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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Extração_das_Substâncias_Húmicas_(SH)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extração_das_Substâncias_Húmicas_(SH)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Extração das Substâncias Húmicas (SH)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extração_das_Substâncias_Húmicas_(SH)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Usos</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Usos-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Usos</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Usos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biorremediação" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biorremediação"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Biorremediação</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biorremediação-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outras_finalidades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outras_finalidades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Outras finalidades</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outras_finalidades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turfeira" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turfeira"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Turfeira</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turfeira-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Índice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Turfa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 86 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veen" title="Veen — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Veen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AB" title="خث — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turba" title="Turba — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Turba" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torf" title="Torf — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Torf" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Торф — bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Торф" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torp%C4%97" title="Torpė — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Torpė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Торф — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Торф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Торф — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Торф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Торф — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Торф" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambut" title="Gambut — Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Gambut" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%9F" title="পীট — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পীট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taouarc%27h" title="Taouarc'h — bretão" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Taouarc'h" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treset" title="Treset — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Treset" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torba" title="Torba — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Torba" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1elina" title="Rašelina — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rašelina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torf" title="Torf — kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Torf" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Торф — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Торф" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawn" title="Mawn — galês" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mawn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B8rv" title="Tørv — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tørv" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torf" title="Torf — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Torf" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%8D%CF%81%CF%86%CE%B7" title="Τύρφη — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τύρφη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peat" title="Peat — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Peat" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torfo" title="Torfo — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Torfo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turba" title="Turba — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Turba" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turvas" title="Turvas — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Turvas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zohikatz" title="Zohikatz — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zohikatz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%87" title="پوده — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پوده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turve" title="Turve — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turve" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peat" title="Peat — fijiano" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Peat" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourbe" title="Tourbe — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tourbe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turf_(br%C3%A2nstof)" title="Turf (brânstof) — frísico ocidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Turf (brânstof)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frísico ocidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3in" title="Móin — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Móin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2ine" title="Mòine — gaélico escocês" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mòine" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turba" title="Turba — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Turba" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C" title="כבול — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כבול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F" title="पीट — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पीट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treset" title="Treset — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Treset" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%91zeg" title="Tőzeg — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tőzeg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D6%80%D6%86" title="Տորֆ — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տորֆ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambut" title="Gambut — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gambut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torfo" title="Torfo — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Torfo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3r" title="Mór — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mór" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torba" title="Torba — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Torba" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%82%AD" title="泥炭 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="泥炭" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ტორფი — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტორფი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Шымтезек — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шымтезек" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%84" title="이탄 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이탄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BA%D3%A9%D2%A3" title="Чымкөң — quirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чымкөң" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="quirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turfa" title="Turfa — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Turfa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rf" title="Törf — limburguês" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Törf" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durp%C4%97s" title="Durpės — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Durpės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%ABdra" title="Kūdra — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kūdra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fompotra" title="Fompotra — malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fompotra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="കാണ്ടാമരം — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാണ്ടാമരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F" title="पीट — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पीट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambut" title="Gambut — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gambut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Наргедь — erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Наргедь" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torf" title="Torf — baixo-alemão" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Torf" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo-alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rf" title="Törf — baixo-saxão" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Törf" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baixo-saxão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turf_(brandstof)" title="Turf (brandstof) — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Turf (brandstof)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torv" title="Torv — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Torv" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torv" title="Torv — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Torv" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torba" title="Torba — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Torba" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troube" title="Troube — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Troube" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torf" title="Torf — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Torf" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turb%C4%83" title="Turbă — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Turbă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Торф — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Торф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peat" title="Peat — scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Peat" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treset" title="Treset — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Treset" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peat" title="Peat — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Peat" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1elina" title="Rašelina — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rašelina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ota" title="Šota — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Šota" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Тресет — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тресет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torv" title="Torv — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Torv" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="முற்றா நிலக்கரி — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முற்றா நிலக்கரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95" title="พีต — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พีต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torf" title="Torf — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Torf" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Торф — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Торф" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A7" title="دلدلی کوئلا — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دلدلی کوئلا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torf" title="Torf — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Torf" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Than_b%C3%B9n" title="Than bùn — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Than bùn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troufe" title="Troufe — valão" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Troufe" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%82%AD" title="泥炭 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="泥炭" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A3" title="טארף — iídiche" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טארף" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="iídiche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%82%AD" title="泥炭 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="泥炭" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%85%A4" title="泥煤 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="泥煤" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q184624#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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.tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Mais_notas plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Esta página cita fontes, mas não cobrem todo o conteúdo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Esta página <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">cita fontes</a>, mas que <b><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:V">não cobrem</a> todo o conteúdo</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Refer%C3%AAncias_e_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Referências e notas de rodapé">inserir referências</a> (<small><i>Encontre fontes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">ABW</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br">CAPES</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&as_epq=Turfa">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=pt&tbm=nws&q=Turfa&oq=Turfa">notícias</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_epq=Turfa">livros</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=pt&q=Turfa">acadêmico</a>)</span></small>).</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Agosto de 2017</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Torfabbau-.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Torfabbau-.jpg/250px-Torfabbau-.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Torfabbau-.jpg/375px-Torfabbau-.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Torfabbau-.jpg/500px-Torfabbau-.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1251" data-file-height="782" /></a><figcaption>Turfa</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>turfa</b> é um material de origem <a href="/wiki/Vegetal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetal">vegetal</a>, parcialmente decomposto, encontrado em camadas, geralmente em regiões pantanosas e também sob montanhas (turfa de altitude). É formada principalmente por <a href="/wiki/Sphagnum" title="Sphagnum">Sphagnum</a> (esfagno, grupo de musgos) e Hypnum, mas também de juncos, árvores etc. Sob condições geológicas adequadas, transformam-se em <a href="/wiki/Carv%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Carvão">carvão</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> através de emanações de metano vindo das profundezas e da preservação em ambiente anóxico. Por ser <a href="/wiki/Inflam%C3%A1vel" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflamável">inflamável</a>, é utilizada como <a href="/wiki/Combust%C3%ADvel" title="Combustível">combustível</a> para aquecimento doméstico. </p><p>A sua composição é definida como <a href="/wiki/Subst%C3%A2ncias_h%C3%BAmicas" title="Substâncias húmicas">Substâncias Húmicas</a> (Ácido Húmico, Ácido fúlvico e Humina) e Substâncias não húmicas. Substâncias Húmicas possuem estrutura química não bem definida, sabe-se que possuem sítios de adsorção compostos por grupos ácidos carboxílicos, cetona, hidroxilas fenólicas e alcoólicas. Já a Substância não húmica é composta por estruturas bem definidas, como lignina, proteínas, etc. </p><p>Por conter na sua estrutura estes grupos funcionais, é utilizada como <a href="/wiki/Adsor%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Adsorção">adsorvente</a> de vários metais pesados presentes em ambientes aquáticos e em solos, onde complexam esses metais, contribuindo para o equilíbrio do meio ambiente. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extração_das_Substâncias_Húmicas_(SH)"><span id="Extra.C3.A7.C3.A3o_das_Subst.C3.A2ncias_H.C3.BAmicas_.28SH.29"></span>Extração das Substâncias Húmicas (SH)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turfa&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Extração das Substâncias Húmicas (SH)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turfa&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Extração das Substâncias Húmicas (SH)"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Sociedade Internacional de Substâncias Húmicas - IHSS - recomenda a extração das Substâncias Húmicas de solo com solução de NaOH 0,1mol/L na proporção de 1:10 (1,0 g de turfa para 10 mL de NaOH) sob agitação mecânica por 4 horas em atmosfera inerte.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> Pela solubilidade das frações húmicas, na parte solúvel encontram-se os ácidos húmidos e fúlvicos, onde o ácido fúlvico é solúvel tanto em solução ácida quanto em solução básica, já o ácido húmico é insolúvel em solução ácida e solúvel em solução básica, podendo este precipitar em pH 2,0. A humina é o precipitado da separação onde está fração vem sendo bastante estudada para adsorção de diversos tipos de íons metálicos e compostos orgânicos poluentes. </p><p>Na formação do <a href="/wiki/Carv%C3%A3o_mineral" title="Carvão mineral">carvão mineral</a>, a turfa é a fase (e tipo de carvão mineral) menos rica em <a href="/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono">carbono</a> (cerca de 50 à 60%). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usos">Usos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turfa&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Usos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turfa&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Usos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biorremediação"><span id="Biorremedia.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Biorremediação</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turfa&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Biorremediação" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turfa&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Biorremediação"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A turfa, como outros materiais, vem sendo estudada para a <a href="/wiki/Biorremedia%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Biorremediação">biorremediação</a> por ser um material de baixo custo e boa disponibilidade. Só em Sergipe, menor estado do Brasil, há uma grande reserva de turfeira, como também em outros países, como Canadá e Israel. </p><p>Em processos de remediação, utilizam o <a href="/wiki/Carv%C3%A3o_ativado" title="Carvão ativado">carvão ativado</a>, visto que em comparação com a turfa é um material ainda caro relativamente para que seja usado nas indústrias que lançam seus efluentes em mananciais. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outras_finalidades">Outras finalidades</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turfa&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Outras finalidades" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turfa&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Outras finalidades"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Feu_de_tourbe.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Feu_de_tourbe.JPG/220px-Feu_de_tourbe.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Feu_de_tourbe.JPG/330px-Feu_de_tourbe.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Feu_de_tourbe.JPG/440px-Feu_de_tourbe.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Turfa usada como combustível.</figcaption></figure> <p>Em todo o mundo, a turfa é utilizada para absorver e encapsular hidrocarbonetos, sendo um dos mais avançados produtos do mundo para prevenir e combater derramamentos de derivados de petróleo e similares com hidrocarbonetos.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Utiliza-se também misturada com casca de arroz queimada e outros ingredientes como substrato no cultivo de plantas. </p><p>Assim como no carvão, algumas turfas contêm traços do elemento químico mercúrio e por vezes cádmio e chumbo. De acordo com o astrônomo e astrofísico <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gold" title="Thomas Gold">Thomas Gold</a> é possível que a formação de turfas represente a interação de carbono de natureza biológica a partir de plantas e bactérias com a migração uniforme de hidrocarbonetos (<a href="/wiki/Metano" title="Metano">metano</a>) vindo das profundezas da terra. Esses hidrocarbonetos podem trazer o mercúrio na forma de dimetil ou metil-mercúrio que interage com a turfa em superfície, além de outros metais. Alguns autores atribuem a presença de mercúrio nas turfas como relacionada a atividades antropogênicos, porém os carvões pretos que são muito antigos e predatam o surgimento do homem também o contém. Algumas turfeiras formam-se em zonas altas sobre montanhas acompanhando fraturas nas rochas. </p><p>Podem ser utilizadas como combustível sólido. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turfeira">Turfeira</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turfa&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Turfeira" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turfa&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Turfeira"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Turfeira</b> é um tipo de <a href="/wiki/Solo" title="Solo">solo</a>, feito de turfa. <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3ssil" title="Fóssil">Fósseis</a> são relativamente comuns em turfeiras. </p><p>É formada pela deposição e decomposição de <a href="/wiki/Fil%C3%ADdio" title="Filídio">filídios</a> de <a href="/wiki/Sphagnum" title="Sphagnum">esfagnos</a>, com o depósito de materiais orgânicos sob o solo formando os <a href="/wiki/Organossolo" title="Organossolo">organossolos</a>. </p><p>O ecossistema das turfeiras é o <a href="/wiki/Sumidouro_de_carbono" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumidouro de carbono">sumidouro de carbono</a> mais eficiente do planeta,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> por manter um equilíbrio entre a absorção de <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%B3xido_de_carbono" title="Dióxido de carbono">dióxido de carbono</a> pelas plantas comuns nesses locais e a emissão de dióxido de carbono, naturalmente liberado pela turfa. </p><p>Estes solos apresentam alta concentração de carbono nos 40 cm superficiais quando não estão em contato lítico. São comumente encontrados em áreas sedimentares de várzeas, o qual dificulta a decomposição do material orgânico em função da saturação por água. Além da água as baixas temperaturas, acidez e toxinas orgânicas, influenciam na decomposição e consequentemente na formação das turfas. As turfeiras são habitats naturais de elevado valor biológico que ocorrem em áreas geográficas de vários tamanhos, por vezes muito pequenas, que oferece condições constantes ou cíclicas às espécies que constituem a biogénese, estas podem ser encontradas em serras de maior altitude que tenham como características estarem permanentemente encharcadas ou ocorrências de diversos fenómenos em terrenos elevados. Pois são formações relíquias de períodos climáticos passados, de clima mais frio. Com o aquecimento holocénico, iniciado há mais de 10 000 anos, estas formações refugiaram-se em altitudes progressivamente mais elevadas e os seus biótopos fragmentaram-se. </p><p>A maior parte das turfeiras são cobertas por musgos, urzes, tojos e plantas insectívoras, algumas destas raras, o que confere às turfeiras título de relíquia biológica. Mas locais como estes podem vir a desaparecer devido aos impactos causados pelo homem dado à passagem de veículos todo-o-terreno e à pastagem, que origina uma introdução excessiva de nutrientes e destruição de espécies vegetais pelo gado bovino e caprino. </p> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">M, Winge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sigep.cprm.gov.br/glossario/verbete/turfa.htm">«turfa»</a>. Comissão Brasileira de Sítios Geológicos e Paleobiológicos<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 1 de agosto de 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ATurfa&rft.aufirst=Winge&rft.aulast=M&rft.btitle=turfa&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Comiss%C3%A3o+Brasileira+de+S%C3tios+Geol%C3%B3gicos+e+Paleobiol%C3%B3gicos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsigep.cprm.gov.br%2Fglossario%2Fverbete%2Fturfa.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Primo, D. C.; Menezes, R. S. C.; da Silva, T. O. (12 de maio de 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.if.ufrrj.br/biolig/art_citados/Subst%C3%A2ncias%20h%C3%BAmicas%20da%20mat%C3%A9ria%20org%C3%A2nica%20do%20solouma%20revis%C3%A3o.pdf">«Substâncias húmicas da matéria orgânica do solo: uma revisão de técnicas analíticas e estudos no nordeste brasileiro»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. SCIENTIA PLENA. p. 5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 1 de agosto de 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ATurfa&rft.au=Menezes%2C+R.+S.+C.&rft.au=da+Silva%2C+T.+O.&rft.aufirst=D.+C.&rft.aulast=Primo&rft.btitle=Subst%C3%A2ncias+h%C3%BAmicas+da+mat%C3%A9ria+org%C3%A2nica+do+solo%3A+uma+revis%C3%A3o+de+t%C3%A9cnicas+anal%C3ticas+e+estudos+no+nordeste+brasileiro&rft.date=2011-05-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=SCIENTIA+PLENA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.if.ufrrj.br%2Fbiolig%2Fart_citados%2FSubst%25C3%25A2ncias%2520h%25C3%25BAmicas%2520da%2520mat%25C3%25A9ria%2520org%25C3%25A2nica%2520do%2520solouma%2520revis%25C3%25A3o.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pensamentoverde.com.br/meio-ambiente/descubra-o-que-e-turfa-e-como-ela-pode-ser-usada/">«Descubra o que é turfa e como ela pode ser usada - Pensamento Verde»</a>. <i>Pensamento Verde</i>. 18 de setembro de 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ATurfa&rft.atitle=Descubra+o+que+%C3%A9+turfa+e+como+ela+pode+ser+usada+-+Pensamento+Verde&rft.date=2014-09-18&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pensamento+Verde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pensamentoverde.com.br%2Fmeio-ambiente%2Fdescubra-o-que-e-turfa-e-como-ela-pode-ser-usada%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Hugron, Sandrine; Bussières, Julie; Rochefort, Line (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gret-perg.ulaval.ca/uploads/tx_centrerecherche/Tree_Plantation_guide.pdf">«Tree plantations within the context of ecological restoration of peatlands: practical guide»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/PDF" class="mw-redirect" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</span>. <i>www.gret-perg.ulaval.ca</i>. Peatland Ecology Research Group (PERG)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de janeiro de 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ATurfa&rft.atitle=Tree+plantations+within+the+context+of+ecological+restoration+of+peatlands%3A+practical+guide&rft.au=Bussi%C3%A8res%2C+Julie&rft.au=Rochefort%2C+Line&rft.aufirst=Sandrine&rft.aulast=Hugron&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gret-perg.ulaval.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gret-perg.ulaval.ca%2Fuploads%2Ftx_centrerecherche%2FTree_Plantation_guide.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r69325977">@media(max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .mobile-stack{width:100%!important;float:none!important;margin:10px auto!important;text-align:center!important;box-sizing:border-box!important}.mw-parser-output .mobile-stack .image-container{float:none!important;display:inline-block;padding-bottom:10px}.mw-parser-output .mobile-stack .text-container{margin-left:0!important}}</style><div class="noprint mobile-stack" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 0; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div class="image-container" style="float: left; vertical-align:middle; margin: 0 10px 0 5px;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="text-container" style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">O <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal">Commons</a> possui imagens e outros ficheiros sobre <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peat&uselang=pt">Turfa</a></span></b></div> </div><table class="noprint" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:none; background:transparent; color: inherit"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Hazard_F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ícone de esboço" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hazard_F.svg/30px-Hazard_F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hazard_F.svg/45px-Hazard_F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hazard_F.svg/60px-Hazard_F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Este artigo sobre um <a href="/wiki/Combust%C3%ADvel" title="Combustível">Combustível</a> é um <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esbo%C3%A7o" title="Wikipédia:Esboço">esboço</a>. 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