CINXE.COM
TGF-beta Signaling Interactive Pathway: R&D Systems
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class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off7" style="top:97px;left:335px;"> </div> <div id="el7_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="7"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/tgf-beta-ri-alk-5">TGF-beta RI/ALK-5</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/alk-1">ALK-1</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el8_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray8 pw-gray" style="top:107px;left:385px;"> TGF-beta RI </div> <div id="el8_off" data-id="8" data-set="TGF-betaRI4" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off8" style="top:107px;left:385px;"> TGF-beta RI</div> <div id="el8_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="8"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/tgf-beta-ri-alk-5">TGF-beta RI/ALK-5</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el9_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray9 pw-gray" style="top:99px;left:312px;"> </div> <div id="el9_off" data-id="9" data-set="TGF-betaRII5" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off9" style="top:99px;left:312px;"> </div> <div id="el9_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="9"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/tgf-beta-rii">TGF-beta RII</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el10_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray10 pw-gray" style="top:91px;left:262px;"> TGF-beta RII </div> <div id="el10_off" data-id="10" data-set="TGF-betaRII5" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off10" style="top:91px;left:262px;"> TGF-beta RII</div> <div id="el10_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="10"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/tgf-beta-rii">TGF-beta RII</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el11_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray11 pw-gray" style="top:106px;left:303px;"> </div> <div id="el11_off" data-id="11" data-set="TGF-betaRIII6" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off11" style="top:106px;left:303px;"> </div> <div id="el11_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="11"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/tgf-beta-riii">TGF-beta RIII</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/endoglin-cd105">Endoglin/CD105</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el12_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray12 pw-gray" style="top:127px;left:154px;"> TGF-beta RIII or Endoglin </div> <div id="el12_off" data-id="12" data-set="TGF-betaRIII6" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off12" style="top:127px;left:154px;"> TGF-beta RIII or Endoglin</div> <div id="el12_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="12"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/tgf-beta-riii">TGF-beta RIII</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/endoglin-cd105">Endoglin/CD105</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el13_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray13 pw-gray" style="top:171px;left:252px;"> </div> <div id="el13_off" data-id="13" data-set="Daxx7" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off13" style="top:171px;left:252px;"> </div> <div id="el13_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="13"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/daxx">Daxx</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el14_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray14 pw-gray" style="top:179px;left:255px;"> Daxx </div> <div id="el14_off" data-id="14" data-set="Daxx7" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off14" style="top:179px;left:255px;"> Daxx</div> <div id="el14_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="14"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/daxx">Daxx</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el15_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray15 pw-gray" style="top:216px;left:153px;"> </div> <div id="el15_off" data-id="15" data-set="JNK8" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off15" style="top:216px;left:153px;"> </div> <div id="el15_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="15"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/jnk">JNK</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/jnk1/JNK2">JNK1/JNK2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/jnk1">JNK1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/jnk2">JNK2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/jnk3">JNK3</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/search?keywords=jnk">All JNK Products</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el16_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray16 pw-gray" style="top:226px;left:160px;"> JNK </div> <div id="el16_off" data-id="16" data-set="JNK8" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off16" style="top:226px;left:160px;"> JNK</div> <div id="el16_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="16"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/jnk">JNK</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/jnk1/JNK2">JNK1/JNK2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/jnk1">JNK1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/jnk2">JNK2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/jnk3">JNK3</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/search?keywords=jnk">All JNK Products</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el17_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray17 pw-gray" style="top:363px;left:185px;"> </div> <div id="el17_off" data-id="17" data-set="PAK29" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off17" style="top:363px;left:185px;"> </div> <div id="el17_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="17"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pak2">PAK2</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el18_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray18 pw-gray" style="top:374px;left:188px;"> PAK2 </div> <div id="el18_off" data-id="18" data-set="PAK29" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off18" style="top:374px;left:188px;"> PAK2</div> <div id="el18_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="18"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pak2">PAK2</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el19_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray19 pw-gray" style="top:411px;left:156px;"> </div> <div id="el19_off" data-id="19" data-set="p3810" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off19" style="top:411px;left:156px;"> </div> <div id="el19_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="19"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/p38">p38</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/p38 alpha">p38 alpha</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/p38 beta">p38 beta</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/p38 gamma">p38 gamma</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/p38 delta">p38 delta</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/search?keywords=p38">All p38 Products</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el20_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray20 pw-gray" style="top:422px;left:164px;"> p38 </div> <div id="el20_off" data-id="20" data-set="p3810" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off20" style="top:422px;left:164px;"> p38</div> <div id="el20_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="20"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/p38">p38</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/p38 alpha">p38 alpha</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/p38 beta">p38 beta</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/p38 gamma">p38 gamma</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/p38 delta">p38 delta</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/search?keywords=p38">All p38 Products</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el21_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray21 pw-gray" style="top:408px;left:217px;"> </div> <div id="el21_off" data-id="21" data-set="PP2A11" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off21" style="top:408px;left:217px;"> </div> <div id="el21_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="21"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pp2a">PP2A</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el22_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray22 pw-gray" style="top:419px;left:221px;"> PP2A </div> <div id="el22_off" data-id="22" data-set="PP2A11" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off22" style="top:419px;left:221px;"> PP2A</div> <div id="el22_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="22"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pp2a">PP2A</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el23_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray23 pw-gray" style="top:546px;left:167px;"> </div> <div id="el23_off" data-id="23" data-set="p70S6K12" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off23" style="top:546px;left:167px;"> </div> <div id="el23_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="23"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/p70-s6-kinase">p70 S6 Kinase</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el24_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray24 pw-gray" style="top:557px;left:158px;"> p70 S6K </div> <div id="el24_off" data-id="24" data-set="p70S6K12" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off24" style="top:557px;left:158px;"> p70 S6K</div> <div id="el24_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="24"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/p70-s6-kinase">p70 S6 Kinase</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el25_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray25 pw-gray" style="top:374px;left:266px;"> </div> <div id="el25_off" data-id="25" data-set="ROCK13" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off25" style="top:374px;left:266px;"> </div> <div id="el25_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="25"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/rock1">ROCK1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/rock2">ROCK2</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el26_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray26 pw-gray" style="top:385px;left:267px;"> ROCK </div> <div id="el26_off" data-id="26" data-set="ROCK13" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off26" style="top:385px;left:267px;"> ROCK</div> <div id="el26_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="26"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/rock1">ROCK1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/rock2">ROCK2</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el27_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray27 pw-gray" style="top:308px;left:324px;"> </div> <div id="el27_off" data-id="27" data-set="PI3-K14" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off27" style="top:308px;left:324px;"> </div> <div id="el27_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="27"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pi-3-kinase-c2-beta">PI 3-Kinase C2 beta</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pi-3-kinase-p55-gamma">PI 3-Kinase p55 gamma</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pi-3-kinase-p85-alpha">PI 3-Kinase p85 alpha</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pi-3-kinase-p85-beta">PI 3-Kinase p85 beta</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pi-3-kinase-p110-beta">PI 3-Kinase p110 beta</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pi-3-kinase-p110-gamma">PI 3-Kinase p110 gamma</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pi-3-kinase-p110-delta">PI 3-Kinase p110 delta</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pi-3-kinase-activators">PI 3-Kinase Activators</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pi-3-kinase-inhibitors">PI 3-Kinase Inhibitors</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/search?keywords=PI 3-Kinase">All PI 3-Kinase Products</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el28_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray28 pw-gray" style="top:319px;left:326px;"> PI 3-K </div> <div id="el28_off" data-id="28" data-set="PI3-K14" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off28" style="top:319px;left:326px;"> PI 3-K</div> <div id="el28_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="28"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pi-3-kinase-c2-beta">PI 3-Kinase C2 beta</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pi-3-kinase-p55-gamma">PI 3-Kinase p55 gamma</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pi-3-kinase-p85-alpha">PI 3-Kinase p85 alpha</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pi-3-kinase-p85-beta">PI 3-Kinase p85 beta</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pi-3-kinase-p110-beta">PI 3-Kinase p110 beta</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pi-3-kinase-p110-gamma">PI 3-Kinase p110 gamma</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pi-3-kinase-p110-delta">PI 3-Kinase p110 delta</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pi-3-kinase-activators">PI 3-Kinase Activators</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pi-3-kinase-inhibitors">PI 3-Kinase Inhibitors</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/search?keywords=PI 3-Kinase">All PI 3-Kinase Products</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el29_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray29 pw-gray" style="top:408px;left:324px;"> </div> <div id="el29_off" data-id="29" data-set="PDK-115" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off29" style="top:408px;left:324px;"> </div> <div id="el29_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="29"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pdk-1">PDK-1</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el30_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray30 pw-gray" style="top:419px;left:324px;"> PDK-1 </div> <div id="el30_off" data-id="30" data-set="PDK-115" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off30" style="top:419px;left:324px;"> PDK-1</div> <div id="el30_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="30"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/pdk-1">PDK-1</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el31_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray31 pw-gray" style="top:474px;left:303px;"> </div> <div id="el31_off" data-id="31" data-set="Akt16" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off31" style="top:474px;left:303px;"> </div> <div id="el31_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="31"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/akt">Akt</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/akt1">Akt1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/akt2">Akt2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/akt3">Akt3</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/search?keywords=akt*">All Akt Products</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el32_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray32 pw-gray" style="top:484px;left:312px;"> Akt </div> <div id="el32_off" data-id="32" data-set="Akt16" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off32" style="top:484px;left:312px;"> Akt</div> <div id="el32_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="32"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/akt">Akt</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/akt1">Akt1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/akt2">Akt2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/akt3">Akt3</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/search?keywords=akt*">All Akt Products</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el33_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray33 pw-gray" style="top:534px;left:241px;"> </div> <div id="el33_off" data-id="33" data-set="mTOR17" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off33" style="top:534px;left:241px;"> </div> <div id="el33_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="33"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/tor">TOR</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el34_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray34 pw-gray" style="top:544px;left:247px;"> TOR </div> <div id="el34_off" data-id="34" data-set="mTOR17" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off34" style="top:544px;left:247px;"> TOR</div> <div id="el34_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="34"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/tor">TOR</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el35_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray35 pw-gray" style="top:200px;left:328px;"> </div> <div id="el35_off" data-id="35" data-set="Shc18" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off35" style="top:200px;left:328px;"> </div> <div id="el35_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="35"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/shc1">SHC1</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el36_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray36 pw-gray" style="top:211px;left:336px;"> Shc </div> <div id="el36_off" data-id="36" data-set="Shc18" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off36" style="top:211px;left:336px;"> Shc</div> <div id="el36_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="36"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/shc1">SHC1</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el37_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray37 pw-gray" style="top:220px;left:327px;"> </div> <div id="el37_off" data-id="37" data-set="GRB219" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off37" style="top:220px;left:327px;"> </div> <div id="el37_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="37"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/grb2">GRB2</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el38_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray38 pw-gray" style="top:231px;left:329px;"> GRB2 </div> <div id="el38_off" data-id="38" data-set="GRB219" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off38" style="top:231px;left:329px;"> GRB2</div> <div id="el38_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="38"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/grb2">GRB2</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el39_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray39 pw-gray" style="top:239px;left:333px;"> </div> <div id="el39_off" data-id="39" data-set="SOS20" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off39" style="top:239px;left:333px;"> </div> <div id="el39_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="39"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/sos2">SOS2</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el40_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray40 pw-gray" style="top:250px;left:338px;"> SOS </div> <div id="el40_off" data-id="40" data-set="SOS20" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off40" style="top:250px;left:338px;"> SOS</div> <div id="el40_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="40"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/sos2">SOS2</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el41_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray41 pw-gray" style="top:347px;left:367px;"> </div> <div id="el41_off" data-id="41" data-set="Ras21" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off41" style="top:347px;left:367px;"> </div> <div id="el41_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="41"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/ras">Ras</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el42_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray42 pw-gray" style="top:358px;left:375px;"> Ras </div> <div id="el42_off" data-id="42" data-set="Ras21" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off42" style="top:358px;left:375px;"> Ras</div> <div id="el42_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="42"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/ras">Ras</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el43_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray43 pw-gray" style="top:471px;left:351px;"> </div> <div id="el43_off" data-id="43" data-set="Raf-122" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off43" style="top:471px;left:351px;"> </div> <div id="el43_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="43"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/raf-1">Raf-1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/b-raf">B-Raf</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/a-raf">A-Raf</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el44_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray44 pw-gray" style="top:479px;left:360px;"> Raf </div> <div id="el44_off" data-id="44" data-set="Raf-122" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off44" style="top:479px;left:360px;"> Raf</div> <div id="el44_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="44"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/raf-1">Raf-1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/b-raf">B-Raf</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/a-raf">A-Raf</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el45_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray45 pw-gray" style="top:541px;left:335px;"> </div> <div id="el45_off" data-id="45" data-set="MEK1223" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off45" style="top:541px;left:335px;"> </div> <div id="el45_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="45"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/mek1-mek2">MEK1/MEK2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/mek1">MEK1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/mek2">MEK2</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el46_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray46 pw-gray" style="top:551px;left:331px;"> MEK1/2 </div> <div id="el46_off" data-id="46" data-set="MEK1223" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off46" style="top:551px;left:331px;"> MEK1/2</div> <div id="el46_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="46"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/mek1-mek2">MEK1/MEK2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/mek1">MEK1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/mek2">MEK2</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el47_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray47 pw-gray" style="top:601px;left:284px;"> </div> <div id="el47_off" data-id="47" data-set="ERK1224" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off47" style="top:601px;left:284px;"> </div> <div id="el47_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="47"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/erk1-erk2">ERK1/ERK2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/erk1">ERK1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/erk2">ERK2</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el48_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray48 pw-gray" style="top:612px;left:277px;"> ERK1/2 </div> <div id="el48_off" data-id="48" data-set="ERK1224" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off48" style="top:612px;left:277px;"> ERK1/2</div> <div id="el48_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="48"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/erk1-erk2">ERK1/ERK2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/erk1">ERK1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/erk2">ERK2</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el49_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray49 pw-gray" style="top:236px;left:374px;"> </div> <div id="el49_off" data-id="49" data-set="TRAF-625" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off49" style="top:236px;left:374px;"> </div> <div id="el49_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="49"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/traf-6">TRAF-6</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el50_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray50 pw-gray" style="top:247px;left:373px;"> TRAF-6 </div> <div id="el50_off" data-id="50" data-set="TRAF-625" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off50" style="top:247px;left:373px;"> TRAF-6</div> <div id="el50_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="50"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/traf-6">TRAF-6</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el51_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray51 pw-gray" style="top:305px;left:417px;"> </div> <div id="el51_off" data-id="51" data-set="TAK126" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off51" style="top:305px;left:417px;"> </div> <div id="el51_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="51"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/tak1">TAK1</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el52_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray52 pw-gray" style="top:316px;left:420px;"> TAK1 </div> <div id="el52_off" data-id="52" data-set="TAK126" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off52" style="top:316px;left:420px;"> TAK1</div> <div id="el52_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="52"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/tak1">TAK1</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el53_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray53 pw-gray" style="top:410px;left:410px;"> </div> <div id="el53_off" data-id="53" data-set="MKK3627" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off53" style="top:410px;left:410px;"> </div> <div id="el53_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="53"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/mkk3">MKK3</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/mkk6">MKK6</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el54_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray54 pw-gray" style="top:420px;left:405px;"> MKK3/6 </div> <div id="el54_off" data-id="54" data-set="MKK3627" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off54" style="top:420px;left:405px;"> MKK3/6</div> <div id="el54_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="54"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/mkk3">MKK3</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/mkk6">MKK6</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el55_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray55 pw-gray" style="top:485px;left:404px;"> </div> <div id="el55_off" data-id="55" data-set="p3828" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off55" style="top:485px;left:404px;"> </div> <div id="el55_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="55"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/p38">p38</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/p38 alpha">p38 alpha</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/p38 beta">p38 beta</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/p38 gamma">p38 gamma</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/p38 delta">p38 delta</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/search?keywords=p38">All p38 Products</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el56_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray56 pw-gray" style="top:495px;left:414px;"> p38 </div> <div id="el56_off" data-id="56" data-set="p3828" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off56" style="top:495px;left:414px;"> p38</div> <div id="el56_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="56"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/p38">p38</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/p38 alpha">p38 alpha</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/p38 beta">p38 beta</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/p38 gamma">p38 gamma</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/p38 delta">p38 delta</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/search?keywords=p38">All p38 Products</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el57_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray57 pw-gray" style="top:392px;left:447px;"> </div> <div id="el57_off" data-id="57" data-set="MKK429" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off57" style="top:392px;left:447px;"> </div> <div id="el57_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="57"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/mkk4">MKK4</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el58_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray58 pw-gray" style="top:402px;left:448px;"> MKK4 </div> <div id="el58_off" data-id="58" data-set="MKK429" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off58" style="top:402px;left:448px;"> MKK4</div> <div id="el58_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="58"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/mkk4">MKK4</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el59_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray59 pw-gray" style="top:453px;left:465px;"> </div> <div id="el59_off" data-id="59" data-set="JNK30" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off59" style="top:453px;left:465px;"> </div> <div id="el59_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="59"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/jnk">JNK</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/jnk1/JNK2">JNK1/JNK2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/jnk1">JNK1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/jnk2">JNK2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/jnk3">JNK3</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/search?keywords=jnk">All JNK Products</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el60_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray60 pw-gray" style="top:463px;left:473px;"> JNK </div> <div id="el60_off" data-id="60" data-set="JNK30" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off60" style="top:463px;left:473px;"> JNK</div> <div id="el60_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="60"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/jnk">JNK</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/jnk1/JNK2">JNK1/JNK2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/jnk1">JNK1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/jnk2">JNK2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/jnk3">JNK3</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/search?keywords=jnk">All JNK Products</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el61_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray61 pw-gray" style="top:244px;left:470px;"> </div> <div id="el61_off" data-id="61" data-set="Smad1531" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off61" style="top:244px;left:470px;"> </div> <div id="el61_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="61"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad1">Smad1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad5">Smad5</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad8">Smad8</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el62_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray62 pw-gray" style="top:256px;left:468px;"> Smad1/5/8 </div> <div id="el62_off" data-id="62" data-set="Smad1531" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off62" style="top:256px;left:468px;"> Smad1/5/8</div> <div id="el62_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="62"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad1">Smad1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad5">Smad5</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad8">Smad8</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el63_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray63 pw-gray" style="top:358px;left:507px;"> </div> <div id="el63_off" data-id="63" data-set="Smad432" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off63" style="top:358px;left:507px;"> </div> <div id="el63_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="63"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad4">Smad4</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el64_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray64 pw-gray" style="top:367px;left:503px;"> Smad4 </div> <div id="el64_off" data-id="64" data-set="Smad432" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off64" style="top:367px;left:503px;"> Smad4</div> <div id="el64_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="64"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad4">Smad4</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el65_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray65 pw-gray" style="top:434px;left:542px;"> </div> <div id="el65_off" data-id="65" data-set="Smad1533" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off65" style="top:434px;left:542px;"> </div> <div id="el65_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="65"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad1">Smad1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad5">Smad5</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad8">Smad8</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el66_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray66 pw-gray" style="top:446px;left:540px;"> Smad1/5/8 </div> <div id="el66_off" data-id="66" data-set="Smad1533" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off66" style="top:446px;left:540px;"> Smad1/5/8</div> <div id="el66_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="66"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad1">Smad1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad5">Smad5</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad8">Smad8</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el67_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray67 pw-gray" style="top:275px;left:549px;"> </div> <div id="el67_off" data-id="67" data-set="Smad2334" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off67" style="top:275px;left:549px;"> </div> <div id="el67_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="67"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad2">Smad2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad3">Smad3</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el68_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray68 pw-gray" style="top:287px;left:553px;"> Smad2/3 </div> <div id="el68_off" data-id="68" data-set="Smad2334" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off68" style="top:287px;left:553px;"> Smad2/3</div> <div id="el68_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="68"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad2">Smad2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad3">Smad3</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el69_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray69 pw-gray" style="top:627px;left:442px;"> </div> <div id="el69_off" data-id="69" data-set="Smad435" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off69" style="top:627px;left:442px;"> </div> <div id="el69_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="69"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad4">Smad4</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el70_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray70 pw-gray" style="top:639px;left:441px;"> Smad4 </div> <div id="el70_off" data-id="70" data-set="Smad435" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off70" style="top:639px;left:441px;"> Smad4</div> <div id="el70_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="70"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad4">Smad4</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el71_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray71 pw-gray" style="top:398.66668701171875px;left:614.6666793823242px;"> </div> <div id="el71_off" data-id="71" data-set="Smad2336" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off71" style="top:398.66668701171875px;left:614.6666793823242px;"> </div> <div id="el71_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="71"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad2">Smad2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad3">Smad3</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el72_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray72 pw-gray" style="top:410px;left:618px;"> Smad2/3 </div> <div id="el72_off" data-id="72" data-set="Smad2336" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off72" style="top:410px;left:618px;"> Smad2/3</div> <div id="el72_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="72"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad2">Smad2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad3">Smad3</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el73_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray73 pw-gray" style="top:199px;left:531px;"> </div> <div id="el73_off" data-id="73" data-set="Smurf1237" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off73" style="top:199px;left:531px;"> </div> <div id="el73_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="73"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smurf2">SMURF2</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el74_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray74 pw-gray" style="top:210px;left:526px;"> Smurf1/2 </div> <div id="el74_off" data-id="74" data-set="Smurf1237" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off74" style="top:210px;left:526px;"> Smurf1/2</div> <div id="el74_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="74"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smurf2">SMURF2</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el75_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray75 pw-gray" style="top:225px;left:584px;"> </div> <div id="el75_off" data-id="75" data-set="Smad738" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off75" style="top:225px;left:584px;"> </div> <div id="el75_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="75"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad7">Smad7</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el76_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray76 pw-gray" style="top:236px;left:584px;"> Smad7 </div> <div id="el76_off" data-id="76" data-set="Smad738" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off76" style="top:236px;left:584px;"> Smad7</div> <div id="el76_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="76"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad7">Smad7</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el77_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray77 pw-gray" style="top:608px;left:435px;"> </div> <div id="el77_off" data-id="77" data-set="Smad23orSmad1539" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off77" style="top:608px;left:435px;"> </div> <div id="el77_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="77"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad2">Smad2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad3">Smad3</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad1">Smad1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad5">Smad5</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad8">Smad8</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el78_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray78 pw-gray" style="top:621px;left:398px;"> Smad2/3 or Smad1/5/8 </div> <div id="el78_off" data-id="78" data-set="Smad23orSmad1539" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off78" style="top:621px;left:398px;"> Smad2/3 or Smad1/5/8</div> <div id="el78_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="78"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad2">Smad2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad3">Smad3</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad1">Smad1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad5">Smad5</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad8">Smad8</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el79_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray79 pw-gray" style="top:307px;left:646px;"> </div> <div id="el79_off" data-id="79" data-set="Smad440" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off79" style="top:307px;left:646px;"> </div> <div id="el79_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="79"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad4">Smad4</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el80_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray80 pw-gray" style="top:317px;left:644px;"> Smad4 </div> <div id="el80_off" data-id="80" data-set="Smad440" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off80" style="top:317px;left:644px;"> Smad4</div> <div id="el80_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="80"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad4">Smad4</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el81_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray81 pw-gray" style="top:764px;left:339px;"> </div> <div id="el81_off" data-id="81" data-set="Smad23orSmad1541" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off81" style="top:764px;left:339px;"> </div> <div id="el81_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="81"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad2">Smad2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad3">Smad3</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad1">Smad1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad5">Smad5</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad8">Smad8</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el82_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray82 pw-gray" style="top:730px;left:355px;"> Smad2/3 or Smad1/5/8 </div> <div id="el82_off" data-id="82" data-set="Smad23orSmad1541" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off82" style="top:730px;left:355px;"> Smad2/3 or Smad1/5/8</div> <div id="el82_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="82"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad2">Smad2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad3">Smad3</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad1">Smad1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad5">Smad5</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad8">Smad8</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el83_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray83 pw-gray" style="top:775px;left:322px;"> </div> <div id="el83_off" data-id="83" data-set="Smad442" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off83" style="top:775px;left:322px;"> </div> <div id="el83_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="83"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad4">Smad4</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el84_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray84 pw-gray" style="top:716px;left:316px;"> Smad4 </div> <div id="el84_off" data-id="84" data-set="Smad442" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off84" style="top:716px;left:316px;"> Smad4</div> <div id="el84_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="84"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/smad4">Smad4</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el85_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite pw-sprite-inactive el-gray85 pw-gray" style="top:775px;left:300px;"> </div> <div id="el85_off" data-id="85" data-set="CoA43" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite pw-sprite-inactive el-off85" style="top:775px;left:300px;"> </div> <div id="el85_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="85"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> </div> </div> <div id="el86_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label2 el-gray86 pw-gray" style="top:741px;left:304px;"> CoA,<br>CoR </div> <div id="el86_off" data-id="86" data-set="CoA43" data-type="" class="tgf-beta pw-label2 el-off86" style="top:741px;left:304px;"> CoA,<br>CoR</div> <div id="el86_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="86"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> </div> </div> <div id="el87_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray87 pw-gray" style="top:772px;left:361px;"> </div> <div id="el87_off" data-id="87" data-set="DNA-bindingTranscriptionFactor44" data-type="" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off87" style="top:772px;left:361px;"> </div> <div id="el87_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="87"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/androgen-r-nr3c4">Androgen R/NR3C4</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/atf1">ATF1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/atf2">ATF2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/atf4">ATF4</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/c-fos">c-Fos</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/creb">CREB</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/er-alpha-nr3a1">ER alpha/NR3A1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/er-beta-nr3a2">ER beta/NR3A2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/fosb-g0s3">FosB/G0S3</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/foxh1">FoxH1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/foxo1-fkhr">FoxO1/FKHR</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/foxo3">FoxO3</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/fra-1">FRA-1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/gli-3">GLI-3</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/gr-nr3c1">GR/NR3C1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/gr-nr3c1">GR/NR3C1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/hnf-4-alpha-nr2a1">HNF-4 alpha/NR2A1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/hnf-4-gamma-nr2a2">HNF-4 gamma/NR2A2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/junb">JunB</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/c-jun">c-Jun</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/jund">JunD</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/max">Max</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/mef2c">MEF2C</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/c-myc">c-Myc</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/myod">MyoD</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/nfkb1">NFkB1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/nfkb2">NFkB2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/oasis-creb3l1">OASIS/CREB3L1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/ppar-gamma-nr1c3">PPAR gamma/NR1C3</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/rela-nfkb-p65">RelA/NFkB p65</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/relb">RelB</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/c-rel">c-Rel</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/runx1-cbfa2">RUNX1/CBFA2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/runx2-cbfa1">RUNX2/CBFA1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/runx3-cbfa3">RUNX3/CBFA3</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el88_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray88 pw-gray" style="top:752px;left:390px;"> DNA-binding Transcription Factor </div> <div id="el88_off" data-id="88" data-set="DNA-bindingTranscriptionFactor44" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off88" style="top:752px;left:390px;"> DNA-binding Transcription Factor</div> <div id="el88_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="88"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/androgen-r-nr3c4">Androgen R/NR3C4</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/atf1">ATF1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/atf2">ATF2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/atf4">ATF4</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/c-fos">c-Fos</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/creb">CREB</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/er-alpha-nr3a1">ER alpha/NR3A1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/er-beta-nr3a2">ER beta/NR3A2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/fosb-g0s3">FosB/G0S3</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/foxh1">FoxH1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/foxo1-fkhr">FoxO1/FKHR</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/foxo3">FoxO3</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/fra-1">FRA-1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/gli-3">GLI-3</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/gr-nr3c1">GR/NR3C1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/gr-nr3c1">GR/NR3C1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/hnf-4-alpha-nr2a1">HNF-4 alpha/NR2A1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/hnf-4-gamma-nr2a2">HNF-4 gamma/NR2A2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/junb">JunB</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/c-jun">c-Jun</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/jund">JunD</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/max">Max</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/mef2c">MEF2C</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/c-myc">c-Myc</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/myod">MyoD</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/nfkb1">NFkB1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/nfkb2">NFkB2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/oasis-creb3l1">OASIS/CREB3L1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/ppar-gamma-nr1c3">PPAR gamma/NR1C3</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/rela-nfkb-p65">RelA/NFkB p65</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/relb">RelB</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/c-rel">c-Rel</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/runx1-cbfa2">RUNX1/CBFA2</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/runx2-cbfa1">RUNX2/CBFA1</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/runx3-cbfa3">RUNX3/CBFA3</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el89_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label2 el-gray89 pw-gray" style="top:147px;left:377px;"> <h2 class="pw_txtBox">Cleavage/ICD Nuclear Translocation</h2> </div> <div id="el89_off" data-id="89" data-set="CleavageICDNuclearTranslocation" data-type="" class="tgf-beta pw-label2 el-off89" style="top:147px;left:377px;"> <h2 class="pw_txtBox">Cleavage/ICD Nuclear Translocation</h2></div> <div id="el89_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="89"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> </div> </div> <div id="el90_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label2 el-gray90 pw-gray" style="top:177px;left:458px;"> <h2 class="pw_txtBox">Degradation</h2> </div> <div id="el90_off" data-id="90" data-set="Degradation" data-type="" class="tgf-beta pw-label2 el-off90" style="top:177px;left:458px;"> <h2 class="pw_txtBox">Degradation</h2></div> <div id="el90_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="90"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> </div> </div> <div id="el91_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label2 el-gray91 pw-gray" style="top:773px;left:431px;"> Target Genes </div> <div id="el91_off" data-id="91" data-set="TargetGenes" data-type="" class="tgf-beta pw-label2 el-off91" style="top:773px;left:431px;"> Target Genes</div> <div id="el91_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="91"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> </div> </div> <div id="el92_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite pw-sprite-inactive el-gray92 pw-gray" style="top:766px;left:280px;"> </div> <div id="el92_off" data-id="92" data-set="ChromatinRemodelingFactors" data-type="" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite pw-sprite-inactive el-off92" style="top:766px;left:280px;"> </div> <div id="el92_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="92"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> </div> </div> <div id="el93_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label2 el-gray93 pw-gray" style="top:753px;left:114px;"> Chromatin Remodeling Factors </div> <div id="el93_off" data-id="93" data-set="ChromatinRemodelingFactors" data-type="" class="tgf-beta pw-label2 el-off93" style="top:753px;left:114px;"> Chromatin Remodeling Factors</div> <div id="el93_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="93"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> </div> </div> <div id="el94_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray94 pw-gray" style="top:319px;left:111px;"> </div> <div id="el94_off" data-id="94" data-set="Smurf149" data-type="" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off94" style="top:319px;left:111px;"> </div> <div id="el94_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="94"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> We currently do not offer products for this molecule<br><br>Use our <a target="_blank" href="/products/product-suggestions?m=Smurf1">Product Suggestion form</a> to enter a request.<br><br>You will be notified once it becomes available. </div> </div> <div id="el95_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray95 pw-gray" style="top:327px;left:109px;"> Smurf1 </div> <div id="el95_off" data-id="95" data-set="Smurf149" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off95" style="top:327px;left:109px;"> Smurf1</div> <div id="el95_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="95"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> We currently do not offer products for this molecule<br><br>Use our <a target="_blank" href="/products/product-suggestions?m=Smurf1">Product Suggestion form</a> to enter a request.<br><br>You will be notified once it becomes available. </div> </div> <div id="el96_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray96 pw-gray" style="top:292px;left:270px;"> </div> <div id="el96_off" data-id="96" data-set="RhoA50" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off96" style="top:292px;left:270px;"> </div> <div id="el96_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="96"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> We currently do not offer products for this molecule<br><br>Use our <a target="_blank" href="/products/product-suggestions?m=RhoA">Product Suggestion form</a> to enter a request.<br><br>You will be notified once it becomes available. </div> </div> <div id="el97_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray97 pw-gray" style="top:304px;left:273px;"> RhoA </div> <div id="el97_off" data-id="97" data-set="RhoA50" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off97" style="top:304px;left:273px;"> RhoA</div> <div id="el97_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="97"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> We currently do not offer products for this molecule<br><br>Use our <a target="_blank" href="/products/product-suggestions?m=RhoA">Product Suggestion form</a> to enter a request.<br><br>You will be notified once it becomes available. </div> </div> <div id="el98_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray98 pw-gray" style="top:297px;left:179px;"> </div> <div id="el98_off" data-id="98" data-set="Cdc42Rac151" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off98" style="top:297px;left:179px;"> </div> <div id="el98_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="98"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/cdc42">CDC42</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/rac1">Rac1</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el99_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray99 pw-gray" style="top:306px;left:156px;"> Cdc42 or Rac1 </div> <div id="el99_off" data-id="99" data-set="Cdc42Rac151" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off99" style="top:306px;left:156px;"> Cdc42 or Rac1</div> <div id="el99_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="99"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> <a target="_blank" href="/target/cdc42">CDC42</a><br> <a target="_blank" href="/target/rac1">Rac1</a><br> </div> </div> <div id="el100_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray100 pw-gray" style="top:369px;left:89px;"> </div> <div id="el100_off" data-id="100" data-set="RhoA" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off100" style="top:369px;left:89px;"> </div> <div id="el100_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="100"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> We currently do not offer products for this molecule<br><br>Use our <a target="_blank" href="/products/product-suggestions?m=RhoA">Product Suggestion form</a> to enter a request.<br><br>You will be notified once it becomes available. </div> </div> <div id="el101_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray101 pw-gray" style="top:378px;left:92px;"> RhoA </div> <div id="el101_off" data-id="101" data-set="RhoA" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off101" style="top:378px;left:92px;"> RhoA</div> <div id="el101_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="101"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> We currently do not offer products for this molecule<br><br>Use our <a target="_blank" href="/products/product-suggestions?m=RhoA">Product Suggestion form</a> to enter a request.<br><br>You will be notified once it becomes available. </div> </div> <div id="el102_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray102 pw-gray" style="top:207px;left:223px;"> </div> <div id="el102_off" data-id="102" data-set="par6" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off102" style="top:207px;left:223px;"> </div> <div id="el102_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="102"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> We currently do not offer products for this molecule<br><br>Use our <a target="_blank" href="/products/product-suggestions?m=">Product Suggestion form</a> to enter a request.<br><br>You will be notified once it becomes available. </div> </div> <div id="el103_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray103 pw-gray" style="top:217px;left:228px;"> Par6 </div> <div id="el103_off" data-id="103" data-set="par6" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off103" style="top:217px;left:228px;"> Par6</div> <div id="el103_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="103"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> We currently do not offer products for this molecule<br><br>Use our <a target="_blank" href="/products/product-suggestions?m=">Product Suggestion form</a> to enter a request.<br><br>You will be notified once it becomes available. </div> </div> <div id="el104_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-gray104 pw-gray" style="top:174px;left:369px;"> </div> <div id="el104_off" data-id="104" data-set="SARA" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-sprite el-off104" style="top:174px;left:369px;"> </div> <div id="el104_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="104"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> We currently do not offer products for this molecule<br><br>Use our <a target="_blank" href="/products/product-suggestions?m=SARA">Product Suggestion form</a> to enter a request.<br><br>You will be notified once it becomes available. </div> </div> <div id="el105_gry" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-gray105 pw-gray" style="top:184px;left:370px;"> SARA </div> <div id="el105_off" data-id="105" data-set="SARA" data-type="No Products Click" class="tgf-beta pw-label el-off105" style="top:184px;left:370px;"> SARA</div> <div id="el105_ct" class="pw-tooltip" data-id="105"> <div class="pw-tooltip-head">Products<a href="#">Close</a></div> <div class="pw-tooltip-inner"> We currently do not offer products for this molecule<br><br>Use our <a target="_blank" href="/products/product-suggestions?m=SARA">Product Suggestion form</a> to enter a request.<br><br>You will be notified once it becomes available. </div> </div> </div> <div id="pw-img"> <img id="cont-img" src="https://resources.rndsystems.com/images/Pathways/pathway-images/tgf_beta.png" alt="TGF-beta Signaling Pathways" style="height:901px"> </div> </div> <div id="pathway-description"><p><div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4 col-xs-12"> <div class="featured-box"> <h2>Featured Literature</h2> <img id="gray" src="//resources.rndsystems.com/images/site/pathway-resource-tgf-beta-signaling-tn.jpg" alt="TGF-beta Signaling Regulates the Expression of Multiple Target Genes with Tumor-Suppressing & Tumor-Promoting Effects " width="100%"> <h3>TGF-beta Signaling Regulates the Expression of Multiple Target Genes with Tumor-Suppressing & Tumor-Promoting Effects Poster</h3> <a href="/resources/posters/tgf-beta-signaling-regulates-expression-multiple-target-genes-tumor-suppressing-tumor" class="btn btn-senary" target="_blank">View Poster</a> </div><!-- end feat box --> </div><!-- end col --> <div class="col-md-4 col-xs-12"> <div class="featured-box"> <h2>Featured Products</h2> <img src="//resources.rndsystems.com/images/site/pathway-resource-tgf-beta-superfamily-tn.jpg" alt="TGF-beta Superfamily Brochure" width="100%"> <h3>TGF-beta Superfamily Brochure</h3> <a href="/resources/literature/tgf-beta-superfamily" class="btn btn-senary" target="_blank">View Products</a> </div><!-- end feat box --> </div><!-- end col --> <div style="clear:both"> </div> </div><!-- end row --> <h2>Overview of TGF-beta Signaling</h2> <style type="text/css"> .container_16 {padding:0px !important;} .main.grid_16, .grid_16.base_rnd_css {width:1170px !important;} #pw-nav-con { width: 750px; height: inherit !important; background: none; } #pw-nav-con H2 { margin: 7px 0 5px 16px; padding: 5px 0; font-size: 19px; font-weight: inherit; width: 730px; border: none; } #pw-nav-con ul { margin: 0; padding: 0; height: 40px; } .pw-blu-btn { width: inherit; float: left; margin-left: 15px;} #pw-nav-con .pw-blu-btn a { background: #005F9E; border-top: 1px solid #005f9f;} #pw-nav-con .pw-blu-btn-active { border-top: none;} #pw-nav-con .pw-drk-blu-btn, #pw-nav-con li a /*request print button*/ { display: initial; padding: 5px 10px; font-weight: bold; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #005f9f; color: #090909; border-radius: 4px;} #pw-nav-con .pw-blu-btn-active { margin-left: 15px; float: left;} .related-information { background: #efefef; border: 1px solid #cccccc; position: relative; top: -54px;} .featured-links { display: block; text-decoration: none;} </style><!-- Background --> <p>TGF-beta proteins are highly pleiotropic cytokines that regulate a diverse range of processes during development and adult tissue homeostasis, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, angiogenesis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. TGF-beta molecules are normally secreted as part of an inactive, latent complex that consists of an N-terminal latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a C-terminal mature TGF-beta monomer. Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF-beta remain noncovalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF-beta complex. Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix. Activation of TGF-beta is controlled both spatially and temporally by the actions of proteases or select integrins.</p> <p>TGF-beta signals through a heterotetrameric receptor complex composed of two type I and two type II transmembrane receptor subunits with serine/threonine kinase domains. Following ligand binding, the type II receptor (TGF-beta RII) phosphorylates the type I receptor (TGF-beta RI), leading to recruitment and phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 in most cell types. Alternatively, Smad1 and Smad5 can be activated by TGF-beta signaling in some cell types depending on the type I receptor that is expressed. Activated Smad proteins associate with Smad4 and translocate to the nucleus, where they recruit additional transcriptional regulators, including DNA-binding transcription factors, co-activators, co-repressors, and chromatin remodeling factors, that control the expression of numerous target genes. Differential expression of these factors may be responsible for some of the cell type-specific responses to TGF-beta. Accessory proteins such as soluble or membrane-bound regulators or co-receptors can also affect TGF-beta signaling. In addition, TGF-beta can activate a number of Smad-independent signaling pathways, including Ras/MAPK, PI 3-K/Akt, p38, JNK, and RhoA/ROCK in a cell type-specific and context-dependent manner. Activation of these pathways may also contribute to the cellular responses induced by TGF-beta.</p> <p>To learn more, please visit our <a href="/research-area/tgf--beta-superfamily">TGF-beta Superfamily Research Area</a>.</p> </p></div> <div id="print-copy-form" class="accordion-wrapper"> <h3 class="builder-header builder-bead-type ui-accordion-header ui-helper-reset ui-state-default ui-corner-all ui-accordion-icons" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapsePathwayRequest" aria-expanded="false" id="pathwayRequestAccordionHeader"> <span class="ui-accordion-header-icon" id="accordionArrow"></span> Get Print Copy of this Pathway </h3> <div class="collapse" id="collapsePathwayRequest"> <div id="pathwayRequestWebformWrapper"> <form class="webform-client-form webform-client-form-27981" action="/pathways/tgf-beta-signaling-pathways" method="post" id="webform-client-form-27981" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-item webform-component webform-component-textfield webform-component--first-name form-group form-item form-item-submitted-first-name form-type-textfield form-group"> <label class="control-label" for="edit-submitted-first-name">First Name <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input required="required" class="form-control form-text required" type="text" id="edit-submitted-first-name" name="submitted[first_name]" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" /></div><div class="form-item webform-component webform-component-textfield webform-component--last-name form-group form-item form-item-submitted-last-name form-type-textfield form-group"> <label class="control-label" for="edit-submitted-last-name">Last Name <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input required="required" class="form-control form-text required" type="text" id="edit-submitted-last-name" name="submitted[last_name]" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" /></div><div class="form-item webform-component 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form-type-textfield form-group"> <label class="control-label" for="edit-submitted-address-1">Address 1 <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input required="required" class="form-control form-text required" type="text" id="edit-submitted-address-1" name="submitted[address_1]" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" /></div><div class="form-item webform-component webform-component-textfield webform-component--address-2 form-group form-item form-item-submitted-address-2 form-type-textfield form-group"> <label class="control-label" for="edit-submitted-address-2">Address 2</label> <input class="form-control form-text" type="text" id="edit-submitted-address-2" name="submitted[address_2]" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" /></div><div class="form-item webform-component webform-component-textfield webform-component--city form-group form-item form-item-submitted-city form-type-textfield form-group"> <label class="control-label" for="edit-submitted-city">City <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input required="required" class="form-control form-text required" type="text" id="edit-submitted-city" name="submitted[city]" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" /></div><div class="form-item webform-component webform-component-select webform-component--state form-group form-item form-item-submitted-state form-type-select form-group"> <label class="control-label" for="edit-submitted-state">State</label> <div class="select_wrapper"><select class="form-control form-select" id="edit-submitted-state" name="submitted[state]"><option value="" selected="selected">- None -</option><option value="AL">Alabama</option><option value="AK">Alaska</option><option value="AS">American Samoa</option><option value="AZ">Arizona</option><option value="AR">Arkansas</option><option value="CA">California</option><option value="CO">Colorado</option><option value="CT">Connecticut</option><option value="DE">Delaware</option><option value="DC">District of Columbia</option><option value="FL">Florida</option><option value="GA">Georgia</option><option value="GU">Guam</option><option value="HI">Hawaii</option><option value="ID">Idaho</option><option value="IL">Illinois</option><option value="IN">Indiana</option><option value="IA">Iowa</option><option value="KS">Kansas</option><option value="KY">Kentucky</option><option value="LA">Louisiana</option><option value="ME">Maine</option><option value="MH">Marshall Islands</option><option value="MD">Maryland</option><option value="MA">Massachusetts</option><option value="MI">Michigan</option><option value="MN">Minnesota</option><option value="MS">Mississippi</option><option value="MO">Missouri</option><option value="MT">Montana</option><option value="NE">Nebraska</option><option value="NV">Nevada</option><option value="NH">New Hampshire</option><option value="NJ">New Jersey</option><option value="NM">New Mexico</option><option value="NY">New York</option><option value="NC">North Carolina</option><option value="ND">North Dakota</option><option value="MP">Northern Marianas Islands</option><option value="OH">Ohio</option><option value="OK">Oklahoma</option><option value="OR">Oregon</option><option value="PW">Palau</option><option value="PA">Pennsylvania</option><option value="PR">Puerto Rico</option><option value="RI">Rhode Island</option><option value="SC">South Carolina</option><option value="SD">South Dakota</option><option value="TN">Tennessee</option><option value="TX">Texas</option><option value="UT">Utah</option><option value="VT">Vermont</option><option value="VI">Virgin Islands</option><option value="VA">Virginia</option><option value="WA">Washington</option><option value="WV">West Virginia</option><option value="WI">Wisconsin</option><option value="WY">Wyoming</option></select></div></div><div class="form-item webform-component webform-component-textfield webform-component--postal-code form-group form-item form-item-submitted-postal-code form-type-textfield form-group"> <label class="control-label" for="edit-submitted-postal-code">Postal Code <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input required="required" class="form-control form-text required" type="text" id="edit-submitted-postal-code" name="submitted[postal_code]" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" /></div><div class="form-item webform-component webform-component-select webform-component--country form-group form-item form-item-submitted-country form-type-select form-group"> <label class="control-label" for="edit-submitted-country">Country</label> <div class="select_wrapper"><select class="form-control form-select" id="edit-submitted-country" name="submitted[country]"><option value="" selected="selected">- None -</option><option value="AL">Albania</option><option value="DZ">Algeria</option><option value="AD">Andorra</option><option value="AO">Angola</option><option value="AG">Antigua and Barbuda</option><option value="AR">Argentina</option><option value="AM">Armenia</option><option value="AW">Aruba</option><option value="AU">Australia</option><option value="AT">Austria</option><option value="AZ">Azerbaijan</option><option value="BS">Bahamas</option><option value="BH">Bahrain</option><option value="BD">Bangladesh</option><option value="BB">Barbados</option><option value="BE">Belgium</option><option value="BZ">Belize</option><option value="BJ">Benin</option><option value="BM">Bermuda</option><option value="BO">Bolivia</option><option value="BA">Bosnia and Herzegovina</option><option value="BW">Botswana</option><option value="BR">Brazil</option><option value="BN">Brunei</option><option value="BG">Bulgaria</option><option value="BF">Burkina Faso</option><option value="BI">Burundi</option><option value="KH">Cambodia</option><option value="CM">Cameroon</option><option value="CA">Canada</option><option value="KY">Cayman Islands</option><option value="CF">Central African Republic</option><option value="TD">Chad</option><option value="CL">Chile</option><option value="CN">China</option><option value="CO">Colombia</option><option value="CR">Costa Rica</option><option value="HR">Croatia</option><option value="CY">Cyprus</option><option value="CZ">Czech Republic</option><option value="DK">Denmark</option><option value="DJ">Djibouti</option><option value="DM">Dominica</option><option value="DO">Dominican Republic</option><option value="EC">Ecuador</option><option value="EG">Egypt</option><option value="SV">El Salvador</option><option value="GQ">Equatorial Guinea</option><option value="ER">Eritrea</option><option value="EE">Estonia</option><option value="ET">Ethiopia</option><option value="FK">Falkland Islands</option><option value="FJ">Fiji</option><option value="FI">Finland</option><option value="FR">France</option><option value="PF">French Polynesia</option><option value="GA">Gabon</option><option value="GM">Gambia</option><option value="GE">Georgia</option><option value="DE">Germany</option><option value="GH">Ghana</option><option value="GI">Gibraltar</option><option value="GR">Greece</option><option value="GD">Grenada</option><option value="GP">Guadeloupe</option><option value="GU">Guam</option><option value="GT">Guatemala</option><option value="GN">Guinea</option><option value="GW">Guinea-Bissau</option><option value="GY">Guyana</option><option value="HT">Haiti</option><option value="HN">Honduras</option><option value="HK">Hong Kong S.A.R., China</option><option value="HU">Hungary</option><option value="IS">Iceland</option><option value="IN">India</option><option value="ID">Indonesia</option><option value="IQ">Iraq</option><option value="IE">Ireland</option><option value="IL">Israel</option><option value="IT">Italy</option><option value="CI">Ivory Coast</option><option value="JM">Jamaica</option><option value="JP">Japan</option><option value="JO">Jordan</option><option value="KZ">Kazakhstan</option><option value="KE">Kenya</option><option value="KW">Kuwait</option><option value="KG">Kyrgyzstan</option><option value="LV">Latvia</option><option value="LB">Lebanon</option><option value="LS">Lesotho</option><option value="LR">Liberia</option><option value="LI">Liechtenstein</option><option value="LT">Lithuania</option><option value="LU">Luxembourg</option><option value="MK">Macedonia</option><option value="MG">Madagascar</option><option value="MW">Malawi</option><option value="MY">Malaysia</option><option value="ML">Mali</option><option value="MT">Malta</option><option value="MH">Marshall Islands</option><option value="MR">Mauritania</option><option value="MX">Mexico</option><option value="MD">Moldova</option><option value="MC">Monaco</option><option value="MN">Mongolia</option><option value="ME">Montenegro</option><option value="MA">Morocco</option><option value="MZ">Mozambique</option><option value="MM">Myanmar</option><option value="NA">Namibia</option><option 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