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class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Phonology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unique_phrases_and_expressions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unique_phrases_and_expressions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Unique phrases and expressions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unique_phrases_and_expressions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loanwords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loanwords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Loanwords </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Loanwords-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Loanwords subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Loanwords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Imported_loanwords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imported_loanwords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Imported loanwords </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imported_loanwords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-From_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 From English </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_French" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_French"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2 From French </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_French-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_Japanese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_Japanese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.3 From Japanese </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_Japanese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exported_loanwords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exported_loanwords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Exported loanwords </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exported_loanwords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Into_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Into_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Into English </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Into_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Into_Mainland_Chinese_Mandarin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Into_Mainland_Chinese_Mandarin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 Into Mainland Chinese Mandarin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Into_Mainland_Chinese_Mandarin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Into_Taiwanese_Mandarin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Into_Taiwanese_Mandarin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.3 Into Taiwanese Mandarin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Into_Taiwanese_Mandarin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Into_Japanese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Into_Japanese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.4 Into Japanese </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Into_Japanese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Code-switching_and_loanword_adaptation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Code-switching_and_loanword_adaptation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Code-switching and loanword adaptation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Code-switching_and_loanword_adaptation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short-text_adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short-text_adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 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data-title="کانتونی هنگ کنگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9%EC%96%B4" title="홍콩어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="홍콩어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Kanton_Hong_Kong" title="Bahasa Kanton Hong Kong – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Kanton Hong Kong" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialetto_cantonese_di_Hong_Kong" title="Dialetto cantonese di Hong Kong – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dialetto cantonese di Hong Kong" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongkong-Kantonees" title="Hongkong-Kantonees – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hongkong-Kantonees" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="香港語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="香港語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton%C3%AAs_de_Hong_Kong" title="Cantonês de Hong Kong – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: salmon;">Hong Kong Cantonese</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: salmon;">香港粵語; 港式廣東話</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Hong Kong and some <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">Overseas Communities</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Hongkongers" title="Hongkongers">Hongkongers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Yue</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Yuehai_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuehai dialects">Yuehai</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Hong Kong Cantonese</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Chinese">Traditional Chinese</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: salmon;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">–</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-6" title="ISO 639-6">ISO 639-6</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code>xgng</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Linguist_List" title="Linguist List">Linguist List</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200101010101/http://multitree.org/codes/yue-yue">yue-yue</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"> </th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200101010101/http://multitree.org/codes/yue-can">yue-can</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/xian1255">xian1255</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortensj-garden.org/index.php?tnc=1&tr=lsr&nid=79-AAA-mac">79-AAA-mac</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/IETF_language_tag" title="IETF language tag">IETF</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code>yue-HK</code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: salmon;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">香港粵語</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">香港粤语</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Xiānggǎng yuèyǔ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ㄒㄧㄤㄍㄤˇ ㄩㄝˋ ㄩˇ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hsiang1-kang3 Yüeh4-yü3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sianggǎng yuè-yǔ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ɕjáŋ.kàŋ ɥê ỳ]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hēung góng yuht yúh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data">hoeng1 gong2 jyut6 jyu5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[hœŋ˥ kɔŋ˧˥ jyt̚˨ jy˩˧]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: salmon;">Hong Kong-style Cantonese</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">港式粵語</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Góng sīk yuht yúh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data">gong2 sik1 jyut6 jyu5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[kɔŋ˧˥ sɪk̚˥ jyt̚˨ jy˩˧]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: salmon;">Hong Kong-Guangdong dialect</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">香港廣東話</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hēung góng gwóng dūng wá</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data">hoeng1 gong2 gwong2 dung1 waa2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[hœŋ˥ kɔŋ˧˥ kʷɔŋ˧˥ tʊŋ˥ wa˧˥]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: salmon;">Hong Kong-Guangzhou dialect</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">香港廣州話</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hēung góng gwóng jāu wá</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data">hoeng1 gong2 gwong2 zau1 waa2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[hœŋ˥ kɔŋ˧˥ kʷɔŋ˧˥ tsɐw˥ wa˧˥]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:20%;border-color:grey;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">Demographics and culture of Hong Kong</th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #E9E9E9;"> <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Demographics of Hong Kong">Demographics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Census in Hong Kong">Census</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Hong_Kong" title="Health in Hong Kong">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongkongers" title="Hongkongers">Hongkongers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_resident" title="Hong Kong resident">Hong Kong resident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_identity_card" title="Hong Kong identity card">Hong Kong identity card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Hong_Kong" title="Languages of Hong Kong">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hong_Kong" title="Religion in Hong Kong">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_abode_in_Hong_Kong" title="Right of abode in Hong Kong">Right of abode</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #E9E9E9;"> <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hong_Kong" title="Culture of Hong Kong">Culture</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hong_Kong" title="Cinema of Hong Kong">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_comics" title="Hong Kong comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_cuisine" title="Hong Kong cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Hong_Kong" title="Media of Hong Kong">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hong_Kong" title="Music of Hong Kong">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_opera" title="Cantonese opera">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong" title="Public holidays in Hong Kong">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_in_Hong_Kong" title="Shopping in Hong Kong">Shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Hong_Kong" title="Sport in Hong Kong">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_literature" title="Hong Kong literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_Hong_Kong" title="Visual art of Hong Kong">Visual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_slang" title="Hong Kong slang">Slang</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #E9E9E9;"> Other Hong Kong topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hong_Kong" title="Economy of Hong Kong">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Hong_Kong" title="Education in Hong Kong">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hong_Kong" title="Geography of Hong Kong">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong" title="History of Hong Kong">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong">Politics</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Demographics_and_culture_of_Hong_Kong" title="Template:Demographics and culture of Hong Kong"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Demographics_and_culture_of_Hong_Kong" title="Template talk:Demographics and culture of Hong Kong"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Demographics_and_culture_of_Hong_Kong" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Demographics and culture of Hong Kong"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Hong Kong Cantonese is a dialect of <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> spoken primarily in Hong Kong. As the most commonly spoken language in Hong Kong, it shares a recent and direct lineage with the Guangzhou (<a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Canton</a>) dialect. Due to the <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">colonial heritage of Hong Kong</a>, Hong Kong Cantonese exhibits distinct differences in vocabulary and certain speech patterns. Over the years, Hong Kong Cantonese has also absorbed foreign <a href="/wiki/Terminology" title="Terminology">terminology</a> and developed a large set of Hong Kong-specific terms. <a href="/wiki/Code-switching" title="Code-switching">Code-switching</a> with English is also common. As of 2021, 88.2% of Hong Kong's population identified Cantonese as their "usual spoken language," while 93.7% reported being able to speak it.<a href="#cite_note-2021-census-1">[1]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name">edit</a>]</div> Hong Kong Cantonese is predominantly referred to as "Cantonese" in English and gwong2 dung1 waa2 (廣東話, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> Guangdong speech) by its native speakers, while the government also officially refers to it as gwong2 zau1 waa2 (廣州話, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> Guangzhou speech).<a href="#cite_note-2021-census-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hong_Kong_Cantonese" title="Special:EditPage/Hong Kong Cantonese">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Hong+Kong+Cantonese%22">"Hong Kong Cantonese"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Hong+Kong+Cantonese%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Hong+Kong+Cantonese%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Hong+Kong+Cantonese%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Hong+Kong+Cantonese%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Hong+Kong+Cantonese%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (October 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Before the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial Hong Kong">arrival of British settlers</a> in 1842, the inhabitants of Hong Kong mainly spoke the <a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese#Languages" title="Yue Chinese">Dongguan-Bao'an</a> (Tungkun–Po'on)<a href="#cite_note-Sousa2022-2">[2]</a> and Tanka dialects of Yue, as well as <a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a>. These languages and dialects are all remarkably different from Guangzhou Cantonese, and not <a href="/wiki/Mutual_intelligibility" title="Mutual intelligibility">mutually intelligible</a>. After the British acquired <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Island" title="Hong Kong Island">Hong Kong Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kowloon_Peninsula" title="Kowloon Peninsula">Kowloon Peninsula</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Territories" title="New Territories">New Territories</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a> in 1841 (officially 1842) and 1898, large numbers [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">quantify</a>] of merchants and workers came to Hong Kong from the city of <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Canton</a>, the main centre of Cantonese. Cantonese became the dominant spoken language in Hong Kong. The extensive migration from mainland Cantonese-speaking areas to Hong Kong continued up until 1949, when the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">Communists</a> took over <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a>. In 1949, the year that the People's Republic of China was established, Hong Kong saw a large influx of refugees from mainland China, prompting the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Government">Hong Kong Government</a> to close its border.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Illegal immigration from mainland China into Hong Kong nevertheless continued. During the 1950s, the Cantonese spoken in Hong Kong remained very similar to that in Canton, but the proportion of Cantonese speakers did not surpass 50% of the population in Hong Kong.<a href="#cite_note-Sousa2022-2">[2]</a> Movement, communication and relations between Hong Kong and mainland China became very limited, and consequently the evolution of Cantonese in Hong Kong diverged from that of Guangzhou. In mainland China, the use of <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a> as the official language and in education was enforced. In Hong Kong, Cantonese was the <a href="/wiki/Medium_of_instruction" title="Medium of instruction">medium of instruction</a> in schools, along with <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">written English</a> and written Chinese. As such, since the 1970s the percentage of Cantonese speakers in Hong Kong has risen to about 90%.<a href="#cite_note-Sousa2022-2">[2]</a> Because of the long exposure to English during the colonial period, a large number of <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> words were <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loaned</a> into Hong Kong Cantonese, e.g. "巴士" (IPA: /páːsǐː/, Cantonese <a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a>: baa1 si2), from the English "bus"; compare this with the equivalent from <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a>, 公共汽車 (<a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a>: gung1 gung6 hei3 ce1; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: gōnggòng qìchē). Consequently, the vocabularies of Cantonese in mainland China and Hong Kong substantially differ.<a href="#cite_note-Sousa2022-2">[2]</a> Moreover, the pronunciation of Cantonese changed while the change either did not occur in mainland China or took place much more slowly. For example, merging of initial /n/ into /l/ and the deletion of /ŋ/ were observed. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Phonology">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_phonology" title="Cantonese phonology">Cantonese phonology</a></div> In modern-day Hong Kong, many native speakers no longer distinguish between certain phoneme pairs, leading to instances of sound change through mergers. Although considered non-standard and denounced as "lazy sound" (懶音) by purists, the phenomena are widespread and not restricted to Hong Kong.<a href="#cite_note-Zee1999-4">[4]</a> Contrary to impressions, some of these changes are not recent. The loss of the velar nasal (/ŋ/) was documented by Williams (1856), and the substitution of the liquid nasal (/l/) for the nasal initial (/n/) was documented by Cowles (1914). List of observed shifts:<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <ul><li>Merging of /n/ initial into /l/ initial.</li> <li>Merging of /ŋ/ initial into null initial.</li> <li>Merging of /kʷ/ and /kʷʰ/ initials into /k/ and /kʰ/ when followed by /ɔː/. Note that /ʷ/ is the only <a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">glide</a> (介音) in Cantonese.</li> <li>Merging of /ŋ/ and /k/ codas into /n/ and /t/ codas respectively, eliminating contrast between these pairs of finals (except after /e/ and /o/[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>]): /aːn/-/aːŋ/, /aːt/-/aːk/, /ɐn/-/ɐŋ/, /ɐt/-/ɐk/, /ɔːn/-/ɔːŋ/ and /ɔːt/-/ɔːk/.</li> <li>Merging of the two syllabic nasals, /ŋ̩/ into /m̩/, eliminating the contrast of sounds between <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%90%B3" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:吳">吳</a> (surname Ng) and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%94%94" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:唔">唔</a> (not).</li> <li>Merging of the rising tones (陰上 2nd and 陽上 5th).<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li></ul> In educated Hong Kong Cantonese speech, these sound mergers are avoided, and many older speakers still distinguish between those phoneme categories. With the sound changes, the name of Hong Kong's <a href="/wiki/Hang_Seng_Bank" title="Hang Seng Bank">Hang Seng Bank</a> (香港恆生銀行), <a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a>: Hoeng1 gong2 hang4 sang1 ngan4 hong4, /hœ́ːŋ kɔ̌ːŋ hɐ̏ŋ sɐ́ŋ ŋɐ̏n hɔ̏ːŋ/, literally Hong Kong Constant Growth Bank, becomes /hœ́ːn kɔ̌ːn hɐ̏n sɐ́n ɐ̏n hɔ̏ːn/, sounding like Hon' Kon' itchy body 'un cold ('香港'痕身un寒). The name of Cantonese itself (廣東話, "Guangdong speech") would be <a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a>: Gwong2 dung1 waa2, <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>: /kʷɔ̌ːŋ tʊ́ŋ wǎː/ without the merger, whereas /kɔ̌ːŋ tʊ́ŋ wǎː/ (sounding like "講東話": "say eastern speech") and /kɔ̌ːn tʊ́ŋ wǎː/ (sounding like "趕東話" : "chase away eastern speech") are overwhelmingly common in Hong Kong.<a href="#cite_note-Reference_5514-7">[7]</a> The shift <a href="/wiki/Language_transfer" title="Language transfer">affects the way</a> some Hong Kong people speak other languages as well. This is especially evident in the pronunciation of certain English names: "Nicole" pronounce [lekˈkou̯], "Nancy" pronounce [ˈlɛnsi] etc. A very common example of the mixing of /n/ and /l/ is that of the word <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BD%A0" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:你">你</a>, meaning "you". Even though the standard pronunciation should be /nei/, the word is often pronounced /lei/, which is the surname <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:李">李</a>, or the word <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%90%86" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:理">理</a>, meaning theory. The merger of /n/ and /l/ also affects the choice of characters when the Cantonese media <a href="/wiki/Transliteration_into_Chinese_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Transliteration into Chinese characters">transliterates</a> foreign names. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Prescription_and_description" class="mw-redirect" title="Prescription and description">Prescriptivists</a> who <a href="/wiki/Proper_Cantonese_pronunciation" title="Proper Cantonese pronunciation">try to correct these "lazy sounds"</a> often end up introducing <a href="/wiki/Hypercorrection" title="Hypercorrection">hypercorrections</a>. For instance, while attempting to ensure that people pronounce the initial /ŋ/, they may introduce it into words which have historically had a null-initial.<a href="#cite_note-Zee1999-4">[4]</a> One common example is that of the word <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:愛">愛</a>, meaning "love", where even though the standard pronunciation is Jyutping: oi3, IPA: /ɔ̄ːi/, the word is often pronounced Jyutping: ngoi3, /ŋɔ̄ːi/. A similar phenomenon occurs in various Mandarin dialects (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Mandarin" title="Southwestern Mandarin">Southwestern Mandarin</a>).<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unique_phrases_and_expressions">Unique phrases and expressions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Unique phrases and expressions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hong_Kong_Cantonese" title="Special:EditPage/Hong Kong Cantonese">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (February 2020) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Hong Kong Cantonese has developed a number of phrases and expressions that are unique to the context of Hong Kong. Examples are: <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Table of Colloquial Cantonese Expressions </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Colloquial Cantonese Expressions(pronunciation)</th> <th>Literally</th> <th>Colloquially</th> <th>Explanation </th></tr> <tr> <td>串 (cyun3) Example: 你洗唔洗咁串呀! English: Do you have to be so harsh? </td> <td>skewer/to string/vulgar</td> <td>harsh/extreme bluntness, lack of tact</td> <td>colloquial usage for police handcuffing, broadened to incorporate harsh expression generally; alternatively, by modification of the tone value for "vulgar" </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Loanwords">Loanwords</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Loanwords">edit</a>]</div> Life in Hong Kong is characterised by the blending of southern Chinese with other Asian and Western cultures, as well as the city's position as a major international business centre. In turn, Hong Kong influences have spread widely into other cultures. As a result, a large number of <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a> are created in Hong Kong and then exported to mainland China, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, Singapore, and Japan. Some of the loanwords have become even more popular than their Chinese counterparts, in Hong Kong as well as in their destination cultures.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Note that some of the loanwords are being used much more frequently in Cantonese-speaking areas in mainland China (e.g. Guangzhou), than in areas speaking other Chinese varieties. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imported_loanwords">Imported loanwords</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Imported loanwords">edit</a>]</div> Selected loanwords<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> are shown below. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="From_English">From English</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: From English">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Chinese Characters </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a> </th> <th>English & Other Definitions </th> <th>Mainland Chinese Mandarin </th> <th>Taiwanese Mandarin </th></tr> <tr> <td>戶口 </td> <td>wu6 hau2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Account_(bookkeeping)" title="Account (bookkeeping)">account</a> </td> <td>帐号 </td> <td>帳戶 </td></tr> <tr> <td>拗撬 </td> <td>aau3 giu6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argument" title="Argument">argue</a> arguments (fights) </td> <td>吵架 </td> <td>吵架 </td></tr> <tr> <td>百家樂 </td> <td>baak3 gaa1 lok6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baccarat_(card_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baccarat (card game)">Baccarat (card game)</a> </td> <td>百家乐 </td> <td>百家樂 </td></tr> <tr> <td>波 </td> <td>bo1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ball" title="Ball">ball</a> </td> <td>球 </td> <td>球 </td></tr> <tr> <td>(跳)芭蕾(舞) </td> <td>baa1 leoi4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a> </td> <td>(跳)芭蕾(舞) </td> <td>(跳)芭蕾(舞) </td></tr> <tr> <td>繃帶 </td> <td>bang1 daai2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bandage" title="Bandage">bandage</a> </td> <td>绷带 </td> <td>繃帶 </td></tr> <tr> <td>(酒)吧 </td> <td>baa1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bar_(establishment)" title="Bar (establishment)">bar</a> <a href="/wiki/Barrister" title="Barrister">barrister</a> </td> <td>(酒)吧 大律师 </td> <td>(酒)吧 大律師 </td></tr> <tr> <td>啤酒 </td> <td>be1 zau2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a> </td> <td>啤酒 </td> <td>啤酒 </td></tr> <tr> <td>比堅尼 </td> <td>bei2 gin1 nei4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini">bikini</a> </td> <td>比基尼 </td> <td>比基尼 </td></tr> <tr> <td>煲呔 </td> <td>bou1 taai1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bow_tie" title="Bow tie">bow tie</a> </td> <td>领结 </td> <td>領結 </td></tr> <tr> <td>保齡球 </td> <td>bou2 ling4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bowling" title="Bowling">bowling</a> </td> <td>保龄球 </td> <td>保齡球 </td></tr> <tr> <td>杯葛 </td> <td>bui1 got3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycott</a> </td> <td>抵制 </td> <td>抵制 </td></tr> <tr> <td>百家利 </td> <td>baak3 gaa1 lei6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Broccoli" title="Broccoli">broccoli</a> </td> <td>西兰花 </td> <td>花椰菜 </td></tr> <tr> <td>巴打 </td> <td>baa1 daa2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brother" title="Brother">brother</a> </td> <td>兄弟 </td> <td>兄弟 </td></tr> <tr> <td>蒲飛 </td> <td>pou6 fei1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buffet" title="Buffet">buffet</a> </td> <td>自助餐 </td> <td>自助餐 </td></tr> <tr> <td>笨豬跳 </td> <td>ban6 zyu1 tiu3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bungee_jumping" title="Bungee jumping">bungee jumping</a> </td> <td>蹦极 </td> <td>高空彈跳 </td></tr> <tr> <td>巴士 </td> <td>baa1 si2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">bus</a> </td> <td>公交/公交车/公共汽车 </td> <td>公車/公共汽車 </td></tr> <tr> <td>拜拜 </td> <td>baai1 baai3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parting_phrase" class="mw-redirect" title="Parting phrase">bye</a> </td> <td>再见 </td> <td>再見 </td></tr> <tr> <td>卡路里 </td> <td>kaa1 lou6 lei5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calorie" title="Calorie">calorie</a> </td> <td>卡路里 </td> <td>卡路里 </td></tr> <tr> <td>咖啡因 </td> <td>gaa3 fe1 jan1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">caffeine</a> </td> <td>咖啡因 </td> <td>咖啡因 </td></tr> <tr> <td>咭 </td> <td>kaat1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Business_card" title="Business card">card</a> </td> <td>卡 </td> <td>卡 </td></tr> <tr> <td>卡通 </td> <td>kaa1 tung1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cartoon" title="Cartoon">cartoon</a> </td> <td>卡通 </td> <td>卡通 </td></tr> <tr> <td>哥士的(梳打) </td> <td>go1 si2 dik1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide" title="Sodium hydroxide">caustic soda</a> </td> <td>氢氧化钠 </td> <td>氫氧化鈉/小蘇打 </td></tr> <tr> <td>芝士 </td> <td>zi1 si2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheese</a> </td> <td>奶酪 </td> <td>起司 </td></tr> <tr> <td>車厘子 </td> <td>ce1 lei4 zi2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">cherry</a> </td> <td>樱桃 </td> <td>櫻桃 </td></tr> <tr> <td>朱古力 </td> <td>zyu1 gu1 lik1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a> </td> <td>巧克力 </td> <td>巧克力 </td></tr> <tr> <td>西打酒 </td> <td>sai1 daa2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cider" title="Cider">cider</a> </td> <td>果酒 </td> <td>(蘋)果酒 </td></tr> <tr> <td>雪茄 </td> <td>syut3 gaa1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cigar" title="Cigar">cigar</a> </td> <td>雪茄 </td> <td>雪茄 </td></tr> <tr> <td>打咭 </td> <td>daa2 kat1 </td> <td>clock in literally: (to) <a href="/wiki/Punched_card" title="Punched card">punch card</a> </td> <td>打卡 </td> <td>打卡 </td></tr> <tr> <td>俱樂部 </td> <td>keoi1 lok6 bou6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Club_(organization)" title="Club (organization)">club</a> </td> <td>俱乐部 </td> <td>俱樂部 </td></tr> <tr> <td>甘屎(架)/屎皮/論盡 </td> <td>gam1 si4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Accident-proneness" title="Accident-proneness">clumsy</a> </td> <td>笨拙/笨手笨脚 </td> <td>笨拙/笨手笨腳 </td></tr> <tr> <td>可可 </td> <td>ho2 ho2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">cocoa</a> </td> <td>可可 </td> <td>可可 </td></tr> <tr> <td>可卡 </td> <td>ho2 kaa1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coca" title="Coca">coca</a> </td> <td>古柯 </td> <td>古柯 </td></tr> <tr> <td>可卡因 </td> <td>ho2 kaa1 jan1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a> </td> <td>可卡因/古柯碱 </td> <td>古柯鹼 </td></tr> <tr> <td>咖啡 </td> <td>gaa3 fe1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a> </td> <td>咖啡 </td> <td>咖啡 </td></tr> <tr> <td>曲奇 </td> <td>kuk1 kei4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cookie" title="Cookie">cookie</a> </td> <td>曲奇 </td> <td>餅乾 </td></tr> <tr> <td>咕喱 </td> <td>gu1 lei1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coolie" title="Coolie">coolie</a> </td> <td>苦力 </td> <td>苦力 </td></tr> <tr> <td>酷哥 </td> <td>huk6 go1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">cougar</a> </td> <td>美洲狮 </td> <td>美洲獅 </td></tr> <tr> <td>忌廉 </td> <td>gei6 lim4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cream" title="Cream">cream</a> </td> <td>奶油 </td> <td>鮮奶油 </td></tr> <tr> <td>曲(既) </td> <td>kuk1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crooked_Harbour" title="Crooked Harbour">crooked (bent)</a> bend your knees winding road ahead zig-zag </td> <td>弯曲 </td> <td>彎曲 </td></tr> <tr> <td>咖喱 </td> <td>gaa3 lei1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">curry</a> </td> <td>咖喱 </td> <td>咖喱 </td></tr> <tr> <td>山埃 </td> <td>saan1 aai1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyanide" title="Cyanide">cyanide</a> </td> <td>氰化物 </td> <td>氰化物 </td></tr> <tr> <td>打令 </td> <td>daa1 ling2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Term_of_endearment" title="Term of endearment">darling</a> </td> <td>亲爱的 </td> <td>親愛的 </td></tr> <tr> <td>(一)碟(餸) </td> <td>dip6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dish_(food)" title="Dish (food)">dish</a> </td> <td>一道菜 </td> <td>一道菜 </td></tr> <tr> <td>都甩/冬甩 </td> <td>dou1 lat1/dung1 lat1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doughnut" title="Doughnut">doughnut</a> </td> <td>甜甜圈 </td> <td>甜甜圈 </td></tr> <tr> <td>(揼垃圾) </td> <td>dam2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Waste" title="Waste">dump (garbage)</a> (In the dump/dumpster) <a href="/wiki/Database_dump" title="Database dump">database dump</a> pile dump dumped by boy-/girl-friend </td> <td>倒掉(垃圾) </td> <td>倒掉(垃圾) </td></tr> <tr> <td>肥佬 </td> <td>fei4 lou2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Failure" title="Failure">fail (failure)</a> </td> <td>失败 </td> <td>失敗 </td></tr> <tr> <td>菲林 </td> <td>fei1 lam2 </td> <td>film </td> <td>㬵卷 </td> <td>膠卷 </td></tr> <tr> <td>揮/爭取 </td> <td>fai1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fight" class="mw-redirect" title="Fight">fight</a> fight for </td> <td>打架/争取 </td> <td>打架/爭取 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fan士 </td> <td>fen1 si2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fan_(person)" title="Fan (person)">fan (fanatic)</a> <a href="/wiki/Fan_(machine)" title="Fan (machine)">fan (machine)</a> </td> <td>粉丝 </td> <td>粉絲 </td></tr> <tr> <td>爹地/花打 </td> <td>de1 di4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Father" title="Father">daddy (father)</a> </td> <td>爸爸 </td> <td>爸爸 </td></tr> <tr> <td>發騰 </td> <td>faat3 tang4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fear" title="Fear">frightened</a> </td> <td>(被)吓到 </td> <td>(被)嚇到 </td></tr> <tr> <td>高爾夫球 </td> <td>gou1 ji5 fu1 kau4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a> </td> <td>高尔夫球 </td> <td>高爾夫球 </td></tr> <tr> <td>結他 </td> <td>git3 taa1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitar</a> </td> <td>吉他 </td> <td>吉他 </td></tr> <tr> <td>吉士 </td> <td>gat1 si2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Courage" title="Courage">guts (courage)</a> encourage felt like someone just punched you in the gut </td> <td>胆子/勇气 鼓励 </td> <td>膽子/勇氣 鼓勵 </td></tr> <tr> <td>哈佬/哈囉 </td> <td>haa1 lou3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hello" title="Hello">Hello</a> Halloween </td> <td>哈喽 </td> <td>哈囉 </td></tr> <tr> <td>漢堡包 </td> <td>hon3 bou2 baau1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger">hamburger</a> </td> <td>汉堡（包） </td> <td>漢堡 </td></tr> <tr> <td>阿頭 [calque] </td> <td>aa3 tau2 </td> <td>the <a href="/wiki/Head" title="Head">head</a> of </td> <td>领导 </td> <td>領導 </td></tr> <tr> <td>亨里 </td> <td>hang1 lei5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Term_of_endearment" title="Term of endearment">honey</a> </td> <td>甜心 </td> <td>甜心 </td></tr> <tr> <td>熱狗 [calque] </td> <td>jit6 gau2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hotdog" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotdog">hotdog</a> </td> <td>热狗 </td> <td>熱狗 </td></tr> <tr> <td>呼啦圈 </td> <td>fu1 laa1 hyun1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hula_hoop" title="Hula hoop">hula hoop</a> </td> <td>呼啦圈 </td> <td>呼啦圈 </td></tr> <tr> <td>雪糕 </td> <td>syut3 gou1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">ice-cream</a> </td> <td>冰淇淋/雪糕 </td> <td>冰淇淋 </td></tr> <tr> <td>燕梳 </td> <td>jin1 so1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">insure (insurance)</a> </td> <td>保险 </td> <td>保險 </td></tr> <tr> <td>奇異果 </td> <td>kei4 ji6 gwo2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kiwifruit" title="Kiwifruit">kiwifruit</a> </td> <td>奇异果/猕猴桃 </td> <td>奇異果 </td></tr> <tr> <td>𨋢 </td> <td>lip1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">lift (elevator)</a> </td> <td>电梯 </td> <td>電梯 </td></tr> <tr> <td>檸檬 </td> <td>ning4 mung1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lemon" title="Lemon">lemon</a> </td> <td>柠檬 </td> <td>檸檬 </td></tr> <tr> <td>芒果 </td> <td>mong1 gwo2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mango</a> </td> <td>芒果 </td> <td>芒果 </td></tr> <tr> <td>咪 </td> <td>mai1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">microphone</a> </td> <td>麦克风/麦/话筒 </td> <td>麥克風 </td></tr> <tr> <td>模特兒 </td> <td>mou4 dak6 ji4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Model_(person)" title="Model (person)">model</a> </td> <td>模特 </td> <td>模特/模特兒 </td></tr> <tr> <td>摩登 </td> <td>mo1 dang1 </td> <td>modern </td> <td>摩登/现代 </td> <td>摩登/現代 </td></tr> <tr> <td>摩打 </td> <td>mo1 daa2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Motor" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor">motor</a> </td> <td>马达/电（动）机 </td> <td>馬達 </td></tr> <tr> <td>慕絲 </td> <td>mou1 si2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mousse" title="Mousse">mousse</a> </td> <td>慕丝 </td> <td>慕絲 </td></tr> <tr> <td>媽咪/媽打 </td> <td>maa1 mi4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mother" title="Mother">mummy (mother)</a> </td> <td>妈妈 </td> <td>媽媽 </td></tr> <tr> <td>尼龍 </td> <td>nei4 lung4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">nylon</a> </td> <td>尼龙 </td> <td>尼龍 </td></tr> <tr> <td>鴉片 </td> <td>aa1 pin3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">opium</a> </td> <td>鸦片 </td> <td>鴉片 </td></tr> <tr> <td>班戟 </td> <td>baan1 gik1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pancake" title="Pancake">pancake</a> </td> <td>薄煎饼 </td> <td>（美式）鬆餅 </td></tr> <tr> <td>泊車 </td> <td>paak3 ce1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parking" title="Parking">parking</a> a vehicle </td> <td>停车 </td> <td>停車 </td></tr> <tr> <td>啤梨 </td> <td>be1 lei2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pear" title="Pear">pear</a> </td> <td>梨子 </td> <td>梨子 </td></tr> <tr> <td>批 </td> <td>pai1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pie" title="Pie">pie</a> </td> <td>馅饼/派 </td> <td>餡餅/派 </td></tr> <tr> <td>乒乓波 </td> <td>bing1 bam1 bo1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">ping-pong</a> </td> <td>乒乓球 </td> <td>乒乓球/桌球 </td></tr> <tr> <td>布冧 </td> <td>bou3 lam1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">plum</a> </td> <td>李子 </td> <td>李子 </td></tr> <tr> <td>爆谷 </td> <td>baau3 guk1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Popcorn" title="Popcorn">popcorn</a> </td> <td>爆米花 </td> <td>爆米花 </td></tr> <tr> <td>布甸 </td> <td>bou3 din1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pudding" title="Pudding">pudding</a> </td> <td>布丁 </td> <td>布丁 </td></tr> <tr> <td>泵 </td> <td>bam1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pump" title="Pump">pump</a> </td> <td>泵 </td> <td>泵/幫浦 </td></tr> <tr> <td>沙律 </td> <td>saa1 leot2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salad" title="Salad">salad</a> </td> <td>沙拉 </td> <td>沙拉 </td></tr> <tr> <td>三文魚 </td> <td>saam1 man4 jyu2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a> </td> <td>鲑鱼/三文鱼 </td> <td>鮭魚 </td></tr> <tr> <td>沙林 </td> <td>saa3 lam1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salute" title="Salute">salute</a> </td> <td>敬礼 </td> <td>敬禮 </td></tr> <tr> <td>三文治 </td> <td>saam1 man4 zi6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sandwich" title="Sandwich">sandwich</a> </td> <td>三明治 </td> <td>三明治 </td></tr> <tr> <td>沙甸魚 </td> <td>saa1 din1 jyu2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sardine" title="Sardine">sardine</a> </td> <td>沙丁鱼 </td> <td>沙丁魚 </td></tr> <tr> <td>沙士 </td> <td>saa1 si2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sarsaparilla_(soft_drink)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarsaparilla (soft drink)">Sarsaparilla (soft drink)</a> <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome">SARS</a> </td> <td>root beer: 根啤酒 SARS: 萨斯/非典 </td> <td>root beer: 沙士 SARS: (非典型肺炎)沙士 </td></tr> <tr> <td>桑拿 </td> <td>song1 naa4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sauna" title="Sauna">sauna</a> </td> <td>桑拿 </td> <td>桑拿/三溫暖 </td></tr> <tr> <td>私家褲 </td> <td>si6 gaa1 fu4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scarf" title="Scarf">scarf</a> </td> <td>围巾 </td> <td>圍巾 </td></tr> <tr> <td>薯乜 </td> <td>syu4 mat1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Schmuck_(pejorative)" title="Schmuck (pejorative)">schmuck</a> </td> <td>笨蛋 </td> <td>笨蛋 </td></tr> <tr> <td>雪利酒 </td> <td>syut3 lei6 zau2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sherry" title="Sherry">sherry</a> </td> <td>雪利酒 </td> <td>雪利酒 </td></tr> <tr> <td>(表演)騷 </td> <td>sou1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Concert" title="Concert">show (performance)</a> </td> <td>(表演)秀 </td> <td>(表演)秀 </td></tr> <tr> <td>絲打 </td> <td>si1 daa2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sister" title="Sister">sister</a> </td> <td>姐妹 </td> <td>姐妹 </td></tr> <tr> <td>梳打水 </td> <td>so1 daa2 seoi2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carbonated_water" title="Carbonated water">soda</a> </td> <td>苏打水 </td> <td>蘇打水 </td></tr> <tr> <td>梳化 </td> <td>so1 faa2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Couch" title="Couch">sofa</a> </td> <td>沙发 </td> <td>沙發 </td></tr> <tr> <td>(幾)梳乎 </td> <td>so1 fu4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leisure" title="Leisure">relaxing (chilling)</a> ("soft", antonym of "firm") </td> <td>舒适/舒服 </td> <td>舒適/舒服 </td></tr> <tr> <td>士巴拿 </td> <td>si6 baa1 naa4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wrench" title="Wrench">spanner (wrench)</a> </td> <td>扳手 </td> <td>扳手 </td></tr> <tr> <td>士啤 </td> <td>si6 be1 </td> <td>spare </td> <td>备用 </td> <td>備用 </td></tr> <tr> <td>士的 </td> <td>si6 dik1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walking_stick" title="Walking stick">stick</a> </td> <td>拐杖 </td> <td>拐杖 </td></tr> <tr> <td>士多(店鋪) </td> <td>si6 do1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Convenience_store" title="Convenience store">store</a> </td> <td>店铺 </td> <td>店鋪 </td></tr> <tr> <td>士多啤梨 </td> <td>si6 do1 be1 lei2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">strawberry</a> </td> <td>草莓 </td> <td>草莓 </td></tr> <tr> <td>新地 </td> <td>san1 dei2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sundae" title="Sundae">sundae</a> </td> <td>圣代 </td> <td>聖代 </td></tr> <tr> <td>十卜 </td> <td>sap6 buk1 </td> <td>support </td> <td>支持 </td> <td>支持 </td></tr> <tr> <td>T-恤 </td> <td>ti1 seot1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/T-shirt" title="T-shirt">T-shirt</a> </td> <td>T-恤 </td> <td>T-恤 </td></tr> <tr> <td>塔羅牌 </td> <td>taap3 lo4 paai2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot">tarot</a> </td> <td>塔罗牌 </td> <td>塔羅牌 </td></tr> <tr> <td>的士 </td> <td>dik1 si2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">taxi</a> </td> <td>出租车 ("租车" = rental car) </td> <td>計程車 </td></tr> <tr> <td>呔 </td> <td>taai1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Necktie" title="Necktie">tie</a> </td> <td>领带 </td> <td>領帶 </td></tr> <tr> <td>(車)軚 </td> <td>taai1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">tire (tyre)</a> </td> <td>轮胎 </td> <td>輪胎 </td></tr> <tr> <td>多士 </td> <td>do1 si2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toast_(food)" title="Toast (food)">toast</a> </td> <td>吐司 </td> <td>吐司 </td></tr> <tr> <td>拖肥糖 </td> <td>to1 fei2 tong2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toffee" title="Toffee">toffee</a> </td> <td>太妃糖 </td> <td>太妃糖 </td></tr> <tr> <td>吞拿魚 </td> <td>tan1 naa4 jyu2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">tuna</a> </td> <td>金枪鱼 </td> <td>鮪魚 </td></tr> <tr> <td>維他命 </td> <td>wai4 taa1 ming6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">vitamin</a> </td> <td>维生素 </td> <td>維他命 </td></tr> <tr> <td>威化(餅) </td> <td>wai1 faa3 (being2) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wafer" title="Wafer">wafer biscuit</a> <a href="/wiki/Wafer_(electronics)" title="Wafer (electronics)">wafer (electronics)</a> </td> <td>wafer biscuit: 威化饼 wafer (electronics): 晶圆 </td> <td>wafer biscuit: 餅乾 wafer (electronics): 晶圓 </td></tr> <tr> <td>威士忌 </td> <td>wai1 si6 gei2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Whisky" title="Whisky">whisky</a> </td> <td>威士忌 </td> <td>威士忌 </td></tr> <tr> <td>遊艇 </td> <td>jau4 teng5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yachting" title="Yachting">yachting (yacht)</a> </td> <td>游艇 </td> <td>遊艇 </td></tr> <tr> <td>瑜伽 </td> <td>jyu4 gaa1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">yoga</a> </td> <td>瑜伽 </td> <td>瑜迦 </td></tr> <tr> <td>乳酪 </td> <td>jyu5 lok6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">yogurt</a> </td> <td>酸奶 ("乳酪" = cheese) </td> <td>優格 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="From_French">From French</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: From French">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Chinese Characters </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a> </th> <th>French </th> <th>English </th> <th>Mainland Chinese Mandarin </th> <th>Taiwanese Mandarin </th></tr> <tr> <td>梳乎厘 </td> <td>so1 fu4 lei2 </td> <td>soufflé </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Souffl%C3%A9" title="Soufflé">soufflé</a> </td> <td>梳芙厘 </td> <td>舒芙蕾 </td></tr> <tr> <td>古龍水 </td> <td>gu2 lung4 (seoi2) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Perfume" title="Perfume">cologne</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Perfume" title="Perfume">perfume</a> </td> <td>香水 </td> <td>香水 </td></tr> <tr> <td>冷(衫) </td> <td>laang1 (saam1) </td> <td>laine </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">yarn</a> </td> <td>纱线 </td> <td>紗線 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="From_Japanese">From Japanese</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: From Japanese">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Chinese Characters </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a> </th> <th>Japanese </th> <th>Japanese <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">Rōmaji</a> </th> <th>English </th> <th>Mainland Chinese Mandarin </th> <th>Taiwanese Mandarin </th></tr> <tr> <td>卡拉OK </td> <td>kaa1 laa1 ou1 kei1 </td> <td>カラオケ </td> <td>karaoke </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karaoke" title="Karaoke">karaoke</a> </td> <td>卡拉OK </td> <td>卡拉OK </td></tr> <tr> <td>老世 </td> <td>lou5 sai3 </td> <td>世帯主 </td> <td>setainushi </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief (CEO)</a> the Head (of a company) boss </td> <td>老板 </td> <td>老闆 </td></tr> <tr> <td>奸爸爹 </td> <td>gaan1 baa1 de1 </td> <td>頑張って/がんばって </td> <td>ganbatte </td> <td>Keep up! (studying) Come on! (cheering) </td> <td>加油 </td> <td>加油 </td></tr> <tr> <td>放題 </td> <td>fong3 tai4 </td> <td>食べ放題 </td> <td>tabe hōdai </td> <td>buffet </td> <td>布斐 </td> <td>自助餐 </td></tr> <tr> <td>浪漫 </td> <td>long6 maan6 </td> <td>浪漫/ロマンチック </td> <td>rōman </td> <td>romantic </td> <td>浪漫 </td> <td>浪漫 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exported_loanwords">Exported loanwords</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Exported loanwords">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Into_English">Into English</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Into English">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <th>Chinese Characters </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Add_oil" title="Add oil">add oil</a> </td> <td>加油 </td> <td>gaa1 jau2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chop_chop_(phrase)" title="Chop chop (phrase)">chop chop</a> (hurry up) </td> <td>速速 </td> <td>cuk1 cuk1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kowtow" title="Kowtow">kowtow</a> </td> <td>叩頭 </td> <td>kau3 tau4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Typhoon" title="Typhoon">typhoon</a> </td> <td>颱風 </td> <td>toi4 fung1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup">ketchup</a> </td> <td>茄汁 </td> <td>ke2 zap1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Into_Mainland_Chinese_Mandarin">Into Mainland Chinese Mandarin</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Into Mainland Chinese Mandarin">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Mandarin </th> <th>Cantonese </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a> </th> <th>English </th> <th>Mandarin synonyms </th></tr> <tr> <td>买单 </td> <td>埋單 </td> <td>maai4 daan1 </td> <td>(Can we please have the) bill? </td> <td>结账 </td></tr> <tr> <td>搭档 </td> <td>拍檔 </td> <td>paak3 dong3 </td> <td>partner </td> <td>伙伴 (in ownership and business) 舞伴 (in dancing) </td></tr> <tr> <td>打的 </td> <td>搭的士 </td> <td>daap3 dik1 si2 </td> <td>to ride a taxi </td> <td>乘出租车 </td></tr> <tr> <td>无厘头 </td> <td>無釐頭, corruption of 無來頭 </td> <td>mou4 lei4 tau4 </td> <td>nonsensical humour (see <a href="/wiki/Mo_lei_tau" title="Mo lei tau">mo lei tau</a>) newbie who knows nothing </td> <td>莫名其妙 </td></tr> <tr> <td>亮仔/靓仔 </td> <td>靚仔 </td> <td>leng3 zai2 </td> <td>handsome boy </td> <td>帅哥儿 俊男 哥们 (in China only) </td></tr> <tr> <td>拍拖 </td> <td>拍拖 </td> <td>paak3 to1 </td> <td>dating </td> <td>追求 求爱 </td></tr> <tr> <td>很正 </td> <td>好正 </td> <td>hou2 zeng3 </td> <td>(colloquial) awesome; perfect; just right </td> <td>很棒 </td></tr> <tr> <td>搞掂/搞定 </td> <td>搞掂 </td> <td>gaau2 dim6 </td> <td>Is it done yet? (It's) Done! It has been taken care of! </td> <td>办妥 做完 做好 弄完 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Into_Taiwanese_Mandarin">Into Taiwanese Mandarin</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Into Taiwanese Mandarin">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Taiwanese Mandarin </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a> </th> <th>Cantonese </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a> </th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td>(猴)塞雷 </td> <td>(hóu) sāiléi </td> <td>(好)犀利 </td> <td>hou2 sai1 lei6 </td> <td>(very) impressive </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hold住<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> </td> <td>hòu zhù </td> <td>Hold住 </td> <td>hou1 zyu6 </td> <td>hold on hang tight (hang in there) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Into_Japanese">Into Japanese</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Into Japanese">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Japanese <a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a>) </th> <th>Japanese <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">Rōmaji</a> </th> <th>Chinese Characters </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a> </th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td>ヤムチャ (飲茶) </td> <td>yamucha </td> <td>飲茶 </td> <td>jam2 caa4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yum_cha" title="Yum cha">yum cha</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>チャーシュー (叉焼) </td> <td>chāshū </td> <td>叉燒 </td> <td>caa1 siu1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Char_siu" title="Char siu">char siu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>チャーハン (炒飯) </td> <td>chāhan </td> <td>炒飯 </td> <td>caau2 faan6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fried_rice" title="Fried rice">fried rice</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Code-switching_and_loanword_adaptation">Code-switching and loanword adaptation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Code-switching and loanword adaptation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Code-switching_in_Hong_Kong" title="Code-switching in Hong Kong">Code-switching in Hong Kong</a></div> Hong Kong Cantonese has a high number of foreign <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a>. Sometimes, the <a href="/wiki/Part_of_speech" title="Part of speech">parts of speech</a> of the incorporated words are changed. In some examples, some new meanings of English words are even created. For example, "至yeah", literally "the most yeah", means "the trendiest". Originally, "yeah" means "yes/okay" in English, but it means "trendy" when being incorporated into Hong Kong Cantonese (Cf. "<a href="/wiki/Austin_Powers_(character)" title="Austin Powers (character)">yeah baby</a>" and French "<a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A9-y%C3%A9" title="Yé-yé">yé-yé</a>"). Semantic change is common in loanwords; when foreign words are borrowed into Cantonese, polysyllabic words and monosyllabic words tend to become disyllabic, and the second syllable is in the Upper Rising tone (the second tone). For example, "kon1 si2" (coins), "sek6 kiu1" (security) and "ka1 si2" (cast). A few polysyllabic words become monosyllabic though, like "mon1" (monitor), literally means <a href="/wiki/Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">computer monitor</a>. And some new Cantonese <a href="/wiki/Lexicon" title="Lexicon">lexical items</a> are created according to the <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)" title="Morphology (linguistics)">morphology</a> of Cantonese. For example, "laai1 記" from the word "library". Most of the disyllabic words and some of the monosyllabic words are incorporated as their original pronunciation, with some minor changes according to the Cantonese <a href="/wiki/Phonotactics" title="Phonotactics">phonotactics</a>. Incorporating words from foreign languages into Cantonese is acceptable to most Cantonese speakers. Hong Kong Cantonese speakers frequently code-mix although they can distinguish foreign words from Cantonese ones. For instance, "噉都唔 make sense", literally means "that doesn't make sense". After a Cantonese speaker decides to code-mix a foreign word in a Cantonese sentence, <a href="/wiki/Syntax" title="Syntax">syntactical rules</a> of Cantonese will be followed. For instance, "sure" (肯定) can be used like "你 su1 唔 su1 aa3?" (are you sure?) as if it were its Cantonese counterpart "你肯唔肯定?", using the A-not-A question construction. In some circumstances, code-mixing is preferable because it can simplify sentences. An excellent example (though dated) of the convenience and efficiency of such mixing is "打 collect call" replacing "打一個由對方付款嘅長途電話", i.e. 13 syllables reduced to four.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Short-text_adaptations">Short-text adaptations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Short-text adaptations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hong_Kong_Cantonese" title="Special:EditPage/Hong Kong Cantonese">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (November 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abbreviation">Abbreviation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Abbreviation">edit</a>]</div> Abbreviations are commonly used in Hong Kong and have flourished with the use of short messaging over the Internet. Some examples: <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Table of Abbreviation </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Original term</th> <th>Abbreviated term</th> <th>Explanation </th></tr> <tr> <td>Cantonese: 唔知(m4 zi1) English: do not know</td> <td>5G (ng5 G) Example: 甲: 你知唔知邊個係比德? 乙: 我5G English: A: Do you know who is Peter? B: I don't know (5G). </td> <td>The "5" here is not pronounced as "five" but in Cantonese "ng5", which corresponds to the Chinese word "五" (ng5). Since "五"(ng5) and "唔" (m4), "知" (zi1) and "G" have similar pronunciations, "5G" is used to replace the Cantonese term 唔知, which carries the meaning of "don't know". </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cantonese:鍾意(zung1 ji3) English: Like</td> <td>中2 (zung3 ji6) Example: 我好中2佢呀! English: I like (中2 zung3 ji6) him so much! </td> <td>Due to similar pronunciation, the "2" here is pronounced as the Chinese "二" (ji6) rather than "two". Combining this number with the Chinese character "中" (zung3), it carries similar pronunciation as "鍾意"(zung1 ji3) but the structure is much simpler. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cantonese:師奶 (si1 naai1) English: Housewife</td> <td>C9 Example: 你著到成個C9咁 English: You dress like a housewife(C9). </td> <td>The word C9 should be pronounced in English "C nine", which is very similar to Cantonese si1 naai1. It is an easier form of typing the word "師奶" without changing the meaning in Cantonese. The two characters are already on the keyboard so it is much simpler to type. </td></tr> <tr> <td>7-Eleven (7–11) </td> <td>Se-fun(音:些粉)/ Chat1 Jai2(七仔） Example: 去些粉/七仔買野飲先 English : Let's go 7-Eleven (Se-fun 些粉) to buy some drinks. </td> <td>"Chat1" is the Chinese word of seven and "Jai2" is son or boy </td></tr> <tr> <td>Take Away(外賣) </td> <td>Haang4 Gai1(行街) (literal: walk on the street) Example: 魚蛋粉行街! English: Fish Ball Noodles for take-away! (Haang4 Gai1 行街) </td> <td>This abbreviation is often used in Hong Kong-style cafés for take-away. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Uh-huh </td> <td>55 Example: 甲: 你今日要番學? 乙:55 English: A: Do you need to attend school today? B:Yea.(55) </td> <td>Homophonic for "ng ng" (嗯嗯) which indicates agreement or understanding. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Post (發表／張貼)</td> <td>po Example: 我po咗相 English: I posted (po) a photo. </td> <td>example of common omission of final consonant (not naturally occurring in Cantonese) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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title="Portal:Hong Kong">Hong Kong portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Globe_of_letters.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/28px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/42px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/56px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Language" title="Portal:Language">Language portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilingualism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Bilingualism in Hong Kong">Bilingualism in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_profanity" title="Cantonese profanity">Cantonese profanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-switching_in_Hong_Kong" title="Code-switching in Hong Kong">Code-switching in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_Cantonese_pronunciation" title="Proper Cantonese pronunciation">Proper Cantonese pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_national_standards_of_Chinese" title="Comparison of national standards of Chinese">Comparison of national standards of Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_English" title="Hong Kong English">Hong Kong English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Linguistic_Society_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong">The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong</a>, whose Cantonese Romanization Scheme is known as <a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">Varieties of Chinese</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census2021.gov.hk/tc/main_tables.html">"2021 Population Census - Main Tables"</a>. www.census2021.gov.hk. 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Retrieved 20 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chinese+Linguistics&rft.atitle=CHANGE+AND+VARIATION+IN+THE+SYLLABLE-INITIAL+AND+SYLLABLE-FINAL+CONSONANTS+IN+HONG+KONG+CANTONESE+%2F+%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD%E4%B8%AD%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D%E5%8F%8A%E9%9F%B5%E5%B0%BE%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%8B%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%98%E5%BC%82&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E120-%3C%2Fspan%3E167&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23756746%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0091-3723&rft.aulast=Zee&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23756746&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+Cantonese" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToMcleodCheung2015" class="citation journal cs1">To, Carol K. S.; Mcleod, Sharynne; Cheung, Pamela S. P. (2015). "Phonetic variations and sound changes in Hong Kong Cantonese: diachronic review, synchronic study and implications for speech sound assessment". Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics. 29 (5): 333–353. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3109%2F02699206.2014.1003329">10.3109/02699206.2014.1003329</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10722%2F214685">10722/214685</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25651195">25651195</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207449781">207449781</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Linguistics+%26+Phonetics&rft.atitle=Phonetic+variations+and+sound+changes+in+Hong+Kong+Cantonese%3A+diachronic+review%2C+synchronic+study+and+implications+for+speech+sound+assessment.&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E333-%3C%2Fspan%3E353&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10722%2F214685&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A207449781%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25651195&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3109%2F02699206.2014.1003329&rft.aulast=To&rft.aufirst=Carol+K.+S.&rft.au=Mcleod%2C+Sharynne&rft.au=Cheung%2C+Pamela+S.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+Cantonese" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauerCheungCheung2003" class="citation journal cs1">Bauer, Robert S.; Cheung, Kwan-hin; Cheung, Pak-man (2003). "Variation and merger of the rising tones in Hong Kong Cantonese". Language Variation and Change. 15 (2): 211–225. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0954394503152039">10.1017/S0954394503152039</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10397%2F7632">10397/7632</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145563867">145563867</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Language+Variation+and+Change&rft.atitle=Variation+and+merger+of+the+rising+tones+in+Hong+Kong+Cantonese&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E211-%3C%2Fspan%3E225&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10397%2F7632&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145563867%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0954394503152039&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Robert+S.&rft.au=Cheung%2C+Kwan-hin&rft.au=Cheung%2C+Pak-man&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+Cantonese" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reference_5514-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Reference_5514_7-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ohai.ca/post/14">Together Learn Cantonese</a>, see middle section. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF王文虎张一舟周家筠1987" class="citation book cs1">王文虎; 张一舟; 周家筠 (1987). 四川方言词典.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8&rft.date=1987&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E6%96%87%E8%99%8E&rft.au=%E5%BC%A0%E4%B8%80%E8%88%9F&rft.au=%E5%91%A8%E5%AE%B6%E7%AD%A0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+Cantonese" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060820102916/http://ihome.ust.hk/~lbsun/hkloan.html">"A list compiled by lbsun"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ihome.ust.hk/~lbsun/hkloan.html">the original</a> on 20 August 2006. Retrieved 9 August 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+list+compiled+by+lbsun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fihome.ust.hk%2F~lbsun%2Fhkloan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+Cantonese" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111023181037/http://www.why.com.cn/epublish/node32923/node32948/userobject7ai285423.html">"你"Hold住"没"Hold住"?"</a>. 学生导报中职周刊. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.why.com.cn/epublish/node32923/node32948/userobject7ai285423.html">the original</a> on 23 October 2011. Retrieved 5 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BD%A0%22Hold%E4%BD%8F%22%E6%B2%A1%22Hold%E4%BD%8F%22%3F&rft.pub=%E5%AD%A6%E7%94%9F%E5%AF%BC%E6%8A%A5+%E4%B8%AD%E8%81%8C%E5%91%A8%E5%88%8A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.why.com.cn%2Fepublish%2Fnode32923%2Fnode32948%2Fuserobject7ai285423.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+Cantonese" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patrickchu.net/uploads/9/0/5/3/9053324/2007_free_ppt.pdf">"Info"</a> (PDF). www.patrickchu.net.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.patrickchu.net&rft.atitle=Info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patrickchu.net%2Fuploads%2F9%2F0%2F5%2F3%2F9053324%2F2007_free_ppt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+Cantonese" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZee,_Eric1991" class="citation journal cs1">Zee, Eric (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100300006058">"Chinese (Hong Kong Cantonese)"</a>. Illustrations of the IPA. Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 21 (1): 46–48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100300006058">10.1017/S0025100300006058</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Chinese+%28Hong+Kong+Cantonese%29&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E46-%3C%2Fspan%3E48&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100300006058&rft.au=Zee%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0025100300006058&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHong+Kong+Cantonese" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cantonese.sheik.co.uk/">Learn Cantonese (with Cantonese-English / English-Cantonese Dictionary)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070917194434/http://www.amw168.com/">Learn Chinese with Chinese Lyrics</a> Now with Pinyin and sound files</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso10646hk.net/download/jp/doc/JPTableFull.pdf">Jyutping romanisation of Cantonese reading of Chinese characters using in Hong Kong</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hong_Kong361" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse 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class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Hong_Kong" title="Outline of Hong Kong">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_articles_related_to_Hong_Kong" title="Index of articles related to Hong Kong">Index of articles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong" title="History of Hong Kong">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Hong_Kong" title="Prehistoric Hong Kong">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong_under_Imperial_China" title="History of Hong Kong under Imperial China">Imperial China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bao%27an_County" title="Bao'an County">Bao'an County and Xin'an County</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British colony</a></li> <li><a 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title="2000s in Hong Kong">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_in_Hong_Kong" title="2010s in Hong Kong">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_Hong_Kong" title="2020s in Hong Kong">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hong_Kong" title="Geography of Hong Kong">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Hong_Kong" title="Districts of Hong Kong">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_pollution_in_Hong_Kong" title="Air pollution in Hong Kong">Air pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of places in Hong Kong">Areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bays_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of bays in Hong Kong">Bays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaches_of_Hong_Kong" title="Beaches of Hong Kong">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings_and_structures_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of buildings and structures in Hong Kong">Buildings and structures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_channels_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of channels in Hong Kong">Channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of towns in Hong Kong">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Hong_Kong" title="Conservation in Hong Kong">Country parks and conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Hong_Kong" title="Environment of Hong Kong">Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation_in_Hong_Kong" title="Land reclamation in Hong Kong">Land reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_harbours_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of harbours in Hong Kong">Harbours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_and_peninsulas_of_Hong_Kong" title="List of islands and peninsulas of Hong Kong">Islands and peninsulas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lakes of Hong Kong">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_parks_in_Hong_Kong" title="Marine parks in Hong Kong">Marine parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains,_peaks_and_hills_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of mountains, peaks and hills in Hong Kong">Mountains and peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_public_parks_and_gardens_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of urban public parks and gardens in Hong Kong">Public parks and gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reservoirs_of_Hong_Kong" title="List of reservoirs of Hong Kong">Reservoirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_and_nullahs_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of rivers and nullahs in Hong Kong">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of villages in Hong Kong">Villages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Volunteers" title="March of the Volunteers">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law" title="Hong Kong Basic Law">Basic Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Hong_Kong" title="Districts of Hong Kong">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hong_Kong" title="Elections in Hong Kong">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Hong_Kong" title="Emblem of Hong Kong">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Hong_Kong" title="Flag of Hong Kong">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hong_Kong" title="Foreign relations of Hong Kong">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_independence" title="Hong Kong independence">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Hong_Kong" title="Law of Hong Kong">Legal system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Hong Kong">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Hong_Kong_Garrison" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Liberation Army Hong Kong Garrison">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of political parties in Hong Kong">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong protests">Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-British_Joint_Declaration" title="Sino-British Joint Declaration">Sino-British Joint Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions of China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Civil_Service" title="Hong Kong Civil Service">Public services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Hong_Kong" title="Education in Hong Kong">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Fire_Services_Department" title="Hong Kong Fire Services Department">Fire services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Health_Bureau" title="Food and Health Bureau">Food and Health Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Hong_Kong" title="Health in Hong Kong">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hong_Kong" title="Economy of Hong Kong">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of banks in Hong Kong">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Hong_Kong" title="List of companies of Hong Kong">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Hong Kong dollar">Dollar (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_in_Hong_Kong" title="Employment in Hong Kong">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkers_in_Hong_Kong" title="Hawkers in Hong Kong">Hawkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Hong_Kong" title="Port of Hong Kong">Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Stock_Exchange" title="Hong Kong Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Hong_Kong" title="Communications in Hong Kong">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_(business)" title="Hong (business)">The Hongs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Tourism in Hong Kong">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport of Hong Kong">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airlines_of_Hong_Kong" title="List of airlines of Hong Kong">Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_International_Airport" title="Hong Kong International Airport">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_services_in_Hong_Kong" title="Bus services in Hong Kong">Buses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Hong_Kong" title="Cycling in Hong Kong">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Hong_Kong#Ferries" title="Transport in Hong Kong">Ferries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_and_roads_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of streets and roads in Hong Kong">List of roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Hong_Kong" title="Rail transport in Hong Kong">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxicabs_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicabs of Hong Kong">Taxis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Hong_Kong" title="Crime in Hong Kong">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Hong_Kong" title="Prostitution in Hong Kong">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Hong_Kong" title="Sex trafficking in Hong Kong">Sex trafficking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hong_Kong" title="Culture of Hong Kong">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Hong_Kong" title="Architecture of Hong Kong">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hong_Kong" title="Cinema of Hong Kong">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_comics" title="Hong Kong comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheung_Chau_Bun_Festival" title="Cheung Chau Bun Festival">Cheung Chau Bun Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_cuisine" title="Hong Kong cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Hong_Kong" title="Gambling in Hong Kong">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti_in_Hong_Kong" title="Graffiti in Hong Kong">Graffiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_conservation_in_Hong_Kong" title="Heritage conservation in Hong Kong">Heritage conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauhinia_%C3%97_blakeana" title="Bauhinia × blakeana">Hong Kong orchid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Hong_Kong" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Hong Kong">Honours system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_nationalism" title="Hong Kong nationalism">Hong Kong nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Hong_Kong" title="Languages of Hong Kong">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in Hong Kong">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Rock_Spirit" title="Lion Rock Spirit">Lion Rock Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_literature" title="Hong Kong literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDull" title="McDull">McDull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Hong_Kong" title="Media of Hong Kong">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of museums in Hong Kong">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hong_Kong" title="Music of Hong Kong">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngai_jong" title="Ngai jong">Ngai jong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong people">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Demographics of Hong Kong">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Hong_Kong" title="Women in Hong Kong">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Hong_Kong" title="Youth in Hong Kong">Youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong" title="Public holidays in Hong Kong">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hong_Kong" title="Religion in Hong Kong">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">RTHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_in_Hong_Kong" title="Shopping in Hong Kong">Shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Hong_Kong" title="Sport in Hong Kong">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Hong_Kong" title="Television in Hong Kong">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_Hong_Kong" title="Visual art of Hong Kong">Visual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CJKV" class="mw-redirect" title="CJKV">CJKV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinosphere" title="Sinosphere">Sinosphere</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yue_Chinese35" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yue_Chinese" title="Template:Yue Chinese"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yue_Chinese" title="Template talk:Yue Chinese"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yue_Chinese" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yue Chinese"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yue_Chinese35" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Yue Chinese</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ffaaaa"><a href="/wiki/Yuehai_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuehai dialects">Yuehai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Guangzhou</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Cantonese" title="Malaysian Cantonese">Malaysia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiguan_dialect" title="Xiguan dialect">Sai Kwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang_dialect" title="Jiujiang dialect">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiqi_dialect" title="Shiqi dialect">Shekki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weitou_dialect" title="Weitou dialect">Weitou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapeng_dialect" title="Dapeng dialect">Dapeng</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Ping_and_Yue_dialect_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ping_and_Yue_dialect_map.svg/190px-Ping_and_Yue_dialect_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ping_and_Yue_dialect_map.svg/285px-Ping_and_Yue_dialect_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Ping_and_Yue_dialect_map.svg/380px-Ping_and_Yue_dialect_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="323" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #c88cc8"><a href="/wiki/Siyi_Yue" title="Siyi Yue">Sze Yup</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taishanese" title="Taishanese">Taishan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #aab4ff"><a href="/wiki/Goulou_Yue" title="Goulou Yue">Goulou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yulin <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobai_dialect" title="Bobai dialect">Bobai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunan_dialect" title="Yunan dialect">Yunan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>  <a href="/wiki/Gao%E2%80%93Yang_Yue" title="Gao–Yang Yue">Gao–Yang</a></li> <li>  <a href="/wiki/Wu%E2%80%93Hua_Yue" title="Wu–Hua Yue">Wu–Hua</a></li> <li>  <a href="/wiki/Yong%E2%80%93Xun_Yue" title="Yong–Xun Yue">Yong–Xun</a></li> <li>  <a href="/wiki/Qin%E2%80%93Lian_Yue" title="Qin–Lian Yue">Qin–Lian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo%E2%80%93Guang_Yue" title="Luo–Guang Yue">Luo–Guang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romanisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization" title="Guangdong Romanization">Guangdong Romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Government_Cantonese_Romanisation" title="Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation">Hong Kong Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Government_Cantonese_Romanization" title="Macau Government Cantonese Romanization">Macau Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyer%E2%80%93Wempe" title="Meyer–Wempe">Meyer–Wempe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lau_romanisation" title="Sidney Lau romanisation">Sidney Lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._L._Wong_(romanisation)" title="S. L. Wong (romanisation)">S. L. Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILE_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="ILE romanization of Cantonese">ILE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Romanization_(Cantonese)" title="Standard Romanization (Cantonese)">Standard Romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnett%E2%80%93Chao" class="mw-redirect" title="Barnett–Chao">Barnett–Chao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_China222" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_China" title="Template:Languages of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_China" title="Template talk:Languages of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_China222" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_China" title="Languages of China">Languages of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">ARs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">SARs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a><a class="mw-selflink selflink">HK</a>/MC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_English" title="Hong Kong English">English</a>HK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language_in_Inner_Mongolia" title="Mongolian language in Inner Mongolia">Mongolian</a>NM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_Portuguese" title="Macanese Portuguese">Portuguese</a>MC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan">Tibetan</a>XZ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a>XJ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Zhuang" title="Standard Zhuang">Zhuang</a>GX</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_prefectures_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous prefectures of China">Prefecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_language" title="Hmong language">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kam_language" title="Kam language">Kam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouyei_language" title="Bouyei language">Bouyei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tujia_language" title="Tujia language">Tujia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language_in_China" title="Korean language in China">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_people#Language" title="Yi people">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nuea_language" title="Tai Nuea language">Tai Nüa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_language" title="Tai Lue language">Tai Lü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaiwa_language" title="Zaiwa language">Zaiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai_language" title="Bai language">Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani_language" title="Hani language">Hani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Zhuang" title="Standard Zhuang">Zhuang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_counties_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous counties of China">Counties</a>/<a href="/wiki/Banners_of_Inner_Mongolia#Autonomous_banner" title="Banners of Inner Mongolia">Banners</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">numerous</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sino-Tibetan_languages41" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lolo-Burmese_languages" title="Lolo-Burmese languages">Lolo- Burmese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mondzish_languages" title="Mondzish languages">Mondzish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kathu_language" title="Kathu language">Kathu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maang_language" title="Maang language">Maang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manga_language_(China)" title="Manga language (China)">Manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_language_(China)" title="Mango language (China)">Mango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maza_language" title="Maza language">Maza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantsi_language" title="Mantsi language">Mondzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muangphe_language" title="Muangphe language">Muangphe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Burmish_languages" title="Burmish languages">Burmish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achang_language" title="Achang language">Achang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiandao_dialect" title="Xiandao dialect">Xiandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pela_language" title="Pela language">Pela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashi_language" title="Lashi language">Lashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chashan_language" title="Chashan language">Chashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhao_Vo_language" title="Lhao Vo language">Lhao Vo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaiwa_language" title="Zaiwa language">Zaiwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Loloish_languages" title="Loloish languages">Loloish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Loloish_languages" title="Southern Loloish languages">Hanoish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akeu_language" title="Akeu language">Akeu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akha_language" title="Akha language">Akha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amu_language" title="Amu language">Amu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angluo_language" title="Angluo language">Angluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asuo_language" title="Asuo language">Asuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baihong_language" title="Baihong language">Baihong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisu_language" title="Bisu language">Bisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budu_language_(China)" title="Budu language (China)">Budu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukong_language" title="Bukong language">Bukong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosao_language" title="Cosao language">Cosao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duoni_language" title="Duoni language">Duoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duota_language" title="Duota language">Duota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enu_language" title="Enu language">Enu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habei_language" title="Habei language">Habei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani_language" title="Hani language">Hani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honi_language" title="Honi language">Honi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jino_language" title="Jino language">Jino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabi_language" title="Khabi language">Kabie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaduo_language" title="Kaduo language">Kaduo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lami_language" title="Lami language">Lami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laomian_language" title="Laomian language">Laomian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laopin_language" title="Laopin language">Laopin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpi_language" title="Mpi language">Mpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muda_language" title="Muda language">Muda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuobi_language" title="Nuobi language">Nuobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuomei_language" title="Nuomei language">Nuomei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phana%CA%BC_language" title="Phanaʼ language">Phana’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyo_language" title="Piyo language">Piyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qidi_language" title="Qidi language">Qidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadu_language" title="Sadu language">Sadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangkong_language" title="Sangkong language">Sangkong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suobi_language" title="Suobi language">Suobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsukong_language" title="Tsukong language">Tsukong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woni_language" title="Woni language">Woni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiche_language" title="Yiche language">Yiche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lisoish_languages" title="Lisoish languages">Lisoish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eka_language" title="Eka language">Eka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlersu_language" title="Hlersu language">Hlersu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kua-nsi_language" title="Kua-nsi language">Kua-nsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuamasi_language" title="Kuamasi language">Kuamasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizisi_language" title="Laizisi language">Laizisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalo_language" title="Lalo language">Lalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamu_language" title="Lamu language">Lamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavu_language" title="Lavu language">Lavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawu_language" title="Lawu language">Lawu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limi_language" title="Limi language">Limi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipo_language" title="Lipo language">Lipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolopo_language" title="Lolopo language">Lolopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangdi_language" title="Mangdi language">Mangdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micha_language" title="Micha language">Micha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mili_language" title="Mili language">Mili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonaga_language" title="Sonaga language">Sonaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tholo_language" title="Tholo language">Toloza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhang_language" title="Xuzhang language">Xuzhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangliu_language" title="Yangliu language">Yangliu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibusi_language" title="Zibusi language">Zibusi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nisoish_languages" title="Nisoish languages">Nisoish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alingpo_language" title="Alingpo language">Alingpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phupha_language" title="Phupha language">Alugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluo_language" title="Aluo language">Aluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axi_language" title="Axi language">Axi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azha_language" title="Azha language">Azha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azhe_language" title="Azhe language">Azhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muji_language" title="Muji language">Bokha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gepo_language" title="Gepo language">Gepo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khlula_language" title="Khlula language">Khlula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lope_language" title="Lope language">Lope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moji_language" title="Moji language">Moji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muji_language" title="Muji language">Muji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzi_language" title="Muzi language">Muzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasu_language" title="Nasu language">Nasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisu_language" title="Nisu language">Nisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuosu_language" title="Nuosu language">Nuosu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phola_language" title="Phola language">Phala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phola_language" title="Phola language">Phola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phowa_language" title="Phowa language">Phowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muji_language" title="Muji language">Phukha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phuma_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Phuma language">Phuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phupha_language" title="Phupha language">Phupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phupha_language" title="Phupha language">Phupha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phupha_language" title="Phupha language">Phuza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samei_language" title="Samei language">Samei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sani_language" title="Sani language">Sani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thopho_language" title="Thopho language">Thopho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zokhuo_language" title="Zokhuo language">Zokhuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gokhy_language" title="Gokhy language">Gokhy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katso_language" title="Katso language">Katso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kucong_language" title="Kucong language">Kucong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahu_language" title="Lahu language">Lahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naruo_language" title="Naruo language">Naruo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namuyi_language" title="Namuyi language">Namuyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxi_language" title="Naxi language">Naxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusu_language" title="Nusu language">Nusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samu_language" title="Samu language">Samu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanie_language" title="Sanie language">Sanie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zauzou_language" title="Zauzou language">Zauzou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baima_language" title="Baima language">Baima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choyo_language" title="Choyo language">Choyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_language" title="Ersu language">Ersu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiqiong_language" title="Guiqiong language">Guiqiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horpa_language" title="Horpa language">Horpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japhug_language" title="Japhug language">Japhug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khroskyabs_language" title="Khroskyabs language">Khroskyabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laze_language" title="Laze language">Laze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizu_language" title="Lizu language">Lizu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na_language" title="Na language">Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muya_language" title="Muya language">Muya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namuyi_language" title="Namuyi language">Namuyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxi_language" title="Naxi language">Naxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumi_language" title="Pumi language">Pumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Qiang_language" title="Northern Qiang language">Northern Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Qiang_language" title="Southern Qiang language">Southern Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shixing_language" title="Shixing language">Shixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situ_language" title="Situ language">Situ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tshobdun_language" title="Tshobdun language">Tshobdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zbu_language" title="Zbu language">Zbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaba_language" title="Zhaba language">Zhaba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Tibetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amdo_Tibetan" title="Amdo Tibetan">Amdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baima_language" title="Baima language">Baima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basum_language" title="Basum language">Basum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tibetan" title="Central Tibetan">Central Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choni_language" title="Choni language">Choni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dao_language_(China)" title="Dao language (China)">Dao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongwang_Tibetan_language" title="Dongwang Tibetan language">Dongwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drugchu_language" title="Drugchu language">Drugchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groma_language" title="Groma language">Groma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gserpa_language" title="Gserpa language">Gserpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalong_Tibetan_language" title="Khalong Tibetan language">Khalong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khams_Tibetan" title="Khams Tibetan">Khams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyirong_language" title="Kyirong language">Kyirong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakhi_language" title="Ladakhi language">Ladakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tseku_language" title="Tseku language">Tseku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongu_Tibetan_language" title="Zhongu Tibetan language">Zhongu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zitsadegu_language" title="Zitsadegu language">Zitsadegu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bai_language" title="Bai language">Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derung_language" title="Derung language">Derung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingpo_language" title="Jingpo language">Jingpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjia_language" title="Longjia language">Longjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nung_language_(Sino-Tibetan)" title="Nung language (Sino-Tibetan)">Nung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tujia_language" title="Tujia language">Tujia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxiang_Chinese" title="Waxiang Chinese">Waxianghua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_languages41" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other languages</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bit_language" title="Bit language">Bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blang_language" title="Blang language">Blang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolyu_language" title="Bolyu language">Bolyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugan_language" title="Bugan language">Bugan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumang_language" title="Bumang language">Bumang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_language" title="Hu language">Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuan_language" title="Kuan language">Kuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BA%A3ng_language" title="Mảng language">Mang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Met_language" title="Man Met language">Man Met</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muak_language" title="Muak language">Muak Sa-aak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaung_language" title="Palaung language">Palaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riang_language" title="Riang language">Riang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_language" title="U language">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Va_language" title="Va language">Va</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa_language" title="Wa language">Wa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmong-Mien_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Hmong-Mien languages">Hmong-Mien</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmongic_languages" title="Hmongic languages">Hmongic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-Hmao_language" title="A-Hmao language">A-Hmao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu-Nao_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Bu-Nao languages">Bu-Nao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gejia_language" title="Gejia language">Gejia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiyang_Miao_language" title="Guiyang Miao language">Guiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hm_Nai_language" title="Hm Nai language">Hm Nai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_language" title="Hmong language">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmu_language" title="Hmu language">Hmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huishui_Miao_language" title="Huishui Miao language">Huishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiong_Nai_language" title="Kiong Nai language">Kiong Nai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luobohe_Miao_language" title="Luobohe Miao language">Luobohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashan_Miao_language" title="Mashan Miao language">Mashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa-Hng_language" title="Pa-Hng language">Pa-Hng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa_Na_language" title="Pa Na language">Pa Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingtang_Miao_language" title="Pingtang Miao language">Pingtang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xong_language" title="Xong language">Qo Xiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raojia_language" title="Raojia language">Raojia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/She_language" title="She language">Sheyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gha-Mu_language" title="Gha-Mu language">Small Flowery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xixiu_Miao_language" title="Xixiu Miao language">Xixiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younuo_language" title="Younuo language">Younuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mienic_languages" title="Mienic languages">Mienic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biao_Min_language" title="Biao Min language">Biao Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzao_Min_language" title="Dzao Min language">Dzao Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_language" title="Iu Mien language">Iu Mien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Mun_language" title="Kim Mun language">Kim Mun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonan_language" title="Bonan language">Bonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryat_language" title="Buryat language">Buryat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagur_language" title="Dagur language">Daur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Yugur_language" title="Eastern Yugur language">Eastern Yugur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangjia_language" title="Kangjia language">Kangjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamnigan_Mongol" title="Khamnigan Mongol">Khamnigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monguor_language" title="Monguor language">Monguor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oirat_language" title="Oirat language">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_Mongolian" title="Ordos Mongolian">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_language" title="Santa language">Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torgut_Oirat" title="Torgut Oirat">Torgut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kra-Dai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kra-Dai languages">Kra-Dai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_languages" title="Zhuang languages">Zhuang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouyei_language" title="Bouyei language">Bouyei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Zhuang_language" title="Dai Zhuang language">Dai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Zhuang_language" title="Min Zhuang language">Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_languages" title="Zhuang languages">Ningming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nong_Zhuang_language" title="Nong Zhuang language">Nong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Dam_language" title="Tai Dam language">Tai Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_D%C3%B3n_language" title="Tai Dón language">Tai Dón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Ya_language" title="Tai Ya language">Tai Hongjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_language" title="Tai Lue language">Tai Lü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nuea_language" title="Tai Nuea language">Tai Nüa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Ya_language" title="Tai Ya language">Tai Ya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Zhuang_language" title="Yang Zhuang language">Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yei_Zhuang_language" title="Yei Zhuang language">Yei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ai-Cham_language" title="Ai-Cham language">Ai-Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biao_language" title="Biao language">Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyang_language" title="Buyang language">Buyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Miao_language" title="Cao Miao language">Cao Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadong_language" title="Chadong language">Chadong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cun_language" title="Cun language">Cun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelao_languages" title="Gelao languages">Gelao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlai_languages" title="Hlai languages">Hlai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamao_language" title="Jiamao language">Jiamao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kam_language" title="Kam language">Kam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakkia_language" title="Lakkia language">Lakkja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mak_language" title="Mak language">Mak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maonan_language" title="Maonan language">Maonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulam_language" title="Mulam language">Mulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuoxi_language" title="Nuoxi language">Naxi Yao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be_languages" title="Be languages">Ong Be</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paha_language" title="Paha language">Paha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabiao_language" title="Qabiao language">Qabiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_language" title="Sui language">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Then_language" title="Then language">Then</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_languages" title="Tungusic languages">Tungusic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_language" title="Evenki language">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanai_language" title="Nanai language">Nanai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oroqen_language" title="Oroqen language">Oroqen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xibe_language" title="Xibe language">Xibe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_language" title="Äynu language">Äynu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_language" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz language">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turki_language" title="Ili Turki language">Ili Turki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_language" title="Salar language">Salar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yugur_language" title="Western Yugur language">Western Yugur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarikoli_language" title="Sarikoli language">Sarikoli</a> (Indo-European)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsat_language" title="Tsat language">Tsat</a> (Austronesian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formosan_languages" title="Formosan languages">Formosan languages</a> (Austronesian)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_in_China" title="Esperanto in China">Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_language" title="Tuvan language">Tuvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> (Kinh)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_language" title="Wakhi language">Wakhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">Varieties of Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou_dialect" title="Danzhou dialect">Danzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Mandarin" title="Northeastern Mandarin">Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Mandarin_(division_of_Mandarin)" title="Beijing Mandarin (division of Mandarin)">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilu_Mandarin" title="Jilu Mandarin">Ji-Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaoliao_Mandarin" title="Jiaoliao Mandarin">Jiao-Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Plains_Mandarin" title="Central Plains Mandarin">Zhongyuan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanyin_Mandarin" title="Lanyin Mandarin">Lan-Yin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Chinese" title="Jin Chinese">Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Mandarin" title="Southwestern Mandarin">Southwestern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_dialects" title="Sichuanese dialects">Sichuanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Yangtze_Mandarin" title="Lower Yangtze Mandarin">Southeastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gan_Chinese" title="Gan Chinese">Gan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou_Chinese" title="Huizhou Chinese">Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mai_Chinese" title="Mai Chinese">Mai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Chinese" title="Min Chinese">Min</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_Min" title="Teochew Min">Teoswa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainanese" title="Hainanese">Hainanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%E2%80%93Xian_Min" title="Pu–Xian Min">Puxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Min" title="Central Min">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Min" title="Northern Min">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shao%E2%80%93Jiang_Min" title="Shao–Jiang Min">Shaojiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinghua" title="Pinghua">Ping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaozhou_Tuhua" title="Shaozhou Tuhua">Shaozhou Tuhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/She_Chinese" title="She Chinese">Shehua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chu%E2%80%93Qu_Wu" title="Chu–Qu Wu">Chu–Qu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangshan_dialect" title="Jiangshan dialect">Jiangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingtian_dialect" title="Qingtian dialect">Qingtian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou_dialect" title="Quzhou dialect">Quzhou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhounese" title="Wenzhounese">Oujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taihu_Wu" title="Taihu Wu">Taihu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinxiang_dialect" title="Jinxiang dialect">Jinxiang</a></li> <li>Northwestern <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou_dialect" title="Changzhou dialect">Changzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_dialect" title="Hangzhou dialect">Hangzhou</a></li></ul></li> <li>Northern Zhejiang <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo_dialect" title="Ningbo dialect">Ningbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing_dialect" title="Shaoxing dialect">Shaoxing</a></li></ul></li> <li>Su–Jia–Hu <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghainese" title="Shanghainese">Shanghainese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_dialect" title="Suzhou dialect">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi_dialect" title="Wuxi dialect">Wuxi</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou_Wu" title="Taizhou Wu">Taizhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou_dialect" title="Taizhou dialect">Taizhou proper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou_Wu" title="Wuzhou Wu">Wuzhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua_dialect" title="Jinhua dialect">Jinhua</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanzhou_Wu_Chinese" title="Xuanzhou Wu Chinese">Xuanzhou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Chinese" title="Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Xiang" title="New Xiang">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Xiang" title="Old Xiang">Old</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Yue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Creole/Mixed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E_language" title="E language">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou_language" title="Hezhou language">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linglinghua" title="Linglinghua">Lingling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_Patois" title="Macanese Patois">Macanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maojia_dialect" title="Maojia dialect">Maojia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qoqmon%C4%8Daq_language" title="Qoqmončaq language">Qoqmončaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanqiao_language" title="Sanqiao language">Sanqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangwang_language" title="Tangwang language">Tangwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wutun_language" title="Wutun language">Wutun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extinct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%E2%80%93Shu_Chinese" title="Ba–Shu Chinese">Ba–Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jie_language" title="Jie language">Jie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_language" title="Khitan language">Khitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Yue_language" title="Old Yue language">Old Yue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouran_language" title="Rouran language">Rouran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saka_language" title="Saka language">Saka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_language" title="Tangut language">Tangut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_languages" title="Tocharian languages">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_language" title="Tuoba language">Tuoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuyuhun_language" title="Tuyuhun language">Tuyuhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianbei#Language" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang-Zhung_language" title="Zhang-Zhung language">Zhangzhung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Sign_Language" title="Chinese Sign Language">Chinese Sign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Sign_Language" title="Hong Kong Sign Language">Hong Kong Sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Sign_Language" title="Tibetan Sign Language">Tibetan Sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li>GX = Guangxi</li> <li>HK = Hong Kong</li> <li>MC = Macau</li> <li>NM = Inner Mongolia</li> <li>XJ = Xinjiang</li> <li>XZ = Tibet</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&oldid=1268195534">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong_Cantonese&oldid=1268195534</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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