Arlington+soldier-Volunteers+honor+troops+and+make+sure+none+is+buried+alone&rft.pub=NBC+News.com&rft.date=2010-05-29&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2F37416579&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreighton+Abrams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2013" class="citation web cs1">Lewis, Sorley (May 30, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fpri.org/article/2013/05/the-way-of-the-soldier-remembering-general-creighton-abrams/">"The Way of the Soldier: Remembering General Creighton Abrams"</a>. <i>Foreign Policy Research Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy+Research+Institute&rft.atitle=The+Way+of+the+Soldier%3A+Remembering+General+Creighton+Abrams&rft.date=2013-05-30&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Sorley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fpri.org%2Farticle%2F2013%2F05%2Fthe-way-of-the-soldier-remembering-general-creighton-abrams%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreighton+Abrams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ancexplorer.army.mil/publicwmv/#/arlington-national/search/results/1/CgZhYnJhbXMSCWNyZWlnaHRvbg--/">Burial Detail: Abrams, Creighton W (Site 21, Grave S-33)</a> – ANC Explorer</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/NOCASE-AGO_1974-32-000-WEB-0.pdf">"General Orders No. 32"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Headquarters Department of the United States Army</i>. 1974-09-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Headquarters+Department+of+the+United+States+Army&rft.atitle=General+Orders+No.+32&rft.date=1974-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farmypubs.army.mil%2Fepubs%2FDR_pubs%2FDR_a%2FNOCASE-AGO_1974-32-000-WEB-0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreighton+Abrams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://valor.militarytimes.com/hero/23000">"Creighton Abrams"</a>. <i>Military Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Military+Times&rft.atitle=Creighton+Abrams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvalor.militarytimes.com%2Fhero%2F23000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreighton+Abrams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmpric2024" class="citation cs2">Empric, Bruce E. (2024), <i>Uncommon Allies: U.S. Army Recipients of Soviet Military Decorations in World War II</i>, Teufelsberg Press, p. 104, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-8-3444-6807-5" title="Special:BookSources/979-8-3444-6807-5"><bdi>979-8-3444-6807-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uncommon+Allies%3A+U.S.+Army+Recipients+of+Soviet+Military+Decorations+in+World+War+II&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Teufelsberg+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=979-8-3444-6807-5&rft.aulast=Empric&rft.aufirst=Bruce+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreighton+Abrams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Official Register of Commissioned Officers of the United States Army, 1948</i>. Vol. I. 1948. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Official+Register+of+Commissioned+Officers+of+the+United+States+Army%2C+1948&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreighton+Abrams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creighton_Abrams&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Sorley, Lewis. <i>Thunderbolt: General Creighton Abrams and the army of his time</i>. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-70115-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-70115-0">0-671-70115-0</a></li> <li>Sorely, Lewis. "A better war. The unexamined victories and final tragedy of America's last years in Vietnam". Orlando: Harcourt, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-15-100266-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-15-100266-5">978-0-15-100266-5</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creighton_Abrams&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Creighton_Abrams" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Creighton Abrams">Creighton Abrams</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/abrams.htm">Creighton William Abrahams, Jr.</a> at ArlingtonCemetery.net, an unofficial website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pritzkermilitarylibrary.org/events/2005-02-02-lewisSorley.jsp">Interview</a> with Lewis Sorley on <i>Vietnam Chronicles: The Abrams Tapes 1968–1972</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Pritzker_Military_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Pritzker Military Library">Pritzker Military Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040206222121/http://www.bartleby.com/63/8/1208.html">Source of quotes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historynet.com/nixon-abrams-clash.htm">HistoryNet</a> – Nixon-Abrams clash</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Barksdale_Hamlett" title="Barksdale Hamlett">Barksdale Hamlett</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army</a> </b><br />1964–1967 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_E._Haines_Jr." title="Ralph E. Haines Jr.">Ralph E. Haines Jr.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">William Westmoreland</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Commander, <a href="/wiki/Military_Assistance_Command,_Vietnam" title="Military Assistance Command, Vietnam">Military Assistance Command, Vietnam</a> </b><br />1968–1972 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_C._Weyand" title="Frederick C. Weyand">Frederick C. Weyand</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Palmer_Jr." title="Bruce Palmer Jr.">Bruce Palmer Jr.</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff of the United States Army</a> </b><br />1972–1974 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Army_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Template:US Army Chiefs of Staff"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Army_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Template talk:US Army Chiefs of Staff"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Army_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Army Chiefs of Staff"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_United_States_Army" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leaders of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Commanding_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Commanding General of the United States Army">Senior Officer /<br /> Commanding General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Knox" title="Henry Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Doughty" title="John Doughty">Doughty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Harmar" title="Josiah Harmar">Harmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_St._Clair" title="Arthur St. Clair">St. Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Wayne" title="Anthony Wayne">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilkinson" title="James Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dearborn" title="Henry Dearborn">Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Brown_(general)" title="Jacob Brown (general)">J. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Macomb_(general)" title="Alexander Macomb (general)">Macomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">W. Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">McClellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Halleck" title="Henry Halleck">Halleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan">Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Schofield" title="John Schofield">Schofield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_A._Miles" title="Nelson A. Miles">Miles</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Chief of Staff of the Army"><img alt="Flag of the Chief of Staff of the Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span><br /><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Vice Chief of Staff of the Army"><img alt="Flag of the Vice Chief of Staff of the Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_the_Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_the_Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_the_Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chiefs of Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Baldwin_Marks_Young" title="Samuel Baldwin Marks Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adna_Chaffee" title="Adna Chaffee">Chaffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Bates" title="John C. Bates">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Franklin_Bell" title="J. Franklin Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Wood" title="Leonard Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wallace_Wotherspoon" title="William Wallace Wotherspoon">Wotherspoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_L._Scott" title="Hugh L. Scott">H. Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasker_H._Bliss" title="Tasker H. Bliss">Bliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peyton_C._March" title="Peyton C. March">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Pershing" title="John J. Pershing">Pershing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Hines" title="John L. Hines">Hines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Pelot_Summerall" title="Charles Pelot Summerall">Summerall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">MacArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malin_Craig" title="Malin Craig">Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Bradley" title="Omar Bradley">Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Lawton_Collins" title="J. Lawton Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Ridgway" title="Matthew Ridgway">Ridgway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_D._Taylor" title="Maxwell D. Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Lemnitzer" title="Lyman Lemnitzer">Lemnitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Decker" title="George Decker">Decker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earle_Wheeler" title="Earle Wheeler">Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Keith_Johnson" title="Harold Keith Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">Westmoreland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Palmer_Jr." title="Bruce Palmer Jr.">B. Palmer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_C._Weyand" title="Frederick C. Weyand">Weyand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_W._Rogers" title="Bernard W. Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Meyer" title="Edward C. Meyer">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Wickham_Jr." title="John A. Wickham Jr.">Wickham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_E._Vuono" title="Carl E. Vuono">Vuono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_R._Sullivan" title="Gordon R. Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Reimer" title="Dennis Reimer">Reimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Shinseki" title="Eric Shinseki">Shinseki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Schoomaker" title="Peter Schoomaker">Schoomaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Casey_Jr." title="George W. Casey Jr.">Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Dempsey" title="Martin Dempsey">Dempsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_T._Odierno" title="Raymond T. Odierno">Odierno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Milley" title="Mark Milley">Milley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._McConville" title="James C. McConville">McConville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_George" title="Randy George">George</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Vice Chiefs of Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._Lawton_Collins" title="J. Lawton Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_H._Haislip" title="Wade H. Haislip">Haislip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Hull" title="John E. Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Bolte" title="Charles L. Bolte">Bolte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williston_B._Palmer" title="Williston B. Palmer">W. Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Lemnitzer" title="Lyman Lemnitzer">Lemnitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Decker" title="George Decker">Decker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_D._Eddleman" title="Clyde D. Eddleman">Eddleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barksdale_Hamlett" title="Barksdale Hamlett">Hamlett</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_E._Haines_Jr." title="Ralph E. Haines Jr.">Haines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Palmer_Jr." title="Bruce Palmer Jr.">B. Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig" title="Alexander Haig">Haig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_C._Weyand" title="Frederick C. Weyand">Weyand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_T._Kerwin_Jr." title="Walter T. Kerwin Jr.">Kerwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Kroesen" title="Frederick Kroesen">Kroesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Vessey_Jr." title="John William Vessey Jr.">Vessey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Wickham_Jr." title="John A. Wickham Jr.">Wickham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_R._Thurman" title="Maxwell R. Thurman">Thurman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_E._Brown_Jr." title="Arthur E. Brown Jr.">A. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._RisCassi" title="Robert W. RisCassi">RisCassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_R._Sullivan" title="Gordon R. Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Reimer" title="Dennis Reimer">Reimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._H._Binford_Peay_III" title="J. H. Binford Peay III">Peay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Tilelli_Jr." title="John H. Tilelli Jr.">Tilelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_H._Griffith" title="Ronald H. Griffith">Griffith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Crouch" title="William W. Crouch">Crouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Shinseki" title="Eric Shinseki">Shinseki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Keane" title="Jack Keane">Keane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Casey_Jr." title="George W. Casey Jr.">Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Cody" title="Richard A. Cody">Cody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_W._Chiarelli" title="Peter W. Chiarelli">Chiarelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Campbell_(general)" title="John F. Campbell (general)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_B._Allyn" title="Daniel B. Allyn">Allyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._McConville" title="James C. McConville">McConville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Martin" title="Joseph M. Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_George" title="Randy George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_J._Mingus" title="James J. Mingus">Mingus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280290#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280290#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" 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