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emission</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: acoustic emission"> <meta name="keywords" content="acoustic emission"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="acoustic emission"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 628</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: acoustic emission</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">508</span> Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Direct Injection Diesel Engine Running on Rice Bran Oil / Diesel Fuel Blend</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.K.Venkanna">B.K.Venkanna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Venkataramana%20Reddy"> C. Venkataramana Reddy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Swati%20B%20Wadawadagi"> Swati B Wadawadagi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Triglycerides and their derivatives are considered as viable alternatives for diesel fuels. Rice bran oil is used as diesel fuel. Highly viscous rice bran oil can be reduced by blending it with diesel fuel. The present research is aimed to investigate experimentally the performance, exhaust emission and combustion characteristics of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine, typically used in agricultural sector, over the entire load range when fuelled with rice bran oil and diesel fuel blends, RB10 (10% rice bran oil + 90% diesel fuel) to RB50. The performance, emission and combustion parameters of RB20 were found to be very close to neat diesel fuel (ND). The injector opening pressure (IOP) undoubtedly is of prime importance in diesel engine operation. Performance, emission and combustion characteristics with RB30 at enhanced IOPs are better than ND. Improved premixed heat release rate were noticed with RB30 when the IOP is enhanced.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rice%20bran%20oil" title="Rice bran oil">Rice bran oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=injector%20opening%20pressure" title=" injector opening pressure"> injector opening pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=emissions." title=" emissions."> emissions.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8273/performance-emission-and-combustion-characteristics-of-direct-injection-diesel-engine-running-on-rice-bran-oil-diesel-fuel-blend" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8273/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8273/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8273/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8273/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8273/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8273/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8273/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8273/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8273/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8273/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">507</span> Effects of Free-Hanging Horizontal Sound Absorbers on the Cooling Performance of Thermally Activated Building Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20Marcos%20Dom%C3%ADnguez">L. Marcos Domínguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nils%20Rage"> Nils Rage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ongun%20B.%20Kazanci"> Ongun B. Kazanci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bjarne%20W.%20Olesen"> Bjarne W. Olesen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermally Activated Building Systems (TABS) have proven to be an energy-efficient solution to provide buildings with an optimal indoor thermal environment. This solution uses the structure of the building to store heat, reduce the peak loads, and decrease the primary energy demand. TABS require the heated or cooled surfaces to be as exposed as possible to the indoor space, but exposing the bare concrete surfaces has a diminishing effect on the acoustic qualities of the spaces in a building. Acoustic solutions capable of providing optimal acoustic comfort and allowing the heat exchange between the TABS and the room are desirable. In this study, the effects of free-hanging units on the cooling performance of TABS and the occupants’ thermal comfort was measured in a full-scale TABS laboratory. Investigations demonstrate that the use of free-hanging sound absorbers are compatible with the performance of TABS and the occupant’s thermal comfort, but an appropriate acoustic design is needed to find the most suitable solution for each case. The results show a reduction of 11% of the cooling performance of the TABS when 43% of the ceiling area is covered with free-hanging horizontal sound absorbers, of 23% for 60% ceiling coverage ratio and of 36% for 80% coverage. Measurements in actual buildings showed an increase of the room operative temperature of 0.3 K when 50% of the ceiling surface is covered with horizontal panels and of 0.8 to 1 K for a 70% coverage ratio. According to numerical simulations using a new TRNSYS Type, the use of comfort ventilation has a considerable influence on the thermal conditions in the room; if the ventilation is removed, then the operative temperature increases by 1.8 K for a 60%-covered ceiling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Acoustic%20comfort" title="Acoustic comfort">Acoustic comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=concrete%20core%20activation" title=" concrete core activation"> concrete core activation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=full-scale%20measurements" title=" full-scale measurements"> full-scale measurements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermally%20activated%20building%20systems" title=" thermally activated building systems"> thermally activated building systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=TRNSYS." title=" TRNSYS."> TRNSYS.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006220/effects-of-free-hanging-horizontal-sound-absorbers-on-the-cooling-performance-of-thermally-activated-building-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006220/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006220/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006220/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006220/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006220/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006220/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006220/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006220/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006220/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006220/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006220.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">506</span> Influence of Axial Magnetic Field on the Electrical Breakdown and Secondary Electron Emission in Plane-Parallel Plasma Discharge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sabah%20I.%20Wais">Sabah I. Wais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Raghad%20Y.%20Mohammed"> Raghad Y. Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sedki%20O.%20Yousif"> Sedki O. Yousif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of axial magnetic field (B=0.48 T) on the variation of ionization efficiency coefficient h and secondary electron emission coefficient g with respect to reduced electric field E/P is studied at a new range of plane-parallel electrode spacing (0< d< 20 cm) and different nitrogen working pressure between 0.5-20 Pa. The axial magnetic field is produced from an inductive copper coil of radius 5.6 cm. The experimental data of breakdown voltage is adopted to estimate the mean Paschen curves at different working features. The secondary electron emission coefficient is calculated from the mean Paschen curve and used to determine the minimum breakdown voltage. A reduction of discharge voltage of about 25% is investigated by the applied of axial magnetic field. At high interelectrode spacing, the effect of axial magnetic field becomes more significant for the obtained values of h but it was less for the values of g. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Paschen%20curve" title="Paschen curve">Paschen curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Townsend%20coefficient" title=" Townsend coefficient"> Townsend coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Secondaryelectron%20emission" title=" Secondaryelectron emission"> Secondaryelectron emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Magnetic%20field" title=" Magnetic field"> Magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Minimum%20breakdown%20voltage." title=" Minimum breakdown voltage."> Minimum breakdown voltage.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7325/influence-of-axial-magnetic-field-on-the-electrical-breakdown-and-secondary-electron-emission-in-plane-parallel-plasma-discharge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7325/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7325/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7325/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7325/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7325/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7325/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7325/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7325/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7325/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7325/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2613</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">505</span> Time-Delay Estimation Using Cross-ΨB-Energy Operator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Z.%20Saidi">Z. Saidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.O.%20Boudraa"> A.O. Boudraa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.C.%20Cexus"> J.C. Cexus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Bourennane"> S. Bourennane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a new time-delay estimation technique based on the cross IB-energy operator [5] is introduced. This quadratic energy detector measures how much a signal is present in another one. The location of the peak of the energy operator, corresponding to the maximum of interaction between the two signals, is the estimate of the delay. The method is a fully data-driven approach. The discrete version of the continuous-time form of the cross IBenergy operator, for its implementation, is presented. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on real underwater acoustic signals arriving from targets and the results compared to the cross-correlation method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Teager-Kaiser%20energy%20operator" title="Teager-Kaiser energy operator">Teager-Kaiser energy operator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cross-energyoperator" title=" Cross-energyoperator"> Cross-energyoperator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Time-Delay" title=" Time-Delay"> Time-Delay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Underwater%20acoustic%20signals." title=" Underwater acoustic signals."> Underwater acoustic signals.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2606/time-delay-estimation-using-cross-psb-energy-operator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2606/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2606/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2606/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2606/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2606/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2606/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2606/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2606/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2606/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2606/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">5648</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">504</span> Reducing Greenhouse Gasses Emissions by Recyclable Material Bank Project in Universities of Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ronbanchob%20Apiratikul">Ronbanchob Apiratikul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This research studied recycled wastes by Recyclable Material Bank project of 17 universities of Thailand for evaluation of reducing greenhouse gasses emission compared with landfilling activity during January 2011 to December 2011. The results showed that the projects collected total amount of recyclable wastes about 1,626.917 metric ton. The office paper has the largest amount among these recycled wastes (55.61 % of total recycled wastes). Groups of recycled waste can be prioritized from high to low according to their amount as paper, plastic, glass, mixed recyclables and metal, respectively. The project reduced greenhouse gasses emission equivalent to about 5,263.481 metric ton of carbon dioxide. The most significant recycled waste that affects the reduction of greenhouse gasses emission is office paper which is 73.45% of total reduced greenhouse gasses emission. According to amount of reduced greenhouse gasses emission, groups of recycled waste can be prioritized from high to low significances as paper, plastic, metal, mixed recyclables and glass, respectively.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=recycling" title="recycling">recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=garbage%20bank" title=" garbage bank"> garbage bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=recyclable%20wastes" title=" recyclable wastes"> recyclable wastes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=greenhouse%20gasses" title=" greenhouse gasses"> greenhouse gasses</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5407/reducing-greenhouse-gasses-emissions-by-recyclable-material-bank-project-in-universities-of-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5407/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5407/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5407/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5407/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5407/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5407/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5407/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5407/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5407/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5407/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">503</span> Vortex Shedding at the End of Parallel-plate Thermoacoustic Stack in the Oscillatory Flow Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lei%20Shi">Lei Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zhibin%20Yu"> Zhibin Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Artur%20J.%20Jaworski"> Artur J. Jaworski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdulrahman%20S.%20Abduljalil"> Abdulrahman S. Abduljalil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates vortex shedding processes occurring at the end of a stack of parallel plates, due to an oscillating flow induced by an acoustic standing wave within an acoustic resonator. Here, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is used to quantify the vortex shedding processes within an acoustic cycle phase-by-phase, in particular during the “ejection" of the fluid out of the stack. Standard hot-wire anemometry measurement is also applied to detect the velocity fluctuations near the end of the stack. Combination of these two measurement techniques allowed a detailed analysis of the vortex shedding phenomena. The results obtained show that, as the Reynolds number varies (by varying the plate thickness and drive ratio), different flow patterns of vortex shedding are observed by the PIV measurement. On the other hand, the time-dependent hot-wire measurements allow obtaining detailed frequency spectra of the velocity signal, used for calculating characteristic Strouhal numbers. The impact of the plate thickness and the Reynolds number on the vortex shedding pattern has been discussed. Furthermore, a detailed map of the relationship between the Strouhal number and Reynolds number has been obtained and discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Oscillatory%20flow" title="Oscillatory flow">Oscillatory flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Parallel-plate%20thermoacoustic%20stack" title=" Parallel-plate thermoacoustic stack"> Parallel-plate thermoacoustic stack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Strouhal%20numbers" title=" Strouhal numbers"> Strouhal numbers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vortex%20shedding." title=" Vortex shedding."> Vortex shedding.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10616/vortex-shedding-at-the-end-of-parallel-plate-thermoacoustic-stack-in-the-oscillatory-flow-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10616/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10616/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10616/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10616/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10616/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10616/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10616/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10616/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10616/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10616/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10616.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1884</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">502</span> Comparative Embodied Carbon Analysis of the Prefabrication Elements Compared with In-situ Elements in Residential Building Development of Hong Kong</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Felix%20Wong">Felix Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=YT%20Tang"> YT Tang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper reviews the greenhouse gas emissions of prefabrication elements for residential development in Hong Kong. Prefabrication becomes a common practice in residential development in Hong Kong and is considered as a green approach. In Hong Kong, prefabrication took place at factories in Pearl River Delta. Although prefabrication reduces construction wastage, it might generate more greenhouse gas emission from transportation and manufacturing processes. This study attempts to measure the “cradle to site" greenhouse gas emission from prefabrication elements for a public housing development in Kai Tak area. The findings could help further reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through process improvement.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Prefabrication" title="Prefabrication">Prefabrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=greenhouse%20gas%20emission" title=" greenhouse gas emission"> greenhouse gas emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cradle-tosite" title=" cradle-tosite"> cradle-tosite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=residential%20development." title=" residential development."> residential development.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13145/comparative-embodied-carbon-analysis-of-the-prefabrication-elements-compared-with-in-situ-elements-in-residential-building-development-of-hong-kong" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13145/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13145/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13145/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13145/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13145/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13145/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13145/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13145/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13145/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13145/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13145.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1810</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">501</span> Neural Networks-Based Acoustic Annoyance Model for Laptop Hard Disk Drive</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yi%20Chao%20Ma">Yi Chao Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cheng%20Siong%20Chin"> Cheng Siong Chin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wai%20Lok%20Woo"> Wai Lok Woo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the last decade, there has been a rapid growth in digital multimedia, such as high-resolution media files and threedimentional movies. Hence, there is a need for large digital storage such as Hard Disk Drive (HDD). As such, users expect to have a quieter HDD in their laptop. In this paper, a jury test has been conducted on a group of 34 people where 17 of them are students who are the potential consumer, and the remaining are engineers who know the HDD. A total 13 HDD sound samples have been selected from over hundred HDD noise recordings. These samples are selected based on an agreed subjective feeling. The samples are played to the participants using head acoustic playback system, which enabled them to experience as similar as possible the same environment as have been recorded. Analysis has been conducted and the obtained results have indicated different group has different perception over the noises. Two neural network-based acoustic annoyance models are established based on back propagation neural network. Four psychoacoustic metrics, loudness, sharpness, roughness and fluctuation strength, are used as the input of the model, and the subjective evaluation results are taken as the output. The developed models are reasonably accurate in simulating both training and test samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hard%20disk%20drive%20noise" title="Hard disk drive noise">Hard disk drive noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=jury%20test" title=" jury test"> jury test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=neural%20network%0D%0Amodel" title=" neural network model"> neural network model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=psychoacoustic%20annoyance." title=" psychoacoustic annoyance."> psychoacoustic annoyance.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002657/neural-networks-based-acoustic-annoyance-model-for-laptop-hard-disk-drive" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002657/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002657/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002657/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002657/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002657/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002657/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002657/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002657/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002657/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002657/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002657.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">500</span> Advances in Artificial Intelligence Using Speech Recognition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khaled%20M.%20Alhawiti">Khaled M. Alhawiti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research study aims to present a retrospective study about speech recognition systems and artificial intelligence. Speech recognition has become one of the widely used technologies, as it offers great opportunity to interact and communicate with automated machines. Precisely, it can be affirmed that speech recognition facilitates its users and helps them to perform their daily routine tasks, in a more convenient and effective manner. This research intends to present the illustration of recent technological advancements, which are associated with artificial intelligence. Recent researches have revealed the fact that speech recognition is found to be the utmost issue, which affects the decoding of speech. In order to overcome these issues, different statistical models were developed by the researchers. Some of the most prominent statistical models include acoustic model (AM), language model (LM), lexicon model, and hidden Markov models (HMM). The research will help in understanding all of these statistical models of speech recognition. Researchers have also formulated different decoding methods, which are being utilized for realistic decoding tasks and constrained artificial languages. These decoding methods include pattern recognition, acoustic phonetic, and artificial intelligence. It has been recognized that artificial intelligence is the most efficient and reliable methods, which are being used in speech recognition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Speech%20recognition" title="Speech recognition">Speech recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=acoustic%20phonetic" title=" acoustic phonetic"> acoustic phonetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=artificial%0D%0Aintelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hidden%20Markov%20Models%20%28HMM%29" title=" Hidden Markov Models (HMM)"> Hidden Markov Models (HMM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=statistical%20models%20of%0D%0Aspeech%20recognition" title=" statistical models of speech recognition"> statistical models of speech recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=human%20machine%20performance." title=" human machine performance."> human machine performance.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001552/advances-in-artificial-intelligence-using-speech-recognition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001552/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001552/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001552/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001552/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001552/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001552/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001552/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001552/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001552/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001552/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">7978</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">499</span> Highly Efficient Silicon Photomultiplier for Positron Emission Tomography Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fei%20Sun">Fei Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ning%20Duan"> Ning Duan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Guo-Qiang%20Lo"> Guo-Qiang Lo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) was designed, fabricated and characterized. The SiPM was based on SACM (Separation of Absorption, Charge and Multiplication) structure, which was optimized for blue light detection in application of positron emission tomography (PET). The achieved SiPM array has a high geometric fill factor of 64% and a low breakdown voltage of about 22V, while the temperature dependence of breakdown voltage is only 17mV/°C. The gain and photon detection efficiency of the device achieved were also measured under illumination of light at 405nm and 460nm wavelengths. The gain of the device is in the order of 10<sup>6</sup>. The photon detection efficiency up to 60% has been observed under 1.8V overvoltage.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Photon%20Detection%20Efficiency" title="Photon Detection Efficiency">Photon Detection Efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Positron%20Emission%20Tomography" title=" Positron Emission Tomography"> Positron Emission Tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Silicon%20Photomultiplier." title=" Silicon Photomultiplier."> Silicon Photomultiplier.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16652/highly-efficient-silicon-photomultiplier-for-positron-emission-tomography-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16652/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16652/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16652/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16652/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16652/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16652/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16652/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16652/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16652/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16652/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16652.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1739</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">498</span> Assessment of the Occupancy’s Effect on Speech Intelligibility in Al-Madinah Holy Mosque</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wasim%20Orfali">Wasim Orfali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hesham%20Tolba"> Hesham Tolba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research investigates the acoustical characteristics of Al-Madinah Holy Mosque. Extensive field measurements were conducted in different locations of Al-Madinah Holy Mosque to characterize its acoustic characteristics. The acoustical characteristics are usually evaluated by the use of objective parameters in unoccupied rooms due to practical considerations. However, under normal conditions, the room occupancy can vary such characteristics due to the effect of the additional sound absorption present in the room or by the change in signal-to-noise ratio. Based on the acoustic measurements carried out in Al-Madinah Holy Mosque with and without occupancy, and the analysis of such measurements, the existence of acoustical deficiencies has been confirmed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Worship%20sound" title="Worship sound">Worship sound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Al-Madinah%20Holy%20Mosque" title=" Al-Madinah Holy Mosque"> Al-Madinah Holy Mosque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mosque%0D%0Aacoustics" title=" mosque acoustics"> mosque acoustics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=speech%20intelligibility." title=" speech intelligibility."> speech intelligibility.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009482/assessment-of-the-occupancys-effect-on-speech-intelligibility-in-al-madinah-holy-mosque" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009482/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009482/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009482/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009482/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009482/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009482/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009482/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009482/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009482/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009482/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">730</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">497</span> Real-World PM, PN and NOx Emission Differences among DOC+CDPF Retrofit Diesel-, Diesel- and Natural Gas-Fueled Buses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zhiwen%20Yang">Zhiwen Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jingyuan%20Li"> Jingyuan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zhenkai%20Xie"> Zhenkai Xie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jian%20Ling"> Jian Ling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jiguang%20Wang"> Jiguang Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mengliang%20Li"> Mengliang Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>To reflect the influence of after-treatment system retrofit and natural gas-fueled vehicle replace on exhaust emissions emitted by urban buses, a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) was employed herein to conduct real driving emission measurements. This study investigated the differences in particle number (PN), particle mass (PM), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from a China IV diesel bus retrofitted by catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF), a China IV diesel bus, and a China V natural gas bus. The results show that both tested diesel buses possess markedly advantages in NOx emission control when compared to the lean-burn natural gas bus equipped without any NOx after-treatment system. As to PN and PM, only the DOC+CDPF retrofitting diesel bus exhibits enormous benefits on emission control related to the natural gas bus, especially the normal diesel bus. Meanwhile, the differences in PM and PN emissions between retrofitted and normal diesel buses generally increase with the increase in vehicle specific power (VSP). Furthermore, the differences in PM emissions, especially those in the higher VSP ranges, are more significant than those in PN. In addition, the maximum peak PN particle size (32 nm) of the retrofitted diesel bus was significantly lower than that of the normal diesel bus (100 nm). These phenomena indicate that the CDPF retrofitting can effectively reduce diesel bus exhaust particle emissions, especially those with large particle sizes.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CDPF" title="CDPF">CDPF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=diesel" title=" diesel"> diesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=natural%20gas" title=" natural gas"> natural gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=real-world%20emissions." title=" real-world emissions."> real-world emissions.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012635/real-world-pm-pn-and-nox-emission-differences-among-doccdpf-retrofit-diesel-diesel-and-natural-gas-fueled-buses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012635/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012635/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012635/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012635/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012635/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012635/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012635/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012635/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012635/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012635/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012635.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">496</span> A Study of Standing-Wave Thermoacoustic Refrigerator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Patcharin%20Saechan">Patcharin Saechan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Isares%20Dhuchakallaya"> Isares Dhuchakallaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermoacoustic refrigerator is a cooling device which uses the acoustic waves to produce the cooling effect. The aim of this paper is to explore the experimental and numerical feasibility of a standing-wave thermoacoustic refrigerator. The effects of the stack length, position of stack and operating frequency on the cooling performance are carried out. The circular pore stacks are tested under the atmospheric pressure. A low-cost loudspeaker is used as an acoustic driver. The results show that the location of stack installed in resonator tube has a greater effect on the cooling performance, than the stack length and operating frequency, respectively. The temperature difference across the ends of stack can be generated up to 13.7°C, and the temperature of cold-end is dropped down by 5.3°C from the ambient temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cooling%20performance" title="Cooling performance">Cooling performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Refrigerator" title=" Refrigerator"> Refrigerator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Standing-wave" title=" Standing-wave"> Standing-wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thermoacoustics." title=" Thermoacoustics."> Thermoacoustics.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003074/a-study-of-standing-wave-thermoacoustic-refrigerator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003074/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003074/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003074/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003074/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003074/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003074/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003074/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003074/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003074/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003074/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003074.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">495</span> Numerical Study of Oxygen Enrichment on NO Pollution Spread in a Combustion Chamber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zohreh%20Orshesh">Zohreh Orshesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a 3D combustion chamber was simulated using FLUENT 6.32. Aim to obtain detailed information on combustion characteristics and _ nitrogen oxides in the furnace and the effect of oxygen enrichment in a combustion process. Oxygenenriched combustion is an effective way to reduce emissions. This paper analyzes NO emission, including thermal NO and prompt NO. Flow rate ratio of air to fuel is varied as 1.3, 3.2 and 5.1 and the oxygen enriched flow rates are 28, 54 and 68 lit/min. The 3D Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations with standard k-ε turbulence model are solved together by Fluent 6.32 software. First order upwind scheme is used to model governing equations and the SIMPLE algorithm is used as pressure velocity coupling. Results show that for AF=1.3, increase the oxygen flow rate of oxygen reduction in NO emissions is Lance. Moreover, in a fixed oxygen enrichment condition, increasing the air to fuel ratio will increase the temperature peak, but not the NO emission rate. As a result, oxygen enrichment can reduce the NO emission at this kind of furnace in low air to fuel rates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Combustion%20chamber" title="Combustion chamber">Combustion chamber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Oxygen%20enrichment" title=" Oxygen enrichment"> Oxygen enrichment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reynolds%0AAveraged%20Navier-%20Stokes" title=" Reynolds Averaged Navier- Stokes"> Reynolds Averaged Navier- Stokes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=NO%20emission" title=" NO emission"> NO emission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1881/numerical-study-of-oxygen-enrichment-on-no-pollution-spread-in-a-combustion-chamber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1881/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1881/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1881/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1881/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1881/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1881/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1881/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1881/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1881/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1881/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1636</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">494</span> Continuous Feature Adaptation for Non-Native Speech Recognition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20Deng">Y. Deng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=X.%20Li"> X. Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Kwan"> C. Kwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Raj"> B. Raj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Stern"> R. Stern</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current speech interfaces in many military applications may be adequate for native speakers. However, the recognition rate drops quite a lot for non-native speakers (people with foreign accents). This is mainly because the nonnative speakers have large temporal and intra-phoneme variations when they pronounce the same words. This problem is also complicated by the presence of large environmental noise such as tank noise, helicopter noise, etc. In this paper, we proposed a novel continuous acoustic feature adaptation algorithm for on-line accent and environmental adaptation. Implemented by incremental singular value decomposition (SVD), the algorithm captures local acoustic variation and runs in real-time. This feature-based adaptation method is then integrated with conventional model-based maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) algorithm. Extensive experiments have been performed on the NATO non-native speech corpus with baseline acoustic model trained on native American English. The proposed feature-based adaptation algorithm improved the average recognition accuracy by 15%, while the MLLR model based adaptation achieved 11% improvement. The corresponding word error rate (WER) reduction was 25.8% and 2.73%, as compared to that without adaptation. The combined adaptation achieved overall recognition accuracy improvement of 29.5%, and WER reduction of 31.8%, as compared to that without adaptation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=speaker%20adaptation%3B%20environment%20adaptation%3B%0Arobust%20speech%20recognition%3B%20SVD%3B%20non-native%20speech%20recognition" title="speaker adaptation; environment adaptation; robust speech recognition; SVD; non-native speech recognition">speaker adaptation; environment adaptation; robust speech recognition; SVD; non-native speech recognition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1192/continuous-feature-adaptation-for-non-native-speech-recognition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1192/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1192/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1192/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1192/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1192/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1192/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1192/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1192/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1192/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1192/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">493</span> Acoustic and Flow Field Analysis of a Perforated Muffler Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zeynep%20Parlar">Zeynep Parlar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=%C5%9Eeng%C3%BCl%20Ari"> Şengül Ari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R%C4%B1fat%20Yilmaz"> Rıfat Yilmaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Erdem%20%C3%96zdemir"> Erdem Özdemir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Arda%20Kahraman"> Arda Kahraman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>New regulations and standards for noise emission increasingly compel the automotive firms to make some improvements about decreasing the engine noise. Nowadays, the perforated reactive mufflers which have an effective damping capability are specifically used for this purpose. New designs should be analyzed with respect to both acoustics and back pressure. In this study, a reactive perforated muffler is investigated numerically and experimentally. For an acoustical analysis, the transmission loss which is independent of sound source of the present cross flow, the perforated muffler was analyzed by COMSOL. To be able to validate the numerical results, transmission loss was measured experimentally. Back pressure was obtained based on the flow field analysis and was also compared with experimental results. Numerical results have an approximate error of 20% compared to experimental results.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Back%20Pressure" title="Back Pressure">Back Pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Perforated%20Muffler" title=" Perforated Muffler"> Perforated Muffler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Transmission%0D%0ALoss." title=" Transmission Loss."> Transmission Loss.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11998/acoustic-and-flow-field-analysis-of-a-perforated-muffler-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11998/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11998/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11998/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11998/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11998/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11998/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11998/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11998/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11998/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11998/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">492</span> Low-Temperature Luminescence Spectroscopy of Violet Sr-Al-O:Eu2+ Phosphor Particles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Keiji%20Komatsu">Keiji Komatsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hayato%20Maruyama"> Hayato Maruyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ariyuki%20Kato"> Ariyuki Kato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Atsushi%20Nakamura"> Atsushi Nakamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shigeo%20Ohshio"> Shigeo Ohshio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hiroki%20Akasaka"> Hiroki Akasaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hidetoshi%20Saitoh"> Hidetoshi Saitoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Violet Sr–Al–O:Eu2+ phosphor particles were synthesized from a metal–ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution of Sr, Al, Eu, and particulate alumina via spray drying and sintering in a reducing atmosphere. The crystal structures and emission properties at 85–300 K were investigated. The composition of the violet Sr–Al–O:Eu2+ phosphor particles was determined from various Sr–Al–O:Eu2+ phosphors by their emission properties’ dependence on temperature. The highly crystalline SrAl12O19:Eu2+ emission phases were confirmed by their crystallite sizes and the activation energies for the 4f5d–8S7/2 transition of the Eu2+ ion. These results showed that the material identification for the violet Sr–Al–O:Eu2+ phosphor was accomplished by the low-temperature luminescence measurements.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Low%20temperature%20luminescence%20spectroscopy" title="Low temperature luminescence spectroscopy">Low temperature luminescence spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Material%20Identification" title=" Material Identification"> Material Identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Strontium%20aluminates%20phosphor." title=" Strontium aluminates phosphor."> Strontium aluminates phosphor.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000049/low-temperature-luminescence-spectroscopy-of-violet-sr-al-oeu2-phosphor-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000049/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000049/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000049/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000049/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000049/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000049/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000049/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000049/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000049/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000049/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000049.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">491</span> Optical Characterization of a Microwave Plasma Torch for Hydrogen Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Babajide%20O.%20Ogungbesan">Babajide O. Ogungbesan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rajneesh%20Kumar"> Rajneesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Sassi"> Mohamed Sassi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a very toxic gas that is produced in very large quantities in the oil and gas industry. It cannot be flared to the atmosphere and Claus process based gas plants are used to recover the sulfur and convert the hydrogen to water. In this paper, we present optical characterization of an atmospheric pressure microwave plasma torch for H2S dissociation into hydrogen and sulfur. The torch is operated at 2.45 GHz with power up to 2 kW. Three different gases can simultaneously be injected in the plasma torch. Visual imaging and optical emission spectroscopy are used to characterize the plasma for varying gas flow rates and microwave power. The plasma length, emission spectra and temperature are presented. The obtained experimental results validate our earlier published simulation results of plasma torch.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Atmospheric%20pressure%20microwave%20plasma" title="Atmospheric pressure microwave plasma">Atmospheric pressure microwave plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gas%20dissociation" title=" gas dissociation"> gas dissociation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optical%20emission%20spectroscopy." title=" optical emission spectroscopy."> optical emission spectroscopy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12575/optical-characterization-of-a-microwave-plasma-torch-for-hydrogen-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12575/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12575/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12575/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12575/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12575/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12575/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12575/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12575/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12575/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12575/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12575.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">490</span> Acoustic and Thermal Isolation Performance Comparison between Recycled and Ceramic Roof Tiles Using Digital Holographic Interferometry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Araceli%20S%C3%A1nchez">A. Araceli Sánchez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Manuel%20H.%20De%20la%20Torre"> I. Manuel H. De la Torre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Fernando%20Mendoza"> S. Fernando Mendoza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Cesar%20Tavera"> R. Cesar Tavera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Manuel%20de%20J.%20Briones"> R. Manuel de J. Briones</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recycling, as part of any sustainable environment, is continuously evolving and impacting on new materials in manufacturing. One example of this is the recycled solid waste of Tetra Pak ™ packaging, which is a highly pollutant waste as it is not biodegradable since it is manufactured with different materials. The Tetra Pak ™ container consists of thermally joined layers of paper, aluminum and polyethylene. Once disposed, this packaging is recycled by completely separating the paperboard from the rest of the materials. The aluminum and the polyethylene remain together and are used to create the poly-aluminum, which is widely used to manufacture roof tiles. These recycled tiles have different thermal and acoustic properties compared with traditional manufactured ceramic and cement tiles. In this work, we compare a group of tiles using nondestructive optical testing to measure the superficial micro deformations of the tiles under well controlled experiments. The results of the acoustic and thermal tests show remarkable differences between the recycled tile and the traditional ones. These results help to determine which tile could be better suited to the specific environmental conditions in countries where extreme climates, ranging from tropical, desert-like, to very cold are experienced throughout the year. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Digital%20holographic%20interferometry" title="Digital holographic interferometry">Digital holographic interferometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nondestructive%20testing" title=" nondestructive testing"> nondestructive testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=recycled" title=" recycled"> recycled</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sustainable" title=" sustainable"> sustainable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermal%20study." title=" thermal study."> thermal study.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003970/acoustic-and-thermal-isolation-performance-comparison-between-recycled-and-ceramic-roof-tiles-using-digital-holographic-interferometry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003970/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003970/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003970/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003970/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003970/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003970/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003970/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003970/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003970/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003970/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003970.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">489</span> Measurement of Acoustic Loss in Nano-Layered Coating Developed for Thermal Noise Reduction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Cesarini">E. Cesarini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Lorenzini"> M. Lorenzini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Cardarelli"> R. Cardarelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Chao"> S. Chao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Coccia"> E. Coccia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20Fafone"> V. Fafone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20Minenkow"> Y. Minenkow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Nardecchia"> I. Nardecchia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20M.%20Pinto"> I. M. Pinto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Rocchi"> A. Rocchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20Sequino"> V. Sequino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Taranto"> C. Taranto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Structural relaxation processes in optical coatings represent a fundamental limit to the sensitivity of gravitational waves detectors, MEMS, optical metrology and entangled state experiments. To face this problem, many research lines are now active, in particular the characterization of new materials and novel solutions to be employed as coatings in future gravitational wave detectors. Nano-layered coating deposition is among the most promising techniques. We report on the measurement of acoustic loss of nm-layered composites (Ti<sub>2</sub>O/SiO<sub>2</sub>), performed with the GeNS nodal suspension, compared with sputtered λ/4 thin films nowadays employed.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mechanical%20measurement" title="Mechanical measurement">Mechanical measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nanomaterials" title=" nanomaterials"> nanomaterials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optical%20coating" title=" optical coating"> optical coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermal%20noise." title=" thermal noise."> thermal noise.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004463/measurement-of-acoustic-loss-in-nano-layered-coating-developed-for-thermal-noise-reduction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004463/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004463/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004463/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004463/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004463/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004463/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004463/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004463/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004463/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004463/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1831</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">488</span> Light Emission Enhancement of Silicon Nanocrystals by Gold Layer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Karmouch">R. Karmouch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A thin gold metal layer was deposited on the top of silicon oxide films containing embedded Si nanocrystals (Si-nc). The sample was annealed in a gas containing nitrogen, and subsequently characterized by photoluminescence. We obtained 3-fold enhancement of photon emission from the Si-nc embedded in silicon dioxide covered with a Gold layer as compared with an uncovered sample. We attribute this enhancement to the increase of the spontaneous emission rate caused by the coupling of the Si-nc emitters with the surface plasmons (SP). The evolution of PL emission with laser irradiated time was also collected from covered samples, and compared to that from uncovered samples. In an uncovered sample, the PL intensity decreases with time, approximately with two decay constants. Although the decrease of the initial PL intensity associated with the increase of sample temperature under CW pumping is still observed in samples covered with a gold layer, this film significantly contributes to reduce the permanent deterioration of the PL intensity. The resistance to degradation of light-emitting silicon nanocrystals can be increased by SP coupling to suppress the permanent deterioration. Controlling the permanent photodeterioration can allow to perform a reliable optical gain measurement.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Photodeterioration" title="Photodeterioration">Photodeterioration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Silicon%20Nanocrystals" title=" Silicon Nanocrystals"> Silicon Nanocrystals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ion%0D%0AImplantation" title=" Ion Implantation"> Ion Implantation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Photoluminescence" title=" Photoluminescence"> Photoluminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Surface%20Plasmons." title=" Surface Plasmons."> Surface Plasmons.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997524/light-emission-enhancement-of-silicon-nanocrystals-by-gold-layer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997524/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997524/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997524/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997524/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997524/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997524/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997524/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997524/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997524/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997524/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1868</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">487</span> The Emission Spectra Due to Exciton-Exciton Collisions in GaAs/AlGaAs Quantum Well System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Surendra%20K%20Pandey">Surendra K Pandey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Optical emission based on excitonic scattering processes becomes important in dense exciton systems in which the average distance between excitons is of the order of a few Bohr radii but still below the exciton screening threshold. The phenomena due to interactions among excited states play significant role in the emission near band edge of the material. The theory of two-exciton collisions for GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well systems is a mild attempt to understand the physics associated with the optical spectra due to excitonic scattering processes in these novel systems. The four typical processes considered give different spectral shape, peak position and temperature dependence of the emission spectra. We have used the theory of scattering together with the second order perturbation theory to derive the radiative power spontaneously emitted at an energy ħω by these processes. The results arrived at are purely qualitative in nature. The intensity of emitted light in quantum well systems varies inversely to the square of temperature, whereas in case of bulk materials it simply decreases with the  temperature.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Exciton-Exciton%20Collisions" title="Exciton-Exciton Collisions">Exciton-Exciton Collisions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Excitonic%20Scattering%0D%0AProcesses" title=" Excitonic Scattering Processes"> Excitonic Scattering Processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Interacting%20Excitonic%20States" title=" Interacting Excitonic States"> Interacting Excitonic States</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Quantum%20Wells." title=" Quantum Wells."> Quantum Wells.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4445/the-emission-spectra-due-to-exciton-exciton-collisions-in-gaasalgaas-quantum-well-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4445/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4445/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4445/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4445/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4445/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4445/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4445/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4445/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4445/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4445/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4445.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">486</span> Estimation of Exhaust and Non-Exhaust Particulate Matter Emissions’ Share from On-Road Vehicles in Addis Ababa City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Solomon%20Neway%20Jida">Solomon Neway Jida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jean-Francois%20Hetet"> Jean-Francois Hetet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pascal%20Chesse"> Pascal Chesse</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Vehicular emission is the key source of air pollution in the urban environment. This includes both fine particles (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and coarse particulate matters (PM<sub>10</sub>). However, particulate matter emissions from road traffic comprise emissions from exhaust tailpipe and emissions due to wear and tear of the vehicle part such as brake, tire and clutch and re-suspension of dust (non-exhaust emission). This study estimates the share of the two sources of pollutant particle emissions from on-roadside vehicles in the Addis Ababa municipality, Ethiopia. To calculate its share, two methods were applied; the exhaust-tailpipe emissions were calculated using the Europeans emission inventory Tier II method and Tier I for the non-exhaust emissions (like vehicle tire wear, brake, and road surface wear). The results show that of the total traffic-related particulate emissions in the city, 63% emitted from vehicle exhaust and the remaining 37% from non-exhaust sources. The annual roads transport exhaust emission shares around 2394 tons of particles from all vehicle categories. However, from the total yearly non-exhaust particulate matter emissions’ contribution, tire and brake wear shared around 65% and 35% emanated by road-surface wear. Furthermore, vehicle tire and brake wear were responsible for annual 584.8 tons of coarse particles (PM<sub>10</sub>) and 314.4 tons of fine particle matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) emissions in the city whereas surface wear emissions were responsible for around 313.7 tons of PM<sub>10</sub> and 169.9 tons of PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollutant emissions in the city. This suggests that non-exhaust sources might be as significant as exhaust sources and have a considerable contribution to the impact on air quality.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Addis%20Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=automotive%20emission" title=" automotive emission"> automotive emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=emission%20estimation" title=" emission estimation"> emission estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=particulate%20matters." title=" particulate matters. "> particulate matters. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011289/estimation-of-exhaust-and-non-exhaust-particulate-matter-emissions-share-from-on-road-vehicles-in-addis-ababa-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011289/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011289/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011289/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011289/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011289/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011289/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011289/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011289/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011289/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011289/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">768</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">485</span> Hybrid Optimization of Emission and Economic Dispatch by the Sigmoid Decreasing Inertia Weight Particle Swarm Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Joko%20Pitono">Joko Pitono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adi%20Soeprijanto"> Adi Soeprijanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Takashi%20Hiyama"> Takashi Hiyama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper present an efficient and reliable technique of optimization which combined fuel cost economic optimization and emission dispatch using the Sigmoid Decreasing Inertia Weight Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) to reduce the cost of fuel and pollutants resulting from fuel combustion by keeping the output of generators, bus voltages, shunt capacitors and transformer tap settings within the security boundary. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated on IEEE 30-bus system with six generating units. The results clearly show that the proposed algorithm gives better and faster speed convergence then linearly decreasing inertia weight.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Optimal%20Power%20Flow" title="Optimal Power Flow">Optimal Power Flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Combined%20Economic%20Emission%20Dispatch" title=" Combined Economic Emission Dispatch"> Combined Economic Emission Dispatch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sigmoid%20decreasing%20Inertia%20Weight" title=" Sigmoid decreasing Inertia Weight"> Sigmoid decreasing Inertia Weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Particle%20Swarm%20Optimization." title=" Particle Swarm Optimization."> Particle Swarm Optimization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9139/hybrid-optimization-of-emission-and-economic-dispatch-by-the-sigmoid-decreasing-inertia-weight-particle-swarm-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9139/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9139/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9139/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9139/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9139/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9139/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9139/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9139/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9139/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9139/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1689</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">484</span> The Improvement of Environmental Protection through Motor Vehicle Noise Abatement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Z.%20Jovanovic">Z. Jovanovic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Z.%20Masonicic"> Z. Masonicic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Dragutinovic"> S. Dragutinovic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Z.%20Sakota"> Z. Sakota</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, a methodology for noise reduction of motor vehicles in use is presented. The methodology relies on synergic model of noise generation as a function of time. The arbitrary number of motor vehicle noise sources act in concert yielding the generation of the overall noise level of motor vehicle thereafter. The number of noise sources participating in the overall noise level of motor vehicle is subjected to the constraint of the calculation of the acoustic potential of each noise source under consideration. It is the prerequisite condition for the calculation of the acoustic potential of the whole vehicle. The recast form of pertinent set of equations describing the synergic model is laid down and solved by dint of Gauss method. The bunch of results emerged and some of them i.e. those ensuing from model application to MDD FAP Priboj motor vehicle in use are particularly elucidated.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Noise%20abatement" title="Noise abatement">Noise abatement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MV%20noise%20sources" title=" MV noise sources"> MV noise sources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=noise%20source%20identification" title=" noise source identification"> noise source identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=muffler." title=" muffler."> muffler.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004159/the-improvement-of-environmental-protection-through-motor-vehicle-noise-abatement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004159/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004159/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004159/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004159/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004159/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004159/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004159/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004159/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004159/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004159/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004159.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">483</span> Promoting Electric Vehicles for Sustainable Urban Transport: How to Do It This Time Right</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reinhard%20Haas">Reinhard Haas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amela%20Ajanovic"> Amela Ajanovic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years various types of electric vehicles has gained again increasing attention as an environmentally benign technology in transport. Especially for urban areas with high local pollution this Zero-emission technology (at the point of use) is considered to provide proper solutions. Yet, the bad economics and the limited driving ranges are still major barriers for a broader market penetration of battery electric vehicles (BEV) and of fuel cell vehicles (FCV). The major result of our analyses is that the most important precondition for a further dissemination of BEV in urban areas are emission-free zones. This is an instrument which allows the promotion of BEV without providing excessive subsidies. In addition, it is important to note that the full benefits of EV can only be harvested if the electricity used is produced from renewable energy sources. That is to say, it has to be ensured that the use of BEV in urban areas is clearly linked to a green electricity purchase model. And moreover, the introduction of a CO2- emission-based tax system would support this requirement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Electric%20vehicles" title="Electric vehicles">Electric vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=economics" title=" economics"> economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=policies" title=" policies"> policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=history." title=" history."> history.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4401/promoting-electric-vehicles-for-sustainable-urban-transport-how-to-do-it-this-time-right" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4401/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4401/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4401/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4401/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4401/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4401/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4401/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4401/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4401/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4401/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1826</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">482</span> Patterned Growth of ZnO Nanowire Arrays on Zinc Foil by Thermal Oxidation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Farid%20Jamali%20Sheini">Farid Jamali Sheini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dilip%20S.%20Joag"> Dilip S. Joag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahendra%20A.%20More"> Mahendra A. More</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A simple approach is demonstrated for growing large scale, nearly vertically aligned ZnO nanowire arrays by thermal oxidation method. To reveal effect of temperature on growth and physical properties of the ZnO nanowires, gold coated zinc substrates were annealed at 300 °C and 400 °C for 4 hours duration in air. Xray diffraction patterns of annealed samples indicated a set of well defined diffraction peaks, indexed to the wurtzite hexagonal phase of ZnO. The scanning electron microscopy studies show formation of ZnO nanowires having length of several microns and average of diameter less than 500 nm. It is found that the areal density of wires is relatively higher, when the annealing is carried out at higher temperature i.e. at 400°C. From the field emission studies, the values of the turn-on and threshold field, required to draw emission current density of 10 μA/cm2 and 100 μA/cm2 are observed to be 1.2 V/μm and 1.7 V/μm for the samples annealed at 300 °C and 2.9 V/μm and 3.7 V/μm for that annealed at 400 °C, respectively. The field emission current stability, investigated over duration of more than 2 hours at the preset value of 1 μA, is found to be fairly good in both cases. The simplicity of the synthesis route coupled with the promising field emission properties offer unprecedented advantage for the use of ZnO field emitters for high current density applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ZnO" title="ZnO">ZnO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nanowires" title=" Nanowires"> Nanowires</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thermal%20oxidation" title=" Thermal oxidation"> Thermal oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FieldEmission." title=" FieldEmission."> FieldEmission.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12661/patterned-growth-of-zno-nanowire-arrays-on-zinc-foil-by-thermal-oxidation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12661/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12661/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12661/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12661/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12661/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12661/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12661/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12661/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12661/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12661/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2059</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">481</span> Spray Combustion Dynamics under Thermoacoustic Oscillations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wajid%20A.%20Chishty">Wajid A. Chishty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stephen%20D.%20Lepera"> Stephen D. Lepera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Uri%20Vandsburger"> Uri Vandsburger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermoacoustic instabilities in combustors have remained a topic of investigation for over a few decades due to the challenges it posses to the operation of low emission gas turbines. For combustors burning liquid fuel, understanding the cause-andeffect relationship between spray combustion dynamics and thermoacoustic oscillations is imperative for the successful development of any control methodology for its mitigation. The paper presents some very unique operating characteristics of a kerosene-fueled diffusion type combustor undergoing limit-cycle oscillations. Combustor stability limits were mapped using three different-sized injectors. The results show that combustor instability depends on the characteristics of the fuel spray. A simple analytic analysis is also reported in support of a plausible explanation for the unique combustor behavior. The study indicates that high amplitude acoustic pressure in the combustor may cause secondary breakdown of fuel droplets resulting in premixed pre-vaporized type burning of the diffusion type combustor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Secondary%20droplet%20breakup" title="Secondary droplet breakup">Secondary droplet breakup</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spray%20dynamics" title=" Spray dynamics"> Spray dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Taylor%0AAnalogy%20Breakup%20Model" title=" Taylor Analogy Breakup Model"> Taylor Analogy Breakup Model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thermoacoustic%20instabilities." title=" Thermoacoustic instabilities."> Thermoacoustic instabilities.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11064/spray-combustion-dynamics-under-thermoacoustic-oscillations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11064/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11064/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11064/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11064/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11064/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11064/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11064/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11064/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11064/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11064/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1855</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">480</span> Performance and Emission Study of Linseed Oilas a Fuel for CI Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ashutosh%20Kumar%20Rai">Ashutosh Kumar Rai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Naveen%20Kumar"> Naveen Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bhupendra%20Singh%20Chauhan"> Bhupendra Singh Chauhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increased energy demand and the concern about environment friendly technology, renewable bio-fuels are better alternative to petroleum products. In the present study linseed oil was used as alternative source for diesel engine fuel and the results were compared with baseline data of neat diesel. Performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and emissions parameters such as CO, unburned hydro carbon (UBHC), NOx, CO2 and exhaust temperature were compared. BTE of the engine was lower and BSFC was higher when the engine was fueled with Linseed oil compared to diesel fuel. Emission characteristics are better than diesel fuel. NOx formation by using linseed oil during the experiment was lower than diesel fuel. Linseed oil is non edible oil, so it can be used as an extender of diesel fuel energy source for small and medium energy needs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bio-fuel" title="Bio-fuel">Bio-fuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=exhaust%20emission" title=" exhaust emission"> exhaust emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=linseed%20oil" title=" linseed oil"> linseed oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=triglyceride." title=" triglyceride."> triglyceride.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15529/performance-and-emission-study-of-linseed-oilas-a-fuel-for-ci-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15529/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15529/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15529/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15529/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15529/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15529/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15529/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15529/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15529/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15529/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3852</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">479</span> Electric Vehicle Market Penetration Impact on Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Policy-Making: A Case Study of United Arab Emirates </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20Kiani">Ahmed Kiani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The United Arab Emirates is clearly facing a multitude of challenges in curbing its greenhouse gas emissions to meet its pre-allotted framework of Kyoto protocol and COP21 targets due to its hunger for modernization, industrialization, infrastructure growth, soaring population and oil and gas activity. In this work, we focus on the bonafide zero emission electric vehicles market penetration in the country’s transport industry for emission reduction. We study the global electric vehicle market trends, the complementary battery technologies and the trends by manufacturers, emission standards across borders and prioritized advancements which will ultimately dictate the terms of future conditions for the United Arab Emirate transport industry. Based on our findings and analysis at every stage of current viability and state-of-transport-affairs, we postulate policy recommendations to local governmental entities from a supply and demand perspective covering aspects of technology, infrastructure requirements, change in power dynamics, end user incentives program, market regulators behavior and communications amongst key stakeholders. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Electric%20vehicles" title="Electric vehicles">Electric vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=greenhouse%20gas%20emission%20reductions" title=" greenhouse gas emission reductions"> greenhouse gas emission reductions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=market%20analysis" title=" market analysis"> market analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=policy%20recommendations." title=" policy recommendations."> policy recommendations.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007509/electric-vehicle-market-penetration-impact-on-greenhouse-gas-emissions-for-policy-making-a-case-study-of-united-arab-emirates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007509/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007509/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007509/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007509/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007509/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007509/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a 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