CINXE.COM
Scholarly Resources for Learning and Research | Gale
<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <title>Scholarly Resources for Learning and Research | Gale</title> <meta name="description" content="Gale's scholarly resources include databases and primary sources, as well as learning resources and products for schools and libraries. Click to explore."/> <meta name="keywords" content="scholarly resources, digital resources, learning resources, educational products, online library research resources, research databases, newspaper digital archives, digital archives"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.gale.com"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Scholarly Resources for Learning and Research | Gale"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Gale's scholarly resources include databases and primary sources, as well as learning resources and products for schools and libraries. Click to explore."/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Scholarly Resources for Learning and Research | Gale"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Gale's scholarly resources include databases and primary sources, as well as learning resources and products for schools and libraries. Click to explore."/> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow"/> <link href="/webfiles/1729675621577/gen/gale/css/main.css" rel="stylesheet"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="//cdn.cengage.com/libs/bootstrap/img/favicon.png" type="image/x-icon" /> <script src="/webfiles/1729675621577/gen/gale/js/modernizr-custom.js"></script> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="/webfiles/1729675621577/gen/gale/js/old-ie.js"></script> <![endif]--> <link hreflang="en-au" rel="alternate" href="https://www.gale.com/intl"/> <link hreflang="en-gb" rel="alternate" href="https://www.gale.com/intl"/> <link hreflang="pt" rel="alternate" href="https://www.gale.com/pt"/> <link hreflang="en-ca" rel="alternate" href="https://www.gale.com/"/> <link hreflang="en-us" rel="alternate" href="https://www.gale.com/"/> <link hreflang="ja-jp" rel="alternate" href="https://www.gale.com/jp"/> <link hreflang="zh" rel="alternate" href="https://www.gale.com/cn"/> <link hreflang="es" rel="alternate" href="https://www.gale.com/es"/> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MCRG9V');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <script id="globalLabels" type="application/json"> { "global.loader.loading.first.label": "loading...", "global.loader.loading.second.label": "Thank you for your patience. Still loading...", "global.loader.loading.third.label": "Sorry for the delay. This is taking longer than expected." } </script><div id="gale-global-loader"> <div> <span aria-label="Loading" color="#3942B0" role="img" class="css-1074t46"></span> <p id="gale-global-loader-message"></p> </div> </div> <style> #gale-global-loader { position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); z-index: 9999; display: none; justify-content: center; align-items: center; } .css-1074t46 { animation: 0.75s linear 0s infinite normal none running spinner-border; border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; border-color: white transparent white white; border-image: initial; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; height: 48px; width: 48px; margin: auto; display: block; } #gale-global-loader p { color: white; margin-top: 24px; font-size: 12px; font-family: monospace; } @keyframes spinner-border { 100% { transform: rotate(360deg); } } </style></head> <body> <div data-catalog="pages_en_us" data-item-name="Home Page" data-item-id="7d67b2ad-aa18-42bb-aa8a-cafa47757307" style="display:none;" id="brsm-data"> </div> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MCRG9V" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <script src="/webfiles/1729675621577/gen/gale/js/shared.js"></script> <script src="/webfiles/1729675621577/gen/gale/js/init.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <!-- This is from the base-banner --> <!-- showBanner do 'not have a value' --> <header class="c-header" data-component="header-component" > <a class="c-header__logo" data-component="header-logo" href="https://www.gale.com"> <img class="c-header__logo-image" src="/binaries/content/gallery/header/gale-logo-19-07-22.png?ts=23112024" alt="Gale - A Cengage Company" width="200" height="60"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="206" height="70" viewBox="0 0 206 70"> <clipPath id="logo-clip-mask"> <path d="M0,0 L0,66 C86.5,66 132.6,66 138.3,66 C146.7,66 152.9,59.7 152.9,59.7 C158.4,53.7 193.8,8.9 196.7,5.5 C199,2.9 202.1,1 206,0 L0,0 Z"></path> </clipPath> </svg> </a> <div class="c-header__top-items" data-component="search-box-parent"> <div class="c-header__top-item is-search" data-component="search-button"> <button class="c-header__top-button"> <span class="sr-only">Search Button</span> <span class="icon icon-search" aria-hidden="true"></span> </button> </div> <div class="c-header__top-item is-menu" data-component="menu"> <button class="c-header__top-button hamburger hamburger--squeeze" data-component="hamburger-button" type="button" aria-label="Menu" aria-controls="navigation"> <span class="hamburger-box"> <span class="hamburger-inner"></span> </span> </button> </div> <div class="c-header__search-box c-search-box c-search-box--mobile" data-suggest-api="https://suggest.dxpapi.com/api/v2/suggest/?account_id=6454&auth_key=kx3j8og1xe50q9ph&request_id=1234567890099&url=www.gale.com&ref_url=www.gale.com&catalog_views=gale&domain_key=gale" data-component="search-box" aria-expanded="false" data-is-active="false"> <div class="c-search-box__small-logo"> <img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="Logos" width="66" height="20"> </div> <div class="c-search-box__field"> <form autocomplete="off" method="get" action="/s" novalidate> <input class="c-search-box__input" type="search" name="q" placeholder="Search" autocomplete="off" data-component="search-input"> </form> <div class="c-search-box__suggest-panel" data-component="suggest-panel"> <div class="c-search-box__suggest-panel-tabs"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="c-header__main-nav main-nav" data-component="main-nav" aria-expanded="false" role="navigation" data-is-active="false"> <ul class="main-nav__menu"> <li class="main-nav__menu-item" data-is-active="false"> <div class="main-nav__section"> <span class="main-nav__section-text">About</span> <span class="main-nav__section-icon icon icon-angle-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div> <ul class="main-nav__submenu" aria-expanded="false" data-is-active="false"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/about" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > About Gale">About Gale</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://blog.gale.com" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > About Gale > Blog">Blog</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="/newsroom" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > About Gale > Press Center">Press Center</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/subscribe" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > About Gale > Subscribe">Subscribe</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/open-access" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > About Gale > Get Open Access">Get Open Access</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/academic" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > Academic Institutions">Academic Institutions</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/primary-sources/digital-scholar-lab" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > Academic Institutions > Digital Scholar Lab">Digital Scholar Lab</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/gale-research-complete" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > Academic Institutions > Gale Research Complete">Gale Research Complete</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/primary-sources" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > Academic Institutions > Primary Sources">Primary Sources</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/primary-sources/gale-research-showcase" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > Academic Institutions > Gale Research Showcase">Gale Research Showcase</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/schools" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > School Educators">School Educators</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com//schools/classroom" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > School Educators > Classroom Learning Essentials">Classroom Learning Essentials</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/databases/gale-in-context/english-language-arts" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > School Educators > English Language Arts">English Language Arts</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/databases/gale-in-context/social-studies" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > School Educators > Social Studies">Social Studies</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/ebooks/schools/professional-development" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > School Educators > Professional Learning">Professional Learning</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/public" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > Public Libraries">Public Libraries</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/public/adult-online-learning" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > Public Libraries > Adult Online Learning">Adult Online Learning</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/databases/gale-business" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > Public Libraries > Business">Business</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/kindergarten-readiness" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > Public Libraries > Kindergarten Readiness">Kindergarten Readiness</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="#" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > Other">Other</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/thorndike" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > Other > Thorndike Press">Thorndike Press</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/statewide-programs" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > Other > Statewide Programs">Statewide Programs</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/special" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="About > Other > Special Libraries">Special Libraries</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__menu-item" data-is-active="false"> <div class="main-nav__section"> <span class="main-nav__section-text">Products</span> <span class="main-nav__section-icon icon icon-angle-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div> <ul class="main-nav__submenu" aria-expanded="false" data-is-active="false"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/databases" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > Databases">Databases</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/databases/gale-in-context" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > Databases > Gale In Context">Gale In Context</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/gale-research-complete" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > Databases > Gale Research Complete">Gale Research Complete</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/c/academic-onefile" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > Databases > Academic OneFile">Academic OneFile</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/c/business-plan-builder-academic" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > Databases > Gale Business: Plan Builder">Gale Business: Plan Builder</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/c/chilton-library" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > Databases > ChiltonLibrary">ChiltonLibrary</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/s?result-type=products&keys=product-category___databases" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > Databases > View All">View All</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/primary-sources" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > Primary Sources">Primary Sources</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/gale-accelerate" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > Primary Sources > Gale Accelerate">Gale Accelerate</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/primary-sources/digital-scholar-lab" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > Primary Sources > Gale Digital Scholar Lab">Gale Digital Scholar Lab</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/primary-sources/womens-studies" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > Primary Sources > Women's Studies Archive">Women's Studies Archive</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/primary-sources/political-extremism-and-radicalism" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > Primary Sources > Political Extremism and Radicalism">Political Extremism and Radicalism</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/s?result-type=products&keys=product-category___primary-sources" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > Primary Sources > View All">View All</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/ebooks" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > eBooks & Print">eBooks & Print</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/ebooks/academic" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > eBooks & Print > Academic Institutions">Academic Institutions</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/ebooks/schools" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > eBooks & Print > School Educators">School Educators</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/ebooks/public" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > eBooks & Print > Public Libraries">Public Libraries</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/s?result-type=ebooks&mediaType=Print" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > eBooks & Print > Print Reference">Print Reference</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/s?result-type=ebooks" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > eBooks & Print > View All">View All</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/elearning" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > eLearning">eLearning</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/elearning/excel-adult-high-school" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > eLearning > Excel Adult High School">Excel Adult High School</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/elearning/petersons-test-and-career-suite" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > eLearning > Peterson's Test and Career Prep">Peterson's Test and Career Prep</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/elearning/miss-humblebees-academy/public" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > eLearning > Miss Humblebee's Academy">Miss Humblebee's Academy</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/public/adult-online-learning" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Products > eLearning > Adult Learning Suite">Adult Learning Suite</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__menu-item" data-is-active="false"> <div class="main-nav__section"> <span class="main-nav__section-text">Subjects</span> <span class="main-nav__section-icon icon icon-angle-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div> <ul class="main-nav__submenu" aria-expanded="false" data-is-active="false"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/business-industry-and-finance" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Business Industry & Finance">Business Industry & Finance</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/careers-and-occupations" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Business Industry & Finance > Careers and Occupations">Careers and Occupations</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/economics" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Business Industry & Finance > Economics">Economics</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/finance" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Business Industry & Finance > Finance">Finance</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/industries-and-companies" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Business Industry & Finance > Industries and Companies">Industries and Companies</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/marketing" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Business Industry & Finance > Marketing">Marketing</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/education" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Education">Education</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/educational-methods-and-issues" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Education > Educational Method & Issues">Educational Method & Issues</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="/higher-education" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Education > Higher Education">Higher Education</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/instructional-content" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Education > Instructional Content">Instructional Content</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/library-and-information-science" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Education > Library and Information Science">Library and Information Science</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/health-and-medicine" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Heath & Medicine">Heath & Medicine</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="/health-care" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Heath & Medicine > Health Care">Health Care</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="/human-anatomy" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Heath & Medicine > Human Anatomy">Human Anatomy</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="/medical-science-and-research" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Heath & Medicine > Medical Science and Research">Medical Science and Research</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="/wellness" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Heath & Medicine > Wellness">Wellness</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/history" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > History">History</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/biography" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > History > Biography">Biography</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/british-history" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > History > British History">British History</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/canadian-history" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > History > Canadian History">Canadian History</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/legal-history" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > History > Legal History">Legal History</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/military-history" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > History > Military History">Military History</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/native-american-history" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > History > Native American History">Native American History</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/humanities-and-social-sciences" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Humanities & Social Sciences">Humanities & Social Sciences</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/communication-studies" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Humanities & Social Sciences > Communication Studies">Communication Studies</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/criminal-justice" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Humanities & Social Sciences > Criminal Justice">Criminal Justice</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/current-issues" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Humanities & Social Sciences > Current Issues">Current Issues</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/environmental-studies" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Humanities & Social Sciences > Environmental Studies">Environmental Studies</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/gender-and-womens-studies" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Humanities & Social Sciences > Gender and Women’s Studies">Gender and Women’s Studies</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/international-relations" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Humanities & Social Sciences > International Relations">International Relations</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/multicultural-and-regional-studies" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Humanities & Social Sciences > Multicultural/Regional Studies">Multicultural/Regional Studies</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/philosophy" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Humanities & Social Sciences > Philosophy">Philosophy</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/interests-and-hobbies" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Interests & Hobbies">Interests & Hobbies</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/antiques" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Interests & Hobbies > Antiques">Antiques</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/arts-and-crafts" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Interests & Hobbies > Arts & Crafts">Arts & Crafts</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/automotive-repair" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Interests & Hobbies > Automotive Repair">Automotive Repair</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/culinary-arts" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Interests & Hobbies > Culinary Arts">Culinary Arts</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/gardening-and-horticulture" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Interests & Hobbies > Gardening & Horticulture">Gardening & Horticulture</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/home-improvement" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Interests & Hobbies > Home Improvement">Home Improvement</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/sports-and-recreation" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Interests & Hobbies > Sports & Recreation">Sports & Recreation</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/teen-interest-and-issues" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Interests & Hobbies > Teen Interest & Issues">Teen Interest & Issues</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/legal-studies" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Legal Studies">Legal Studies</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/criminal-justice-resources" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Legal Studies > Criminal Justice">Criminal Justice</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/law" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Legal Studies > Law">Law</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/legal-issues" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Legal Studies > Legal Issues">Legal Issues</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/literature" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Literature">Literature</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/american-literature" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Literature > American Literature">American Literature</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/authors" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Literature > Authors">Authors</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/bibliography" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Literature > Bibliography">Bibliography</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/british-literature" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Literature > British Literature">British Literature</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/world-literature" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Literature > World Literature">World Literature</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/science-and-technology" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Science & Technology">Science & Technology</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/agriculture" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Science & Technology > Agriculture">Agriculture</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/astronomy" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Science & Technology > Astronomy">Astronomy</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/chemistry-resources" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Science & Technology > Chemistry">Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/computing-and-information-science" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Science & Technology > Computing and Information">Computing and Information</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/earth-science" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Science & Technology > Earth Science">Earth Science</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/history-of-science-and-technology" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Science & Technology > History of Science and Technology">History of Science and Technology</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/mathematics" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Science & Technology > Mathematics">Mathematics</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/nanotechnology" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Science & Technology > Nanotechnology">Nanotechnology</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/physics" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Subjects > Science & Technology > Physics">Physics</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__menu-item" data-is-active="false"> <div class="main-nav__section"> <span class="main-nav__section-text">Support</span> <span class="main-nav__section-icon icon icon-angle-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div> <ul class="main-nav__submenu" aria-expanded="false" data-is-active="false"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="#" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Resources">Resources</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/accessibility" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Resources > Accessibility">Accessibility</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com//discovery-services" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Resources > Discovery">Discovery</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://support.gale.com/products" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Resources > Product Support">Product Support</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://support.gale.com/training" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Resources > Training Center">Training Center</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://support.gale.com/marketing" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Resources > Marketing Materials">Marketing Materials</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/academic/outreach-engagement" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Resources > Academic Outreach & Engagement Team">Academic Outreach & Engagement Team</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="#" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Customer Support">Customer Support</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/help" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Customer Support > Request Support">Request Support</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="#" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Customer Support > Monday - Friday, 8am - 5pm EST">Monday - Friday, 8am - 5pm EST</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="#" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Customer Support > 800.877.4253, option 2">800.877.4253, option 2</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="#" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Find Your Rep">Find Your Rep</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.cengage.com/repfinder/gale" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Find Your Rep > Gale Repfinder">Gale Repfinder</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="main-nav__nav-utility-buttons" data-component="search-box-parent"> <div class="main-nav__nav-utility-button" > <a class="aButton aButton--secondary aButton--medium" href="https://myaccount.gale.com/auth/login?destinationUrl=http://www.gale.com" /> Sign In </a> <a class="aButton aButton--secondary aButton--medium aButton--outlined" href="https://myaccount.gale.com/p/registration" /> Register </a> </div> <div class="c-header__search-box c-search-box c-search-box--desktop" data-suggest-api="https://suggest.dxpapi.com/api/v2/suggest/?account_id=6454&auth_key=kx3j8og1xe50q9ph&request_id=1234567890099&url=www.gale.com&ref_url=www.gale.com&catalog_views=gale&domain_key=gale" data-component="search-box" aria-expanded="false" data-is-active="false"> <div class="c-search-box__small-logo"> <img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="Logos" width="66" height="20"> </div> <div class="c-search-box__field"> <form autocomplete="off" method="get" action="/s" novalidate> <input class="c-search-box__input" type="search" name="q" placeholder="Search" autocomplete="off" data-component="search-input"> <button class="c-search-box__icon-button" data-component="search-button"> <span class="c-search-box__icon-button-maginify" aria-hidden="true"> <svg width="20" height="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M12.266 12.266c1.053-1.054 1.58-2.322 1.58-3.804 0-1.483-.527-2.75-1.58-3.805-1.054-1.053-2.322-1.58-3.804-1.58-1.483 0-2.75.527-3.805 1.58-1.053 1.054-1.58 2.322-1.58 3.805 0 1.482.527 2.75 1.58 3.804 1.054 1.053 2.322 1.58 3.805 1.58 1.482 0 2.75-.527 3.804-1.58Zm7.29 5.114c.296.296.444.657.444 1.082 0 .416-.152.777-.457 1.081a1.478 1.478 0 0 1-1.081.457c-.433 0-.794-.152-1.082-.457l-4.123-4.11c-1.434.993-3.033 1.49-4.795 1.49a8.314 8.314 0 0 1-3.288-.667 8.46 8.46 0 0 1-2.704-1.803A8.46 8.46 0 0 1 .667 11.75 8.314 8.314 0 0 1 0 8.462C0 7.316.222 6.22.667 5.174A8.46 8.46 0 0 1 2.47 2.47 8.46 8.46 0 0 1 5.174.667 8.314 8.314 0 0 1 8.462 0c1.145 0 2.241.222 3.287.667a8.46 8.46 0 0 1 2.704 1.803 8.46 8.46 0 0 1 1.803 2.704 8.314 8.314 0 0 1 .667 3.288c0 1.762-.497 3.36-1.49 4.795l4.122 4.123Z"/> </svg> </span> </button> </form> <div class="c-search-box__suggest-panel" data-component="suggest-panel"> <div class="c-search-box__suggest-panel-tabs"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-nav__desktop-utility-panel" is-expanded="false" aria-expanded="false" data-component="login-panel"> <div class="main-nav__desktop-utility-panel-container"> <div class="main-nav__desktop-utility-panel-form-container"> <div class="main-nav__desktop-utility-panel-title"> Sign in to your Gale Account </div> </div> <div class="main-nav__desktop-utility-panel-helpers"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-nav__mobile-login-panel p-mobile-login-panel" is-active="false" data-component="mobile-login-panel"> <div class="p-mobile-login-panel__container container"> <a href="javascript:;" class="p-mobile-login-panel__cancel"> <i class="p-mobile-login-panel__cancel-icon fa fa-angle-left"></i> <span>Cancel</span> </a> <div class="p-mobile-login-panel__section p-mobile-login-panel__section--form"> <div class="p-mobile-login-panel__head"> <div class="p-mobile-login-panel__title"> Sign in to your Gale Account </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-mobile-login-panel__footer"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <!-- International Modal --> <div class="modal fade international-modal" id="InternationalModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby=""> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document" style="max-width:480px"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-body"> <!-- Variable countryRegion is set --> <!-- countryRegion.region: uk --> <!-- resolvedMountAlias: us --> <h3>Welcome to Gale North America</h3> <!-- LOG: popupData2 Singapore --> <!-- LOG: TOKEN ##a foreign country## --> <p>You appear to be visiting us from <a href="/intl">Singapore</a>.<br/><br/>Please head to Gale International site if you are located outside of North America. If you are located in the USA or Canada please visit the Gale North American site.</p> <div class="clearfix"> <div class="International-btn"> <!-- var key thorndike :: regionDict[key] https://www.gale.com/thorndike --> <!-- var key pt :: regionDict[key] https://www.gale.com/pt --> <!-- var key jp :: regionDict[key] https://www.gale.com/jp --> <!-- var key uk :: regionDict[key] https://www.gale.com/intl --> <!-- var key cn :: regionDict[key] https://www.gale.com/cn --> <!-- var key es :: regionDict[key] https://www.gale.com/es --> <!-- var key us :: regionDict[key] https://www.gale.com/ --> <!-- K: Gale International V: uk --> <a href="https://www.gale.com/intl" class="btn green-btn btn-block" onclick="window.setCookie('g-region','uk','www.gale.com','/',256); return true;"><small>Continue to</small><br> Gale International</a> <div class="small"></div> <!-- K: Gale North America V: us --> <!-- K: Gale SPAIN V: es --> <!-- K: Gale CHINA V: cn --> <!-- K: Gale PORTUGAL V: pt --> <!-- K: Gale JAPAN V: jp --> </div> <div class="International-btn"> <a href="#x" data-dismiss="modal" class="btn green-btn green-btn--transparent btn-block" onclick="window.setCookie('g-region','us','www.gale.com','/',256); return true;"> <small>Stay at</small><br> Gale North America</a> <div class="small"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- including a global error message --> <div class="c-modal modal fade" id="modal-ecommerce-error" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="modal-ecommerce-error-label" aria-hidden="true"> <script id="commerceMessages" type="application/json"> { "label.addtocart.message.0": "Product(s) added to the cart successfully. See your <a href='https://myaccount.gale.com/cart'>Cart</a>", "label.addtocart.message.1": "Error adding to cart. Please try again or contact our Customer Experience team at 1-800-877-4253 or <a href='mailto:gale.customerexperience@cengage.com' >gale.customerexperience@cengage.com</a> for help completing your order.", "label.addtocart.message.2": "Invalid or Expired Token, please logout and login again.", "label.addtocart.message.3": "There is an issue adding the products selected to your cart or wish list. Please contact our customer experience team at 1-800-877-4253 or <a href='mailto:gale.customerexperience@cengage.com' >gale.customerexperience@cengage.com</a> for help completing your order.", "label.addtocart.message.4": "Only 100 products can be ordered at a time. Please create a new order for any additional products, or contact gale.customerexperience@cengage.com.", "label.addtocart.message.5": "Invalid StorefrontID or Empty StorefrontID", "label.addtocart.message.6": "There was an error adding these products to the cart, Invalid ISBN - %1", "label.addtocart.message.7": "Failed to add, Cannot add more than 20 items", "label.addtocart.message.8": "Session expired, please refresh the page and sign in again.", "label.addtocart.message.9": "There was an error adding these products to the cart - %1%2", "label.addtocart.message.10": "%1 Product(s) have been added to your cart but %2 have been backordered and will be fulfilled when stock is available %3. See your <a href='https://myaccount.gale.com/cart'>Cart</a>", "label.addtocart.message.11": "Products have been added to your cart but this %1 have been backordered and will be fulfilled when stock is available %2. See your <a href='https://myaccount.gale.com/cart'>Cart</a>", "label.addtocart.message.12": "Products weren't added to the cart, error on these products - %1%2", "label.addtocart.message.13": "You can't add more than 1000 products per order %1", "label.addtowishlist.message.0": "Product(s) added to the wish list successfully. See your <a href='https://myaccount.gale.com/wishlist'>Wish List</a>", "label.addtowishlist.message.1": "Error adding to wish list, please try again or contact our Customer Experience team at 1-800-877-4253 or <a href='mailto:gale.customerexperience@cengage.com' >gale.customerexperience@cengage.com</a> for help completing your order.", "label.addtowishlist.message.2": "Invalid or Expired Token, please logout and login again.", "label.addtowishlist.message.3": "There is an issue adding the products selected to your cart or wish list. Please contact our customer experience team at 1-800-877-4253 or <a href='mailto:gale.customerexperience@cengage.com' >gale.customerexperience@cengage.com</a> for help completing your order.", "label.addtowishlist.message.4": "???label.addtowishlist.message.4???", "label.addtowishlist.message.5": "Invalid StorefrontID or Empty StorefrontID", "label.addtowishlist.message.6": "There was an error adding these products to the wish list, Invalid ISBN - %1", "label.addtowishlist.message.7": "Failed to add, Cannot add more than 20 items", "label.addtowishlist.message.8": "Session expired, please refresh the page and sign in again.", "label.addtowishlist.message.9": "There was an error adding these products to the wish list - %1", "label.addtowishlist.message.10": "Product(s) added to the wish list successfully. See your <a href='https://myaccount.gale.com/wishlist'>Wish List</a>", "label.cartcount.message.0": "CartCount Success", "label.cartcount.message.1": "Error in SAP Service, please try again or contact our Customer Experience team at 1-800-877-4253 or <a href='mailto:gale.customerexperience@cengage.com' >gale.customerexperience@cengage.com</a> for help completing your order.", "label.cartcount.message.2": "Invalid GUID/ Empty GUID", "label.login.message.0": "Login success", "label.login.message.1": "Login Failed, invalid username or password.", "label.general.header": "ATTENTION" } </script> <div class="c-modal__dialog modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="c-modal__content modal-content"> <div class="c-modal__header modal-header"> <h5 class="c-modal__title modal-title" id="modal-ecommerce-error-label"> Error </h5> <button type="button" class="c-modal__close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span class="sr-only"> Close Modal </span> <span class="c-modal__close-icon" aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="c-modal__body modal-body"> <div class="c-modal__description"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <section class="full-width"> <!--<div class="row">--> <style type="text/css"> .slider { list-style: none; padding-left: 0; padding-bottom: 0; } .slider__slide { display: none; } .slider__slide.active { display: block; } #html-home-banner { overflow: initial; } #html-home-banner .banner-stacked-promo__image { min-height: 175px; } @media (min-width: 768px) { #html-home-banner .banner-stacked-promo__image { min-height: 448px; } } @media (min-width: 992px) { #html-home-banner .banner-stacked-promo__image { min-height: 670px; } } </style> <header class=""> <section id="html-home-banner" class="banner banner-stacked-promo"> <div class="banner-stacked-promo__image"> <div class="banner-stacked-promo__image-container"> <div class="banner-stacked-promo__picture "> <div class="slider-container"> <ul class="slider" id="hero-slider"> <li class="slider__slide active"> <img class="img-responsive" width="100%" height="670" src="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/general/homepage_slider_got211375935_everyone_banner_k12.jpg?quality=80&width=NaN&anchor=center&mode=crop" /> </li> <li class="slider__slide"> <img class="img-responsive" width="100%" height="670" src="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/general/homepage_slider_got211375935_everyone_banner_pub.jpg" /> </li> <li class="slider__slide"> <img class="img-responsive" width="100%" height="670" src="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/general/homepage_slider_got211375935_everyone_banner_aca.jpg" /> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="banner-stacked-promo__content"> <div class="banner-stacked-promo__promos" style="z-index:1"> <a href="/academic" class="btn btn-cta" data-wa-event-category="PromoLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="Academic Institutions"> <div class="btn-cta__titles"> <div class="btn-cta__title h4" style="color:#FFFFFF">Academic Institutions</div> <div class="btn-cta__background" style="background-color:#99CC00"></div> </div> <div class="btn-cta__link">Learn more</div> </a> <a href="/schools" class="btn btn-cta" data-wa-event-category="PromoLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="School Educators"> <div class="btn-cta__titles"> <div class="btn-cta__title h4" style="color:#FFFFFF">School Educators</div> <div class="btn-cta__background" style="background-color:#dc4405"></div> </div> <div class="btn-cta__link">Learn more</div> </a> <a href="/public" class="btn btn-cta" data-wa-event-category="PromoLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="Public Libraries"> <div class="btn-cta__titles"> <div class="btn-cta__title h4" style="color:#FFFFFF">Public Libraries</div> <div class="btn-cta__background" style="background-color:#f2a900"></div> </div> <div class="btn-cta__link">Learn more</div> </a> <a href="https://www.gale.com/open-access" class="btn btn-cta" data-wa-event-category="PromoLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="Students & Researchers"> <div class="btn-cta__titles"> <div class="btn-cta__title h4" style="color:#FFFFFF">Students & Researchers</div> <div class="btn-cta__background" style="background-color:#00a9e0"></div> </div> <div class="btn-cta__link">Learn more</div> </a> </div> <div class="banner-stacked-promo__text"> <div class="banner-stacked-promo__heading"></div> <div class="banner-stacked-promo__subtitle"></div> </div> </div> </section> </header> <!--</div>--> </section> <section class="jumbogale jumbogale--no-padding-bottom"> <div class="container"> <!--<div class="row">--> <div class="simple-content-block" > <h2 style="text-align:center">Gale makes it easier for you to help learners thrive.</h2> <p style="text-align:center"><a class="btn green-btn" href="https://www.gale.com/about" style="font-weight:normal; background-color:#dc4405;border-color:#dc4405;">Learn more >></a> </p> </div> <!--</div>--> </div> </section> <section class="main-section gale-section main-section--no-padding-bottom"> <div class="container"> <!--<div class="row">--> <div class="collection-table" > <div class="col-lg-12"> <h2 class="gale-h2 text-left">The Latest at Gale</h2> </div> <div class="collection-table"> <table class="table table-4"> <tbody><tr> <td > <a href="https://www.bluetoad.com/publication/?m=71648&l=1" data-wa-event-category="PromoLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="Get the new Gale Primary Sources Catalog" > <picture> <!--[if IE 9]> <video style="display: none;"><![endif]--> <source media="(min-width: 900px)" srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/campaigns/expiring-campagins/homepage-promo/home-page-apr-2024-header_72dpi.jpg/home-page-apr-2024-header_72dpi.jpg/galewww%3Atile"/> <source media="(max-width: 480px)" srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/campaigns/expiring-campagins/homepage-promo/home-page-apr-2024-header_72dpi.jpg/home-page-apr-2024-header_72dpi.jpg/galewww%3Asmall"/> <source srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/campaigns/expiring-campagins/homepage-promo/home-page-apr-2024-header_72dpi.jpg/home-page-apr-2024-header_72dpi.jpg/galewww%3Atile"/> <!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]--> <img alt="" class="img-responsive" width="100%" height="100%"> </picture> <h4 style="color:FFFFFF;">Get the new Gale Primary Sources Catalog</h4> <p>Find out what’s new from <em>Gale Primary Sources</em>! Our new 2024–2025 catalog is your one-stop resource for enhancing digital scholarship at your library, covering every digital archive, plus enhancements in <em>Gale Digital Scholar Lab</em>, and much more.</p> <button class="btn btn-link">Download Now »</button> </a> </td> <td > <a href="https://www.gale.com/ebooks/schools/professional-development" data-wa-event-category="PromoLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="Position Your Educators For Success" > <picture> <!--[if IE 9]> <video style="display: none;"><![endif]--> <source media="(min-width: 900px)" srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/campaigns/expiring-campagins/homepage-promo/homepage_promo_schools_novmeber_24.jpg/homepage_promo_schools_novmeber_24.jpg/galewww%3Atile"/> <source media="(max-width: 480px)" srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/campaigns/expiring-campagins/homepage-promo/homepage_promo_schools_novmeber_24.jpg/homepage_promo_schools_novmeber_24.jpg/galewww%3Asmall"/> <source srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/campaigns/expiring-campagins/homepage-promo/homepage_promo_schools_novmeber_24.jpg/homepage_promo_schools_novmeber_24.jpg/galewww%3Atile"/> <!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]--> <img alt="" class="img-responsive" width="100%" height="100%"> </picture> <h4 style="color:#000000;">Position Your Educators For Success</h4> <p>Empower educators with ongoing professional learning. Fuel their growth and development with content from leading publishers and credible authors. Seamlessly integrate <em>Gale eBooks</em> into your school's professional learning journey for flexible, self-paced learning.</p> <button class="btn btn-link">Learn More »</button> </a> </td> <td > <a href="https://www.gale.com//public/adult-online-learning" data-wa-event-category="PromoLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="Every Stage. Every Style. Every Goal." > <picture> <!--[if IE 9]> <video style="display: none;"><![endif]--> <source media="(min-width: 900px)" srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/campaigns/expiring-campagins/homepage-promo/homepage_promo_public_september_24.jpg/homepage_promo_public_september_24.jpg/galewww%3Atile"/> <source media="(max-width: 480px)" srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/campaigns/expiring-campagins/homepage-promo/homepage_promo_public_september_24.jpg/homepage_promo_public_september_24.jpg/galewww%3Asmall"/> <source srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/campaigns/expiring-campagins/homepage-promo/homepage_promo_public_september_24.jpg/homepage_promo_public_september_24.jpg/galewww%3Atile"/> <!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]--> <img alt="" class="img-responsive" width="100%" height="100%"> </picture> <h4 style="color:#000000;">Every Stage. Every Style. Every Goal.</h4> <p>Expand access to education opportunities and foster personal and professional growth with a suite of high-quality learning resources. Gale provides libraries with a range of accessible online programs to help patrons learn new skills, continue their educations, and transform their futures.</p> <button class="btn btn-link">Learn more »</button> </a> </td> </tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> <!--</div>--> </div> </section> <section class="main-section gale-section main-section--no-padding-top"> <div class="container"> <!--<div class="row">--> <div class="collection-table" > <div class="collection-table"> <table class="table table-4"> <tbody><tr> <td > <a href="https://www.gale.com/thorndike/ylp/spanish" data-wa-event-category="PromoCat_view-catalog" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="Empower English Learners" target="_blank"> <picture> <!--[if IE 9]> <video style="display: none;"><![endif]--> <source media="(min-width: 900px)" srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/campaigns/perpetual-campagins/thorndike/striver-reader/got242872186-tde-sylp-spanish-ylp-launch-2023_1400x650_boy.jpg/got242872186-tde-sylp-spanish-ylp-launch-2023_1400x650_boy.jpg/galewww%3Atile"/> <source media="(max-width: 480px)" srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/campaigns/perpetual-campagins/thorndike/striver-reader/got242872186-tde-sylp-spanish-ylp-launch-2023_1400x650_boy.jpg/got242872186-tde-sylp-spanish-ylp-launch-2023_1400x650_boy.jpg/galewww%3Asmall"/> <source srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/campaigns/perpetual-campagins/thorndike/striver-reader/got242872186-tde-sylp-spanish-ylp-launch-2023_1400x650_boy.jpg/got242872186-tde-sylp-spanish-ylp-launch-2023_1400x650_boy.jpg/galewww%3Atile"/> <!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]--> <img alt="" class="img-responsive" width="100%" height="100%"> </picture> <h4 style="color:#000000;">Empower English Learners</h4> <p><span style="color:black">Seventeen award-winning, star-reviewed large print titles are now available in Spanish for readers </span><span style="color:black">age</span><span style="color:black"> 8 and up! </span></p> <p> </p> <button class="btn btn-link"><span class="icon download2"> </span>Shop Now »</button> </a> </td> <td > <a href="https://www.gale.com/schools/classroom" data-wa-event-category="PromoLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="Meet Curriculum Demands with Dynamic Supplemental Resources for the Classroom" target="_blank"> <picture> <!--[if IE 9]> <video style="display: none;"><![endif]--> <source media="(min-width: 900px)" srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/campaigns/expiring-campagins/homepage-promo/homepage_promo_schools_september.jpg/homepage_promo_schools_september.jpg/galewww%3Atile"/> <source media="(max-width: 480px)" srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/campaigns/expiring-campagins/homepage-promo/homepage_promo_schools_september.jpg/homepage_promo_schools_september.jpg/galewww%3Asmall"/> <source srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/campaigns/expiring-campagins/homepage-promo/homepage_promo_schools_september.jpg/homepage_promo_schools_september.jpg/galewww%3Atile"/> <!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]--> <img alt="" class="img-responsive" width="100%" height="100%"> </picture> <h4 style="color:FFFFFF;">Meet Curriculum Demands with Dynamic Supplemental Resources for the Classroom</h4> <p>Gale helps districts keep pace—in the moment and consistently over time. With relevant, up-to-date content and personalized instructional tools, our digital supplemental resources empower educators to deliver engaging lessons that spark curiosity and foster consistent learning experiences for English Language Arts, Social Studies, and Science.</p> <button class="btn btn-link">Learn More »</button> </a> </td> <td > <a href="https://www.gale.com/academic/event/hacking-history" data-wa-event-category="PromoLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="Join Our Free Digital Humanities Workshop" > <picture> <!--[if IE 9]> <video style="display: none;"><![endif]--> <source media="(min-width: 900px)" srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/campaigns/expiring-campagins/homepage-promo/homepage_promo_academic_hacking_history_event.jpg/homepage_promo_academic_hacking_history_event.jpg/galewww%3Atile"/> <source media="(max-width: 480px)" srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/campaigns/expiring-campagins/homepage-promo/homepage_promo_academic_hacking_history_event.jpg/homepage_promo_academic_hacking_history_event.jpg/galewww%3Asmall"/> <source srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/campaigns/expiring-campagins/homepage-promo/homepage_promo_academic_hacking_history_event.jpg/homepage_promo_academic_hacking_history_event.jpg/galewww%3Atile"/> <!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]--> <img alt="" class="img-responsive" width="100%" height="100%"> </picture> <h4 style="color:#000000;">Join Our Free Digital Humanities Workshop</h4> <p>Looking to accelerate digital humanities research on your campus—and have fun doing it? Join fellow faculty and librarians for Hacking History: The Gale DH Skills Workshop! On Dec. 5 for one day only, Gale is partnering with Loyola University Chicago for a free, hands-on workshop at their Lake Shore campus in downtown Chicago. Connect, collaborate, skill up—and you might big prizes!</p> <button class="btn btn-link">Register Now »</button> </a> </td> </tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> <!--</div>--> </div> </section> <section class="main-section gale-section color-cell-white"> <div class="container"> <!--<div class="row">--> <div class="col-lg-12"><h2 class="gale-h2 text-left">Explore Our Products</h2></div> <div class="col-xs-offset-1 col-xs-10 col-sm-offset-0 col-sm-4 col-lg-4 product-family-box"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 text-center"> <a href="/databases" class="btn btn-product-family" data-wa-event-category="FeatureLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="Databases"> <i class="icon icon-database"></i> <br> Databases </a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 text-center"> <p>Support your researchers with up-to-date, full-text magazines, newspapers, journals, periodicals, videos, and podcasts.</p> <a href="/databases" data-wa-event-category="FeatureLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="Databases"> See All Databases</a> <br/><br/> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-offset-1 col-xs-10 col-sm-offset-0 col-sm-4 col-lg-4 product-family-box"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 text-center"> <a href="/primary-sources" class="btn btn-product-family" data-wa-event-category="FeatureLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="Primary Sources"> <i class="icon icon-primary-sources"></i> <br> Primary<br/>Sources </a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 text-center"> <p>Enhance your institution’s ability to do deep research with rare primary source materials that are now at your fingertips digitally.</p> <a href="/primary-sources" data-wa-event-category="FeatureLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="Primary Sources"> Explore Primary Sources</a> <br/><br/> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-offset-1 col-xs-10 col-sm-offset-0 col-sm-4 col-lg-4 product-family-box"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 text-center"> <a href="/ebooks" class="btn btn-product-family" data-wa-event-category="FeatureLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="eBooks"> <i class="icon icon-ebook"></i> <br> eBooks </a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 text-center"> <p>The<em> Gale eBook</em> platform brings our extensive eBook collection to libraries—from foundational classics to new topical titles.</p> <a href="/ebooks" data-wa-event-category="FeatureLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="eBooks"> View All eBooks</a> <br/><br/> </div> </div> </div> <!--</div>--> </div> </section> <section class="main-section gale-section color-cell-white main-section--no-padding-top"> <div class="container"> <!--<div class="row">--> <div class="col-xs-offset-1 col-xs-10 col-sm-offset-0 col-sm-4 col-lg-4 product-family-box"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 text-center"> <a href="http://gale.com/thorndike" class="btn btn-product-family" data-wa-event-category="FeatureLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="Thorndike Large Print"> <i class="icon icon-thorndike"></i> <br> Thorndike<br/>Large<br/>Print </a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 text-center"> <p>Bestselling titles and authors in large print, across fiction (like mystery and westerns) and nonfiction (like history and lifestyle).</p> <a href="http://gale.com/thorndike" data-wa-event-category="FeatureLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="Thorndike Large Print"> Browse Large Print Titles</a> <br/><br/> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-offset-1 col-xs-10 col-sm-offset-0 col-sm-4 col-lg-4 product-family-box"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 text-center"> <a href="/elearning" class="btn btn-product-family" data-wa-event-category="FeatureLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="eLearning"> <i class="icon icon-graduation-cap"></i> <br> eLearning </a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 text-center"> <p>Learning solutions that support or provide full class curriculums and help to teach a wide range of disciplines.</p> <a href="/elearning" data-wa-event-category="FeatureLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="eLearning"> View eLearning Platforms</a> <br/><br/> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-offset-1 col-xs-10 col-sm-offset-0 col-sm-4 col-lg-4 product-family-box"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 text-center"> <a href="https://www.gale.com/s?result-type=ebooks&mediaType=Print" class="btn btn-product-family" data-wa-event-category="FeatureLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="Print"> <i class="icon icon-print-book"></i> <br> Print </a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 text-center"> <p>Explore over 5,000 reference, nonfiction, and fiction titles across multiple formats, including large print.</p> <a href="https://www.gale.com/s?result-type=ebooks&mediaType=Print" data-wa-event-category="FeatureLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="Print"> Browse Print Titles</a> <br/><br/> </div> </div> </div> <!--</div>--> </div> </section> <section class="jumbogale jumbogale--no-padding-bottom"> <div class="container"> <!--<div class="row">--> <div class="simple-content-block" > <h1 style="text-align:center">Are you a student or a researcher?</h1> <p style="margin-left:10vw; margin-right:10vw; text-align:center">Gale offers thousands of academic tools like databases, eBooks, primary source content, eLearning solutions, and more. See what's available at your library!</p> </div> <!--</div>--> </div> </section> <section class="jumbogale jumbogale--no-padding-top jumbogale--no-padding-bottom"> <div class="container"> <!--<div class="row">--> <!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Embedded Style Sheet</title> <style type="text/css"> a.green-btn{ font-size:16px; } @media only screen and (max-width:750px) { .green-btn { width: 100%; } a.green-btn{ font-size:13px; } } </style> </head> <body> <p style="text-align:center; "><a href="https://link.gale.com/apps/" class="btn green-btn" style="font-weight:normal; background-color:#d24204;border-color:#d24204;" data-wa-event-category="Button" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="Access content from your library|Banner"> <i class="icon icon-bank " style="font-weight:normal"> </i> Access Through Your Library >></a> </p> </body> </html> <!--</div>--> </div> </section> <section class="main-section gale-section color-cell-white"> <div class="container"> <!--<div class="row">--> <div class="col-xs-offset-1 col-sm-offset-0 col-lg-12"> <h2 class="gale-h2 text-left">The Gale Blog</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-offset-1 col-xs-10 col-sm-offset-0 col-sm-6 col-md-4"> <div class="market-box market-first clearfix"> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/understanding-epilepsy/" data-wa-event-category="PromoLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="Understanding Epilepsy"> <picture> <!--[if IE 9]> <video style="display: none;"><![endif]--> <source media="(min-width: 900px)" srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/blog-promo-images/epilepsy-banner-final.jpg/epilepsy-banner-final.jpg/galewww%3Atile"/> <source media="(max-width: 480px)" srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/blog-promo-images/epilepsy-banner-final.jpg/epilepsy-banner-final.jpg/galewww%3Asmall"/> <source srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/blog-promo-images/epilepsy-banner-final.jpg/epilepsy-banner-final.jpg/galewww%3Atile"/> <!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]--> <img alt="" class="img-responsive" width="100%" height="100%"> </picture> <h4 style="color:#ffffff;">Understanding Epilepsy</h4> <p>Epilepsy affects millions of people globally. By understanding its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments, we can raise awareness and help reduce the stigma around it. With ongoing research, there’s hope for ever-improving treatments and, eventually, a cure. See the<strong> epilepsy</strong> portal in the <em><strong>Gale Health and Wellness</strong></em> database for much more information.</p> <button class="btn btn-link">Understand Epilepsy »</button> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-offset-1 col-xs-10 col-sm-offset-0 col-sm-6 col-md-4"> <div class="market-box market-first clearfix"> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/make-learning-more-inclusive-in-your-library/" data-wa-event-category="PromoLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="Make Learning More Inclusive in Your Library"> <picture> <!--[if IE 9]> <video style="display: none;"><![endif]--> <source media="(min-width: 900px)" srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/blog-promo-images/gct253393981-pub-udemy-native-languages-courses-800x400-blog-banner.jpg/gct253393981-pub-udemy-native-languages-courses-800x400-blog-banner.jpg/galewww%3Atile"/> <source media="(max-width: 480px)" srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/blog-promo-images/gct253393981-pub-udemy-native-languages-courses-800x400-blog-banner.jpg/gct253393981-pub-udemy-native-languages-courses-800x400-blog-banner.jpg/galewww%3Asmall"/> <source srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/blog-promo-images/gct253393981-pub-udemy-native-languages-courses-800x400-blog-banner.jpg/gct253393981-pub-udemy-native-languages-courses-800x400-blog-banner.jpg/galewww%3Atile"/> <!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]--> <img alt="" class="img-responsive" width="100%" height="100%"> </picture> <h4 style="color:#ffffff;">Make Learning More Inclusive in Your Library</h4> <p>Public librarians strive to deliver equitable learning opportunities across diverse communities. The right online learning platform lets them cater to the needs of people with a variety of goals, schedules, and backgrounds. How can you ensure language barriers don’t hinder your patrons’ access to valuable learning resources? Offer access to content in their native language.</p> <button class="btn btn-link">Learn More »</button> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-offset-1 col-xs-10 col-sm-offset-0 col-sm-6 col-md-4"> <div class="market-box market-first clearfix"> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/add-some-sparkle-to-christmas-themed-lesson-plans/" data-wa-event-category="PromoLink" data-wa-event-name="Navigate" data-wa-event-label="Add Some Sparkle to Christmas-Themed Lesson Plans"> <picture> <!--[if IE 9]> <video style="display: none;"><![endif]--> <source media="(min-width: 900px)" srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/blog-promo-images/istock-1427205802-1.jpg/istock-1427205802-1.jpg/galewww%3Atile"/> <source media="(max-width: 480px)" srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/blog-promo-images/istock-1427205802-1.jpg/istock-1427205802-1.jpg/galewww%3Asmall"/> <source srcset="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/banners/blog-promo-images/istock-1427205802-1.jpg/istock-1427205802-1.jpg/galewww%3Atile"/> <!--[if IE 9]></video><![endif]--> <img alt="" class="img-responsive" width="100%" height="100%"> </picture> <h4 style="color:#ffffff;">Add Some Sparkle to Christmas-Themed Lesson Plans</h4> <p>It’s time to add <em><strong>Gale In Context: Elementary</strong></em> to your Christmas wish list: a kid-friendly research tool filled with holiday-themed content. Unwrap ready-made lesson plans and engaging classroom activities in one easy-to-navigate learning environment.</p> <button class="btn btn-link">Explore »</button> </a> </div> </div> <!--</div>--> </div> </section> <footer class="gale-footer"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="gale-footer__head row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div class="dropdown pull-left"> <h3 class="gale-footer__head__title" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span>GALE</span> <span class="text-highlighted"> <span> NORTH AMERICA </span> <span class="caret"></span> </span> </h3> <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dLabel"> <li class="dropdown-header">Set your region:</li> <li><a href="https://www.gale.com/intl" onclick="window.setCookie('g-region', 'uk', 'www.gale.com', '/', 256)" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="INTERNATIONAL">INTERNATIONAL</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gale.com/" onclick="window.setCookie('g-region', 'us', 'www.gale.com', '/', 256)" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="NORTH AMERICA">NORTH AMERICA</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gale.com/cn" onclick="window.setCookie('g-region', 'cn', 'www.gale.com', '/', 256)" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="CHINA">CHINA</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gale.com/jp" onclick="window.setCookie('g-region', 'jp', 'www.gale.com', '/', 256)" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="JAPAN">JAPAN</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gale.com/es" onclick="window.setCookie('g-region', 'es', 'www.gale.com', '/', 256)" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="LATIN AMERICA">LATIN AMERICA</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="gale-footer__head__scroll-top pull-right"> <div class="top-page page-scroll"> <a href="#top" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Top of page"> <i class="icon icon-angle-up"></i> <i>Top of page</i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="hidden-xs col-sm-2"> <div> <h4 class="gale-footer__main-menu">Company</h4> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li> <a href="/about" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Company > About">About</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.gale.com" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Company > Blog">Blog</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.gale.com/events" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Company > Events">Events</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.gale.com/newsroom" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Company > News">News</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.cengage.com/careers" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Company > Careers">Careers</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.gale.com/license" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Company > Partnerships">Partnerships</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.gale.com//generative-ai" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Company > Generative AI">Generative AI</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.gale.com/contact" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Company > Contact Us">Contact Us</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="hidden-xs col-sm-2"> <div> <h4 class="gale-footer__main-menu">Markets</h4> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li> <a href="/academic" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Markets > Academic">Academic</a> </li> <li> <a href="/schools" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Markets > Schools">Schools</a> </li> <li> <a href="/public" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Markets > Public">Public</a> </li> <li> <a href="/special" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Markets > Government + Special">Government + Special</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="hidden-xs col-sm-2"> <div> <h4 class="gale-footer__main-menu">Products</h4> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li> <a href="/primary-sources" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Products > Primary Sources">Primary Sources</a> </li> <li> <a href="/databases" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Products > Databases">Databases</a> </li> <li> <a href="/elearning" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Products > eLearning">eLearning</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.gale.com/gvrl" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Products > eBooks">eBooks</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.gale.com/s?result-type=ebooks&mediaType=Print" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Products > Print">Print</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://gale.com/thorndike" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Products > Thorndike Press">Thorndike Press</a> </li> <li> <a href="/five-star" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Products > Five Star">Five Star</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="hidden-xs col-sm-2"> <div> <h4 class="gale-footer__main-menu">Support</h4> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li> <a href="https://support.gale.com" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Support > Support Home">Support Home</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://support.gale.com/marketing" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Support > Market Your Products">Market Your Products</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cengage.com/repfinder/gale" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Support > Find Your Rep">Find Your Rep</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://support.gale.com/training" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Support > Training">Training</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://support.gale.com/technical" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Support > Tech Support">Tech Support</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://admin.galegroup.com/galeadmin/login.gale" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Support > Gale Admin">Gale Admin</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://info.cengage.com/LP%3D5633" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Support > Do Not Sell">Do Not Sell</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.gale.com/accessibility" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Support > Accessibility">Accessibility</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.gale.com//discovery-services" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Support > Discovery">Discovery</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-offset-0 col-xs-12 col-sm-4"> <h4>CONNECT WITH GALE</h4> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/GaleCengage/" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Social" data-wa-event-label="facebook"><i class="icon icon-social icon-gale-facebook"> </i><span class="sr-only">facebook</span></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/gale" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Social" data-wa-event-label="linkedin"><i class="icon icon-social icon-gale-linkedin"> </i><span class="sr-only">linkedin</span></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/galecengage" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Social" data-wa-event-label="twitter"><i class="icon icon-social icon-gale-x"> </i><span class="sr-only">twitter</span></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/GaleCengage" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Social" data-wa-event-label="youtube"><i class="icon icon-social icon-gale-youtube"> </i><span class="sr-only">youtube</span></a> </li> <br/> <li> <i>For quick support in the U.S. and Canada</i><br/> <a href="tel:1-800-877-4253" data-wa-event-category="Contact" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="1-800-877-4253">1-800-877-4253</a><br/> <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#d6b1b7bab3f8a2b3b5beb8bfb5b7baa5a3a6a6b9a4a296b5b3b8b1b7b1b3f8b5b9bb" data-wa-event-category="Contact" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="gale.technicalsupport@cengage.com"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="0f686e636a217b6a6c6761666c6e637c7a7f7f607d7b4f6c6a61686e686a216c6062">[email protected]</span></a><br/> </li> </ul> <div class="has-edit-button"></div> </div> <div class="visible-xs col-xs-12"> <h4>PRODUCTS</h4> <div class="col-xs-12 footer-nav-products"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-4"> <a href="/primary-sources" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Primary Sources"> <i class="icon icon-primary-sources"> </i> Primary<br/>Sources </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <a href="/databases" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Databases"> <i class="icon icon-database"> </i> Databases </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <a href="/elearning" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="eLearning"> <i class="icon icon-graduation-cap"> </i> eLearning </a> </div> </div><div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-4"> <a href="https://www.gale.com/gvrl" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="eBooks"> <i class="icon icon-ebook"> </i> eBooks </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <a href="https://www.gale.com/s?result-type=ebooks&mediaType=Print" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Print"> <i class="icon icon-print-book"> </i> Print </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <a href="http://gale.com/thorndike" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Thorndike Press"> <i class="icon icon-thorndike"> </i> Thorndike<br/>Press </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <a href="/five-star" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Five Star"> Five<br/>Star </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="visible-xs col-xs-12"> <h4>COMPANY</h4> <ul class="list-unstyled list-inline"> <!--&& child.getLocalParameter('Show On Moble')?? && child.getLocalParameter('Show On Mobile')=="true"--> <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="/about" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="About">About</a> </li> <!--&& child.getLocalParameter('Show On Moble')?? && child.getLocalParameter('Show On Mobile')=="true"--> <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="https://blog.gale.com/" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Blog">Blog</a> </li> <!--&& child.getLocalParameter('Show On Moble')?? && child.getLocalParameter('Show On Mobile')=="true"--> <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="https://www.gale.com/events" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Events">Events</a> </li> <!--&& child.getLocalParameter('Show On Moble')?? && child.getLocalParameter('Show On Mobile')=="true"--> <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="https://www.gale.com/newsroom" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="News">News</a> </li> <!--&& child.getLocalParameter('Show On Moble')?? && child.getLocalParameter('Show On Mobile')=="true"--> <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="http://www.cengage.com/careers/" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Careers">Careers</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="visible-xs col-xs-12"> <h4>MARKETS</h4> <ul class="list-unstyled list-inline"> <!--&& child.getLocalParameter('Show On Moble')?? && child.getLocalParameter('Show On Mobile')=="true"--> <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="/academic" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Academic">Academic</a> </li> <!--&& child.getLocalParameter('Show On Moble')?? && child.getLocalParameter('Show On Mobile')=="true"--> <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="/schools" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Schools">Schools</a> </li> <!--&& child.getLocalParameter('Show On Moble')?? && child.getLocalParameter('Show On Mobile')=="true"--> <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="/public" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Public">Public</a> </li> <!--&& child.getLocalParameter('Show On Moble')?? && child.getLocalParameter('Show On Mobile')=="true"--> <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="/special" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Government + Special">Government + Special</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="visible-xs col-xs-12"> <h4>SUPPORT</h4> <ul class="list-unstyled list-inline"> <!--&& child.getLocalParameter('Show On Moble')?? && child.getLocalParameter('Show On Mobile')=="true"--> <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="https://support.gale.com/" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Support Home">Support Home</a> </li> <!--&& child.getLocalParameter('Show On Moble')?? && child.getLocalParameter('Show On Mobile')=="true"--> <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="https://www.cengage.com/repfinder/gale/" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Find Your Rep">Find Your Rep</a> </li> <!--&& child.getLocalParameter('Show On Moble')?? && child.getLocalParameter('Show On Mobile')=="true"--> <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="http://support.gale.com/training/" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Training">Training</a> </li> <!--&& child.getLocalParameter('Show On Moble')?? && child.getLocalParameter('Show On Mobile')=="true"--> <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="https://info.cengage.com/LP=5633" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Do Not Sell">Do Not Sell</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <br> </div> </footer> <div class="sub-footer" id="bottom"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-4"> © 2024 Gale, part of <a href="https://www.cengagegroup.com/" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Cengage company" target="_blank"> Cengage Group </a> </div> <div class="col-sm-8 text-right"> <a href="https://www.cengage.com/legal/terms-gale" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Legal terms" target="_blank"> <strong>TERMS OF USE</strong></a> <span>|</span> <a href="https://www.cengage.com/privacy" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Legal privacy" target="_blank"> <strong>PRIVACY</strong></a> <span>|</span> <a href="https://www.gale.com/sitemap" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="SiteMap" target="_blank"> <strong>SITEMAP</strong></a> <span>|</span> <a href="https://www.gale.com/subscribe" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Feedback" target="_blank"> <strong>SUBSCRIBE</strong> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script src="/webfiles/1729675621577/gen/gale/js/main.js"></script> <script src="/binaries/content/assets/gale-us-en/javascript/gale.com-homepage-slider.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script> var cookieInfo = getCookie('g-region'); if (cookieInfo != "") { if (window.performance && window.performance.navigation.type == 2) { } else { } } else { $('#InternationalModal').modal('show'); } const contentBlocks = [ ...document.querySelectorAll('.simple-content-block') ]; contentBlocks.forEach( ( el ) => { const links = [ ...el.querySelectorAll('a') ]; links.forEach( a => { a.setAttribute('data-wa-event-category', 'SimpleDocLink'); a.setAttribute('data-wa-event-name', 'Navigate'); if ( a.innerText == '' ) { const images = a.getElementsByTagName('img'); const image = images.length ? images[0] : null; if (image != null) { a.setAttribute('data-wa-event-label', image.src.split("/").pop()); } } else { a.setAttribute('data-wa-event-label', a.innerText); } } ); } ); </script> </body> </html>