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link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punti&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Punti&id=1232541933&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPunti"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPunti"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div 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#a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Punti" title="Special:EditPage/Punti">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Punti%22">"Punti"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Punti%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Punti%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Punti%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Punti%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Punti%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Punti</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Punti_Residence_(5344810681).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Punti_Residence_%285344810681%29.jpg/220px-Punti_Residence_%285344810681%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Punti_Residence_%285344810681%29.jpg/330px-Punti_Residence_%285344810681%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Punti_Residence_%285344810681%29.jpg/440px-Punti_Residence_%285344810681%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Punti Residence" exhibit at the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Museum_of_History" title="Hong Kong Museum of History">Hong Kong Museum of History</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">本地</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">local(s)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">běndì</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>pen<sup>3</sup>-ti<sup>4</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka" title="Guangdong Romanization">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Hakka-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="hak-Latn"><span>bun<sup>3</sup> ti<sup>4</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">bún deih</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">bun2 dei6</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Cantonese pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[pǔːn<span class="wrap"> </span>tèi]</a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Punti</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">本地</span>; <a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a>: <i><span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping">bun2 dei6</span></i>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'locals') is a <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> endonym referring to the native <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Cantonese people</a> of <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a>. <i>Punti</i> designates <a href="/wiki/Weitou_dialect" title="Weitou dialect">Weitou dialect</a>-speaking locals in contrast to other <a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Yue Chinese</a> speakers and others such as <a href="/wiki/Taishanese_people" title="Taishanese people">Taishanese people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoklo_people" title="Hoklo people">Hoklo people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka people</a>, and ethnic minorities such as the <a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang people</a> of Guangxi and the boat-dwelling <a href="/wiki/Tanka_people" title="Tanka people">Tanka people</a>, who are both descendants of the <a href="/wiki/Baiyue" title="Baiyue">Baiyue</a> – although the Tanka have largely assimilated into <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> culture.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Hong Kong, <i>Punti</i> as a group refers in a strict sense to the Cantonese-speaking <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_inhabitants_of_the_New_Territories_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous inhabitants of the New Territories (Hong Kong)">indigenous inhabitants of Hong Kong</a> who settled in Hong Kong before the <a href="/wiki/New_Territories" title="New Territories">New Territories</a> of Hong Kong were leased to the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/Convention_for_the_Extension_of_Hong_Kong_Territory" title="Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory">in 1898</a>. Prominently represented by the "Weitou people" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant-HK">圍頭人</span></span>) – the <a href="/wiki/Hou_(surname)" title="Hou (surname)">Hau</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant-HK">侯</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/Tang_Clan" title="Tang Clan">Tang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant-HK">鄧</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/Peng_(surname)" title="Peng (surname)">Pang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant-HK">彭</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/Liao_(surname)" title="Liao (surname)">Liu</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant-HK">廖</span></span>), and <a href="/wiki/Wen_(surname_%E6%96%87)" title="Wen (surname 文)">Man</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant-HK">文</span></span>) – these indigenous <i>Punti</i> inhabitants were afforded additional privileges in land ownership enshrined in the <a href="/wiki/Convention_for_the_Extension_of_Hong_Kong_Territory" title="Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory">Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Law of Hong Kong">Basic Law of Hong Kong</a>. </p><p>When used to designate a language, "Punti" is equivalent to the <a href="/wiki/Standard_Cantonese" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Cantonese">Standard Cantonese</a> mainly used in <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> (formerly Canton), <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>. "Punti" became a word often used in the <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Hong_Kong" title="Law of Hong Kong">legal system of Hong Kong</a> and other official settings; when a defendant chooses to use Punti in court, he/she elects to use Cantonese as the language of the proceedings instead of English. Despite the reference to <i>Punti</i>, in this context the word means nothing more than "Cantonese Chinese" as a spoken language, particularly <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Cantonese" title="Hong Kong Cantonese">Hong Kong dialect</a>; there are political and practical reasons for not using the term "Cantonese Chinese".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstable200510_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstable200510-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern use of the demonym <i>Punti</i> is promoted by the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Museum_of_History" title="Hong Kong Museum of History">Hong Kong Museum of History</a>, which maintains an extensive collection of Punti artefacts.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punti&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Hong Kong">Agriculture in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Macau" title="Agriculture in Macau">Agriculture in Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people" title="Cantonese people">Cantonese people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoklo_people" title="Hoklo people">Hoklo people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punti-Hakka_Clan_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Punti-Hakka Clan Wars">Punti-Hakka Clan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanka_people" title="Tanka people">Tanka people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_House_Policy" title="Small House Policy">Small House Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weitou_dialect" title="Weitou dialect">Weitou dialect</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punti&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punti&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalfieldtrip.com/hong-kong-museum-of-history/">"香港歷史博物館- Hong Kong Museum of History – Global Field Trip"</a>. <i>Global Field Trip</i>. 5 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Field+Trip&rft.atitle=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8-+Hong+Kong+Museum+of+History+%E2%80%93+Global+Field+Trip&rft.date=2015-05-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalfieldtrip.com%2Fhong-kong-museum-of-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstable200510-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstable200510_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConstable2005">Constable 2005</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hong-kong-traveller.com/hong-kong-museum-of-history.html">"Hong Kong Museum of History"</a>. <i>Hong Kong Traveller</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Traveller&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+Museum+of+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hong-kong-traveller.com%2Fhong-kong-museum-of-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punti&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConstable2005" class="citation book cs1">Constable, Nicole (February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wkh1opdA_BcC"><i>Guest People: Hakka Identity in China and Abroad</i></a>. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-295-98487-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-295-98487-2"><bdi>978-0-295-98487-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guest+People%3A+Hakka+Identity+in+China+and+Abroad&rft.place=Seattle%2C+WA&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2005-02&rft.isbn=978-0-295-98487-2&rft.aulast=Constable&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwkh1opdA_BcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunti" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant-HK">英華行篋便覽</span></span>: Being an English-Chinese Vocabulary of Articles of Commerce and of Domestic Use; Also, All the Known Names Connected with the Sciences of Natural History, Chemistry, Pharmacy, &c. in the Court and Punti Dialects</i>. Hong Kong: Office of the "Daily Press". 1864.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant-HK%22%3E%E8%8B%B1%E8%8F%AF%E8%A1%8C%E7%AF%8B%E4%BE%BF%E8%A6%BD%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text%3A+Being+an+English-Chinese+Vocabulary+of+Articles+of+Commerce+and+of+Domestic+Use%3B+Also%2C+All+the+Known+Names+Connected+with+the+Sciences+of+Natural+History%2C+Chemistry%2C+Pharmacy%2C+%26c.+in+the+Court+and+Punti+Dialects&rft.place=Hong+Kong&rft.pub=Office+of+the+%22Daily+Press%22&rft.date=1864&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunti" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="New immigrants in Hong Kong">New immigrants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_returnee" title="Hong Kong returnee">Returnees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Hong_Kong" title="Refugees in Hong Kong">Refugees and asylum seekers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By Chinese dialect group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_people_in_Hong_Kong" title="Cantonese people in Hong Kong">Yue people</a> (<small>Ethnic Cantonese and <a href="/wiki/Sze_Yap_people_in_Hong_Kong" title="Sze Yap people in Hong Kong">Sze Yap/Taishanese</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Hong_Kong_people_of_Sze_Yap_descent" title="List of Hong Kong people of Sze Yap descent">list</a>)</small>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Puntis (Aboriginal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_people_of_Fujianese_descent" title="Hong Kong people of Fujianese descent">Fujianese/Hoklo/Hokkien</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoklo_people" title="Hoklo people">Hoklo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghainese_people_in_Hong_Kong" title="Shanghainese people in Hong Kong">Shanghainese (and Ningbo)</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Shanghainese_and_Lower_Yangtze_people_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of Shanghainese and Lower Yangtze people in Hong Kong">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanka_people" title="Tanka people">Tanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_people" title="Teochew people">Teochew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By nationality or ethnicity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">From Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>East Asians <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people_in_Hong_Kong" title="Japanese people in Hong Kong">Japanese</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Hong_Kong" title="Koreans in Hong Kong">Koreans</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asians_in_Hong_Kong" title="South Asians in Hong Kong">South Asians</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Indians in Hong Kong">Indians</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Nepalis_in_Hong_Kong" title="Nepalis in Hong Kong">Nepalis</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Hong_Kong" title="Pakistanis in Hong Kong">Pakistanis</a></small></li></ul></li> <li>Southeast Asians <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_Hong_Kong" title="Filipinos in Hong Kong">Filipinos</a></small></li> <li><small><a 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Kong">Canadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_people_in_Hong_Kong" title="French people in Hong Kong">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Hong Kong">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Hong_Kong" title="Russians in Hong Kong">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians_in_Hong_Kong" title="Ukrainians in Hong Kong">Ukrainians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox 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