CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Glossary of rhetorical terms - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c7b3a8f8-8706-4e72-bf20-d34298b3e605","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms","wgTitle":"Glossary of rhetorical terms","wgCurRevisionId":1247084147,"wgRevisionId":1247084147,"wgArticleId":3822296,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia glossaries using unordered lists","Wikipedia glossaries","Rhetoric","Rhetorical techniques"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms","wgRelevantArticleId":3822296,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[], "wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q17017605","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Cicero_Denounces_Catiline_in_the_Roman_Senate_by_Cesare_Maccari_-_3.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="748"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cicero_Denounces_Catiline_in_the_Roman_Senate_by_Cesare_Maccari_-_3.jpg/800px-Cicero_Denounces_Catiline_in_the_Roman_Senate_by_Cesare_Maccari_-_3.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="499"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cicero_Denounces_Catiline_in_the_Roman_Senate_by_Cesare_Maccari_-_3.jpg/640px-Cicero_Denounces_Catiline_in_the_Roman_Senate_by_Cesare_Maccari_-_3.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="399"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Glossary of rhetorical terms - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms rootpage-Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Glossary+of+rhetorical+terms" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Glossary+of+rhetorical+terms" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Glossary+of+rhetorical+terms" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Glossary+of+rhetorical+terms" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Glossary of rhetorical terms</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 6 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roll_al_lunienno%C3%B9_stil" title="Roll al luniennoù stil – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Roll al luniennoù stil" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_rhetorischer_Stilmittel" title="Liste rhetorischer Stilmittel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liste rhetorischer Stilmittel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_figures_de_style" title="Liste des figures de style – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liste des figures de style" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijst_van_stijlfiguren" title="Lijst van stijlfiguren – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lijst van stijlfiguren" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Arodki_stylistyczne" title="Środki stylistyczne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Środki stylistyczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%C4%83_cu_figuri_retorice" title="Listă cu figuri retorice – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Listă cu figuri retorice" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17017605#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&oldid=1247084147" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&id=1247084147&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGlossary_of_rhetorical_terms"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGlossary_of_rhetorical_terms"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17017605" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Rhetoric" title="Category:Rhetoric">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">Rhetoric</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cicero_Denounces_Catiline_in_the_Roman_Senate_by_Cesare_Maccari_-_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cicero_Denounces_Catiline_in_the_Roman_Senate_by_Cesare_Maccari_-_3.jpg/150px-Cicero_Denounces_Catiline_in_the_Roman_Senate_by_Cesare_Maccari_-_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cicero_Denounces_Catiline_in_the_Roman_Senate_by_Cesare_Maccari_-_3.jpg/225px-Cicero_Denounces_Catiline_in_the_Roman_Senate_by_Cesare_Maccari_-_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cicero_Denounces_Catiline_in_the_Roman_Senate_by_Cesare_Maccari_-_3.jpg/300px-Cicero_Denounces_Catiline_in_the_Roman_Senate_by_Cesare_Maccari_-_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric#History_and_development" title="Rhetoric">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric#Ancient_Greece" title="Rhetoric">Ancient Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asiatic_style" title="Asiatic style">Asianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atticism" title="Atticism">Atticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_orators" title="Attic orators">Attic orators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calliope" title="Calliope">Calliope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophist" title="Sophist">Sophists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Indian_rhetoric" title="Ancient Indian rhetoric">Ancient India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric#Rome" title="Rhetoric">Ancient Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_literature#The_age_of_Cicero" title="Latin literature">The age of Cicero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sophistic" title="Second Sophistic">Second Sophistic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric#Medieval_to_Enlightenment" title="Rhetoric">Middle Ages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_rhetoric" title="Byzantine rhetoric">Byzantine rhetoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trivium" title="Trivium">Trivium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric#Sixteenth_century" title="Rhetoric">Renaissance</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Studia_humanitatis" class="mw-redirect" title="Studia humanitatis">Studia humanitatis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_rhetoric" title="Modern rhetoric">Modern period</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Concepts</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Captatio_benevolentiae" title="Captatio benevolentiae">Captatio benevolentiae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chironomia" title="Chironomia">Chironomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decorum" title="Decorum">Decorum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Delectare" class="mw-redirect" title="Delectare">Delectare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Docere" class="mw-redirect" title="Docere">Docere</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetorical_device" title="Rhetorical device">Device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eloquence" title="Eloquence">Eloquence</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eloquentia_perfecta" title="Eloquentia perfecta">Eloquentia perfecta</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eunoia" title="Eunoia">Eunoia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enthymeme" title="Enthymeme">Enthymeme</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Facilitas" title="Facilitas">Facilitas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallacy" title="Fallacy">Fallacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Informal_fallacy" title="Informal fallacy">Informal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_of_speech" title="Figure of speech">Figure of speech</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scheme_(rhetoric)" title="Scheme (rhetoric)">Scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trope_(literature)" title="Trope (literature)">Trope</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Canons_of_Rhetoric" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Canons of Rhetoric">Five canons</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Inventio" title="Inventio">Inventio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dispositio" title="Dispositio">Dispositio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elocutio" title="Elocutio">Elocutio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Memoria" title="Memoria">Memoria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pronuntiatio" title="Pronuntiatio">Pronuntiatio</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypsos" title="Hypsos">Hypsos</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dionysian_imitatio" title="Dionysian imitatio">Imitatio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kairos" title="Kairos">Kairos</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Method_of_loci" title="Method of loci">Method of loci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetorical_modes" title="Rhetorical modes">Modes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetorical_operations" title="Rhetorical operations">Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modes_of_persuasion" title="Modes of persuasion">Persuasion</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ethos" title="Ethos">Ethos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pathos" title="Pathos">Pathos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">Logos</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetorical_situation" title="Rhetorical situation">Situation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_(sociolinguistics)" title="Style (sociolinguistics)">Style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_style_(rhetoric)" title="Grand style (rhetoric)">Grand</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sotto_voce" title="Sotto voce">Sotto voce</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Literary_topos" title="Literary topos">Topos</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Genres</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apologetics" title="Apologetics">Apologetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debate" title="Debate">Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declamation" title="Declamation">Declamation</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Controversia" title="Controversia">Controversia</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deliberative_rhetoric" title="Deliberative rhetoric">Deliberative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demagogue" title="Demagogue">Demagogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialectic" title="Dialectic">Dialectic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socratic_method" title="Socratic method">Socratic method</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dissoi_logoi" title="Dissoi logoi">Dissoi logoi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elocution" title="Elocution">Elocution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epideictic" title="Epideictic">Epideictic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Encomium" title="Encomium">Encomium</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panegyric" title="Panegyric">Panegyric</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulogy" title="Eulogy">Eulogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_speech" title="Farewell speech">Farewell speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_rhetoric" title="Forensic rhetoric">Forensic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_oration_(ancient_Greece)" title="Funeral oration (ancient Greece)">Funeral oration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homiletics" title="Homiletics">Homiletics‎</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sermon" title="Sermon">Sermon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invitational_rhetoric" title="Invitational rhetoric">Invitational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecture" title="Lecture">Lecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_lecture" title="Public lecture">Public</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_talk" title="Lightning talk">Lightning talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_speech" title="Maiden speech">Maiden speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_speaking" title="Public speaking">Oratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemic" title="Polemic">Polemic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diatribe" title="Diatribe">Diatribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eristic" title="Eristic">Eristic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippic" title="Philippic">Philippic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progymnasmata" title="Progymnasmata">Progymnasmata</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suasoria" title="Suasoria">Suasoria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spin_(propaganda)" title="Spin (propaganda)">Spin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resignation_speech" title="Resignation speech">Resignation speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stump_speech" title="Stump speech">Stump speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-war_rhetoric" title="Pro-war rhetoric">War-mongering</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Rhetorical_criticism" title="Rhetorical criticism">Criticism</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_criticism" title="Cluster criticism">Cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dramatism" title="Dramatism">Dramatic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dramatistic_pentad" title="Dramatistic pentad">Pentadic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frame_analysis" title="Frame analysis">Frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genre_criticism" title="Genre criticism">Genre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideological_criticism" title="Ideological criticism">Ideological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphoric_criticism" title="Metaphoric criticism">Metaphoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimesis_criticism" title="Mimesis criticism">Mimesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_criticism" title="Narrative criticism">Narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Aristotelianism_(literature)" title="Neo-Aristotelianism (literature)">Neo-Aristotelian</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Rhetoricians</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspasia" title="Aspasia">Aspasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin" title="Mikhail Bakhtin">Bakhtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_C._Booth" title="Wayne C. Booth">Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Brueggemann" title="Walter Brueggemann">Brueggemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Burke" title="Kenneth Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Man" title="Paul de Man">de Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes">Demosthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Derrida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgias" title="Gorgias">Gorgias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Hobbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isocrates" title="Isocrates">Isocrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysias" title="Lysias">Lysias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_McLuhan" title="Marshall McLuhan">McLuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_J._Ong" title="Walter J. Ong">Ong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman" title="Chaïm Perelman">Perelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_de_Pizan" title="Christine de Pizan">Pizan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protagoras" title="Protagoras">Protagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintilian" title="Quintilian">Quintilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_Ramus" title="Petrus Ramus">Ramus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._A._Richards" title="I. A. Richards">Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Toulmin" title="Stephen Toulmin">Toulmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Vico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver" title="Richard M. Weaver">Weaver</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Works</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gorgias_(dialogue)" title="Gorgias (dialogue)">Gorgias</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(380 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phaedrus_(dialogue)#Discussion_of_rhetoric_and_writing_(257c–279c)" title="Phaedrus (dialogue)">Phaedrus</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 370 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric_(Aristotle)" title="Rhetoric (Aristotle)">Rhetoric</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 350 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric_to_Alexander" title="Rhetoric to Alexander">Rhetoric to Alexander</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 350 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sophistical_Refutations" title="Sophistical Refutations">De Sophisticis Elenchis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 350 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Topics_(Aristotle)" title="Topics (Aristotle)">Topics</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 350 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Inventione" title="De Inventione">De Inventione</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(84 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhetorica_ad_Herennium" title="Rhetorica ad Herennium">Rhetorica ad Herennium</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(80 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Oratore" title="De Oratore">De Oratore</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(55 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Dialogue_Concerning_Oratorical_Partitions" title="A Dialogue Concerning Oratorical Partitions">A Dialogue Concerning Oratorical Partitions</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 50 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Optimo_Genere_Oratorum" title="De Optimo Genere Oratorum">De Optimo Genere Oratorum</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(46 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orator_(Cicero)" title="Orator (Cicero)">Orator</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(46 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Sublime" title="On the Sublime">On the Sublime</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 50)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Institutio_Oratoria" title="Institutio Oratoria">Institutio Oratoria</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(95)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panegyrici_Latini" title="Panegyrici Latini">Panegyrici Latini</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(100–400)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dialogus_de_oratoribus" title="Dialogus de oratoribus">Dialogus de oratoribus</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(102)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_doctrina_Christiana" title="De doctrina Christiana">De doctrina Christiana</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(426)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_vulgari_eloquentia" title="De vulgari eloquentia">De vulgari eloquentia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1305)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Copia:_Foundations_of_the_Abundant_Style" title="Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style">Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1521)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Language_as_Symbolic_Action" title="Language as Symbolic Action">Language as Symbolic Action</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1966)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_General_Rhetoric" title="A General Rhetoric">A General Rhetoric</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1970)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Subfields</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argumentation_theory" title="Argumentation theory">Argumentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_rhetoric" title="Cognitive rhetoric">Cognitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrastive_rhetoric" title="Contrastive rhetoric">Contrastive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutive_rhetoric" title="Constitutive rhetoric">Constitutive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_rhetoric" title="Digital rhetoric">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_rhetoric" title="Feminist rhetoric">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_rhetoric" title="Native American rhetoric">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_rhetorics" class="mw-redirect" title="New rhetorics">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric_of_health_and_medicine" title="Rhetoric of health and medicine">Health and medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theories_of_rhetoric_and_composition_pedagogy" title="Theories of rhetoric and composition pedagogy">Pedagogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procedural_rhetoric" title="Procedural rhetoric">Procedural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric_of_science" title="Rhetoric of science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric_of_technology" title="Rhetoric of technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric_of_therapy" title="Rhetoric of therapy">Therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_rhetoric" title="Visual rhetoric">Visual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_rhetoric_and_composition" title="Visual rhetoric and composition">Composition</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ars_dictaminis" title="Ars dictaminis">Ars dictaminis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication_studies" title="Communication studies">Communication studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composition_studies" title="Composition studies">Composition studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxa" title="Doxa">Doxa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Glossary of rhetorical terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossophobia" title="Glossophobia">Glossophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_rhetoricians" title="List of feminist rhetoricians">List of feminist rhetoricians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speeches" title="List of speeches">List of speeches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_skills" title="Oral skills">Oral skills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orator" title="Orator">Orator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistis" title="Pistis">Pistis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_rhetoric" title="Public rhetoric">Public rhetoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric_of_social_intervention_model" title="Rhetoric of social intervention model">Rhetoric of social intervention model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetrickery" title="Rhetrickery">Rhetrickery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogerian_argument" title="Rogerian argument">Rogerian argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seduction" title="Seduction">Seduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speechwriter" title="Speechwriter">Speechwriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_point" title="Talking point">Talking point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TED_(conference)" title="TED (conference)">TED</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terministic_screen" title="Terministic screen">Terministic screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulmin_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Toulmin model">Toulmin model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wooden_iron" title="Wooden iron">Wooden iron</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rhetoric" title="Template:Rhetoric"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rhetoric" title="Template talk:Rhetoric"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rhetoric" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rhetoric"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Owing to its origin in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a>, English rhetorical theory frequently employs <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> words as <a href="/wiki/Terms_of_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Terms of art">terms of art</a>. This page explains commonly used rhetorical terms in alphabetical order. The brief definitions here are intended to serve as a quick reference rather than an in-depth discussion. For more information, click the terms. </p> <div class="noprint"><div role="navigation" id="toc" class="toc plainlinks" aria-labelledby="tocheading" style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle" style="text-align:center;display:inline-block;"><span id="tocheading" style="font-weight:bold;">Contents: </span></div> <div style="margin:auto; display:inline-block;"> <ul><li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="#A">A</a></li> <li><a href="#B">B</a></li> <li><a href="#C">C</a></li> <li><a href="#D">D</a></li> <li><a href="#E">E</a></li> <li><a href="#F">F</a></li> <li><a href="#G">G</a></li> <li><a href="#H">H</a></li> <li><a href="#I">I</a></li> <li><a href="#J">J</a></li> <li><a href="#K">K</a></li> <li><a href="#L">L</a></li> <li><a href="#M">M</a></li> <li><a href="#N">N</a></li> <li><a href="#O">O</a></li> <li><a href="#P">P</a></li> <li><a href="#Q">Q</a></li> <li><a href="#R">R</a></li> <li><a href="#S">S</a></li> <li><a href="#T">T</a></li> <li><a href="#U">U</a></li> <li><a href="#V">V</a></li> <li><a href="#W">W</a></li> <li><a href="#X">X</a></li> <li><a href="#Y">Y</a></li> <li><a href="#Z">Z</a> </li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> </div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="A">A</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: A"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Accumulatio" title="Accumulatio">Accumulatio</a></b></i> – the emphasis or summary of previously made points or inferences by excessive praise or accusation.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Actio" class="mw-redirect" title="Actio">Actio</a></b></i> – canon #5 in Cicero's list of rhetorical canons; traditionally linked to oral rhetoric, referring to how a speech is given (including tone of voice and nonverbal gestures, among others).</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ad_hominem" title="Ad hominem">Ad hominem</a></b></i> – rebutting an argument by attacking the character, motive, or other attribute of the person making it rather than the substance of the argument itself.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Adianoeta" class="mw-redirect" title="Adianoeta">Adianoeta</a></b></i> – a phrase carrying two meanings: an obvious meaning and a second, more subtle and ingenious one (more commonly known as double entendre).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Alliteration" title="Alliteration">Alliteration</a></b> – the use of a series of two or more words beginning with the same letter.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Syntactic_ambiguity" title="Syntactic ambiguity">Amphiboly</a></b> – a sentence that may be interpreted in more than one way due to ambiguous structure.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Amplification_(rhetoric)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amplification (rhetoric)">Amplification</a></b> – the act and the means of extending thoughts or statements to increase rhetorical effect, to add importance, or to make the most of a thought or circumstance.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Anacoenosis" title="Anacoenosis">Anacoenosis</a></b></i> – a speaker asks his or her audience or opponents for their opinion or answer to the point in question.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Anadiplosis" title="Anadiplosis">Anadiplosis</a></b></i> – repeating the last word of one clause or phrase to begin the next.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Analogy" title="Analogy">Analogy</a></b> – the use of a similar or parallel case or example to reason or argue a point.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(rhetoric)" title="Anaphora (rhetoric)">Anaphora</a></b></i> – a succession of sentences beginning with the same word or group of words.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Anastrophe" title="Anastrophe">Anastrophe</a></b> – inversion of the natural word order.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Anecdote" title="Anecdote">Anecdote</a></b> – a brief narrative describing an interesting or amusing event.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Antanaclasis" title="Antanaclasis">Antanaclasis</a></b></i> – a figure of speech involving a <a href="/wiki/Pun" title="Pun">pun</a>, consisting of the repeated use of the same word, each time with different meanings.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Anticlimax_(rhetoric)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anticlimax (rhetoric)">Anticlimax</a></b> – a bathetic collapse from an elevated subject to a mundane or vulgar one.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Antimetabole" title="Antimetabole">Antimetabole</a></b></i> – repetition of two words or short phrases, but in reversed order to establish a contrast. It is a specialized form of <a href="#C">chiasmus</a>.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Antinomy" title="Antinomy">Antinomy</a></b></i> – two ideas about the same topic that can be worked out to a logical conclusion, but the conclusions contradict each other.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Antiptosis" title="Antiptosis">Antiptosis</a></b></i> – type of <a href="/wiki/Enallage" title="Enallage">enallage</a> in which one <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_case" title="Grammatical case">grammatical case</a> is substituted for another.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Antistrophe" title="Antistrophe">Antistrophe</a></b> – repeating the last word in successive phrases, for example (from <i>Rhetorica ad Herennium</i>), "Since the time when from our state concord disappeared, liberty disappeared, good faith disappeared, friendship disappeared, the common weal disappeared." Also see: <a href="/wiki/Epistrophe" title="Epistrophe">epiphora</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Antithesis" title="Antithesis">Antithesis</a></b> – the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced or parallel words, phrases, or grammatical structures; the second stage of the dialectic process.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Antonomasia" title="Antonomasia">Antonomasia</a></b></i> – the substitution of an epithet for a proper name.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Apophasis" title="Apophasis">Apophasis</a></b></i> – pretending to deny something as a means of implicitly affirming it; as <a href="/wiki/Paralipsis" class="mw-redirect" title="Paralipsis">paralipsis</a>, mentioning something by saying that you will not mention it; the opposite of <a href="/wiki/Occupatio" title="Occupatio">occupatio</a>.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aporia" title="Aporia">Aporia</a></b></i> – a declaration of doubt, made for rhetorical purpose and often feigned.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aposiopesis" title="Aposiopesis">Aposiopesis</a></b></i> – an abrupt stop in the middle of a sentence; used by a speaker to convey unwillingness or inability to complete a thought or statement.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Apostrophe_(figure_of_speech)" title="Apostrophe (figure of speech)">Apostrophe</a></b> – a figure of speech consisting of a sudden turn in a text towards an exclamatory address to an imaginary person or a thing.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Arete_(excellence)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arete (excellence)">Arete</a></b></i> – virtue, excellence of character, qualities that would be inherent in a "natural leader", a component of <i>ethos</i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oral_argument" title="Oral argument">Argument</a></b> – discourse characterized by reasons advanced to support conclusions.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_baculum" title="Argumentum ad baculum">Argumentum ad baculum</a></b></i> – settling a question by appealing to force.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ars_dictaminis" title="Ars dictaminis">Ars dictaminis</a></b></i> – the art of writing letters, introduced and taught during the Medieval rhetorical era.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Assonance" title="Assonance">Assonance</a></b> – words that repeat the same vowel sound.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Asyndeton" title="Asyndeton">Asyndeton</a></b></i> – the deliberate omission of <a href="/wiki/Conjunction_(grammar)" title="Conjunction (grammar)">conjunctions</a> that would normally be used.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Audience" title="Audience">Audience</a></b> – real, imagined, invoked, or ignored, this concept is at the very center of the intersections of composing and rhetoric.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Aureation" title="Aureation">Aureation</a></b> – the use of Latinate and <a href="/wiki/Polysyllabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polysyllabic">polysyllabic</a> terms to "heighten" <a href="/wiki/Diction" title="Diction">diction</a>.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Auxesis_(figure_of_speech)" title="Auxesis (figure of speech)">Auxesis</a></b></i> – to place words or phrases in a certain order for climactic effect.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Axiom" title="Axiom">Axioms</a></b> – the point where scientific reasoning starts; principles that are not questioned.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="B">B</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: B"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Barbarism_(modern_linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbarism (modern linguistics)">Barbarism</a></b> – use of a non-standard word, expression or pronunciation in a language, particularly one prescriptively regarded as an error in morphology.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bathos" title="Bathos">Bathos</a></b></i> – an emotional appeal that inadvertently evokes laughter or ridicule.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belles_lettres" class="mw-redirect" title="Belles lettres">Belles lettres</a></b></i> – written works considered to be of high quality because they are pleasing to the senses.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Brevitas" title="Brevitas">Brevitas</a></b></i> – concise expression.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Philosophic_burden_of_proof" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophic burden of proof">Burden of proof</a></b> – theory of argument giving the obligation of proving a case to the asserting party.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Buzzword" title="Buzzword">Buzzword</a></b> – a word or phrase used to impress, or one that is fashionable.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="C">C</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: C"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Five_Canons_of_Rhetoric" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Canons of Rhetoric">Canon</a></b> – a term often used to discuss significant literary works in a specific field, used by Cicero to outline five significant parts of the rhetorical composition process.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Captatio_benevolentiae" title="Captatio benevolentiae">Captatio benevolentiae</a></b></i> – any literary or oral device that seeks to secure the goodwill of the recipient or hearer, as in a letter or in a discussion.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Catachresis" title="Catachresis">Catachresis</a></b></i> – the inexact use of a similar word in place of the proper one to create an unlikely metaphor; for example (from <i>Rhetorica ad Herennium</i>), "The power of man is short" or "the long wisdom in the man".</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Charisma" title="Charisma">Charisma</a></b> – an attribute that allows a speaker's words to become powerful.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Chiasmus" title="Chiasmus">Chiasmus</a></b></i> – a figure of speech consisting of the contrasting of two structurally parallel syntactic phrases arranged "cross-wise", i.e., in such a way that the second is in reverse order from the first.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Chreia" title="Chreia">Chreia</a></b></i> – an anecdote (a deed, a saying, a situation) involving a well-known figure.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Circumlocution" title="Circumlocution">Circumlocution</a></b> – use of many words where a few would do.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">Classicism</a></b> – a revival in the interest of classical antiquity languages and texts.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Climax_(figure_of_speech)" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax (figure of speech)">Climax</a></b> – an arrangement of phrases or topics in increasing order, as with <i>good, better, best</i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Colon_(rhetoric)" title="Colon (rhetoric)">Colon</a></b> – a rhetorical figure consisting of a clause that is grammatically, but not logically, complete.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Colloquialism" title="Colloquialism">Colloquialism</a></b> – a word or phrase that is not formal or literary, typically one used in ordinary or familiar conversation.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Common_Topics" title="The Common Topics">Common topics</a></b> – arguments and approaches useful in rhetorical settings.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Consubstantiality" title="Consubstantiality">Consubstantiality</a></b> – substance commonality.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Contingency_(philosophy)#Relativism_in_rhetoric" title="Contingency (philosophy)">Contingency</a></b> – the contextual circumstances that do not allow an issue to be settled with complete certainty.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Context_(language_use)" class="mw-redirect" title="Context (language use)">Context</a></b> – the circumstances surrounding an issue that should be considered during its discussion.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="D">D</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: D"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Deconstruction" title="Deconstruction">Deconstruction</a></b> – analyzing communication artifacts by scrutinizing their meaning and related assumptions, with the goal of determining the social and systemic connotations behind their structure.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Decorum" title="Decorum">Decorum</a></b></i> – the appropriateness of style to subject, often divided into the <a href="/wiki/Grand_style_(rhetoric)" title="Grand style (rhetoric)">grand style</a>, the middle style, and the low style.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Deductive_reasoning" title="Deductive reasoning">Deduction</a></b> – moving from an overall hypothesis to infer something specific about that hypothesis.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Delectare" class="mw-redirect" title="Delectare">Delectare</a></b></i> – to delight; viewed by Cicero as one of the three duties of an orator.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dialectic" title="Dialectic">Dialectic</a></b> – a term that has been defined differently by <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Ramus" title="Petrus Ramus">Petrus Ramus</a>, among others; generally, it means using verbal communication to come to an agreement on a topic.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dispositio" title="Dispositio">Dispositio</a></b></i> – the stage of planning the structure and sequence of ideas; often referred to as arrangement, the second of Cicero's five rhetorical canons.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dissoi_logoi" title="Dissoi logoi">Dissoi logoi</a></b></i> – contradictory arguments.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Docere" class="mw-redirect" title="Docere">Docere</a></b></i> – to teach; viewed by Cicero as one of the three duties of an orator.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Doxa" title="Doxa">Doxa</a></b> – a common belief or popular opinion, usually contrasted with <i><a href="/wiki/Episteme" title="Episteme">episteme</a></i> ('knowledge').</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dramatism" title="Dramatism">Dramatism</a></b> – a theory developed by <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Burke" title="Kenneth Burke">Kenneth Burke</a>, according to which the world is a stage where all the people present are actors; the <a href="/wiki/Dramatistic_pentad" title="Dramatistic pentad">dramatistic pentad</a> centers around five concepts: act, scene, agent, agency, and purpose.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dysphemism" title="Dysphemism">Dysphemism</a></b> – a term with negative associations for something in reality fairly innocuous or inoffensive.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="E">E</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: E"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ecphonesis" title="Ecphonesis">Ecphonesis</a></b></i> – a sentence consisting of a single word or short phrase ending with an <a href="/wiki/Exclamation_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclamation point">exclamation point</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Eloquence" title="Eloquence">Eloquence</a></b> – fluent, elegant, persuasive, and forceful speech, persuading an audience.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ellipse_(figure_of_speech)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellipse (figure of speech)">Ellipse</a></b> – the suppression of ancillary words to render an expression more lively or more forceful.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Elocutio" title="Elocutio">Elocutio</a></b></i> – the stage of elaborating the wording of a text, using correct grammar and diction.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Enallage" title="Enallage">Enallage</a></b> – the switching of grammatical forms for an expressive purpose.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Enthymeme" title="Enthymeme">Enthymeme</a></b> – a type of argument that is grounded in assumed commonalities between a rhetor and the audience. (For example: Claim 1: Bob is a person. Therefore, Claim 3: Bob is mortal. The assumption (unstated Claim 2) is that People are mortal). In Aristotelian rhetoric, an enthymeme is known as a "rhetorical syllogism": it mirrors the form of a syllogism, but it is based on opinion rather than fact.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Epanalepsis" class="mw-redirect" title="Epanalepsis">Epanalepsis</a></b></i> – a figure of speech in which the same word or phrase appears both at the beginning and at the end of a clause.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Epideictic" title="Epideictic">Epideictic</a></b> – ceremonial rhetoric, such as might be found in a funeral or victory speech.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Epistemology" title="Epistemology">Epistemology</a></b> – philosophical study directed at understanding how people gain knowledge.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Epistrophe" title="Epistrophe">Epistrophe</a></b> – a succession of clauses, phrases or sentences that all end with the same word or group of words.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">Epithet</a></b> – a term used as a descriptive and qualifying substitute for the name of a person, place or thing.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Epizeuxis" title="Epizeuxis">Epizeuxis</a></b></i> – emphasizing an idea by repeating a single word.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Eristic" title="Eristic">Eristic</a></b> – communicating with the aim of winning the argument regardless of truth.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Erotema" class="mw-redirect" title="Erotema">Erotema</a></b></i> – rhetorical question; a question is asked to which an answer is not expected.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ethos" title="Ethos">Ethos</a></b></i> – a rhetorical appeal to an audience based on the speaker/writer's credibility.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ethopoeia" title="Ethopoeia">Ethopoeia</a></b></i> – the act of putting oneself into the character of another to convey that person's feelings and thoughts more vividly.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Eulogy" title="Eulogy">Eulogy</a></b> – a speech or writing in praise of a person, especially one who recently died or retired.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Euphemism" title="Euphemism">Euphemism</a></b> – an innocuous, inoffensive or circumlocutory term or phrase for something unpleasant or obscene—e.g., in advertising for female hygiene products any liquid shown is never red, it's usually blue.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Exemplum" title="Exemplum">Exemplum</a></b></i> – the citation of an example, either truthful or fictitious.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Exordium_(rhetoric)" class="mw-redirect" title="Exordium (rhetoric)">Exordium</a></b></i> – the introductory portion of an <a href="/wiki/Oration" class="mw-redirect" title="Oration">oration</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="F">F</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: F"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Fable" title="Fable">Fable</a></b> – a short allegorical story.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Facilitas" title="Facilitas">Facilitas</a></b></i> – the improvising of effective oral or written language to suit any situation.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Feminist_rhetoric" title="Feminist rhetoric">Feminist rhetoric</a></b> – rhetorical theory concerned with <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminism</a> and its critique of social structures.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Figura_etymologica" title="Figura etymologica">Figura etymologica</a></b></i> – repetition of two etymologically related terms.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Forensic_rhetoric" title="Forensic rhetoric">Forensic rhetoric</a></b> – speaking in a courtroom.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="G">G</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: G"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Glossophobia" title="Glossophobia">Glossophobia</a></b> – the fear of public speaking, commonly referred to as speech anxiety in non-psychiatric contexts.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Grand_style_(rhetoric)" title="Grand style (rhetoric)">Grand style</a></b> – a style of rhetoric, notable for its use of figurative language and for its ability to evoke emotion.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="H">H</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: H"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hendiadys" title="Hendiadys">Hendiadys</a></b></i> – using two nouns linked by a conjunction to express a single complex idea.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hermeneutics" title="Hermeneutics">Hermeneutics</a></b> – the theoretical underpinnings of interpreting texts, usually religious or literary.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Heteroglossia" title="Heteroglossia">Heteroglossia</a></b></i> – the use of a variety of voices or styles within one literary work or context.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Homeoteleuton" title="Homeoteleuton">Homeoteleuton</a></b></i> – a figure of speech where adjacent or parallel words have similar endings inside a verse, a sentence. Authors often use it to evoke music or to give a rhythm to their phrase.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Homiletics" title="Homiletics">Homiletics</a></b> – the application of the general principles of rhetoric to the specific art of public preaching.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Humblebrag" class="mw-redirect" title="Humblebrag">Humblebrag</a></b> – a statement that purports to be modest while delivering a boast.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hypallage" title="Hypallage">Hypallage</a></b> – a <a href="/wiki/Literary_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary device">literary device</a> that reverses the syntactic relation of two words (as in "her beauty's face").</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hyperbaton" title="Hyperbaton">Hyperbaton</a></b> – a <a href="/wiki/Figure_of_speech" title="Figure of speech">figure of speech</a> in which words that naturally belong together are separated from each other for emphasis or effect.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hyperbole" title="Hyperbole">Hyperbole</a></b> – a figure of speech where emphasis is achieved through exaggeration, independently or through comparison; for example (from <i>Rhetorica ad Herennium</i>), "His body was as white as snow, his face burned like fire."</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hypophora" title="Hypophora">Hypophora</a></b></i> – when a speaker asks aloud what his/her adversaries have to say for themselves or against the speaker, and then proceeds to answer the question. For example (from <i>Rhetorica ad Herennium</i>), "When he reminded you of your old friendship, were you moved? No, you killed him nevertheless, and with even greater eagerness. And then when his children grovelled at your feet, were you moved to pity? No, in your extreme cruelty you even prevented their father's burial."</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hypsos" title="Hypsos">Hypsos</a></b></i> – great or worthy writing, sometimes called <a href="/wiki/Sublime_(philosophy)" title="Sublime (philosophy)">sublime</a>; Longinus's theme in <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Sublime" title="On the Sublime">On the Sublime</a></i>.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hysteron_proteron" title="Hysteron proteron">Hysteron proteron</a></b></i> – a rhetorical device in which the first key word of the idea refers to something that happens temporally later than the second key word; the goal is to call attention to the more important idea by placing it first.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I">I</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">Ideology</a></b> – a way of understanding one's external surroundings.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ignoratio_elenchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignoratio elenchi">Ignoratio elenchi</a></b></i> – a conclusion that is irrelevant.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Imitatio" class="mw-redirect" title="Imitatio">Imitatio</a></b></i> – the practice of emulating, adapting, reworking and enriching a source text by an earlier author.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Institutio_Oratoria" title="Institutio Oratoria">Institutio Oratoria</a></b></i> – educational and rhetorical principles as described and prescribed in a treatise by <a href="/wiki/Quintillian" class="mw-redirect" title="Quintillian">Quintillian</a>.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Inventio" title="Inventio">Inventio</a></b></i> – described by Cicero as the process of determining "valid or seemingly valid arguments," the first of his five rhetorical canons.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Invitational_rhetoric" title="Invitational rhetoric">Invitational rhetoric</a></b> – rhetoric involving "an invitation to understanding as a means to create a relationship rooted in quality, immanent value, and self-determination" (Foss and Griffin, 1995); it emphasizes the relationship between the speaker and freedoms of the audience to make decisions for themselves in order to promote equality.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ioci" title="Ioci">Ioci</a></b></i> – humor; see Cicero's <i><a href="/wiki/De_Oratore" title="De Oratore">De Oratore</a></i> and his theory of humor.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">Irony</a></b> – a deliberate contrast between indirect and direct meaning to draw attention to the opposite.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Isocolon" title="Isocolon">Isocolon</a></b> – a string of phrases of corresponding structure and equal length.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="J">J</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: J"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jargon" title="Jargon">Jargon</a></b> – highly technical language used by specific group.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="K">K</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: K"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kairos" title="Kairos">Kairos</a></b></i> – "timing" or "the right circumstances".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="L">L</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: L"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Litotes" title="Litotes">Litotes</a></b> – stating a positive by negating the negative; a form of understatement as in "I am not unaware of your difficulties."</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fallacy" title="Fallacy">Logical fallacy</a></b> – misconceptions resulting from faulty reasoning.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">Logos</a></b></i> – rhetorical appeals based on logic or reasoning.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Logology_(theology)" title="Logology (theology)">Logology</a></b> – Study of the specific theological terms used, not to find the truth or falseness of the statement, but why that particular word was chosen. (<a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Burke" title="Kenneth Burke">Kenneth Burke</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="M">M</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: M"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Material_fallacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Material fallacy">Material fallacy</a></b> – false notion concerning the subject matter of an argument.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maxim_(saying)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxim (saying)">Maxim</a></b> – "A saying drawn from life, which shows concisely either what happens or ought to happen in life, for example: 'Every beginning is difficult.'" (<i>Rhetorica ad Herennium</i>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Meiosis_(figure_of_speech)" title="Meiosis (figure of speech)">Meiosis</a></b></i> – a <a href="/wiki/Euphemism" title="Euphemism">euphemistic</a> figure of speech that intentionally understates something or implies that it is lesser in significance or size than it really is.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Memoria" title="Memoria">Memoria</a></b></i> – described by Cicero as the "firm mental grasp of matter and words," the fourth of his five rhetorical canons.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mesodiplosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesodiplosis">Mesodiplosis</a></b></i> – the repetition of a word or group of words in the middle of successive clauses.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">Metaphor</a></b> – a figure of speech where a word that normally applies to one thing is used to designate another for the sake of creating a mental picture, for example, "he lightly breathed a favoring breath". (from <i>Rhetorica ad Herennium</i>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">Metonymy</a></b> – a figure of speech that substitutes one word or phrase for another with which it is closely associated. For example, in UK, people speak of "<i>Crown</i> property" meaning property belonging to the State. Similarly: "The <i>White House</i> had no comment to make."</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minor_premise" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor premise">Minor premise</a></b> – statement in an argument.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moral_reasoning" title="Moral reasoning">Moral reasoning</a></b> – reasoning employed in rhetoric that determines a conclusion based on evidence; used in issues of ethics, religion, economics, and politics.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/De_Oratore" title="De Oratore">Movere</a></b></i> – to persuade; viewed by Cicero as one of the three duties of an orator.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="N">N</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: N"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Narration" title="Narration">Narration</a></b> – story telling, involving the elements of time, place, actor, action, cause and manner.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Noema#Other_uses" title="Noema">Noema</a></b></i> – speech that is deliberately subtle or obscure.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Non_sequitur_(logic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Non sequitur (logic)">Non sequitur</a></b></i> – a statement bearing no relationship to the preceding context.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="O">O</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: O"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Onomatopoeia" title="Onomatopoeia">Onomatopoeia</a></b> – words that imitate the sounds, objects, or actions they refer to, for example "buzz", "hullabaloo", "bling".</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Opening_statement" title="Opening statement">Opening statement</a></b> – first part of discourse; should gain audiences' attention.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Orator" title="Orator">Orator</a></b> – a public speaker, especially one who is eloquent or skilled.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oxymoron" title="Oxymoron">Oxymoron</a></b> – opposed or markedly contradictory terms joined for emphasis.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="P">P</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: P"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Panegyric" title="Panegyric">Panegyric</a></b> – a formal public speech, delivered in high praise of a person or thing.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Paradeigma" title="Paradeigma">Paradeigma</a></b></i> – argument created by a list of examples that leads to a probable generalized idea.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Paradiastole" title="Paradiastole">Paradiastole</a></b></i> – redescription, usually in a better light.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paradox_(literature)" title="Paradox (literature)">Paradox</a></b> – an apparently absurd or self-contradictory statement or proposition.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Paralipsis" class="mw-redirect" title="Paralipsis">Paralipsis</a></b></i> – a form of <a href="/wiki/Apophasis" title="Apophasis">apophasis</a> when a rhetor introduces a subject by denying it should be discussed. To speak of someone or something by claiming not to.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Parallelism_(rhetoric)" title="Parallelism (rhetoric)">Parallelism</a></b> – the correspondence, in sense or construction, of successive clauses or passages.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Parallel_syntax" title="Parallel syntax">Parallel syntax</a></b> – repetition of similar sentence structures.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Paraprosdokian" title="Paraprosdokian">Paraprosdokian</a></b></i> – a sentence in which the latter half takes an unexpected turn.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Parataxis" title="Parataxis">Parataxis</a></b> – using juxtaposition of short, simple sentences to connect ideas, as opposed to explicit conjunction.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Parenthesis_(rhetoric)" title="Parenthesis (rhetoric)">Parenthesis</a></b> – an explanatory or qualifying word, clause, or sentence inserted into a passage that is not essential to the literal meaning.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Parody" title="Parody">Parody</a></b> – comic imitation of something or somebody.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pun" title="Pun">Paronomasia</a></b></i> – a pun, a play on words, often for humorous effect.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pathos" title="Pathos">Pathos</a></b></i> – the emotional appeal to an audience in an argument; one of Aristotle's three proofs.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Periphrasis" title="Periphrasis">Periphrasis</a></b></i> – the substitution of many or several words where one would suffice; usually to avoid using that particular word.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Personification" title="Personification">Personification</a></b> – a figure of speech that gives human characteristics to inanimate objects, or represents an absent person as being present. For example, "But if this invincible city should now give utterance to her voice, would she not speak as follows?" (<i>Rhetorica ad Herennium</i>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Petitio" class="mw-redirect" title="Petitio">Petitio</a></b></i> – in a letter, an announcement, demand, or request.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Philippic" title="Philippic">Philippic</a></b> – a fiery, damning speech, delivered to condemn a particular political actor; the term is derived from <a href="/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes">Demosthenes</a>'s speeches in 351 BC denouncing the imperialist ambitions of <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip of Macedon">Philip of Macedon</a>, which later came to be known as <i>The Philippics</i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Phronesis" title="Phronesis">Phronesis</a></b> – practical wisdom; common sense.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pistis" title="Pistis">Pistis</a></b></i> – the elements to induce true judgment through <a href="/wiki/Enthymeme" title="Enthymeme">enthymemes</a>, hence to give proof of a statement.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pleonasm" title="Pleonasm">Pleonasm</a></b> – the use of more words than necessary to express an idea.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Polyptoton" title="Polyptoton">Polyptoton</a></b></i> – the repetition of a word or <a href="/wiki/Root_(linguistics)" title="Root (linguistics)">root</a> in different cases or <a href="/wiki/Inflection" title="Inflection">inflections</a> within the same sentence.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Polysemy" title="Polysemy">Polysemy</a></b> – the capacity of a word or phrase to render more than one meaning.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Polysyndeton" title="Polysyndeton">Polysyndeton</a></b> – the repeated use of conjunctions within a sentence, particularly where they do not necessarily have to be used.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a></b> – a field of inquiry concerned with the ideological underpinnings of commonly held assumptions.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pragmatism" title="Pragmatism">Pragmatism</a></b> – approach based on practical consideration and immediate perception to the exclusion of moral (in the sense of 'should') and ethic arguments.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Praise_sandwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Praise sandwich">Praise sandwich</a></b> – delivering criticism together with praise.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Priamel" title="Priamel">Priamel</a></b> – a series of compared alternatives which serve as foils to the true subject of a poem.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Procatalepsis" title="Procatalepsis">Procatalepsis</a></b></i> – in argumentation, the speaker answers the opponent's possible objections before they can be made.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Progymnasmata" title="Progymnasmata">Progymnasmata</a></b></i> – a series of preliminary rhetorical exercises that began in ancient Greece and continued during the Roman Empire.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Prosopopoeia" title="Prosopopoeia">Prosopopoeia</a></b></i> – speaking as another person or object.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pronuntiatio" title="Pronuntiatio">Pronuntiatio</a></b></i> – the delivery of an oration or an argument in a manner befitting the subject matter and style, while maintaining control of voice and body.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Protreptic" class="mw-redirect" title="Protreptic">Protreptic</a></b> – the potential to persuade through language.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Q">Q</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Q"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Quadrivium" title="Quadrivium">Quadrivium</a></b></i> – the major subjects taught in medieval times: geometry, arithmetic, astronomy, and music.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="R">R</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: R"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Repetition_(rhetorical_device)" title="Repetition (rhetorical device)">Repetition</a></b> – the repeating of a word for emphasis.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rhetor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhetor">Rhetor</a></b> – a person who is in the course of presenting or preparing rhetorical discourse.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">Rhetoric</a></b> – the study and practice of good effective expression; also a type of discourse, focusing on goals of the speech or piece of writing that attempts to sway the mind of the audience.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rhetorical_criticism" title="Rhetorical criticism">Rhetorical criticism</a></b> – analysis of the symbolic artifacts of discourse—the words, phrases, images, gestures, performances, texts, films, etc. that people use to communicate; there are <a href="/wiki/Rhetoric#Methods_of_analysis" title="Rhetoric">many different forms</a> of rhetorical criticism.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rhetorical_question" title="Rhetorical question">Rhetorical question</a></b> – a question asked to make a point instead of to elicit a direct answer.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rhetorical_situation" title="Rhetorical situation">Rhetorical situation</a></b> – a term made popular by <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bitzer" title="Lloyd Bitzer">Lloyd Bitzer</a>; it describes the scenario that contains a speech act, including the considerations (purpose, audience, author/speaker, constraints to name a few) that play a role in how the act is produced and perceived by its audience; the counterargument regarding Bitzer's situation-rhetoric relationship was made by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Vatz" title="Richard Vatz">Richard Vatz</a>, who argued for a salience-meaning (or now, agenda-framing-spin) model of persuasion, which emphasized rhetoric as a creative act with increased agent or persuader responsibility for the situation his or her rhetoric creates.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="S">S</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: S"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Salon_(gathering)" title="Salon (gathering)">Salon</a></b> – intellectual assembly in an aristocratic setting; primarily associated with France in the 17th and 18th centuries.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></b> – rhetorical study of Christianity that was intellectually prominent in 11th–15th-century Western Europe, emphasizing rhetorical concepts by <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> and a search for universal truth.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Scientism" title="Scientism">Scientism</a></b> – applying scientific assumptions to subjects that are not completely natural. (<a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver" title="Richard M. Weaver">Richard M. Weaver</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Second_Sophistic" title="Second Sophistic">Second Sophistic</a></b> – rhetorical era in Rome that dealt primarily with rhetorical style through some of the Greek Sophists' concepts, while neglecting its political and social uses because of censorship.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Semantics" title="Semantics">Semantics</a></b> – philosophical study of language that deals with its connection to perceptions of reality.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Semiotics" title="Semiotics">Semiotics</a></b> – branch of semantics concerning language and communication as a system of symbols.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sensus_communis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensus communis">Sensus communis</a></b></i> – a society's basic beliefs and values.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sententia" title="Sententia">Sententia</a></b></i> – applying a general truth to a situation by quoting a maxim or other wise saying as a conclusion or summary of that situation.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Simile" title="Simile">Simile</a></b> – a figure of speech that compares unlike things, implying a resemblance between them, for example, "He entered the combat in body like the strongest bull, in impetuosity like the fiercest lion." (<i>Rhetorica ad Herennium</i>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Solecism" title="Solecism">Solecism</a></b> – ignorantly misusing tenses, cases, and genders.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sophists" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophists">Sophists</a></b> – considered the first professional teachers of oratory and rhetoric (ancient Greece 4th century BC).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Spin_(propaganda)" title="Spin (propaganda)">Spin</a></b> – the act of competing to infuse meaning into agenda items for chosen audiences.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Spoonerism" title="Spoonerism">Spoonerism</a></b> – the deliberate or involuntary switching of sounds or morphemes between two words of a phrase, rendering a new meaning.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sprezzatura" title="Sprezzatura">Sprezzatura</a></b></i> – the ability to appear that there is seemingly little effort used to attain success; the art of being able to show that one is able to deceive. (<a href="/wiki/Baldessare_Castiglione" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldessare Castiglione">Baldessare Castiglione</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Straw_man" title="Straw man">Straw man</a></b> – an argument that is a logical fallacy based on misrepresentation of an opponent's position.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Studia_humanitatis" class="mw-redirect" title="Studia humanitatis">Studia humanitatis</a></b></i> – humanistic studies deemed indispensable in Renaissance-era education; rhetoric, poetics, ethics, politics.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Syllogism" title="Syllogism">Syllogism</a></b> – a type of <a href="/wiki/Validity_(logic)" title="Validity (logic)">valid</a> argument that states if the first two claims are true, then the conclusion is true. (For example: Claim 1: People are mortal. Claim 2: Bob is a person. Therefore, Claim 3: Bob is mortal.) Coined by <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">Symbol</a></b> – a visual or metaphorical representation of an idea or concept.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Symploce" title="Symploce">Symploce</a></b> – a figure of speech in which several successive clauses have the same first and last words.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Synchysis" title="Synchysis">Synchysis</a></b></i> – word order confusion within a sentence.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Synecdoche" title="Synecdoche">Synecdoche</a></b> – a rhetorical device where one part of an object is used to represent the whole—e.g., "There are fifty <i>head</i> of cattle." or "Show a <i>leg</i>!" (naval command to get out of bed = show yourself)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="T">T</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: T"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Taste" title="Taste">Taste</a></b> – a learned admiration for things of beauty.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tautology_(rhetoric)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tautology (rhetoric)">Tautology</a></b> – the same idea repeated in different words.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Techne" title="Techne">Techne</a></b></i> – a true art.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Technobabble" title="Technobabble">Technobabble</a></b> – use of technical terms or jargon to try to win a point by confusing the opposition or by attempting to intimidate by suppressing admission of ignorance by the opposition.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Terministic_screens" class="mw-redirect" title="Terministic screens">Terministic screens</a></b> – a term coined by <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Burke" title="Kenneth Burke">Kenneth Burke</a> to explain the way in which the world is viewed when taking languages and words into consideration.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tmesis" title="Tmesis">Tmesis</a></b> – separating the parts of a compound word by a different word (or words) to create emphasis or other similar effects.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Literary_topos" title="Literary topos">Topos</a></b></i> – a line or specific type of argument.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Toulmin_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Toulmin model">Toulmin model</a></b> – a method of diagramming arguments created by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Toulmin" title="Stephen Toulmin">Stephen Toulmin</a> that identifies such components as backing, claim, data, qualifier, rebuttal, and warrant.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tricolon" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricolon">Tricolon</a></b> – the pattern of three phrases in parallel, found commonly in Western writing after Cicero—for example, the kitten had white fur, blue eyes, and a pink tongue.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trivium_(education)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trivium (education)">Trivium</a></b></i> – grammar, rhetoric, and logic taught in schools during the medieval period.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Trope_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trope (linguistics)">Tropes</a></b> – a figure of speech that uses a word aside from its literal meaning.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U">U</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: U"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Understatement" title="Understatement">Understatement</a></b> – a form of irony, sometimes in the form of <a href="/wiki/Litotes" title="Litotes">litotes</a>, in which something is represented as less than it really is, with the intent of drawing attention to and emphasizing the opposite meaning.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Audience#Universal" title="Audience">Universal audience</a></b> – an audience consisting of all humankind.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Utterance" title="Utterance">Utterance</a></b> – statement that could contain meaning about one's own person.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="V">V</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: V"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Validity_(logic)" title="Validity (logic)">Validity</a></b> – apprehension over the structure of an argument.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Quintilian#Placement_of_Quintilian's_rhetoric" title="Quintilian">Vir bonus dicendi peritus</a></b></i> – the good man skilled at speaking well.</li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Visual_rhetoric" title="Visual rhetoric">Visual rhetoric</a></b> – a theoretical framework describing how visual images, typography, and texts communicate, as opposed to aural or verbal messages.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Z">Z</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Z"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zeugma_and_syllepsis" title="Zeugma and syllepsis">Zeugma</a></b></i> – a figure of speech in which one word applies to two others in different senses of that word, and in some cases only logically applies to one of the other two words.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZimmer2012" class="citation web cs1">Zimmer, John (28 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mannerofspeaking.org/2012/03/28/rhetorical-devices-erotema/">"Rhetorical Devices: Erotema"</a>. <i>Manner Of Speaking</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Manner+Of+Speaking&rft.atitle=Rhetorical+Devices%3A+Erotema&rft.date=2012-03-28&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmannerofspeaking.org%2F2012%2F03%2F28%2Frhetorical-devices-erotema%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+rhetorical+terms" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"oxymoron, <i>n.</i>", <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>, Oxford: Oxford University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=oxymoron%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+rhetorical+terms" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDr._Debora_B._Schwartz" class="citation web cs1">Dr. Debora B. Schwartz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150308200009/http://cla.calpoly.edu/~dschwart/engl331/figurative.html">"Figurative Language and Rhetorical Devices [Overview]"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cla.calpoly.edu/~dschwart/engl331/figurative.html">the original</a> on 2015-03-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Figurative+Language+and+Rhetorical+Devices+%5BOverview%5D&rft.au=Dr.+Debora+B.+Schwartz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcla.calpoly.edu%2F~dschwart%2Fengl331%2Ffigurative.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+rhetorical+terms" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_A._Harris2013" class="citation web cs1">Robert A. Harris (January 19, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virtualsalt.com/rhetoric.htm">"A Handbook of Rhetorical Devices"</a>. <i>VirtualSalt</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VirtualSalt&rft.atitle=A+Handbook+of+Rhetorical+Devices&rft.date=2013-01-19&rft.au=Robert+A.+Harris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.virtualsalt.com%2Frhetoric.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+rhetorical+terms" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGideon_O._Burton" class="citation web cs1">Gideon O. Burton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rhetoric.byu.edu/Sources/Recommended%20Reading.htm">"Recommended Readings in Rhetoric"</a>. <i>The Forest of Rhetoric / silva rhetoricae</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Forest+of+Rhetoric+%2F+silva+rhetoricae&rft.atitle=Recommended+Readings+in+Rhetoric&rft.au=Gideon+O.+Burton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frhetoric.byu.edu%2FSources%2FRecommended%2520Reading.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGlossary+of+rhetorical+terms" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Figures_of_speech" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Figures_of_speech" title="Template:Figures of speech"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Figures_of_speech" title="Template talk:Figures of speech"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Figures_of_speech" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Figures of speech"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Figures_of_speech" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Figure_of_speech" title="Figure of speech">Figures of speech</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scheme_(rhetoric)" title="Scheme (rhetoric)">Schemes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliteration" title="Alliteration">Alliteration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anadiplosis" title="Anadiplosis">Anadiplosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(rhetoric)" title="Anaphora (rhetoric)">Anaphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimetabole" title="Antimetabole">Antimetabole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antithesis" title="Antithesis">Antithesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aposiopesis" title="Aposiopesis">Aposiopesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assonance" title="Assonance">Assonance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asyndeton" title="Asyndeton">Asyndeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiasmus" title="Chiasmus">Chiasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climax_(rhetoric)" title="Climax (rhetoric)">Climax</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climax_(rhetoric)#Anticlimax" title="Climax (rhetoric)">Anti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_consonance" title="Literary consonance">Consonance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epanalepsis" class="mw-redirect" title="Epanalepsis">Epanalepsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphrase" title="Epiphrase">Epiphrase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistrophe" title="Epistrophe">Epistrophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epizeuxis" title="Epizeuxis">Epizeuxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendiadys" title="Hendiadys">Hendiadys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeoteleuton" title="Homeoteleuton">Homeoteleuton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypallage" title="Hypallage">Hypallage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbaton" title="Hyperbaton">Hyperbaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hysteron_proteron" title="Hysteron proteron">Hysteron proteron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isocolon" title="Isocolon">Isocolon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallelism_(rhetoric)" title="Parallelism (rhetoric)">Parallelism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyptoton" title="Polyptoton">Polyptoton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polysyndeton" title="Polysyndeton">Polysyndeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoonerism" title="Spoonerism">Spoonerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symploce" title="Symploce">Symploce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tmesis" title="Tmesis">Tmesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeugma_and_syllepsis" title="Zeugma and syllepsis">Zeugma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trope_(literature)" title="Trope (literature)">Tropes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">Allegory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allusion" title="Allusion">Allusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiphrasis" title="Antiphrasis">Antiphrasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonomasia" title="Antonomasia">Antonomasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphorism" title="Aphorism">Aphorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostrophe_(figure_of_speech)" title="Apostrophe (figure of speech)">Apostrophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catachresis" title="Catachresis">Catachresis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecphonesis" title="Ecphonesis">Ecphonesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekphrasis" title="Ekphrasis">Ekphrasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epanorthosis" title="Epanorthosis">Epanorthosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbole" title="Hyperbole">Hyperbole</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adynaton" title="Adynaton">Adynaton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysphemism" title="Dysphemism">Dysphemism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemism" title="Euphemism">Euphemism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meiosis_(figure_of_speech)" title="Meiosis (figure of speech)">Meiosis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innuendo" title="Innuendo">Innuendo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">Irony</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apophasis" title="Apophasis">Apophasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcasm" title="Sarcasm">Sarcasm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litotes" title="Litotes">Litotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">Metaphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">Metonymy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxymoron" title="Oxymoron">Oxymoron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personification" title="Personification">Personification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleonasm" title="Pleonasm">Pleonasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procatalepsis" title="Procatalepsis">Procatalepsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pun" title="Pun">Pun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antanaclasis" title="Antanaclasis">Antanaclasis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetorical_question" title="Rhetorical question">Rhetorical question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simile" title="Simile">Simile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synecdoche" title="Synecdoche">Synecdoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tautology_(language)" title="Tautology (language)">Tautology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&oldid=1247084147">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&oldid=1247084147</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_glossaries" title="Category:Wikipedia glossaries">Wikipedia glossaries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rhetoric" title="Category:Rhetoric">Rhetoric</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rhetorical_techniques" title="Category:Rhetorical techniques">Rhetorical techniques</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_glossaries_using_unordered_lists" title="Category:Wikipedia glossaries using unordered lists">Wikipedia glossaries using unordered lists</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 September 2024, at 18:47<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-ps8jv","wgBackendResponseTime":135,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.350","walltime":"0.435","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1394,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":47503,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":624,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":34036,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 314.497 1 -total"," 31.90% 100.338 1 Template:Rhetoric"," 30.65% 96.378 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 28.62% 90.022 1 Template:Reflist"," 27.10% 85.230 4 Template:Cite_web"," 19.59% 61.625 1 Template:Short_description"," 11.61% 36.500 1 Template:Figures_of_speech"," 11.16% 35.112 2 Template:Pagetype"," 10.95% 34.441 1 Template:Navbox"," 4.54% 14.279 3 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.196","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4079425,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-ppdsc","timestamp":"20241122141927","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Glossary of rhetorical terms","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17017605","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17017605","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-01-23T20:44:19Z","dateModified":"2024-09-22T18:47:08Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/81\/Cicero_Denounces_Catiline_in_the_Roman_Senate_by_Cesare_Maccari_-_3.jpg","headline":"Wikimedia list article"}</script> </body> </html>