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Library and Archives</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1)" title="دار الكتب والوثائق القومية (مصر) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دار الكتب والوثائق القومية (مصر)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misir_Milli_Kitabxanas%C4%B1_v%C9%99_Arxivl%C9%99ri" title="Misir Milli Kitabxanası və Arxivləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Misir Milli Kitabxanası və Arxivləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Египетска национална библиотека и архиви – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Египетска национална библиотека и архиви" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_d%27Egipte" title="Biblioteca Nacional d'Egipte – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Biblioteca Nacional d'Egipte" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84gyptische_Nationalbibliothek" title="Ägyptische Nationalbibliothek – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ägyptische Nationalbibliothek" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BA%CE%B7_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%B3%CF%8D%CF%80%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Εθνική Βιβλιοθήκη και Αρχεία της Αιγύπτου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εθνική Βιβλιοθήκη και Αρχεία της Αιγύπτου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_y_Archivos_de_Egipto" title="Biblioteca Nacional y Archivos de Egipto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biblioteca Nacional y Archivos de Egipto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacia_biblioteko_kaj_nacia_arkivo_de_Egiptio" title="Nacia biblioteko kaj nacia arkivo de Egiptio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nacia biblioteko kaj nacia arkivo de Egiptio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1" title="کتابخانه و اسناد ملی مصر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کتابخانه و اسناد ملی مصر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A2r_Al-Kutub" title="Dâr Al-Kutub – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dâr Al-Kutub" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%81r_al-kutub" title="Dār al-kutub – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dār al-kutub" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="הספרייה הלאומית והארכיון הלאומי של מצרים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הספרייה הלאומית והארכיון הלאומי של מצרים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87" title="دار الكتب و الوثائق القوميه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دار الكتب و الوثائق القوميه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_i_Archiwum_Egiptu" title="Biblioteka Narodowa i Archiwum Egiptu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biblioteka Narodowa i Archiwum Egiptu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Национальная библиотека и архив Египта – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Национальная библиотека и архив Египта" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_National_Library_and_Archives" title="Egyptian National Library and Archives – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Egyptian National Library and Archives" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptin_kansalliskirjasto_ja_-arkisto" title="Egyptin kansalliskirjasto ja -arkisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Egyptin kansalliskirjasto ja -arkisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%81_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82" title="مصری قومی کتب خانہ اور وثائق – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مصری قومی کتب خانہ اور وثائق" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E5%92%8C%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="埃及国家图书馆和档案馆 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃及国家图书馆和档案馆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2778411#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Egypt&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Egypt">National Library of Egypt</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">National library in Cairo, Egypt</div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ededed;">Egyptian National Library and Archives<br />دار الكتب والوثائق القومية</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Library_Egypt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/National_Library_Egypt.jpg/220px-National_Library_Egypt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/National_Library_Egypt.jpg/330px-National_Library_Egypt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/National_Library_Egypt.jpg/440px-National_Library_Egypt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="917" data-file-height="917" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="14" data-overlays="["_859ee7ea04fa072fd90a41270d5e41fc3239506f"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,14,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Egyptian_National_Library_and_Archives&revid=1256361626&groups=_859ee7ea04fa072fd90a41270d5e41fc3239506f" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,14,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Egyptian_National_Library_and_Archives&revid=1256361626&groups=_859ee7ea04fa072fd90a41270d5e41fc3239506f 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Public_library" title="Public library">Public</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_library" title="National library">National</a> <a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">library</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_archives" title="National archives">National archives</a>.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1870<span class="noprint"> (154 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1870</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background: #ededed;">Other information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Director</th><td class="infobox-data">Ludwig Stern, Wilhelm Spitta, Ali al-Biblawi, Murad Mukhtar, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Vollers" title="Karl Vollers">Karl Vollers</a>, Bernhard Moritz, Muhammad Ali Biblawi, Arthur Schaade, Muhammad Ali Biblawi, <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Lutfi_el-Sayed" title="Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed">Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed</a>, Ahmed Sadiq Bey, Abd al-Hamid Abu Hayf, Samir Gharib, <a href="/wiki/Salah_Fadl" title="Salah Fadl">Salah Fadl</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2778411?uselang=en#P1037" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darelkotob.gov.eg">www<wbr />.darelkotob<wbr />.gov<wbr />.eg</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Egyptian National Library and Archives</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">دار الكتب والوثائق القومية</span>; "Dar el-Kotob") is located in Nile Corniche, <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> and is the largest <a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">library</a> in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Al-Azhar_University" title="Al-Azhar University">Al-Azhar University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Alexandrina" title="Bibliotheca Alexandrina">Bibliotheca Alexandrina</a> (New Library of Alexandria). The Egyptian National Library and Archives are a non-profit government organization.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The National Library houses several million volumes on a wide range of topics.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of the largest in the world with thousands of ancient collections. It contains a vast variety of <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>-language and other Eastern manuscripts, the oldest in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main library is a seven-story building in Ramlet <a href="/wiki/Boulaq" title="Boulaq">Boulaq</a>, a district of Cairo. The Egyptian <a href="/wiki/National_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="National Archives">National Archives</a> are contained in an annex beside the building. </p><p>The National Archives, located in an annex beside the library, houses a vast and diverse collection. The holdings are particularly significant to those who work on Egyptian social and <a href="/wiki/Political_history" title="Political history">political history</a>, although it is not open to the public. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egyptian_National_Library_and_Archives&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cairo,_the_Khedival_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cairo%2C_the_Khedival_Library.jpg/220px-Cairo%2C_the_Khedival_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cairo%2C_the_Khedival_Library.jpg/330px-Cairo%2C_the_Khedival_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cairo%2C_the_Khedival_Library.jpg/440px-Cairo%2C_the_Khedival_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="515" /></a><figcaption>Cairo, the Khedival Library</figcaption></figure> <p>The Egyptian National Library was proposed by minister Ali Pasha Mubarak, minister of public works, to Khedive Ismail in 1870. The library, which was known then as Khedivial Kutub Khana, was first located at the ground floor of Prince Mustafa Fadel's palace in Darb Al Gamamiz. </p><p>In 1889, the library was moved to the Salamlek of the same palace. Later, Khedive Tawfiq ordered a new facility to host the growing collection, but this was not accomplished until the time of Khedive Abbas Helmy II. In 1904 a new building in Bab Al Khalq opened its doors to the public housing both the National Library and the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Islamic_Art,_Cairo" title="Museum of Islamic Art, Cairo">Museum of Islamic Art</a>. </p><p>In the 1970s, a newer building was built on the Corniche, with an adjacent one for the archives, but Bab Al Khalq Library is still functioning and houses a museum.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dar-al-kutub-after-friday-24th-bombings.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Dar-al-kutub-after-friday-24th-bombings.jpg/220px-Dar-al-kutub-after-friday-24th-bombings.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Dar-al-kutub-after-friday-24th-bombings.jpg/330px-Dar-al-kutub-after-friday-24th-bombings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Dar-al-kutub-after-friday-24th-bombings.jpg/440px-Dar-al-kutub-after-friday-24th-bombings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Damage sustained in the library's museum exhibition area after the 2014 car bombing.</figcaption></figure> <p>On Friday, January 24, 2014, a car bomb meant to destroy the Police Headquarters across the street from the National Library and Archives did quite a bit of damage to the library's building and collections. National Library and Archive head Abdul Nasser Hassan estimated that the losses would be around $2.81 million in repairs.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lighting and ventilation systems were destroyed and the Neo-Mamluk architectural facade was heavily damaged. Showcases and displays containing irreplaceable ancient manuscripts and papyri within the library's museum exhibition area were damaged along with all the furniture in the building. The conservation staff at the National Library and Archives were able to save the documents on display, although they did sustain some damage.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contents">Contents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egyptian_National_Library_and_Archives&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Contents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Collections include a wide variety of manuscripts of the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a>, written on paper and parchment. Some of which date back to early <a href="/wiki/Kufic" title="Kufic">Kufic</a> script. Others are written by celebrated <a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">calligraphers</a>. Of Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> materials, there is perhaps the outstanding collection of illuminated <a href="/wiki/Manuscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuscripts">manuscripts</a> of the Qur'an in the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk">Mamluk</a> text-hand, and in Trilinear and <a href="/wiki/Rayhani" class="mw-redirect" title="Rayhani">Rayhani</a> hands. There are also collections of Arabic <a href="/wiki/Papyri" class="mw-redirect" title="Papyri">papyri</a> from different sites in Egypt, some dating to the 7th century AD or earlier. The library is a mine of information on early Islamic Egypt's social and cultural life. Ancient <a href="/wiki/Persian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Empire">Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> documents are also part of the collection. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Outside_the_Egyptian_National_Library_and_Archives.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Outside_the_Egyptian_National_Library_and_Archives.jpg/272px-Outside_the_Egyptian_National_Library_and_Archives.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Outside_the_Egyptian_National_Library_and_Archives.jpg/408px-Outside_the_Egyptian_National_Library_and_Archives.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Outside_the_Egyptian_National_Library_and_Archives.jpg/544px-Outside_the_Egyptian_National_Library_and_Archives.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>The Port Said street facade. </figcaption></figure> <p>The library remains Egypt's largest resource of manuscripts and documents that include more than 57,000 of the most valuable manuscripts in the world. The manuscript collection covers a vast number of subjects, fully documented, dated, and compiled. It also houses a rare number of <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> papyri. These are related to marriage, rent, and exchange contracts, as well as records, accounts of taxes, distribution of inheritance, etc. The oldest papyrus group dates back to the year AH 87 (AD 705); only 444 papyri from this collection were published. </p><p>The library also has a large collection of medieval Arabic <a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">coins</a> from as early as AD 696, which were published by <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Lane-Poole" title="Stanley Lane-Poole">Stanley Lane-Poole</a>, Bernhardt Moritz and recently by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_D._Nicol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman D. Nicol (page does not exist)">Norman D. Nicol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jere_L._Bacharach" title="Jere L. Bacharach">Jere L. Bacharach</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifa%27at_al-Nabarawy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rifa'at al-Nabarawy (page does not exist)">Rifa'at al-Nabarawy</a> in 1982. These collections are of high archeological value.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Collections formed by <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Taymour" title="Ahmed Taymour">Ahmed Taymour Pasha</a>, Ahmed Zaki Pasha, Ahmed Tal'aat Bey and Mustafa Fadel all came to the National Library in the early 20th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egyptian_National_Library_and_Archives&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Alexandrina" title="Bibliotheca Alexandrina">Library of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_of_Egypt" title="National Archives of Egypt">National Archives of Egypt</a></li> <li>Unesco <a href="/wiki/Memory_of_the_World_Register_%E2%80%93_Arab_States" title="Memory of the World Register – Arab States">Memory of the World Register – Arab States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egyptian_National_Library_and_Archives&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181105202516/http://www.cairo.gov.eg/CairoPortal/Culture%20and%20Arts/libraries%20text.aspx?ID=2">"The National Library and Archives"</a>. <i>www.cairo.gov.eg</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cairo.gov.eg/CairoPortal/Culture%20and%20Arts/libraries%20text.aspx?ID=2">the original</a> on 2018-11-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cairo.gov.eg&rft.atitle=The+National+Library+and+Archives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cairo.gov.eg%2FCairoPortal%2FCulture%2520and%2520Arts%2Flibraries%2520text.aspx%3FID%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptian+National+Library+and+Archives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFالسيد2010" class="citation book cs1">السيد, أيمن فؤاد (2010). <i>كنوز دار الكتب المصرية</i>. Cairo: دار الكتب والوثائق القومية، جمعية المكنز الإسلامي. pp. 9, 10, 11, 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D9%83%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B2+%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.place=Cairo&rft.pages=9%2C+10%2C+11%2C+12&rft.pub=%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9%D8%8C+%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86%D8%B2+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF&rft.aufirst=%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptian+National+Library+and+Archives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/92430.aspx">"Bomb damages Egypt's National Library and Archives - Islamic - Heritage - Ahram Online"</a>. <i>english.ahram.org.eg</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.ahram.org.eg&rft.atitle=Bomb+damages+Egypt%27s+National+Library+and+Archives+-+Islamic+-+Heritage+-+Ahram+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.ahram.org.eg%2FNews%2F92430.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptian+National+Library+and+Archives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anitachowdry.wordpress.com/2014/01/27/preserving-treasures-in-cairos-national-library-and-archives/">"Preserving treasures in Cairo's National Library and Archives"</a>. <i>Anita Chowdry</i>. 2014-01-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anita+Chowdry&rft.atitle=Preserving+treasures+in+Cairo%27s+National+Library+and+Archives&rft.date=2014-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanitachowdry.wordpress.com%2F2014%2F01%2F27%2Fpreserving-treasures-in-cairos-national-library-and-archives%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptian+National+Library+and+Archives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181117063512/http://www.darelkotob.gov.eg/objectives.aspx">"دار الكتب والوثائق القومية"</a>. <i>www.darelkotob.gov.eg</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darelkotob.gov.eg/objectives.aspx">the original</a> on 2018-11-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.darelkotob.gov.eg&rft.atitle=%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darelkotob.gov.eg%2Fobjectives.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptian+National+Library+and+Archives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catalogues">Catalogues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egyptian_National_Library_and_Archives&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Catalogues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Moritz, Bernhardt: "Additions à la collection numismatique de la Bibliothèque Khédiviale". In: <i>Bulletin de l'Institut Egyptien</i>; 4e sér. 4 (1903), pp. 199–204.</li> <li>Nicol, Norman D.; el-Nabarawy, R. & Bacharach, J. L.: <i>Catalog of the Islamic Coins, Glass Weights, Dies and Medals in the Egyptian National Library, Cairo</i>. Malibu, California 1983.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egyptian_National_Library_and_Archives&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcel_Lajeunesse2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Marcel Lajeunesse, ed. (2008). "Égypte". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.banq.qc.ca/documents/a_propos_banq/nos_publications/nos_publications_a_z/Bibliotheques_nationales_Francophonie.pdf"><i>Les Bibliothèques nationales de la francophonie</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French) (3rd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_et_Archives_nationales_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec">Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/401164333">401164333</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%C3%89gypte&rft.btitle=Les+Biblioth%C3%A8ques+nationales+de+la+francophonie&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Biblioth%C3%A8que+et+Archives+nationales+du+Qu%C3%A9bec&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F401164333&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.banq.qc.ca%2Fdocuments%2Fa_propos_banq%2Fnos_publications%2Fnos_publications_a_z%2FBibliotheques_nationales_Francophonie.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptian+National+Library+and+Archives" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.ifla-world-report.org/home/map#/2/2/NJCB5ZVO28GPHLG">"Egypt"</a>, <i>World Report 2010</i>, The Hague: <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Library_Associations" class="mw-redirect" title="International Federation of Library Associations">International Federation of Library Associations</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/225182140">225182140</a>, <q>Freedom of access to information</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Report+2010&rft.atitle=Egypt&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F225182140&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdb.ifla-world-report.org%2Fhome%2Fmap%23%2F2%2F2%2FNJCB5ZVO28GPHLG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEgyptian+National+Library+and+Archives" class="Z3988"></span> (Includes information about the national library)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egyptian_National_Library_and_Archives&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darelkotob.gov.eg/">Official website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English and Arabic)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab_national_libraries" title="Template:Arab national libraries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab_national_libraries" title="Template talk:Arab national libraries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab_national_libraries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab national libraries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arab_national_libraries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab</a> <a href="/wiki/National_library" title="National library">national libraries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Algeria" title="National Library of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaikh_Isa_bin_Salman_Al_Khalifa_National_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa National Library">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros_National_Library" title="Comoros National Library">Comoros</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_National_Library_and_Archive" title="Iraq National Library and Archive">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Jordan" title="National Library of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Kuwait" title="National Library of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_National_Library" title="Lebanese National Library">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Libya" title="National Library of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Mauritania" title="National Library of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Kingdom_of_Morocco" title="National Library of the Kingdom of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Qaboos_University_Library" title="Sultan Qaboos University Library">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_National_Library" title="Qatar National Library">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Fahad_National_Library" title="King Fahad National Library">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Somalia" title="National Library of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_Library" title="Sudan Library">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Assad_National_Library" title="Al-Assad National Library">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Tunisia" title="National Library of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UAE_Public_Library_and_Cultural_Center" title="UAE Public Library and Cultural Center">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Yemen" title="National Library of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_libraries_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_libraries_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_library" title="National library">National libraries</a> of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Armenia" title="National Library of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Azerbaijan" title="National Library of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Bangladesh" title="National Library of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Bhutan" title="National Library of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Cambodia" title="National Library of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_China" title="National Library of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_East_Timor" title="National Library of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_India" title="National Library of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Indonesia" title="National Library of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" title="National Library of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Jordan" title="National Library of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Kazakhstan" title="National Library of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Kuwait" title="National Library of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Laos" title="National Library of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Malaysia" title="National Library of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Mongolia" title="National Library of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Myanmar" title="National Library of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Pakistan" title="National Library of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Philippines" title="National Library of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Russia" title="National Library of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Sri_Lanka" title="National Library of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Tajikistan" title="National Library of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Thailand" title="National Library of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Turkey" title="National Library of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Uzbekistan" title="National Library of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Vietnam" title="National Library of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Yemen" title="National Library of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="National Library of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of the State of Palestine (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="African_national_libraries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="African_national_libraries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">African <a href="/wiki/National_library" title="National library">national libraries</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Algeria" title="National Library of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Angola" title="National Library of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Benin" title="National Library of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Burkina_Faso" title="National Library of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Burundi" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Cameroon" title="National Library of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Cape_Verde" title="National Library of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_the_Central_African_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of the Central African Republic (page does not exist)">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Chad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Chad (page does not exist)">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of the Republic of the Congo (page does not exist)">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Djibouti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Djibouti (page does not exist)">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Equatorial_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Equatorial Guinea (page does not exist)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Eritrea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Eritrea (page does not exist)">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Eswatini (page does not exist)">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Gabon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Gabon (page does not exist)">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Ghana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Ghana (page does not exist)">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Guinea" title="National Library of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="National Library of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Ivory_Coast" title="National Library of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Liberia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Liberia (page does not exist)">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Libya" title="National Library of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Madagascar" title="National Library of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Malawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Malawi (page does not exist)">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Mali" title="National Library of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Mauritania" title="National Library of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Mauritius" title="National Library of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Mozambique" title="National Library of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Namibia" title="National Library of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Niger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Niger (page does not exist)">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Nigeria" title="National Library of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Rwanda" title="National Library of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="National Library of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Senegal" title="National Library of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Seychelles" title="National Library of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Sierra_Leone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Sierra Leone (page does not exist)">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Somalia" title="National Library of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_South_Africa" title="National Library of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_South_Sudan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of South Sudan (page does not exist)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Tanzania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Tanzania (page does not exist)">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Togo" title="National Library of Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Tunisia" title="National Library of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Uganda" title="National Library of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Zambia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Zambia (page does not exist)">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Zimbabwe" title="National Library of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (page does not exist)">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Somaliland" title="National Library of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_the_Canary_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of the Canary Islands (page does not exist)">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Ceuta (page does not exist)">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Melilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Melilla (page does not exist)">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Madeira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Madeira (page does not exist)">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Mayotte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Mayotte (page does not exist)">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Réunion (page does not exist)">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Saint_Helena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Saint Helena (page does not exist)">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Ascension_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Ascension Island (page does not exist)">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Tristan_da_Cunha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Tristan da Cunha (page does not exist)">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2778411#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2778411#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2778411#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121849546">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/5712158070788608780003">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/151020750">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/270287-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81032004">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12192751s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12192751s">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/75kmqs9r0vfjxcp">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007438030905171">Israel</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007370714705171">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500307162">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/08341553X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" 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