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id="toc-Enemy_casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enemy_casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Enemy casualties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enemy_casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Individual_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individual_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Individual awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individual_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cold_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cold_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cold War</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cold_War-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet 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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Into_battle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Into battle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Into_battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Second day</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Third day</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_and_fifth_days" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_and_fifth_days"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Fourth and fifth days</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth_and_fifth_days-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gulf_War_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gulf_War_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Gulf War legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gulf_War_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inactivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inactivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Inactivation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inactivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reassignment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reassignment"> <div 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">3rd Armored Division (United States)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B1_%DB%B3_%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%87%DB%8C_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7)" title="لشکر ۳ زرهی (ایالات متحده آمریکا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لشکر ۳ زرهی (ایالات متحده آمریکا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/3e_division_blind%C3%A9e_(%C3%89tats-Unis)" title="3e division blindée (États-Unis) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="3e division blindée (États-Unis)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._mehanizirana_divizija" title="3. mehanizirana divizija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="3. mehanizirana divizija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisi_Bersenjata_ke-3_(Amerika_Serikat)" title="Divisi Bersenjata ke-3 (Amerika Serikat) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Divisi Bersenjata ke-3 (Amerika Serikat)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States_Army)" title="3rd Armored Division (United States Army) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="3rd Armored Division (United States Army)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA_(%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="דיוויזיית השריון השלישית (ארצות הברית) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דיוויזיית השריון השלישית (ארצות הברית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90)" title="3-я бронетанковая дивизия (США) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="3-я бронетанковая дивизия (США)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._oklepna_divizija_(ZDA)" title="3. oklepna divizija (ZDA) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="3. oklepna divizija (ZDA)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-%D1%82%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90)" title="3-тя бронетанкова дивізія (США) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="3-тя бронетанкова дивізія (США)" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">3rd Armored Division</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3rd_US_Armored_Division_SSI.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/3rd_US_Armored_Division_SSI.svg/150px-3rd_US_Armored_Division_SSI.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/3rd_US_Armored_Division_SSI.svg/225px-3rd_US_Armored_Division_SSI.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/3rd_US_Armored_Division_SSI.svg/300px-3rd_US_Armored_Division_SSI.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1166" data-file-height="1177" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The 3rd Armored Division's shoulder sleeve insignia.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1941–1945<br />1947–1992</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Armor_Branch_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armor Branch (United States)">Armor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Armoured_warfare" title="Armoured warfare">Armored warfare</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">Typically 15,000+</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">"Spearhead"<sup id="cite_ref-SUD_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SUD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">March</th><td class="infobox-data">Spearhead March</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Operation Overlord</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Normandy landings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">Liberation of France</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Line_campaign" title="Siegfried Line campaign">Siegfried Line campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Battle of the Bulge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Western Allied invasion of Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable<br />commanders</th><td class="infobox-data">MG <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rose" title="Maurice Rose">Maurice Rose</a> <br />MG <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Byrom_Rogers" title="Gordon Byrom Rogers">Gordon B. Rogers</a> <br />MG <a href="/wiki/Creighton_Abrams" title="Creighton Abrams">Creighton Abrams</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Flag</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_Army_3rd_Armored_Division.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army_3rd_Armored_Division.svg/155px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army_3rd_Armored_Division.svg.png" decoding="async" width="155" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army_3rd_Armored_Division.svg/233px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army_3rd_Armored_Division.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army_3rd_Armored_Division.svg/310px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army_3rd_Armored_Division.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/NATO_Joint_Military_Symbology" title="NATO Joint Military Symbology">NATO Map Symbol</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <table style="border:none; background:none;text-align: center; line-height: 20px; font-size:20px;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align: right; padding:0 2px;"><span style="background-color:; color:black;">3</span> </td> <td style="width:98;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NATO_Map_Symbol_-_Unit_Size_-_Division.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/NATO_Map_Symbol_-_Unit_Size_-_Division.svg/100px-NATO_Map_Symbol_-_Unit_Size_-_Division.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/NATO_Map_Symbol_-_Unit_Size_-_Division.svg/150px-NATO_Map_Symbol_-_Unit_Size_-_Division.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/NATO_Map_Symbol_-_Unit_Size_-_Division.svg/200px-NATO_Map_Symbol_-_Unit_Size_-_Division.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="135" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align: left; padding:0 2px;"><span style="color:black;"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:none;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Military_Symbol_-_Friendly_Unit_(Solid_Light_1.5x1_Frame)-_Armour_(NATO_APP-6).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Military_Symbol_-_Friendly_Unit_%28Solid_Light_1.5x1_Frame%29-_Armour_%28NATO_APP-6%29.svg/100px-Military_Symbol_-_Friendly_Unit_%28Solid_Light_1.5x1_Frame%29-_Armour_%28NATO_APP-6%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Military_Symbol_-_Friendly_Unit_%28Solid_Light_1.5x1_Frame%29-_Armour_%28NATO_APP-6%29.svg/150px-Military_Symbol_-_Friendly_Unit_%28Solid_Light_1.5x1_Frame%29-_Armour_%28NATO_APP-6%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Military_Symbol_-_Friendly_Unit_%28Solid_Light_1.5x1_Frame%29-_Armour_%28NATO_APP-6%29.svg/200px-Military_Symbol_-_Friendly_Unit_%28Solid_Light_1.5x1_Frame%29-_Armour_%28NATO_APP-6%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="3rd_Armored_Division_&quot;Spearhead&quot;_(1942–1945)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="3rd_Armored_Division_&quot;Spearhead&quot;_(1942–1945)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">3rd Armored Division <i>"Spearhead"</i> (1942–1945)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Parent unit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">3rd Armored Division</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/36th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="36th Infantry Regiment (United States)">36th Armored Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32nd_Armor_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="32nd Armor Regiment (United States)">32nd Armored Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33rd_Armor_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="33rd Armor Regiment (United States)">33rd Armored Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=23rd_Armored_Engineer_Battalion_(United_States)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="23rd Armored Engineer Battalion (United States) (page does not exist)">23rd Armored Engineer Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=83rd_Armored_Reconnaissance_Battalion_(United_States)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="83rd Armored Reconnaissance Battalion (United States) (page does not exist)">83rd Armored Reconnaissance Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=54th_Armored_Field_Artillery_Battalion_(United_States)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="54th Armored Field Artillery Battalion (United States) (page does not exist)">54th Armored Field Artillery Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=67th_Armored_Field_Artillery_Battalion_(United_States)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="67th Armored Field Artillery Battalion (United States) (page does not exist)">67th Armored Field Artillery Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=391st_Armored_Field_Artillery_Battalion_(United_States)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="391st Armored Field Artillery Battalion (United States) (page does not exist)">391st Armored Field Artillery Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/643rd_Tank_Destroyer_Battalion" title="643rd Tank Destroyer Battalion">643rd Tank Destroyer Battalion</a> (Dec. 1944)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=644th_Tank_Destroyer_Battalion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="644th Tank Destroyer Battalion (page does not exist)">644th Tank Destroyer Battalion</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=703rd_Tank_Destroyer_Battalion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="703rd Tank Destroyer Battalion (page does not exist)">703rd Tank Destroyer Battalion</a> (Dec. 1944 – Jan. 1945)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile" style="border-collapse: separate; margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"> U.S. Armored Divisions</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="col" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;;text-align:center;;width:50%;border-right:#f8f9fa 2px solid;"> Previous</th><th scope="col" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;;text-align:center;;width:50%;border-left:#f8f9fa 2px solid;"> Next</th></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style=";text-align:center;;width:50%;border-right:#f8f9fa 2px solid;"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Armored Division (United States)">2nd Armored Division</a> (<i>Inactive</i>)</td><td style=";text-align:center;;width:50%;border-left:#f8f9fa 2px solid;"> <a href="/wiki/4th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="4th Armored Division (United States)">4th Armored Division</a> (<i>Inactive</i>)</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>3rd Armored Division</b> (also known as "Spearhead", 3rd Armored, and 3AD) was an <a href="/wiki/Armoured_warfare" title="Armoured warfare">armored</a> <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">division</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>. Unofficially nicknamed the "Third Herd", the division was first activated in 1941 and was active in the <a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">European Theater</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The division was stationed in <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> for much of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> and also participated in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Persian Gulf War</a>. On 17 January 1992, still in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, the division ceased operations. In October 1992, it was formally inactivated as part of a general drawing down of U.S. military forces at the end of the Cold War.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II">World War II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Composition">Composition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 3rd Armored Division was organized as a "heavy" armored division, as was its counterpart, the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Armored Division (United States)">2nd Armored Division</a> ("Hell on Wheels"). Later on in World War II, higher-numbered U.S. armored divisions were made smaller, with a higher ratio of <a href="/wiki/Armoured_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Armoured Infantry">armored infantry</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tanks</a>, based on lessons learned from fighting in <a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a "heavy" division, the 3rd Armored commanded two armored <a href="/wiki/Regiment_(United_States_Army)" title="Regiment (United States Army)">regiments</a> containing a total of four medium tank <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalions</a> and two light tank battalions (18 <a href="/wiki/Company_(military_unit)" title="Company (military unit)">companies</a>) instead of the usual three tank battalions containing both light and heavy tanks (12 companies). The division commanded 232 medium tanks, compared to the 168 allotted to a standard light armored division, and commanded attached units numbering over 16,000 men in place of the usual 12,000 found in the light armored divisions. The 3rd Armored also commanded three <a href="/wiki/Mechanized_infantry" title="Mechanized infantry">armored infantry</a> battalions.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The division's core units were the <a href="/wiki/36th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="36th Infantry Regiment (United States)">36th Armored Infantry Regiment</a>, the <a href="/wiki/32nd_Armored_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="32nd Armored Regiment (United States)">32nd Armored Regiment</a>, the <a href="/wiki/33rd_Armor_Regiment" title="33rd Armor Regiment">33rd Armor Regiment</a>, the 23rd Armored Engineer Battalion,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the 83rd Armored Reconnaissance Battalion,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 143rd Armored Signal Company.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During World War II, these units were organized into task forces known as <a href="/wiki/Combat_command" title="Combat command">combat commands</a> A, B and R (Reserve).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the core units, a number of other units of various specialties were attached to the division during various operations.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The division was composed of the following units:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Headquarters Company</li> <li>Service Company</li> <li>Combat Command A</li> <li>Combat Command B</li> <li><a href="/wiki/32nd_Armor_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="32nd Armor Regiment (United States)">32nd Armored Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33rd_Armor_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="33rd Armor Regiment (United States)">33rd Armored Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36th_Armored_Infantry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="36th Armored Infantry Regiment">36th Armored Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li>83rd Armored Reconnaissance Battalion</li> <li>23rd Armored Engineer Battalion</li> <li>143rd Armored Signal Company</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Armored_Division_Artillery_(United_States)" title="3rd Armored Division Artillery (United States)">3rd Armored Division Artillery</a> <ul><li>54th Armored Field Artillery Battalion</li> <li>67th Armored Field Artillery Battalion</li> <li>391st Armored Field Artillery Battalion</li></ul></li> <li>3rd Armored Division Trains <ul><li>3rd Ordnance Maintenance Battalion</li> <li>Supply Battalion</li> <li>45th Armored Medical Battalion</li> <li>Military Police Platoon</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Attached units included:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/643rd_Tank_Destroyer_Battalion" title="643rd Tank Destroyer Battalion">643rd Tank Destroyer Battalion</a> (attached 22 to 26 December 1944)</li> <li>644th Tank Destroyer Battalion</li> <li>703rd Tank Destroyer Battalion (attached 25 June 1944 to 17 December 1944; 2 January 1945 to 9 May 1945)</li> <li>803rd Tank Destroyer Battalion (attached 25 June 1944 to 2 July 1944)</li> <li>413th <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">AAA</a> Gun Battalion (attached 7 July 1944 to 16 July 1944)</li> <li>486th AAA Auto-Weapons Battalion (attached 25 June 1944 to 9 May 1945)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Training_timeline">Training timeline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Training timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3adThankyoukisss.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/3adThankyoukisss.jpg/170px-3adThankyoukisss.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/3adThankyoukisss.jpg/255px-3adThankyoukisss.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/3adThankyoukisss.jpg 2x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption>3rd AD soldier and a young admirer</figcaption></figure> <p>The 3rd Armored was activated on 15 April 1941 at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Beauregard" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Beauregard">Camp Beauregard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">LA</a>. In June 1941, it moved to Camp Polk, Louisiana (now <a href="/wiki/Fort_Johnson" title="Fort Johnson">Fort Johnson</a>). On 9 March 1942, it came under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Army_Ground_Forces" title="Army Ground Forces">Army Ground Forces</a> and was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/II_Corps_(United_States)" title="II Corps (United States)">II Armored Corps</a>. In July 1942 it was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Camp_Young" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Young">Camp Young</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a> and from August to October 1942, took part in maneuvers at the <a href="/wiki/Desert_Training_Center" title="Desert Training Center">Desert Training Center</a> there. It left Camp Young in January 1943 and moved to the <a href="/wiki/Indiantown_Gap_Military_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiantown Gap Military Reservation">Indiantown Gap Military Reservation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The division arrived in the European Theatre on 15 September 1943, conducting pre-invasion training near <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a> in <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>. It remained in <a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> until 24 June 1944, when it departed to partake in the <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a> operations.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combat_service">Combat service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Combat service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first elements of the 3rd Armored saw combat on 29 June in France, with the division as a whole beginning combat operations on 9 July 1944. During this time, it was under the command of <a href="/wiki/U.S._VII_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. VII Corps">VII Corps</a> and <a href="/wiki/XVIII_Airborne_Corps_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="XVIII Airborne Corps (United States)">XVIII Airborne Corps</a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._First_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. First Army">First Army</a>, but was later reassigned to the <a href="/wiki/XIX_Corps_(United_States)" title="XIX Corps (United States)">XIX Corps</a> under the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Ninth_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Ninth Army">Ninth Army</a> and the for the rest of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The division was the "spearhead" of the First Army through the <a href="/wiki/Normandy_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Normandy Campaign">Normandy Campaign</a>, taking part in a number of engagements, most notably in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint-L%C3%B4" title="Battle of Saint-Lô">Battle of Saint-Lô</a>, where it suffered significant casualties. After facing heavy fighting in the <a href="/wiki/Hedgerows" class="mw-redirect" title="Hedgerows">hedgerows</a> and developing methods to overcome the vast thickets of brush and earth that constrained its mobility, the unit broke out at <a href="/wiki/Marigny,_Manche" title="Marigny, Manche">Marigny</a> alongside the <a href="/wiki/1st_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Infantry Division (United States)">1st Infantry Division</a> and swung south to Mayenne. 3rd AD engineers and maintenance crews solved the problem of the Norman hedgerows by taking the large <a href="/wiki/I-beam" title="I-beam">I-Beam</a> invasion barriers from the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Wall" title="Atlantic Wall">beaches at Normandy</a> and welding them on the fronts of <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherman Tank">Sherman tanks</a> as large crossing rams. They would then hit the hedgerows at high speed, bursting through them without exposing the vulnerable underbellies of the tanks.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The division was next ordered to help close the <a href="/wiki/Argentan-Falaise_pocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentan-Falaise pocket">Argentan-Falaise Pocket</a> containing the <a href="/wiki/7th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="7th Army (Wehrmacht)">German Seventh Army</a>, which it finished by 18 August near <a href="/wiki/Putanges-Pont-%C3%89crepin" title="Putanges-Pont-Écrepin">Putanges</a>. Six days later, the outfit had sped through <a href="/wiki/Courville-sur-Eure" title="Courville-sur-Eure">Courville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chartres" title="Chartres">Chartres</a> and was approaching the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Seine_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Seine River">Seine River</a>. On the night of 25 August 1944, the division began the crossing of the Seine; once completed, the 3rd moved across France, reaching the <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgian</a> border on 2 September 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Liberated in the path of the division were <a href="/wiki/Meaux" title="Meaux">Meaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soissons" title="Soissons">Soissons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laon" title="Laon">Laon</a>, Marle, <a href="/wiki/Mons,_Belgium" title="Mons, Belgium">Mons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charleroi" title="Charleroi">Charleroi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The division cut off 40,000 <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> troops <a href="/wiki/Mons_Pocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Mons Pocket">at Mons</a> and captured 8,000 prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:39th_Infantry_Brigade_of_the_US_Army_crossing_the_Siegfried_Line,_Germany_-_September_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/39th_Infantry_Brigade_of_the_US_Army_crossing_the_Siegfried_Line%2C_Germany_-_September_1944.jpg/220px-39th_Infantry_Brigade_of_the_US_Army_crossing_the_Siegfried_Line%2C_Germany_-_September_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/39th_Infantry_Brigade_of_the_US_Army_crossing_the_Siegfried_Line%2C_Germany_-_September_1944.jpg/330px-39th_Infantry_Brigade_of_the_US_Army_crossing_the_Siegfried_Line%2C_Germany_-_September_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/39th_Infantry_Brigade_of_the_US_Army_crossing_the_Siegfried_Line%2C_Germany_-_September_1944.jpg/440px-39th_Infantry_Brigade_of_the_US_Army_crossing_the_Siegfried_Line%2C_Germany_-_September_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1444" data-file-height="1156" /></a><figcaption>Division troops crossing the <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Siegfried line">Siegfried line</a> to Germany.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hurtgen_and_the_Bulge">Hurtgen and the Bulge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hurtgen and the Bulge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 10 September 1944, the 3rd, now nicknamed the "Spearhead Division", fired what it claimed was the first American <a href="/wiki/Field_artillery" title="Field artillery">field artillery</a> shell onto German soil of the war. Two days later, it passed the German border and soon breached the <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Line" title="Siegfried Line">Siegfried Line</a> after taking part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_H%C3%BCrtgen_Forest" title="Battle of Hürtgen Forest">Battle of Hürtgen Forest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 3rd Armored Division fought far north of the deepest German penetration during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Battle of the Bulge</a>. The division worked its way south in an attack designed to help wipe out the bulge and bring First Army's line abreast of General <a href="/wiki/George_S._Patton" title="George S. Patton">George S. Patton</a>'s Third Army, which was fighting northward toward <a href="/wiki/Houffalize" title="Houffalize">Houffalize</a>. It severed a vital highway leading to <a href="/wiki/St._Vith" title="St. Vith">St. Vith</a> and later reached <a href="/wiki/Lierneux" title="Lierneux">Lierneux</a>, Belgium, where it halted to refit.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3ADNordhausen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/3ADNordhausen.jpg/170px-3ADNordhausen.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/3ADNordhausen.jpg/255px-3ADNordhausen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/3ADNordhausen.jpg/340px-3ADNordhausen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="368" /></a><figcaption>General Boudinot and 3rd AD Officers question locals after liberation of concentration camp</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MauriceRose.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/MauriceRose.jpg/170px-MauriceRose.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/MauriceRose.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="171" data-file-height="275" /></a><figcaption>Major General <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rose" title="Maurice Rose">Maurice Rose</a>, Killed in Action, March 1945</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Into_the_German_heartland">Into the German heartland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Into the German heartland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After a month of rest, the division resumed its offensive to the east, and on 26 February, rolled back inside Germany. In the following weeks, the 3rd bolted across the <a href="/wiki/Roer_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Roer River">Roer River</a> and seized several towns, crossed the <a href="/wiki/Erft" title="Erft">Erft</a>, and at last broke through to the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine River</a> to capture <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> by 7 March.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the engagement in Cologne, a spectacular film was shot of a 3rd Division T-26E Pershing ("Eagle 7") defeating a German PzKPfW V "Panther" that caught the Pershing by surprise in the city streets on 6 March.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two weeks later, it crossed the Rhine at <a href="/wiki/Honnef" class="mw-redirect" title="Honnef">Honnef</a>, a town south of Cologne.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 31 March, the commander of the division, <a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rose" title="Maurice Rose">Maurice Rose</a>, rounded a corner in his jeep and found himself face to face with a German tank. As he withdrew his pistol either to throw it to the ground or in an attempt to fight back, the young German tank commander, apparently misunderstanding Rose's intentions, shot and killed the general.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Cologne, the division swept up <a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a> in its advance to shut the back door to the <a href="/wiki/Ruhr_Pocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruhr Pocket">Ruhr Pocket</a>. In April, the division crossed the <a href="/wiki/Saale" title="Saale">Saale River</a> north of Halle and sped on toward the <a href="/wiki/Elbe_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbe River">Elbe River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 11 April 1945, the 3rd Armored discovered the <a href="/wiki/Dora-Mittelbau" class="mw-redirect" title="Dora-Mittelbau">Dora-Mittelbau</a> <a href="/wiki/Concentration_Camps_in_Nazi_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Concentration Camps in Nazi Germany">concentration camp</a>. The division was the first to arrive on the scene, reporting back to headquarters that it had uncovered a large concentration camp near the town of <a href="/wiki/Nordhausen,_Thuringia" title="Nordhausen, Thuringia">Nordhausen</a>. With help from the <a href="/wiki/104th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="104th Infantry Division (United States)">104th Infantry Division</a>, the 3rd immediately began transporting some 250 prisoners to nearby hospitals.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The division's last major fighting in the war was the Battle of <a href="/wiki/Dessau" title="Dessau">Dessau</a>, which the division captured on 23 April 1945 after three days of combat. Following the action at Dessau, the division moved into corps reserve at <a href="/wiki/Sangerhausen" title="Sangerhausen">Sangerhausen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occupational duty near <a href="/wiki/Langen,_Hesse" title="Langen, Hesse">Langen</a> was given to the division following <a href="/wiki/Victory_in_Europe_Day" title="Victory in Europe Day">V-E Day</a>, a role it filled until inactivation on 10 November 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casualties">Casualties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Casualties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 3rd Armored Division suffered the following casualties:<sup id="cite_ref-Nonbattle_Deaths_1953_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nonbattle_Deaths_1953-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Total battle casualties:</b> 9,243</li> <li><b>Killed in action:</b> 1,810</li> <li><b>Wounded in action:</b> 6,963</li> <li><b>Missing in action:</b> 104</li> <li><b>Prisoner of war:</b> 366</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enemy_casualties">Enemy casualties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Enemy casualties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The division inflicted the following enemy casualties:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Combat vehicles destroyed:</b> 6,751</li> <li><b>Prisoners of war:</b> 76,720</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individual_awards">Individual awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Individual awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Members of the division received the following awards:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Service Cross (United States)">Distinguished Service Crosses</a> – 17</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legions_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Legions of Merit">Legions of Merit</a> – 23</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Star" title="Silver Star">Silver Stars</a> – 885</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldiers_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Soldiers Medal">Soldiers Medal</a> – 32</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Star_Medal" title="Bronze Star Medal">Bronze Stars</a> – 3,884</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Hearts</a> – in excess of 10,500</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Medal" title="Air Medal">Air Medals</a> – 138</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)">Distinguished Flying Crosses</a> – 3</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cold_War">Cold War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cold War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/CENTAG_wartime_structure_in_1989#3rd_Armored_Division" title="CENTAG wartime structure in 1989">CENTAG wartime structure in 1989 § 3rd Armored Division</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elvis_Presley_in_Germany.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Elvis_Presley_in_Germany.jpg/220px-Elvis_Presley_in_Germany.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Elvis_Presley_in_Germany.jpg/330px-Elvis_Presley_in_Germany.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Elvis_Presley_in_Germany.jpg/440px-Elvis_Presley_in_Germany.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ray_Barracks" title="Ray Barracks">Ray Barracks</a>, 1958</figcaption></figure> <p>The division was reactivated on 15 July 1947 at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Knox" title="Fort Knox">Fort Knox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> as a training formation. In 1955, the 3rd Armored Division was reorganized for combat and was shipped to Germany the next year. It replaced the <a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="4th Infantry Division (United States)">4th Infantry Division</a> under a program called <a href="/wiki/Operation_Gyroscope" title="Operation Gyroscope">Operation Gyroscope</a>. It was the first U.S. armored division to be stationed east of the Rhine in the Cold War. The division, headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a>, served in Cold War Germany for approximately 36 years, from May 1956 to July 1992, with the exception of time spent in <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> during the leadup to and fighting of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three main combat forces headquarters for the 3rd AD were (1) <a href="/wiki/Ayers_Kaserne" title="Ayers Kaserne">Ayers Kaserne</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirch-Goens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kirch-Goens (page does not exist)">Kirch-Goens</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schloss_Kaserne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schloss Kaserne (page does not exist)">Schloss Kaserne</a> at <a href="/wiki/Butzbach" title="Butzbach">Butzbach</a> (The forces at these Kasernes initially formed Combat Command "A" [CCA] of the 3rd Armored Division), (2) <a href="/wiki/Coleman_Kaserne" title="Coleman Kaserne">Coleman Kaserne</a> at <a href="/wiki/Gelnhausen" title="Gelnhausen">Gelnhausen</a> (CCB/2d Brigade); and (3) <a href="/wiki/Ray_Barracks" title="Ray Barracks">Ray Barracks</a> at <a href="/wiki/Friedberg,_Hesse" title="Friedberg, Hesse">Friedberg</a> (CCC/3rd Brigade).<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Elvis_Presley" title="Military career of Elvis Presley">Military career of Elvis Presley</a></div> <p>The most famous soldier in the division during the 1950s was <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, who was assigned to the 1st Medium Tank Battalion, <a href="/wiki/32nd_Cavalry_Regiment" title="32nd Cavalry Regiment">32d Armor</a>, at Ray Barracks. After his time in service, Presley made a movie called <i><a href="/wiki/G.I._Blues" title="G.I. Blues">G.I. Blues</a></i> in which he portrays a 3rd Armored Division tank crewman with little field duty but with much opportunity for singing, particularly at Frankfurt. In real life Presley was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">sergeant</a> near the end of his tour in Germany without the prospect of attending the 3d Armored Division Non Commissioned Officer Academy. In the movie he wears the insignia of a <a href="/wiki/Specialist_(rank)" title="Specialist (rank)">specialist five</a> rather than sergeant's stripes.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3rd_Armored_Division_M60A3_tanks_and_armored_personnel_carriers_near_the_Sembach_Air_Base_exit_ramp_DF-ST-83-05568.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/3rd_Armored_Division_M60A3_tanks_and_armored_personnel_carriers_near_the_Sembach_Air_Base_exit_ramp_DF-ST-83-05568.jpg/220px-3rd_Armored_Division_M60A3_tanks_and_armored_personnel_carriers_near_the_Sembach_Air_Base_exit_ramp_DF-ST-83-05568.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/3rd_Armored_Division_M60A3_tanks_and_armored_personnel_carriers_near_the_Sembach_Air_Base_exit_ramp_DF-ST-83-05568.jpg/330px-3rd_Armored_Division_M60A3_tanks_and_armored_personnel_carriers_near_the_Sembach_Air_Base_exit_ramp_DF-ST-83-05568.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/3rd_Armored_Division_M60A3_tanks_and_armored_personnel_carriers_near_the_Sembach_Air_Base_exit_ramp_DF-ST-83-05568.jpg/440px-3rd_Armored_Division_M60A3_tanks_and_armored_personnel_carriers_near_the_Sembach_Air_Base_exit_ramp_DF-ST-83-05568.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1997" data-file-height="2968" /></a><figcaption>3rd Armored Division M60A3 tanks and armored personnel carriers near the <a href="/wiki/Sembach_Kaserne" title="Sembach Kaserne">Sembach Air Base</a> exit ramp.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a> also served in the division. He was assigned to the 2nd Armored Rifle Battalion, 48th Infantry, Combat Command B, Coleman Kaserne, Gelnhausen, between 1958 and 1960. His first Army command assignment was infantry platoon leader.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 3rd Armored's primary mission between May 1956 to July 1992 was, in the event of war, to defend the <a href="/wiki/Fulda_Gap" title="Fulda Gap">Fulda Gap</a> alongside other <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> elements and if ordered, use tactical nuclear weapons against numerically superior <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a> forces. The Division Artillery's (DIVARTY) <a href="/wiki/333rd_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="333rd Field Artillery Regiment">333rd Field Artillery Regiment</a> was equipped with <a href="/wiki/MGM-52_Lance" title="MGM-52 Lance">MGM-52 Lance</a> surface-to-surface <a href="/wiki/Tactical_nuclear_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Tactical nuclear missile">tactical nuclear missiles</a> in case conventional firepower was not enough to stop advancing Warsaw Pact forces if an invasion took place. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Army Europe">USAREUR</a> maxed out its Cold War troop strength in June 1962; that number was never achieved again. Also in June 1962, the nuclear warheads for U.S. <a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett_(nuclear_device)" title="Davy Crockett (nuclear device)">Davy Crockett</a> devices arrived in Europe (3rd AD combat maneuver battalions were issued Davy Crocketts).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late October 1962, during the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a>, Soviet Forces, including those in the <a href="/wiki/Group_of_Soviet_Forces_in_Germany" title="Group of Soviet Forces in Germany">Group of Soviet Forces in Germany</a> (GSFG), were placed on the highest alert level, as there was no way to communicate between <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. Two of the five armies in the GSFG were positioned to advance through the <a href="/wiki/Fulda_Gap" title="Fulda Gap">Fulda Gap</a> – the <a href="/wiki/8th_Guards_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="8th Guards Army">8th Guards Army</a>, containing three motor rifle divisions and one tank division, and <a href="/wiki/1st_Guards_Tank_Army" title="1st Guards Tank Army">1st Guards Tank Army</a>, containing four tank divisions and one motor rifle division. From 1963 onwards, <a href="/wiki/Reorganization_Objective_Army_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Reorganization Objective Army Division">Reorganization Objective Army Division</a> (ROAD) changes meant organizational changes within the 3rd AD's three combat commands and a name changeover to "brigades" (e.g. Combat Command A became 1st Brigade).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ayerskaserne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ayerskaserne.jpg/220px-Ayerskaserne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ayerskaserne.jpg/330px-Ayerskaserne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ayerskaserne.jpg/440px-Ayerskaserne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="203" /></a><figcaption>Ayers Kaserne, 1985. Note Motorpools with Tanks, APCs & Artillery</figcaption></figure> <p>To prepare their soldiers for a potential invasion by the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a>, the 3rd Armored Division's units frequently conducted field training, including exercises of live fire, movement and communications, in <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hohenfels,_Bavaria" title="Hohenfels, Bavaria">Hohenfels</a> Training Center, <a href="/wiki/Wildflecken" title="Wildflecken">Wildflecken</a> Training Center, and <a href="/wiki/Grafenw%C3%B6hr" title="Grafenwöhr">Grafenwöhr</a> Training Center. Throughout its time in Cold War Germany, beginning in mid-1956, the division would also frequently take to the German countryside for training maneuvers, including, beginning in January 1969, what became an annually staged war game called <a href="/wiki/Reforger" class="mw-redirect" title="Reforger">Reforger</a> (REturn of FORces to GERmany), which simulated an invasion of Western Europe by Warsaw Pact forces.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ColdWar 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the Cold War, the division headquarters company, the 503rd Administrative Company, 503rd Adjutant General Company, and 503rd MP Company were based at Drake <a href="/wiki/Kaserne" title="Kaserne">Kaserne</a> in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, with 143rd Signal Battalion and other support units stationed across the street at Edwards Kaserne in Frankfurt, West Germany. A number of its subunits were based in other Kasernes throughout the German state of <a href="/wiki/Hessen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hessen">Hessen</a>, notably Ayers Kaserne (50° 28' 32.44" N 8° 38' 29.24" E) at Kirch-Goens and Schloss Kaserne at <a href="/wiki/Butzbach" title="Butzbach">Butzbach</a> (CCA/1st Brigade), <a href="/wiki/Gelnhausen" title="Gelnhausen">Gelnhausen</a> (CCB/2d Brigade), Ray Barracks at <a href="/wiki/Friedberg,_Bavaria" title="Friedberg, Bavaria">Friedberg</a> (CCC/3rd Brigade) and Fliegerhorst near <a href="/wiki/Hanau" title="Hanau">Hanau</a> (eventually converted to the division's Aviation Brigade base). The NCO Academy contained two companies: Co. A was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Kransberg_Castle" title="Kransberg Castle">medieval castle at Usingen-Kransberg</a>, while Co. B was located in Butzbach. The division itself was of comprised an average of 15,000 soldiers organized into three combat commands (CCs) of comparable sizes to the World War II combat commands. These brigades were manned by at least one battalion each of infantry, armor, and artillery, and various supporting units, including medical, engineer, and aviation elements.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3rd_US_Armored_Division_1989.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/3rd_US_Armored_Division_1989.png/220px-3rd_US_Armored_Division_1989.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/3rd_US_Armored_Division_1989.png/330px-3rd_US_Armored_Division_1989.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/3rd_US_Armored_Division_1989.png/440px-3rd_US_Armored_Division_1989.png 2x" data-file-width="1879" data-file-height="832" /></a><figcaption>3rd Armored Division structure 1989 (click to enlarge)</figcaption></figure> <p>The division was also assigned the dedicated 533rd Military Intelligence/CEWI (Combat Electronic Warfare and Intelligence) Battalion by 1980, replacing the 503rd MI Company that previously supported the division intelligence staff.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the kasernes were located adjacent to or within German communities, leading to lively trade and interaction between soldiers and German civilians. A few, however, were somewhat remotely located, particularly Ayers Kaserne ("The Rock")(50° 28' 32.44" N 8° 38' 29.24" E) outside <a href="/wiki/Kirch-G%C3%B6ns" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirch-Göns">Kirch-Goens</a>, where the 1st Brigade was stationed.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As communism in eastern Europe collapsed in the late 1980s, the <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">two German states reunited</a>, and the Soviet Army was beginning to withdraw back to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. With these events, the Cold War came to a peaceful conclusion, freeing U.S. Army units in Europe for other deployments.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Note: As indicated in the yearly issues during the Vietnam War of <i>Annual Historical Summary – Headquarters United States Army, Europe and Seventh Army</i>, the USAREUR training maneuver budgets dramatically dried up during the Vietnam War years. Significantly reduced training funds were first mentioned in the 1 January to 31 December 1966 edition of the USAREUR <i>Annual Historical Summary</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>Throughout the summer of 1990, in response to the winding down of the Cold War, 3AD was instructed to begin selective standing down of various division elements. Some units, for example the 3rd Battalion, 5th Air Defense Artillery, were turning in equipment and cross-leveling with other 3AD units when momentous events in the Middle East developed in August 1990. That month, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Kuwait">invaded Kuwait</a>, and soon after, President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> committed U.S. troops to the theater, first to defend <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, and then to eject Iraqi troops from <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>. Deployment of advance elements of 3AD began in December, with the remaining deploying units arriving by January. Units that had drawn down were replaced or augmented back to full strength. As an example, 3–5 ADA was replaced by the 8th Infantry Division's 5th Battalion, 3rd Air Defense Artillery. Other units were attached to 3AD to bring it up to, and even beyond, full strength.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deployment_and_retraining">Deployment and retraining</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Deployment and retraining"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3adpaulfunk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/3adpaulfunk.jpg/200px-3adpaulfunk.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/3adpaulfunk.jpg/300px-3adpaulfunk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/3adpaulfunk.jpg/400px-3adpaulfunk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="326" /></a><figcaption>MG Paul Funk reviews plans with Brigade Commanders and Aides – note woodland camouflage</figcaption></figure> <p>The 3rd Armored Division, then commanded by Major General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_E._Funk_(general)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul E. Funk (general) (page does not exist)">Paul Funk</a>, was one of four U.S. heavy divisions deployed with <a href="/wiki/VII_Corps_(United_States)" title="VII Corps (United States)">VII Corps</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Gulf Region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The division and its equipment were shifted from Germany to Saudi Arabia, with <a href="/wiki/Army_National_Guard" title="Army National Guard">Army National Guard</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve" title="United States Army Reserve">Army Reserve</a> <a href="/wiki/Reserve_components_of_the_United_States_armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserve components of the United States armed forces">elements</a> taking over some of their duties in Germany, while in others, kasernes were left virtually empty. This massive deployment was made possible by the end of the Cold War.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After deployment, the division acclimated to the <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">desert</a> climate, and its troops faced new challenges in mobility, tactics and maintenance in a sandy and hot climate. Various National Guard and Army Reserve units were attached to the division for the duration of the conflict, swelling the division's size to over 20,000 troops – 25% larger than during its time in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of the division's troops never received <a href="/wiki/Desert_Battle_Dress_Uniform" title="Desert Battle Dress Uniform">Desert Battle Dress Uniforms</a> due to equipment shortages, and fought instead in lightweight summer "<a href="/wiki/M81_Woodland" class="mw-redirect" title="M81 Woodland">woodland pattern</a>" uniforms covered by tanker suits or chemical warfare protective <a href="/wiki/MOPP_(protective_gear)" title="MOPP (protective gear)">MOPP</a> suits.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deployment_order_of_battle">Deployment order of battle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Deployment order of battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For Desert Storm, the division consisted of:<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (May 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>1st <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">Brigade</a>: <ul><li>Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC), 1st Brigade</li> <li>4th Battalion, <a href="/wiki/32nd_Armor_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="32nd Armor Regiment (United States)">32d Armor</a></li> <li>3d Battalion, <a href="/wiki/U.S._5th_Cavalry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. 5th Cavalry Regiment">5th Cavalry</a></li> <li>5th Battalion, 5th Cavalry</li></ul></li> <li>2d Brigade: <ul><li>HHC, 2d Brigade</li> <li>3d Battalion, <a href="/wiki/8th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="8th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">8th Cavalry</a></li> <li>4th Battalion, 8th Cavalry</li> <li>4th Battalion, <a href="/wiki/18th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="18th Infantry Regiment (United States)">18th Infantry</a></li></ul></li> <li>3d Brigade: <ul><li>HHC, 3d Brigade</li> <li>2d Battalion, <a href="/wiki/67th_Armor_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="67th Armor Regiment (United States)">67th Armor</a></li> <li>4th Battalion, 67th Armor</li> <li>5th Battalion, 18th Infantry</li></ul></li> <li>Aviation Brigade: <ul><li>HHC, Aviation Brigade</li> <li>4th Squadron, <a href="/wiki/7th_Cavalry_Regiment" title="7th Cavalry Regiment">7th Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Battalion,_227th_Aviation_Regiment_(United_States)" title="2nd Battalion, 227th Aviation Regiment (United States)">2d Battalion, 227th Aviation</a> (augmented with Co A, 5–229th AVN just before ground war began)</li> <li>3d Battalion, 227th Aviation (detached and assigned to XVIII Airborne Corps prior to 3AD deployment)</li> <li>9th Battalion, 227th Aviation</li> <li>Task Force Viper</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Armored_Division_Artillery_(United_States)" title="3rd Armored Division Artillery (United States)">Division Artillery</a> (DIVARTY): <ul><li>Headquarters and Headquarters Battery (HHB), DIVARTY</li> <li>Battery A, <a href="/wiki/40th_Field_Artillery_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="40th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)">40th Field Artillery</a></li> <li>Battery F, <a href="/wiki/333rd_Field_Artillery_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="333rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)">333rd Field Artillery</a></li> <li>2d Battalion, <a href="/wiki/3rd_Field_Artillery_Regiment_(United_States)" title="3rd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)">3rd Field Artillery</a></li> <li>2d Battalion, <a href="/wiki/82nd_Field_Artillery_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="82nd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)">82nd Field Artillery</a></li> <li>4th Battalion, <a href="/wiki/82nd_Field_Artillery_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="82nd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)">82nd Field Artillery</a></li></ul></li> <li>Division Support Command (DISCOM): <ul><li>HHC, DISCOM</li> <li>22d Chemical Company</li> <li>503d Forward Support Battalion</li> <li>54th Forward Support Battalion</li> <li>45th Forward Support Battalion</li> <li>122d Main Support Battalion</li></ul></li> <li>Division Troops: <ul><li>HHC, 3d Armored Division</li> <li>3d Armored Division Band</li> <li>503d Military Police Company</li> <li>23d Engineer Battalion</li> <li>143d Signal Battalion</li> <li>533d Military Intelligence Battalion (CEWI) <ul><li>Note: 3d Battalion, <a href="/wiki/5th_Air_Defense_Artillery_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Air Defense Artillery Regiment (United States)">5th Air Defense Artillery</a> had inactivated and did not deploy to Desert Shield/Storm</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Attached Units: <ul><li>4th Battalion, <a href="/wiki/34th_Armor" class="mw-redirect" title="34th Armor">34th Armor</a> (from <a href="/wiki/8th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="8th Infantry Division (United States)">8th ID</a> (M))</li> <li>5th Battalion, <a href="/wiki/3rd_Air_Defense_Artillery_Regiment" title="3rd Air Defense Artillery Regiment">3d Air Defense Artillery</a> (from 8th ID (M))</li> <li>3rd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/20th_Field_Artillery_Regiment_(United_States)" title="20th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)">20th Field Artillery</a></li> <li>2d Battalion, 29th Field Artillery (from <a href="/wiki/8th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="8th Infantry Division (United States)">8th ID</a> (M))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Engineer_Battalion_(United_States)" title="12th Engineer Battalion (United States)">12th Engineer Battalion</a> (from 8th ID (M))</li> <li>302d RAOC</li> <li>323d Chemical Company</li> <li>148th <a href="/wiki/Public_affairs_(military)" title="Public affairs (military)">Public Affairs Detachment</a>, IDARNG</li> <li>369th Personnel Service Company</li> <li>Company C, 17th Signal Battalion</li> <li>43d Ordnance Detachment (EOD)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Into_battle">Into battle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Into battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> After months of training, the division moved to the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_departure" title="Line of departure">line of departure</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/1st_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Armored Division (United States)">1st Armored Division</a> on its left flank and the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Armored_Cavalry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment">2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment</a> on its right flank. While the Iraqi Army concentrated much of its defenses in and around Kuwait itself, the 3rd AD and VII Corps launched a massive armored attack into Iraq, just to the west of Kuwait, taking the Iraqis completely by surprise.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3_AD_Iraq.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/3_AD_Iraq.jpg/400px-3_AD_Iraq.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/3_AD_Iraq.jpg/600px-3_AD_Iraq.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/3_AD_Iraq.jpg 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="145" /></a><figcaption>A 3rd AD Brigade along the line of departure</figcaption></figure> <p>Scouts from 2nd Brigade crossed the border on the afternoon of 23 February 1991 just after 1500 hours. Less than two hours later, they had penetrated several miles into Iraq and managed to capture over 200 prisoners. On 24 February, the official first day of action, the division as a whole swung into action as part of a coordinated attack by hundreds of thousands of <a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_the_Gulf_War" title="Coalition of the Gulf War">Coalition</a> troops. By dawn on the second day, an additional 50 prisoners had been taken, with scouts reporting enemy reinforcements moving to meet the division.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_day">Second day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Second day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> At 1115 hours on the second day of the invasion, all elements of the division finally moved across the line of departure. The day was marked by hard pushing to penetrate deep and fast for an objective south of <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a>. In the course of its drive, various elements of 3AD engaged the enemy, taking prisoners, skirmishing, sometimes bypassing enemy strongholds to gain ground, and other times engaging in full-scale battle.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Destroyed_Iraqi_T-62.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Destroyed_Iraqi_T-62.jpg/180px-Destroyed_Iraqi_T-62.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Destroyed_Iraqi_T-62.jpg/270px-Destroyed_Iraqi_T-62.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Destroyed_Iraqi_T-62.jpg/360px-Destroyed_Iraqi_T-62.jpg 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="406" /></a><figcaption>Iraqi Tank knocked out by 3rd AD fire</figcaption></figure> <p>By nightfall of the second day, 3AD had driven 53 miles into Iraq, with dozens of enemy vehicles destroyed, hundreds of POWs captured, and was on the verge of achieving its first objective – an accomplishment that war planners had not anticipated.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_day">Third day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Third day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the third day of combat, 26 February, the division closed in on its objective and faced for the first time the Iraqi <a href="/wiki/Republican_Guard_(Iraq)" title="Republican Guard (Iraq)">Republican Guard</a>, a much stronger foe than the conscripts the division had first engaged, and less inclined to retreat or surrender. Opposing forces included the highly touted Republican Guard <a href="/w/index.php?title=%22Tawakalna%22_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=""Tawakalna" Division (page does not exist)">"Tawakalna" Division</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_52nd_Armored_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iraqi 52nd Armored Division (page does not exist)">Iraqi 52nd Armored Division</a> and elements of the 17th and the 10th Armored Divisions. The division engaged in full scale tank battles for the first time since World War II, with one of the division's veterans stating "there was more than enough action for everyone".<sup id="cite_ref-:3_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Action continued after nightfall, and by 1840 hours, the ground and air elements of the 3rd AD reported over 20 tanks, 14 <a href="/wiki/Armored_personnel_carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Armored personnel carrier">APCs</a>, several trucks and some artillery pieces destroyed. That same evening, the 4th Battalion, 32nd Armor lost the division's first casualties, with two soldiers killed and three wounded to 25mm cannon fire and the <a href="/wiki/Bradley_Fighting_Vehicle" title="Bradley Fighting Vehicle">Bradley Fighting Vehicle</a> they were in destroyed. During the night, both darkness and sandstorms hampered soldiers' visibility, but <a href="/wiki/Thermal_vision" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal vision">thermal sighting systems</a> onboard the <a href="/wiki/M1A1_Abrams" class="mw-redirect" title="M1A1 Abrams">M1A1 Abrams</a> tanks and Bradleys allowed gunners to continue to knock out Iraqi targets.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_29-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourth_and_fifth_days">Fourth and fifth days</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Fourth and fifth days"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the fourth day, the division had reached its objective and was pursuing its now retreating enemy. The division turned east into Kuwait, continuing to inflict heavy casualties and capture troops as it rolled forward, often hitting Iraqi units whose <a href="/wiki/Berm" title="Berm">defensive berms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foxhole_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foxhole (military)">foxholes</a> faced south from their northern flank, rendering their defenses ineffective. By nightfall, forces facing 3AD had been virtually eliminated, with their remnants in full retreat.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_29-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the fifth day of combat, 28 February, the division had achieved all of its original objectives. It had cleared Objective Dorset after meeting stiff resistance and destroying more than 300 enemy vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-VUA_Citation_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VUA_Citation-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 3rd Brigade, 3AD had also captured 2,500 enemy prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-VUA_Citation_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VUA_Citation-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The division was now pushing east to block the Iraqi retreat from Kuwait and conduct mopping up operations.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_29-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Less than one hundred hours after the ground campaign started, President Bush declared a <a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">ceasefire</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gulf_War_legacy">Gulf War legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Gulf War legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DesertStormMap_v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/DesertStormMap_v2.svg/200px-DesertStormMap_v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/DesertStormMap_v2.svg/300px-DesertStormMap_v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/DesertStormMap_v2.svg/400px-DesertStormMap_v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1056" /></a><figcaption>Click for visual of 3AD movement during Gulf War</figcaption></figure> <p>At the height of the war, the 3rd Armored Division commanded 32 battalions and 20,533 personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 3rd Armored Division was the largest coalition division in the Gulf War and the largest U.S. armored division in history. In its arsenal were 360 <a href="/wiki/M1_Abrams" title="M1 Abrams">Abrams</a> <a href="/wiki/Main_battle_tank" title="Main battle tank">main battle tanks</a>, 340 <a href="/wiki/M2_Bradley" title="M2 Bradley">Bradley Fighting Vehicles</a>, 128 self-propelled <a href="/wiki/M109_howitzer" title="M109 howitzer">155 mm howitzers</a>, 27 <a href="/wiki/Ah-64" class="mw-redirect" title="Ah-64">Apache</a> attack helicopters, 9 <a href="/wiki/M270_Multiple_Launch_Rocket_System" title="M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System">multiple-launch rocket systems</a>, and additional equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 3rd AD served at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_73_Easting" title="Battle of 73 Easting">Battle of 73 Easting</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Norfolk" title="Battle of Norfolk">Battle of Norfolk</a>. Only three of its M1A1 Abrams tanks were damaged during combat operations.<sup id="cite_ref-Scales,_Brig_1994,_p._279_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scales,_Brig_1994,_p._279-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 3rd Armored Division suffered 15 soldiers killed between December 1990 and late February 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-Bourque_P.471_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bourque_P.471-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seven soldiers were killed in action and another 27 were wounded during combat operations.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bourque_P.471_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bourque_P.471-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1991, Division Historian Dan Peterson, comparing the performance of the division in World War II and Desert Storm, stated, "History does always repeat itself. 3rd Armored Division was the Spearhead in both wars."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the war, 3rd Armored Division was one of the first units rotated to <a href="/wiki/Camp_Doha" title="Camp Doha">Camp Doha</a>, Kuwait, providing protection to Kuwait as the country was rebuilt.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inactivation">Inactivation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Inactivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following Desert Storm, a number of the division's units were transferred to the <a href="/wiki/1st_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Armored Division (United States)">1st Armored Division</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 17 January 1992, the 3rd Armored Division officially ceased operations in Germany with a ceremony held in Frankfurt at Division Headquarters Drake Kaserne.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Sir, this is my final salute. Mission accomplished," said Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Jerry_R._Rutherford" title="Jerry R. Rutherford">Jerry Rutherford</a>, the division commander. Rutherford preceded the final salute to General <a href="/wiki/Crosbie_E._Saint" title="Crosbie E. Saint">Crosbie E. Saint</a>, <a href="/wiki/USAREUR" class="mw-redirect" title="USAREUR">USAREUR</a> Commander, with a loudly shouted "Spearhead!". The division colors were then returned to the United States with the 3rd AD still officially active, since Army regulations state that a Divisional "<a href="/wiki/Casing_of_the_Colors" title="Casing of the Colors">Casing of the Colors</a>" cannot occur on foreign soil.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Official Inactivation took place at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Knox" title="Fort Knox">Fort Knox</a>, on 17 October 1992. In attendance at the ceremony were several former Spearhead commanding generals and division veterans from all eras. In a traditional ceremony, Command Sgt. Major Richard L. Ross, holding the division color with battle streamers, passed it to General <a href="/wiki/Frederick_M._Franks,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick M. Franks, Jr.">Frederick M. Franks, Jr.</a>, completing the official inactivation of the division. With this ceremony, the 3rd Armored Division was removed from the active duty force structure of the U.S. Army.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reassignment">Reassignment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Reassignment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the end of the Cold War, several of the division's overseas Kasernes were transferred to other units, particularly the 1st Armored Division. Over time, many were closed, fell into disrepair, or were demolished. Some 3rd Armored units were transferred to the 1st Armored, notably the 2nd Battalion, 3rd Field Artillery, later portrayed in <i><a href="/wiki/Gunner_Palace" title="Gunner Palace">Gunner Palace</a></i>. </p><p>The 1st Battalion, 32nd Armor was reflagged and is now stationed at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Campbell" title="Fort Campbell">Fort Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/101st_Airborne_Division_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="101st Airborne Division (United States)">101st Airborne Division</a> (<a href="/wiki/Air_assault" title="Air assault">Air Assault</a>). The unit was reorganized as the 1st <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(army)" title="Squadron (army)">Squadron</a>, 32nd Cavalry Regiment, and is assigned to the 1st Brigade Combat Team of the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) as its organic <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance,_surveillance,_and_target_acquisition" title="Reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition">reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition</a> (RSTA) element. The 1st Battalion, 33rd Armor was also reflagged and stationed at Fort Campbell with the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) as the 1st Squadron, 33rd Cavalry Regiment, and is assigned to the Division's 3rd Brigade Combat Team. The 4th Squadron, 7th Cavalry later became part of 1st Brigade, <a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Infantry Division (United States)">2nd Infantry Division</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was inactivated on 2 July 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following 3AD units were assigned to the <a href="/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Cavalry Division (United States)">1st Cavalry Division</a>:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>1st Battalion, <a href="/wiki/5th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">5th Cavalry</a></li> <li>2nd Battalion, 5th Cavalry</li> <li>3rd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/8th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="8th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">8th Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/82nd_Field_Artillery_Regiment" title="82nd Field Artillery Regiment">2nd Battalion, 82nd Field Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Battalion,_227th_Aviation_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Battalion, 227th Aviation Regiment">2nd Battalion, 227th Aviation</a></li> <li>3rd Battalion, 227th Aviation</li></ul> <p>Additionally, the 122nd Support Battalion (Main) from the <a href="/wiki/Division_Support_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Division Support Command">Division Support Command</a> was reactivated at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Liberty" title="Fort Liberty">Fort Liberty</a> and assigned to the Combat Aviation Brigade, <a href="/wiki/82nd_Airborne_Division" title="82nd Airborne Division">82nd Airborne Division</a> as the 122nd Support Battalion (Aviation). The 54th Support Battalion (Main) was reactivated on 16 September 1994 as the 54th Support Battalion (Base) of the 80th Support Group (Area).<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commanders">Commanders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Commanders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 3rd Armored Division had thirty-nine commanders over the course of its history, many of whom went on to obtain four star rank.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="20" style="margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:33%;"> <ul><li>MG <a href="/wiki/Alvan_Cullom_Gillem_Jr." title="Alvan Cullom Gillem Jr.">Alvan Cullom Gillem Jr.</a> (April 1941 – January 1942)</li> <li>MG <a href="/wiki/Walton_Harris_Walker" class="mw-redirect" title="Walton Harris Walker">Walton Harris Walker</a> (January 1942 – August 1942)</li> <li>MG <a href="/wiki/Leroy_H._Watson" title="Leroy H. Watson">Leroy H. Watson</a> (August 1942 – August 1944)</li> <li>MG <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rose" title="Maurice Rose">Maurice Rose</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> (August 1944 – March 1945)</li> <li>BG <a href="/wiki/Doyle_O._Hickey" class="mw-redirect" title="Doyle O. Hickey">Doyle O. Hickey</a> (March 1945 – June 1945)</li> <li>BG Truman Everett Boudinot (June 1945 – July 1945)</li> <li>BG Frank A. Allen Jr. (July 1945)</li> <li>MG <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Grow" title="Robert W. Grow">Robert W. Grow</a> (July 1945 – November 1945)</li> <li>MG Ray T. Maddocks (July 1947 – April 1948)</li> <li>MG <a href="/wiki/Roderick_R._Allen" title="Roderick R. Allen">Roderick R. Allen</a> (April 1948 – June 1950)</li> <li>BG <a href="/wiki/Raymond_E._S._Williamson" title="Raymond E. S. Williamson">Raymond E. S. Williamson</a> (June 1950 – February 1951)</li> <li>MG <a href="/wiki/Ira_P._Swift" title="Ira P. Swift">Ira Platt Swift</a> (February 1951 – July 1951)</li> <li>BG Arthur R. Walk (July 1951 – October 1951)</li> <li>BG <a href="/wiki/Raymond_E._S._Williamson" title="Raymond E. S. Williamson">Raymond E. S. Williamson</a> (October 1951 – November 1952)</li> <li>BG <a href="/wiki/John_T._Cole" title="John T. Cole">John T. Cole</a> (November 1952 – December 1952)</li> <li>MG Richard W. Stevens (December 1952 – January 1954)</li> <li>MG <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Byrom_Rogers" title="Gordon Byrom Rogers">Gordon Byrom Rogers</a> (January 1954 – April 1955)</li> <li>MG <a href="/wiki/John_Willems" title="John Willems">John Murphy Willems</a> (April 1955 – July 1956)</li> <li>MG <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Porter_Jr." title="Robert W. Porter Jr.">Robert W. Porter Jr.</a> (July 1956 – January 1958)</li> <li>MG Thomas Fraley Van Natta III (January 1958 – July 1959)</li></ul> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:33%;"> <ul><li>MG <a href="/wiki/Frederic_J._Brown_II" title="Frederic J. Brown II">Frederic J. Brown II</a> (July 1959 – October 1960)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>MG <a href="/wiki/Creighton_Abrams" title="Creighton Abrams">Creighton Abrams</a> (October 1960 – May 1962)</li> <li>MG John Ramsey Pugh (May 1962 – February 1964)</li> <li>MG <a href="/wiki/Berton_E._Spivy_Jr." title="Berton E. Spivy Jr.">Berton E. Spivy Jr.</a> (February 1964 – March 1965)</li> <li>MG <a href="/wiki/Walter_T._Kerwin_Jr." title="Walter T. Kerwin Jr.">Walter T. Kerwin Jr.</a> (March 1965 – October 1966)</li> <li>MG <a href="/wiki/Welborn_G._Dolvin" title="Welborn G. Dolvin">Welborn G. Dolvin</a> (October 1966 – April 1968)</li> <li>MG Donald H. Cowles (April 1968 – August 1969)</li> <li>MG Morgan G. Roseborough (August 1969 – May 1971)</li> <li>MG William R. Kraft Jr. (May 1971 – March 1973)</li> <li>MG Jonathan R. Burton (March 1973 – June 1975)</li> <li>MG Charles J. Simmons (June 1975 – November 1977)</li> <li>MG <a href="/wiki/Wallace_H._Nutting" title="Wallace H. Nutting">Wallace H. Nutting</a> (November 1977 – September 1979)</li> <li>MG <a href="/wiki/Walter_F._Ulmer" title="Walter F. Ulmer">Walter F. Ulmer</a> Jr. (September 1979 – February 1982)</li> <li>MG <a href="/wiki/Thurman_Anderson" title="Thurman Anderson">Thurman Anderson</a> (February 1982 – March 1984)</li> <li>MG <a href="/wiki/Richard_G._Graves" title="Richard G. Graves">Richard G. Graves</a> (March 1984 – June 1986)</li> <li>MG Thomas N. Griffin Jr. (June 1986 – March 1988)</li> <li>MG <a href="/wiki/George_Joulwan" title="George Joulwan">George Joulwan</a> (March 1988 – July 1989)</li> <li>MG <a href="/wiki/Paul_E._Funk" title="Paul E. Funk">Paul E. Funk</a> (July 1989 – April 1991)</li> <li>MG <a href="/wiki/Jerry_R._Rutherford" title="Jerry R. Rutherford">Jerry R. Rutherford</a> (April 1991 – February 1992)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Books, movies and other media that feature the Third Armored Division include: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tanks_Are_Coming_(1951_film)" title="The Tanks Are Coming (1951 film)">The Tanks Are Coming</a></i> (1951) – A typical World War II action movie of the time, based loosely on actual events</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G.I._Blues" title="G.I. Blues">G.I. Blues</a></i> (1960) – <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, a real life 3AD veteran who served as a Scout/Recon (rode in a jeep), stars as a 3rd AD Tanker with an off-post singing career and dreams of owning a nightclub</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCooper1998" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, Belton Y. (1998). <i><a href="/wiki/Death_Traps" title="Death Traps">Death Traps: The Survival of an American Armored Division in World War II</a></i>. Navato, CA: Presidio Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89141-670-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-89141-670-6"><bdi>0-89141-670-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/38753044">38753044</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Death+Traps%3A+The+Survival+of+an+American+Armored+Division+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Navato%2C+CA&rft.pub=Presidio+Press&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F38753044&rft.isbn=0-89141-670-6&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Belton+Y.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span> A unique look at the war from a maintenance officer's perspective.</li> <li><i>Rolling Thunder: The True Story of the Third Armored Division</i> (2002) – A <a href="/wiki/History_(U.S._TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="History (U.S. TV channel)">History Channel</a> documentary detailing the history of the division from birth to the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man,_Moment,_Machine" title="Man, Moment, Machine">Man, Moment, Machine</a></i> (season 1, episode 4): "Stormin' Norman and the Abrams Tank" – Featuring footage of the 3rd AD in the Gulf War, and interviews with 3AD tankers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Walk_(The_X-Files)" title="The Walk (The X-Files)">The Walk</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_X-Files" title="The X-Files">The X-Files</a>) – In the seventh episode of the third season, General Thomas Callahan (played by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kopache" title="Thomas Kopache">Thomas Kopache</a>) wears the insignia of the 3rd AD on his <a href="/wiki/Army_Service_Uniform" title="Army Service Uniform">Class A uniform</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearhead_(Makos_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spearhead (Makos novel)">Spearhead (Makos novel)</a> – a war biography by the author <a href="/wiki/Adam_Makos" title="Adam Makos">Adam Makos</a>. Published on 19 February 2019.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SUD-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SUD_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100609010022/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/spdes-123-ra_ar.html">"Special Unit Designations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a>. 21 April 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/spdes-123-ra_ar.html">the original</a> on 9 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Special+Unit+Designations&rft.pub=United+States+Army+Center+of+Military+History&rft.date=2010-04-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fforcestruc%2Fspdes-123-ra_ar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaldeman" class="citation web cs1">Haldeman, Rob. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tankdestroyer.net/units/battalions600s/219-644th-tank-destroyer-battalion">"644th Tank Destroyer Battalion"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=644th+Tank+Destroyer+Battalion&rft.aulast=Haldeman&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tankdestroyer.net%2Funits%2Fbattalions600s%2F219-644th-tank-destroyer-battalion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3ad.com/">"3rd Armored Division History Foundation [ 3d / Third ]"</a>. <i>www.3ad.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.3ad.com&rft.atitle=3rd+Armored+Division+History+Foundation+%5B+3d+%2F+Third+%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.3ad.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191216014341/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/697844.pdf"><i>Evolution of the U.S. Army Division</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Fort Belvoir, Virginia: Clearinghouse for Federal Technical and Scientific Information. 1969. pp. 53–60. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/697844.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evolution+of+the+U.S.+Army+Division&rft.place=Fort+Belvoir%2C+Virginia&rft.pages=53-60&rft.pub=Clearinghouse+for+Federal+Technical+and+Scientific+Information&rft.date=1969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fdtic%2Ftr%2Ffulltext%2Fu2%2F697844.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/eng/0023enbn.htm">"23d Engineer Battalion | Lineage and Honors | U.S. Army Center of Military History (CMH)"</a>. <i>history.army.mil</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.army.mil&rft.atitle=23d+Engineer+Battalion+%7C+Lineage+and+Honors+%7C+U.S.+Army+Center+of+Military+History+%28CMH%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fforcestruc%2Flineages%2Fbranches%2Feng%2F0023enbn.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abmc.nomadmobileguides.com/Normandy.php?page=narrative&id=cont-900">"3rd Armored Division"</a>. <i>Normandy American Cemetery</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Normandy+American+Cemetery&rft.atitle=3rd+Armored+Division&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabmc.nomadmobileguides.com%2FNormandy.php%3Fpage%3Dnarrative%26id%3Dcont-900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.illinois.edu/collections/f7c51bc0-a321-0131-4a40-0050569601ca-3">"Third Armored Division Association Records (Digital Surrogates) | Digital Collections at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library"</a>. <i>digital.library.illinois.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=digital.library.illinois.edu&rft.atitle=Third+Armored+Division+Association+Records+%28Digital+Surrogates%29+%7C+Digital+Collections+at+the+University+of+Illinois+at+Urbana-Champaign+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.illinois.edu%2Fcollections%2Ff7c51bc0-a321-0131-4a40-0050569601ca-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/documents/ETO-OB/3AD-ETO.htm">"Order of Battle of the US Army - WWII - ETO - 3rd Armored Division"</a>. US Army Center of Military History<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Order+of+Battle+of+the+US+Army+-+WWII+-+ETO+-+3rd+Armored+Division&rft.pub=US+Army+Center+of+Military+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.army.mil%2Fdocuments%2FETO-OB%2F3AD-ETO.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThird_Armored_Division_AssociationMembers_of_the_DivisionFamily_and_Friends" class="citation web cs1">Third Armored Division Association; Members of the Division; Family and Friends. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120427144538/http://www.library.illinois.edu/archives/ead/ua/2620076/2620076f.html">"Third Armored Division Association Archives: An Inventory at the University of Illinois Archives"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.illinois.edu/archives/ead/ua/2620076/2620076f.html">the original</a> on 27 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Third+Armored+Division+Association+Archives%3A+An+Inventory+at+the+University+of+Illinois+Archives&rft.au=Third+Armored+Division+Association&rft.au=Members+of+the+Division&rft.au=Family+and+Friends&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.library.illinois.edu%2Farchives%2Fead%2Fua%2F2620076%2F2620076f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.armydivs.com/3rd-armored-division">"3rd Armored Division"</a>. <i>US Army Divisions</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+Army+Divisions&rft.atitle=3rd+Armored+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.armydivs.com%2F3rd-armored-division&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFService_Forces_Information_and_Education1946" class="citation book cs1">Service Forces Information and Education, United States Army (1946). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3VEyAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Mons+was+where+the+3rd+trapped%22&pg=PA77"><i>Combat Divisions of World War II (Army of the United States)</i></a>. 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Smith (12 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historyofyesterday.com/the-pershing-and-the-panther-c2a2889661be">"The Pershing and the Panther The story behind the iconic tank duel for Cologne"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.3ad.com&rft.atitle=3rd+Armored+Div.+%E2%80%93+Gulf+War+%E2%80%93+100-Hour+Storm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.3ad.com%2Fhistory%2Fgulf.war%2F100.hour.storm.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VUA_Citation-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VUA_Citation_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VUA_Citation_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">VUA Citation</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.militaryvetshop.com/History/3rdArmored.html">"History of the 3rd Armored Division | Spearhead"</a>. <i>www.militaryvetshop.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.militaryvetshop.com&rft.atitle=History+of+the+3rd+Armored+Division+%7C+Spearhead&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.militaryvetshop.com%2FHistory%2F3rdArmored.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cityofgroveok.gov/building/page/united-states-army-3rd-armored-division-spearhead">"United States Army 3rd Armored Division (Spearhead) | City of Grove Oklahoma"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Army+3rd+Armored+Division+%28Spearhead%29+%26%23124%3B+City+of+Grove+Oklahoma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityofgroveok.gov%2Fbuilding%2Fpage%2Funited-states-army-3rd-armored-division-spearhead&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scales,_Brig_1994,_p._279-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scales,_Brig_1994,_p._279_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scales, Brig. Gen. Robert H.: Certain Victory. Brassey's, 1994, p. 279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/File:B-24-91.jpg" title="File:B-24-91.jpg">official account</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bourque_P.471-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bourque_P.471_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bourque_P.471_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bourque P.471</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill1991" class="citation web cs1">Hill, Spec. Tobin E. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3ad.com/history/gulf.war/sands.of.time.htm">"The Sands of Time"</a>. <i>www.3ad.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200216084510/http://www.3ad.com/history/gulf.war/sands.of.time.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.3ad.com&rft.atitle=The+Sands+of+Time&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Spec.+Tobin+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.3ad.com%2Fhistory%2Fgulf.war%2Fsands.of.time.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/armor-cav/007cv004sq.htm">"4th Squadron, 7th Cavalry"</a>. History.army.mil<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=4th+Squadron%2C+7th+Cavalry&rft.pub=History.army.mil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fforcestruc%2Flineages%2Fbranches%2Farmor-cav%2F007cv004sq.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.us7thcavalry.com/dateline.htm">"The 7th U.S. Cavalry Dateline"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+7th+U.S.+Cavalry+Dateline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.us7thcavalry.com%2Fdateline.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130603091301/http://www.qmfound.com/54th_Support_Battalion.htm">"54th Support Battalion"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qmfound.com/54th_Support_Battalion.htm">the original</a> on 3 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=54th+Support+Battalion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qmfound.com%2F54th_Support_Battalion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928151601/http://www.3ad.org/div_cdrs/3adcdr.htm">"Commanders of the 3d Armored Division 1941–1992"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3ad.org/div_cdrs/3adcdr.htm">the original</a> on 28 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commanders+of+the+3d+Armored+Division+1941%E2%80%931992&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.3ad.org%2Fdiv_cdrs%2F3adcdr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin1971" class="citation magazine cs1">Martin, Orville W. Jr. (May–June 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GmNRAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA47">"Lieutenant General Frederic Joseph Brown, Jr. 1905–1971"</a>. <i>Armor</i>. Washington, DC: United States Armor Association. p. 47 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Armor&rft.atitle=Lieutenant+General+Frederic+Joseph+Brown%2C+Jr.+1905%E2%80%931971&rft.pages=47&rft.date=1971-05%2F1971-06&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Orville+W.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGmNRAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA2-PA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shop.history.com/detail.php?a=71052">"Rolling Thunder: The True Story of the 3rd Armored Division DVD"</a>. <a href="/wiki/A%26E_Television_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="A&E Television Networks">A&E Television Networks</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rolling+Thunder%3A+The+True+Story+of+the+3rd+Armored+Division+DVD&rft.pub=A%26E+Television+Networks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshop.history.com%2Fdetail.php%3Fa%3D71052&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Trauschweizer, Ingo. (2008). <i>The Cold War U.S. Army: Building Deterrence for Limited War</i>. Univ. Press of Kansas. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1578-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1578-0">978-0-7006-1578-0</a>.</li> <li>Carter, Donald A. (2015). <i>Forging the Shield: The U.S. Army in Europe, 1951–1962</i>. U.S. Army Center of Military History. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-092754-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-092754-6">978-0-16-092754-6</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourque2001" class="citation book cs1">Bourque, Stephen A. (2001). <i>Jayhawk! The 7th Corps in the Persian Gulf War</i>. Center of Military History, United States Army. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2001028533">2001028533</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51313637">51313637</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jayhawk%21+The+7th+Corps+in+the+Persian+Gulf+War&rft.pub=Center+of+Military+History%2C+United+States+Army&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51313637&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2001028533&rft.aulast=Bourque&rft.aufirst=Stephen+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThird_Armored_Division1945" class="citation book cs1">Third Armored Division (1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.ccsu.edu/vhp/Santhouse_Val/SpearheadintheWest.pdf"><i>Spearhead in the West, 1941–45</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Frankfurt am Main: Franz Jos. Henrich, Druckerei und Verlag. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1262878">1262878</a> – via Central Connecticut State University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spearhead+in+the+West%2C+1941%E2%80%9345&rft.place=Frankfurt+am+Main&rft.pub=Franz+Jos.+Henrich%2C+Druckerei+und+Verlag&rft.date=1945&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1262878&rft.au=Third+Armored+Division&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.ccsu.edu%2Fvhp%2FSanthouse_Val%2FSpearheadintheWest.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3rd+Armored+Division+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:3rd_Armored_Division_(United_States)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:3rd Armored Division (United States)">3rd Armored Division (United States)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3ad.com">3AD.com</a> – The 3rd Armored Division History Foundation – Covering 1941 to 1992 with high-quality photos, feature articles, documents, audio, and more. Includes, for example, complete text of the 260-page 3AD World War II history "Spearhead in the West", audio of President Kennedy's speech to the troops in 1963, details on 3AD Cold War nuclear weapons, Spearhead Newspaper's Gulf War reports, and a look at Elvis Presley's Army days.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.battleofthebulge.org">Veterans of the Battle of the Bulge</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191217032006/http://www.3ad.org/">Association of 3rd Armored Division Veterans</a> (All-era group) Extensive historical information, personal photos, and a roster of Operation Desert Storm troops.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060901134709/http://web.library.uiuc.edu/ahx/ead/ua/2620076/2620076f.html">3rd Armored Division Association Archives at the University of Illinois.</a> Text-only listings of their large World War II collection, which must be visited in person.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unitpages.military.com/unitpages/unit.do?id=100081">3rd AD Unit page on Military.com.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204172408/http://unitpages.military.com/unitpages/unit.do?id=100081">Archived</a> 4 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.36air-ad.com/">Roll of Honor of the 3rd Armored Division during WWII.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blm.gov/ca/needles/patton.html">Bureau of Land Management site on 3rd AD training area in Mojave Desert</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080828113512/http://www.blm.gov/ca/needles/patton.html">Archived</a> 28 August 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/documents/eto-ob/3AD-ETO.htm">3rd Armor Division Profile</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170713062737/http://www.history.army.mil/documents/ETO-OB/3AD-ETO.htm">Archived</a> 13 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/documents/ETO-OB/ETOOB-TOC.htm">Order of Battle of the United States Army World War II</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080311184458/http://www.history.army.mil/documents/ETO-OB/ETOOB-TOC.htm">Archived</a> 11 March 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 1945 reproduced at <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/3ad.htm">GlobalSecurity.org 3rd Armored Division site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10006158">United States Holocaust Historical Museum site</a>, featuring an overview of the liberation of the Nordhausen concentration camp by the 3rd AD, including videos and photos.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usarmygermany.com/Units/HqUSAREUR/Org%20Charts_Forward%20Edge%20Plan.htm">USAREUR Charts</a>, includes information on 1977 Restationing of 3AD units.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/vua_citations.html">Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm: Valorous Unit Award Citations</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Army_Divisions_(United_States)" title="Template:Army Divisions (United States)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Army_Divisions_(United_States)" title="Template talk:Army Divisions (United States)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Army_Divisions_(United_States)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Army Divisions (United States)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Divisions_of_the_United_States_Army" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">Divisions</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airborne</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/11th_Airborne_Division" title="11th Airborne Division">11th</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Airborne_Division_(United_States)" title="13th Airborne Division (United States)">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Airborne_Division_(United_States)" title="17th Airborne Division (United States)">17th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/80th_Division_(United_States)" title="80th Division (United States)">80th</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/82nd_Airborne_Division" title="82nd Airborne Division">82nd</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/101st_Airborne_Division" title="101st Airborne Division">101st</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/108th_Training_Command_(Initial_Entry_Training)" title="108th Training Command (Initial Entry Training)">108th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armored</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1st_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Armored Division (United States)">1st</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Armored Division (United States)">2nd</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="4th Armored Division (United States)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="5th Armored Division (United States)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="6th Armored Division (United States)">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="7th Armored Division (United States)">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="8th Armored Division (United States)">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="9th Armored Division (United States)">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="10th Armored Division (United States)">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="11th Armored Division (United States)">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="12th Armored Division (United States)">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="13th Armored Division (United States)">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="14th Armored Division (United States)">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="16th Armored Division (United States)">16th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="19th Armored Division (United States)">19th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="20th Armored Division (United States)">20th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22nd_Armored_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="22nd Armored Division">22nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="25th Armored Division (United States)">25th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="27th Armored Division (United States)">27th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="30th Armored Division (United States)">30th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="40th Armored Division (United States)">40th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="48th Armored Division (United States)">48th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49th_Armored_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="49th Armored Division">49th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="50th Armored Division (United States)">50th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cavalry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Cavalry Division (United States)">1st</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Cavalry Division (United States)">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="3rd Cavalry Division (United States)">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="15th Cavalry Division (United States)">15th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="21st Cavalry Division (United States)">21st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22nd_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="22nd Cavalry Division (United States)">22nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="23rd Cavalry Division (United States)">23rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24th_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="24th Cavalry Division (United States)">24th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/61st_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="61st Cavalry Division (United States)">61st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/62nd_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="62nd Cavalry Division (United States)">62nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/63rd_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="63rd Cavalry Division (United States)">63rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/64th_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="64th Cavalry Division (United States)">64th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/65th_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="65th Cavalry Division (United States)">65th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/66th_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="66th Cavalry Division (United States)">66th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infantry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1st_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Infantry Division (United States)">1st</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Infantry Division (United States)">2nd</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/3rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="3rd Infantry Division (United States)">3rd</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="4th Infantry Division (United States)">4th</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="5th Infantry Division (United States)">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="6th Infantry Division (United States)">6th</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/7th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="7th Infantry Division (United States)">7th</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="8th Infantry Division (United States)">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="9th Infantry Division (United States)">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="11th Infantry Division (United States)">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Division_(United_States)" title="12th Division (United States)">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Division_(United_States)" title="13th Division (United States)">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="17th Infantry Division (United States)">17th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Division_(United_States)" title="19th Division (United States)">19th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americal_Division" title="Americal Division">23rd (Americal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="24th Infantry Division (United States)">24th</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/25th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="25th Infantry Division (United States)">25th</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="26th Infantry Division (United States)">26th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="27th Infantry Division (United States)">27th</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/28th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="28th Infantry Division (United States)">28th</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/29th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="29th Infantry Division (United States)">29th</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="30th Infantry Division (United States)">30th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31st_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="31st Infantry Division (United States)">31st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="32nd Infantry Division (United States)">32nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="33rd Infantry Division (United States)">33rd</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/34th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="34th Infantry Division (United States)">34th</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/35th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="35th Infantry Division (United States)">35th</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/36th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="36th Infantry Division (United States)">36th</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="37th Infantry Division (United States)">37th</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/38th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="38th Infantry Division (United States)">38th</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="39th Infantry Division (United States)">39th</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/40th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="40th Infantry Division (United States)">40th</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/41st_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="41st Infantry Division (United States)">41st</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/42nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="42nd Infantry Division (United States)">42nd</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/43rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="43rd Infantry Division (United States)">43rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="44th Infantry Division (United States)">44th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="45th Infantry Division (United States)">45th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="46th Infantry Division (United States)">46th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="47th Infantry Division (United States)">47th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48th_Armored_Division_(United_States)" title="48th Armored Division (United States)">48th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="49th Infantry Division (United States)">49th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="51st Infantry Division (United States)">51st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/63rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="63rd Infantry Division (United States)">63rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/65th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="65th Infantry Division (United States)">65th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/66th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="66th Infantry Division (United States)">66th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/69th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="69th Infantry Division (United States)">69th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/70th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="70th Infantry Division (United States)">70th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/71st_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="71st Infantry Division (United States)">71st</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/75th_Innovation_Command" title="75th Innovation Command">75th</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/76th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="76th Infantry Division (United States)">76th</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/77th_Sustainment_Brigade" title="77th Sustainment Brigade">77th</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/78th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="78th Infantry Division (United States)">78th</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="79th Infantry Division (United States)">79th</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/80th_Division_(United_States)" title="80th Division (United States)">80th</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/81st_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="81st Infantry Division (United States)">81st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/83rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="83rd Infantry Division (United States)">83rd</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/84th_Division_(United_States)" title="84th Division (United States)">84th</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="85th Infantry Division (United States)">85th</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/86th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="86th Infantry Division (United States)">86th</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/87th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="87th Infantry Division (United States)">87th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/88th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="88th Infantry Division (United States)">88th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/89th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="89th Infantry Division (United States)">89th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/90th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="90th Infantry Division (United States)">90th</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/91st_Division_(United_States)" title="91st Division (United States)">91st</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/92nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="92nd Infantry Division (United States)">92nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/93rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="93rd Infantry Division (United States)">93rd</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/94th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="94th Infantry Division (United States)">94th</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/95th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="95th Infantry Division (United States)">95th</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/96th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="96th Infantry Division (United States)">96th</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/97th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="97th Infantry Division (United States)">97th</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/98th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="98th Infantry Division (United States)">98th</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/99th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="99th Infantry Division (United States)">99th</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/100th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="100th Infantry Division (United States)">100th</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/102nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="102nd Infantry Division (United States)">102nd</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/103rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="103rd Infantry Division (United States)">103rd</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/104th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="104th Infantry Division (United States)">104th</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/106th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="106th Infantry Division (United States)">106th</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/108th_Training_Command_(Initial_Entry_Training)" title="108th Training Command (Initial Entry Training)">108th</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Division" title="Hawaiian Division">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal_Division" title="Panama Canal Division">Panama Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Division_(United_States)" title="Philippine Division (United States)">Philippine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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