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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Political career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kumar_as_Union_Minister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kumar_as_Union_Minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Kumar as Union Minister</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kumar_as_Union_Minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Law_and_order_reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_and_order_reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Law and order reform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_and_order_reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consolidation_of_Extremely_Backward_Castes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consolidation_of_Extremely_Backward_Castes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Consolidation of Extremely Backward Castes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consolidation_of_Extremely_Backward_Castes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Promotion_of_sport_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Promotion_of_sport_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Promotion of sport culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Promotion_of_sport_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jeevika_project_for_rural_livelihood_promotion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jeevika_project_for_rural_livelihood_promotion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Jeevika project for rural livelihood promotion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jeevika_project_for_rural_livelihood_promotion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenure_as_Chief_Minister_of_Bihar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenure_as_Chief_Minister_of_Bihar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tenure as Chief Minister of Bihar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tenure_as_Chief_Minister_of_Bihar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tenure as Chief Minister of Bihar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tenure_as_Chief_Minister_of_Bihar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_term_(2000)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_term_(2000)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>First term (2000)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_term_(2000)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_term_(2005–2010)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_term_(2005–2010)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Second term (2005–2010)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_term_(2005–2010)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_term_(2010–2014)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_term_(2010–2014)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Third term (2010–2014)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_term_(2010–2014)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_term_(2015)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_term_(2015)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Fourth term (2015)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth_term_(2015)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fifth_term_(2015–2017)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifth_term_(2015–2017)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Fifth term (2015–2017)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifth_term_(2015–2017)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sixth_term_(2017–2020)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sixth_term_(2017–2020)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Sixth term (2017–2020)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sixth_term_(2017–2020)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seventh_term_(2020–2022)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seventh_term_(2020–2022)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Seventh term (2020–2022)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seventh_term_(2020–2022)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eighth_term_(2022–2024)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eighth_term_(2022–2024)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Eighth term (2022–2024)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eighth_term_(2022–2024)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ninth_term_(2024–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ninth_term_(2024–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Ninth term (2024–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ninth_term_(2024–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biographies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biographies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Biographies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biographies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Awards and recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Positions_held" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positions_held"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Positions held</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Positions_held-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nitish Kumar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="नीतीश कुमार – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="नीतीश कुमार" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="নীতিশ কুমার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নীতিশ কুমার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="नीतीश कुमार – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नीतीश कुमार" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitish_Kumar" title="Nitish Kumar – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nitish Kumar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="नितिश कुमार – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="नितिश कुमार" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitish_Kumar" title="Nitish Kumar – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nitish Kumar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="नीतीश कुमार – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नीतीश कुमार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitish_Kumar" title="Nitish Kumar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nitish Kumar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A9_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8" title="ניטיש קומאר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניטיש קומאר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ನಿತೀಶ್ ಕುಮಾರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಿತೀಶ್ ಕುಮಾರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitish_Kumar" title="Nitish Kumar – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nitish Kumar" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="नितीश कुमार – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="नितीश कुमार" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC" title="നിതീഷ് കുമാർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നിതീഷ് കുമാർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="नितीश कुमार – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नितीश कुमार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="نتيش كمار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نتيش كمار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="नीतिश कुमार – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नीतिश कुमार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitish_Kumar" title="Nitish Kumar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nitish Kumar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਨਿਤੀਸ਼ ਕੁਮਾਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਿਤੀਸ਼ ਕੁਮਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="नीतीश कुमार – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नीतीश कुमार" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱱᱤᱛᱤᱥ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱱᱤᱛᱤᱥ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitish_Kumar" title="Nitish Kumar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nitish Kumar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="நிதிஷ் குமார் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நிதிஷ் குமார்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="నితీష్ కుమార్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నితీష్ కుమార్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A8_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="นิตีศ กุมาร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นิตีศ กุมาร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the politician. For the cricketer, see <a href="/wiki/Nitish_Kumar_(cricketer)" title="Nitish Kumar (cricketer)">Nitish Kumar (cricketer)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Nitish Kumar</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nitish_Kumar_with_JDU_functionaries_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Nitish_Kumar_with_JDU_functionaries_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Nitish_Kumar_with_JDU_functionaries_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Nitish_Kumar_with_JDU_functionaries_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Nitish_Kumar_with_JDU_functionaries_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Nitish_Kumar_with_JDU_functionaries_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Nitish_Kumar_with_JDU_functionaries_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="1099" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Kumar in 2022</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">22nd <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Bihar" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of Bihar">Chief Minister of Bihar</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />22 February 2015</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keshari_Nath_Tripathi" title="Keshari Nath Tripathi">Keshari Nath Tripathi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind">Ram Nath Kovind</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Pal_Malik" title="Satya Pal Malik">Satya Pal Malik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lalji_Tandon" title="Lalji Tandon">Lalji Tandon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Phagu_Chauhan" title="Phagu Chauhan">Phagu Chauhan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Arlekar" title="Rajendra Arlekar">Rajendra Arlekar</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tejashwi_Yadav" title="Tejashwi Yadav">Tejashwi Yadav</a> (2015–2017) (2022–2024)<br /><a href="/wiki/Sushil_Kumar_Modi" title="Sushil Kumar Modi">Sushil Kumar Modi</a> (2017–2020)<br /><a href="/wiki/Tarkishore_Prasad" title="Tarkishore Prasad">Tarkishore Prasad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renu_Devi" title="Renu Devi">Renu Devi</a> (2020–2022)<br /><a href="/wiki/Samrat_Chaudhary" class="mw-redirect" title="Samrat Chaudhary">Samrat Chaudhary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vijay_Kumar_Sinha" title="Vijay Kumar Sinha">Vijay Kumar Sinha</a> (2024-Present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jitan_Ram_Manjhi" title="Jitan Ram Manjhi">Jitan Ram Manjhi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Legislative_Council" title="Bihar Legislative Council">MLC</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />24 November 2005 – 20 May 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sushil_Kumar_Modi" title="Sushil Kumar Modi">Sushil Kumar Modi</a> (until 16 June 2013)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/President%27s_rule" title="President's rule">President's rule</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jitan_Ram_Manjhi" title="Jitan Ram Manjhi">Jitan Ram Manjhi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Legislative_Council" title="Bihar Legislative Council">MLC</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />3 March 2000 – 10 March 2000</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rabri_Devi" title="Rabri Devi">Rabri Devi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rabri_Devi" title="Rabri Devi">Rabri Devi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Legislative_Council" title="Bihar Legislative Council">MLC</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Railways_(India)" title="Minister of Railways (India)">Union Minister of Railways</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 March 2001 – 21 May 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mamata_Banerjee" title="Mamata Banerjee">Mamata Banerjee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lalu_Prasad_Yadav" title="Lalu Prasad Yadav">Lalu Prasad Yadav</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />19 March 1998 – 5 August 1999</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ram_Vilas_Paswan" title="Ram Vilas Paswan">Ram Vilas Paswan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mamata_Banerjee" title="Mamata Banerjee">Mamata Banerjee</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture (India)">Union Minister of Agriculture</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />27 May 2000 – 21 July 2001</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunder_Lal_Patwa" title="Sunder Lal Patwa">Sunder Lal Patwa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ajit_Singh_(politician,_born_1939)" title="Ajit Singh (politician, born 1939)">Ajit Singh</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />22 November 1999 – 3 March 2000</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunder_Lal_Patwa" title="Sunder Lal Patwa">Sunder Lal Patwa</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Surface_Transport_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Surface Transport (India)">Union Minister of Surface Transport</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />13 October 1999 – 22 November 1999</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/M._Thambidurai" title="M. Thambidurai">M. Thambidurai</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh">Jaswant Singh</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />14 April 1998 – 5 August 1999</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh">Jaswant Singh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Rajnath Singh</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">National President of <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">Janata Dal (United)</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />29 December 2023</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lalan_Singh" title="Lalan Singh">Lalan Singh</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 April 2016 – 27 December 2020</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sharad_Yadav" title="Sharad Yadav">Sharad Yadav</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/RCP_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="RCP Singh">RCP Singh</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1951-03-01</span>) </span>1 March 1951<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 73)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Bakhtiarpur" title="Bakhtiarpur">Bakhtiarpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, India</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">Janata Dal (United)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">National Democratic Alliance</a> (2024–present; 2017–2022; 1999–2013)<br /><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Developmental_Inclusive_Alliance" title="Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance">Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance</a> (2023–2024)<br /><a href="/wiki/Samata_Party" title="Samata Party">Samata Party</a> (until 2005) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal">Janata Dal</a> (1989–1994)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Manju Sinha</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1973; died 2007)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Kaviraj Ram Lakhan Singh (father)</li><li>Parmeshwari Devi (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Technology,_Patna" title="National Institute of Technology, Patna">Bihar College of Engineering</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Engineering" title="Bachelor of Engineering">BE</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Nitish_Kumar.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nitish Kumar's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Signature_of_Nitish_Kumar.svg/128px-Signature_of_Nitish_Kumar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Signature_of_Nitish_Kumar.svg/192px-Signature_of_Nitish_Kumar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Signature_of_Nitish_Kumar.svg/256px-Signature_of_Nitish_Kumar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="368" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://cm.bihar.gov.in/users/cmprofile.aspx">[1]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nitish Kumar</b> (born 1 March 1951) is an Indian politician who has been serving as the 22nd <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Bihar" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of Bihar">chief minister of Bihar</a> since 22 February 2015, having previously held the office from 2005 to 2014 and for a short period in 2000. He is Bihar's longest serving chief minister whilst also holding the post for his 9th term.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">Janata Dal (United)</a>. Previously, Kumar also served as a Union Minister as the <a href="/wiki/Samata_Party" title="Samata Party">Samata Party</a> member.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was member of the <a href="/wiki/Samata_Party" title="Samata Party">Samata Party</a> until 2005 and <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal">Janata Dal</a> from 1989 to 1994. Kumar first entered politics as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal">Janata Dal</a>, becoming an MLA in 1985. A socialist, Kumar founded the <a href="/wiki/Samata_Party" title="Samata Party">Samata Party</a> in 1994 along with <a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a>. In 1996 he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>, and served as a Union Minister in the government of <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a>, with his party joining the <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">National Democratic Alliance</a>. In 2003 his party merged into the Janata Dal (United), and Kumar became its leader. In <a href="/wiki/October_2005_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">2005</a>, the NDA won a majority in the <a href="/wiki/Bihar_Legislative_Assembly" title="Bihar Legislative Assembly">Bihar Legislative Assembly</a>, and Kumar became chief minister heading a coalition with the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2010_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">2010 state elections</a>, the governing coalition won re-election in a <a href="/wiki/Landslide_victory" title="Landslide victory">landslide</a>. In June 2013, Kumar broke with the BJP after <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> was named as their candidate for prime minister, and formed the <a href="/wiki/Mahagathbandhan_(Bihar)" title="Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)">Mahagathbandhan</a>, a coalition with the <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Janata_Dal" title="Rashtriya Janata Dal">Rashtriya Janata Dal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> and joined in <a href="/wiki/United_Progressive_Alliance" title="United Progressive Alliance">United Progressive Alliance</a>. On 17 May 2014, Kumar resigned as chief minister after the party suffered severe losses in the <a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014 Indian general election</a>, and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Jitan_Ram_Manjhi" title="Jitan Ram Manjhi">Jitan Ram Manjhi</a>. However, he attempted to return as chief minister in February 2015, sparking a <a href="/wiki/2015_Bihar_political_crisis" title="2015 Bihar political crisis">political crisis</a> that eventually saw Manjhi resign and Kumar become chief minister again. Later that year, the Mahagathbandhan won a large majority in the <a href="/wiki/2015_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">state elections</a>. In 2017, Kumar broke with the RJD over corruption allegations and returned to the NDA, leading another coalition with the BJP; at the <a href="/wiki/2020_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">2020 state elections</a> his government was narrowly reelected. In August 2022, Kumar left the NDA, rejoining the Mahagathbandhan (Grand Alliance) and UPA.<sup id="cite_ref-quiting-nda-2022_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quiting-nda-2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2024, Kumar left the Mahagathbandhan once again and rejoined the NDA.<sup id="cite_ref-hindustantimes.com_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hindustantimes.com-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nitish_Kumar_paying_tribute_to_Manju_Sinha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nitish_Kumar_paying_tribute_to_Manju_Sinha.jpg/220px-Nitish_Kumar_paying_tribute_to_Manju_Sinha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nitish_Kumar_paying_tribute_to_Manju_Sinha.jpg/330px-Nitish_Kumar_paying_tribute_to_Manju_Sinha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nitish_Kumar_paying_tribute_to_Manju_Sinha.jpg/440px-Nitish_Kumar_paying_tribute_to_Manju_Sinha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Nitish Kumar paying tribute to his wife Manju Sinha through her statue.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Kumar was born on 1 March 1951 in <a href="/wiki/Bakhtiarpur" title="Bakhtiarpur">Bakhtiarpur</a>, Bihar. His father, Kaviraj Ram Lakhan Singh, was an <a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">ayurvedic practitioner</a>; his mother Parmeshwari Devi was from <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nitish belongs to <a href="/wiki/Kurmi" title="Kurmi">Kurmi</a> agricultural caste.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bio_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His nickname is 'Munna'.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He has earned a degree in Electrical Engineering<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from Bihar College of Engineering (now <a href="/wiki/NIT_Patna" class="mw-redirect" title="NIT Patna">NIT Patna</a>) in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-ht20150818_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ht20150818-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He joined the <a href="/wiki/Bihar_State_Power_Holding_Company_Limited" title="Bihar State Power Holding Company Limited">Bihar State Electricity Board</a>, half-heartedly, and later moved into politics.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He married Manju Kumari Sinha (1955–2007) on 22 February 1973 and the couple has one son.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manju Sinha died in New Delhi on 14 May 2007 due to pneumonia.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2></div> <p>Kumar belongs to a <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> class of politicians. During his early years as a politician he was associated with <a href="/wiki/Ram_Manohar_Lohia" title="Ram Manohar Lohia">Ram Manohar Lohia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Narayan_Sinha" title="Satyendra Narayan Sinha">S. N. Sinha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karpuri_Thakur" class="mw-redirect" title="Karpuri Thakur">Karpuri Thakur</a>, and <a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ht20150818_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ht20150818-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kumar participated in <a href="/wiki/Jayaprakash_Narayan" title="Jayaprakash Narayan">Jayaprakash Narayan</a>'s movement between 1974 and 1977<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and joined the Janata party headed by <a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Narayan_Sinha" title="Satyendra Narayan Sinha">Satyendra Narain Sinha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike <a href="/wiki/Lalu_Prasad_Yadav" title="Lalu Prasad Yadav">Lalu Prasad Yadav</a>, who is considered as a crowd puller, Kumar is considered as a deft communicator.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kumar fought and first time won his election to the state assembly from <a href="/wiki/Harnaut_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harnaut (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Harnaut</a> in 1985. In the initial years, Lalu Prasad Yadav was backed by Kumar as leader of the opposition in Bihar Assembly in the year 1989 but Kumar later switched his loyalty to BJP in 1996, after winning his first <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> seat from <a href="/wiki/Barh" title="Barh">Barh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TOI_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOI-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal">Janata Dal</a> had survived the splits in past when leaders like Kumar and <a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a> defected to form the <a href="/wiki/Samata_Party" title="Samata Party">Samata Party</a> in 1994, but it remained a baseless party after the decision of <a href="/wiki/Lalu_Prasad_Yadav" title="Lalu Prasad Yadav">Lalu Prasad Yadav</a> to form <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Janata_Dal" title="Rashtriya Janata Dal">Rashtriya Janata Dal</a> in 1997. The second split took place prior to <a href="/wiki/Rabri_Devi" title="Rabri Devi">Rabri Devi</a> assuming power which resulted in Janata Dal having only two leaders of any consequence in it, namely <a href="/wiki/Sharad_Yadav" title="Sharad Yadav">Sharad Yadav</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ram_Vilas_Paswan" title="Ram Vilas Paswan">Ram Vilas Paswan</a>. Paswan was regarded as the rising leader of Dalits and had the credit of winning his elections with unprecedented margins. His popularity reached to the national level when he was awarded the post of Minister of Railways in the <a href="/wiki/United_Front_(India,_1996)" title="United Front (India, 1996)">United Front</a> government in 1996 and was subsequently made the leader of Lok Sabha. His outreach was witnessed in the western <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> too, when his followers organised an impressive rally at the behest of a newly floated organisation called <i>Dalit Panthers</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sharad Yadav was also a veteran socialist leader but without any massive support base. In the 1998 Parliamentary elections, the <a href="/wiki/Samata_Party" title="Samata Party">Samata Party</a> and Janata Dal, which was in a much weaker position after the formation of <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Janata_Dal" title="Rashtriya Janata Dal">RJD</a> ended up eating each other's vote base. This made Kumar merge both the parties to form <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">Janata Dal (United)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1999_Indian_general_election" title="1999 Indian general election">1999 Lok Sabha elections</a> Rashtriya Janata Dal received a setback at the hand of <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>+<a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">JD(U)</a> combine. The new coalition emerged leading in 199 out of 324 assembly constituencies and it was widely believed that in the <a href="/wiki/2000_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">forthcoming election to Bihar state assembly</a>, the Lalu-Rabri rule will come to an end. The RJD had fought the election in an alliance with the Congress but the coalition didn't work making state leadership of Congress believe that the maligned image of Lalu Prasad after his name was drawn in the <a href="/wiki/Fodder_Scam" title="Fodder Scam">Fodder Scam</a> had eroded his support base. Consequently, Congress decided to fight the <a href="/wiki/2000_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">2000 assembly elections</a> alone.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanjay2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanjay2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The RJD had to be satisfied with the communist parties as coalition partners but the seat-sharing conundrum in the camp of <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">National Democratic Alliance</a> made Kumar pull his Samta Party out of the Sharad Yadav and Ram Vilas Paswan faction of the Janata Dal. Differences also arose between the BJP and Kumar as the latter wanted to be projected as the Chief Minister of Bihar but the former was not in favour. Even Paswan also wanted to be a <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister">CM</a> face. The Muslims and OBCs were too divided in their opinion. A section of Muslims, which included the poor communities like Pasmanda were of the view that Yadav only strengthened upper Muslims like Shaikh, Sayyid and Pathans and they were in search of new options.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanjay2_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanjay2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yadav also alienated other dominant backward castes like <a href="/wiki/Koeri" title="Koeri">Koeri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurmi" title="Kurmi">Kurmi</a> since his projection as the saviour of Muslims. It is argued by Sanjay Kumar that the belief that, "the dominant OBCs like the twin caste of Koeri-Kurmi will ask for share in power if he seeks their support while the Muslims will remain satisfied with the protection during communal riots only" made Yadav neglect them. Moreover, the divisions in both the camps made the political atmosphere in the state a charged one in which many parties were fighting against each other with no visible frontiers. JD(U) and BJP were fighting against each other on some of the seats and so was the Samta Party. The <a href="/wiki/2000_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">result</a> was a setback for the BJP, which in media campaigns was emerging with a massive victory. RJD emerged as the single largest party and with the political manoeuvring of Lalu Yadav, <a href="/wiki/Rabri_Devi" title="Rabri Devi">Rabri Devi</a> was sworn in as the Chief Minister again.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The media largely failed to gauge the ground level polarisation in Bihar.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanjay2_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanjay2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Sanjay Kumar: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>There can be no doubt about one thing that the upper-caste media was always anti-Lalu and it was either not aware of the ground level polarisation in Bihar, or deliberately ignored it. If the election result did not appear as a setback for RJD, it was largely because of the bleak picture painted by the media. Against this background, RJD's defeat had appeared like a victory.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanjay_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanjay-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> Even after serving imprisonment in connection with the 1997 scam, Lalu seemed to relish his role as the lower-caste jester. He argued that corruption charges against him and his family were the conspiracy of the upper-caste bureaucracy and media elites threatened by the rise of peasant cultivator castes. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_general_election" title="2004 Indian general election">2004 General elections</a>, Lalu's RJD had outperformed other state-based parties by winning 26 Lok Sabha seats in Bihar. He was awarded the post of <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Railways_(India)" title="Minister of Railways (India)">Union Railway minister</a> but the rising aspirations of the extremely backward castes unleashed by him resulted in JD(U) and BJP led coalition to defeat his party in <a href="/wiki/October_2005_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">2005 Bihar Assembly elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kumar_as_Union_Minister">Kumar as Union Minister</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Union_Minister_for_Railways_Shri_Nitish_Kumar_entering_Parliament_to_present_Interim_Railway_Budget_(2004-05)_in_New_Delhi_on_January_30,_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/The_Union_Minister_for_Railways_Shri_Nitish_Kumar_entering_Parliament_to_present_Interim_Railway_Budget_%282004-05%29_in_New_Delhi_on_January_30%2C_2004.jpg/220px-The_Union_Minister_for_Railways_Shri_Nitish_Kumar_entering_Parliament_to_present_Interim_Railway_Budget_%282004-05%29_in_New_Delhi_on_January_30%2C_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/The_Union_Minister_for_Railways_Shri_Nitish_Kumar_entering_Parliament_to_present_Interim_Railway_Budget_%282004-05%29_in_New_Delhi_on_January_30%2C_2004.jpg/330px-The_Union_Minister_for_Railways_Shri_Nitish_Kumar_entering_Parliament_to_present_Interim_Railway_Budget_%282004-05%29_in_New_Delhi_on_January_30%2C_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/The_Union_Minister_for_Railways_Shri_Nitish_Kumar_entering_Parliament_to_present_Interim_Railway_Budget_%282004-05%29_in_New_Delhi_on_January_30%2C_2004.jpg/440px-The_Union_Minister_for_Railways_Shri_Nitish_Kumar_entering_Parliament_to_present_Interim_Railway_Budget_%282004-05%29_in_New_Delhi_on_January_30%2C_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="607" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_(India)" title="Ministry of Railways (India)">Union Minister for Railways</a> Shri Nitish Kumar entering Parliament to present Interim Railway Budget (2004–05) in New Delhi on 30 January 2004</figcaption></figure> <p>Nitish was briefly, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_(India)" title="Ministry of Railways (India)">Union Minister for Railways</a> and Minister for Surface Transport and later, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture (India)">Minister for Agriculture</a> in 1998–99, in the NDA government of <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a>. In August 1999, he resigned following the <a href="/wiki/Gaisal_train_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaisal train disaster">Gaisal train disaster</a>, for which he took responsibility as a minister.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in his short stint as Railway Minister, he brought in widespread reforms, such as internet ticket booking facility in 2002,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> opening a record number of railway ticket booking counters and introducing the <a href="/wiki/Tatkal_scheme" title="Tatkal scheme">tatkal scheme</a> for instant booking. </p><p>Later that year, he rejoined the Union Cabinet as Minister for Agriculture. From 2001 to May 2004, he was – again – the Union Minister for Railways.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2004 Lok Sabha elections, he contested elections from two places, when he was elected from <a href="/wiki/Nalanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nalanda">Nalanda</a> but lost from his traditional constituency, <a href="/wiki/Barh" title="Barh">Barh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_and_order_reform">Law and order reform</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nitish_Kumar_inspecting_Sardar_Patel_Bhavan_with_police_officials.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nitish_Kumar_inspecting_Sardar_Patel_Bhavan_with_police_officials.jpg/300px-Nitish_Kumar_inspecting_Sardar_Patel_Bhavan_with_police_officials.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nitish_Kumar_inspecting_Sardar_Patel_Bhavan_with_police_officials.jpg/450px-Nitish_Kumar_inspecting_Sardar_Patel_Bhavan_with_police_officials.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nitish_Kumar_inspecting_Sardar_Patel_Bhavan_with_police_officials.jpg/600px-Nitish_Kumar_inspecting_Sardar_Patel_Bhavan_with_police_officials.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5544" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>Nitish Kumar in conversation with higher police officials of state, while inspecting Sardar Patel Bhavan, Patna</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the biggest challenge before Kumar after becoming <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister">Chief Minister</a>, during his first term, was deteriorated law and order situation of the state. There were many organised criminal gangs active in the state and <a href="/wiki/Kidnapping" title="Kidnapping">kidnapping</a> was considered as the biggest criminal activity. Besides this, the challenge of <a href="/wiki/Naxalite%E2%80%93Maoist_insurgency" title="Naxalite–Maoist insurgency">left wing extremism</a> in some of the backward areas of the state was also persisting for a long time. Kumar brought the <a href="/wiki/Arms_Act,_1959" title="Arms Act, 1959">Arms Act</a>, and special courts were set up to expedite the process of conviction of those held under this act. Bringing of the Arms Act and stringent implementation brought two way benefits for the Government; first, it became easy for the police to arrest a criminal and second, the use of lethal weapons became prohibited.<sup id="cite_ref-Singh_Santosh_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh_Santosh-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kumar also recruited the retired <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">army officials</a> and soldiers to create a special wing of Police called Special Auxiliary Police (SAP), in order to deal with the <a href="/wiki/Naxalite%E2%80%93Maoist_insurgency" title="Naxalite–Maoist insurgency">Maoist challenge</a> in the state. It brought some kind of economic engagement for the retired military personnels, and at the same time, made available professionally trained <a href="/wiki/Commando" title="Commando">commandos</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Bihar_Police" title="Bihar Police">Bihar Police</a> at low budgetry expense. These commandos were better than the <a href="/wiki/Police_constable" class="mw-redirect" title="Police constable">police constables</a> recruited by the state, in order to deal with the extremists. They just needed special category of weapons, which was provided by the state under Kumar. The retired <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_officer" title="Intelligence officer">intelligence officers</a> were also recruited to form an investigation department, called "Special Vigilance Unit" (SVU). This body dealt with the offences at the level of high level government officials. For acquisition of property of the accused during trial, <i>Bihar Special Court Act 2009</i> was brought, which became effective since 2010. The SVU remained a successful idea in dealing with corruption at the higher level of <a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">bureaucracy</a>. One of the first case before it was the trial of former <a href="/wiki/Director_General_of_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Director General of Police">Director General of Police</a>, Narayan Mishra, who was held for several corruption charges against him.<sup id="cite_ref-Singh_Santosh_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh_Santosh-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to recruit only the qualified candidates in the state Police, the reform in recruitment examination was also brought. Kumar introduced the "Carbon Copy system" in the written examination, which was to be held to recruit the new entrants. In order to prevent tampering of the examination copy, the original copy marked by the candidate was sent directly to the strong room after the examination. The evaluators used to get only the Carbon Copy, and in case of any discrepancy, the original copy was matched with the Carbon Copy evaluated by the evaluators. Further, a permanent recruitment examination was also made compulsory and the physical examination was made qualifying in determining merit, for selection to <a href="/wiki/Constabulary" title="Constabulary">constabulary</a>. In the tenure of Chief Ministers prior to Kumar, only physical examination was deciding factor in selecting the constables. This system was prone to <a href="/wiki/Corruption" title="Corruption">corruption</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cronyism" title="Cronyism">favoritism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Singh_Santosh_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh_Santosh-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The push to the <a href="/wiki/Speedy_trial" title="Speedy trial">speedy trial</a> under Kumar's government brought results within a short period of time, and in 2006 itself, a total of 6,839 offenders were convicted. There witnessed a massive drop in cases registered under the Arms act in the forthcoming terms of Kumar as the Chief Minister. It declined to just 495 by the end of 2010 from 1609 in 2006. According to one opinion, the massive decline was a result of fleeing of many criminals from the state, in order to seek refuse in the <a href="/wiki/Terai" title="Terai">terai</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> as well as eschewing of crime by others to become <a href="/wiki/Good_samaritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Good samaritan">good samaritans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nitish_Kumar_and_Tejaswi_Yadav_inaugurating_Bihar_Police_office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Nitish_Kumar_and_Tejaswi_Yadav_inaugurating_Bihar_Police_office.jpg/220px-Nitish_Kumar_and_Tejaswi_Yadav_inaugurating_Bihar_Police_office.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Nitish_Kumar_and_Tejaswi_Yadav_inaugurating_Bihar_Police_office.jpg/330px-Nitish_Kumar_and_Tejaswi_Yadav_inaugurating_Bihar_Police_office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Nitish_Kumar_and_Tejaswi_Yadav_inaugurating_Bihar_Police_office.jpg/440px-Nitish_Kumar_and_Tejaswi_Yadav_inaugurating_Bihar_Police_office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Nitish Kumar and Tejaswi Yadav inaugurating the office building of Bihar Police in 2023.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kumar's government also took step to empower the <a href="/wiki/District_Magistrate" class="mw-redirect" title="District Magistrate">District Magistrate</a> to apprehend the officials taking bribe in order to reduce corruption. One of the major problem of the prison system of Bihar was laxity available to criminals to operate cell phones from the jail. Many a times, organised crime were planned from within the premise of Bihar's prison. The government took step to fix <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_jammer" title="Mobile phone jammer">Mobile phone jammers</a> in jails, to prohibit the gangsters from operating cell phones. Bihar also actively enforced the All India Prison reforms program, outlined by <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> in a judgement, in order to reform the entire operating system of jails. It included reducing the number of inmates to be included in a particular prison, a step, which was necessary to prevent the overcrowding.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to break the link of the prisoners with the jail authorities, Kumar's government took step like periodically transferring the dreaded criminals, who were convicted in large number of criminal cases from one prison to more secure cells located in <a href="/wiki/Bhagalpur" title="Bhagalpur">Bhagalpur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beur_Central_Jail" title="Beur Central Jail">Beur</a>. One of the significant example of this include, the transfer of Ajay Kanu, a <a href="/wiki/Naxalite" class="mw-redirect" title="Naxalite">naxalite</a>, who was prime accused in "<a href="/wiki/2005_Jahanabad_prison_attack" title="2005 Jahanabad prison attack">2005 Jahanabad Jail Break case</a>", to Beur Jail. In 2022, gangsters like <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakesh_Mahto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rakesh Mahto (page does not exist)">Rakesh Mahto</a>, who was leader of crime syndicate being organised from <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarpur" title="Muzaffarpur">Muzaffarpur</a>, was also transferred from Muzaffarpur to Bhagalpur Jail, in a high security <a href="/wiki/Prison_cell" title="Prison cell">Prison cell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other example, which is part of this routine procedure is of <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Janata_Dal" title="Rashtriya Janata Dal">Rashtriya Janata Dal</a> Member of <a href="/wiki/Bihar_Legislative_Council" title="Bihar Legislative Council">Bihar Legislative Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ritlal_Yadav" title="Ritlal Yadav">Ritlal Yadav</a>, who had numerous cases of <a href="/wiki/Extortion" title="Extortion">extortion</a> and murder against him.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> D.N Gautam, who served as Director General of <a href="/wiki/Bihar_Police" title="Bihar Police">Bihar Police</a>, stated in his autobiography that Nitish Kumar was instrumental in improving the law and order situation in the state of Bihar. Gautam compared the tenures of Kumar's predecessors and has mentioned that in the 1980s, politicians used to come out in support of criminals openly. When Gautam was serving as Rohtas SP and Shahabad Range DIG, he mentions that at least six Members of <a href="/wiki/Bihar_Legislative_Assembly" title="Bihar Legislative Assembly">Bihar Legislative Assembly</a> had extended patronage to dreaded dacoit gangs of <a href="/wiki/Rohtas_Plateau" title="Rohtas Plateau">Kaimur hills</a>, and they were strictly opposed to any sort of police action against dacoit Ramchandra Koeri, who operated out of Kaimur hills in <a href="/wiki/Rohtas_district" title="Rohtas district">Rohtas district</a>. Gautam also mentions that though Kumar had kept his proposal of creation of 'Anti Terrorist Squad' in abeyance, after the Bodhgaya blasts, it was established expeditiously.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consolidation_of_Extremely_Backward_Castes">Consolidation of Extremely Backward Castes</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samrat_Chaudhary_and_Nitish_Kumar_participated_in_Rajya_Sabha_nomination_of_Upendra_Kushwaha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Samrat_Chaudhary_and_Nitish_Kumar_participated_in_Rajya_Sabha_nomination_of_Upendra_Kushwaha.jpg/220px-Samrat_Chaudhary_and_Nitish_Kumar_participated_in_Rajya_Sabha_nomination_of_Upendra_Kushwaha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Samrat_Chaudhary_and_Nitish_Kumar_participated_in_Rajya_Sabha_nomination_of_Upendra_Kushwaha.jpg/330px-Samrat_Chaudhary_and_Nitish_Kumar_participated_in_Rajya_Sabha_nomination_of_Upendra_Kushwaha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Samrat_Chaudhary_and_Nitish_Kumar_participated_in_Rajya_Sabha_nomination_of_Upendra_Kushwaha.jpg/440px-Samrat_Chaudhary_and_Nitish_Kumar_participated_in_Rajya_Sabha_nomination_of_Upendra_Kushwaha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="854" /></a><figcaption>Nitish Kumar with Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar Samrat Chaudhary participating in nomination of <a href="/wiki/Upendra_Kushwaha" title="Upendra Kushwaha">Upendra Kushwaha</a> to Rajya Sabha.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kumar had dual challenge of keeping his core political base of <a href="/wiki/Koeri" title="Koeri">Koeris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurmi" title="Kurmi">Kurmis</a> and Extremely Backward Castes together with a section of upper castes. The <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">National Democratic Alliance</a>, of which Kumar's party was a part, was relying upon the support of a section of upper caste. The share of this section in the political power structure was making it difficult for Kumar to carry on his program of <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a>, specially with respect to consolidation of 'Extremely Backward Castes' (EBC). This group comprised the lower backwards– the castes other than the Koeri, Kurmi, Yadav and Bania. Kumar's government brought the idea of 50% reservation for the women in the <a href="/wiki/Panchayati_raj_in_India" title="Panchayati raj in India">Panchayati Raj</a> institutions at all level. This plan also included 20% reservation in these bodies for the members of Extremely Backward Castes. These quotas, which were given separately to already existing quotas for <a href="/wiki/Schedule_Caste" class="mw-redirect" title="Schedule Caste">Schedule Castes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schedule_Tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Schedule Tribe">Schedule Tribes</a> in local bodies, led to political consolidation of Extremely Backward Castes.<sup id="cite_ref-Sammdar_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sammdar-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reservation to this section of society brought a massive increase in their representation in the three tier Panchayati Raj system. There were many representatives of the EBCs for the post of <a href="/wiki/Mukhi" title="Mukhi">Mukhiya</a>, Pramukhs of Panchayat Samiti as well as President of <a href="/wiki/District_council_(India)" title="District council (India)">Zila Parishad</a>. The membership of this social group in Panchyat Samiti and Zila Parishad also increased.<sup id="cite_ref-Sammdar_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sammdar-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kumar's government also announced a scheme of 50% reservation in state judicial services, within this, the EBCs were given 21% share as against the Other Backward Class, which was given 12% share. The Schedule Castes were also given 16% share of this 50% reservation pie. The step was intended to bring more and more candidates from these social groups in lower judiciary.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to strengthen his outreach and acceptability among the members of Extremely Backward Castes, and to expand his voter base beyond his traditional vote bank, Nitish Kumar embarked on a project to promote EBC leaders within his party. In 2005, a less known leader from the <a href="/wiki/Kahar" title="Kahar">Kahar</a> caste, <a href="/wiki/Chandeshwar_Prasad" title="Chandeshwar Prasad">Chandeshwar Prasad</a> grabbed his attention and Kumar promoted him by making the head of Extremely Backward Caste wing of his party. He was also given significant positions like those of membership of syndicate of <a href="/wiki/Magadh_University" title="Magadh University">Magadh University</a>. At the behest of Nitish Kumar, National Democratic Alliance in 2019 projected Prasad as the candidate for Indian General Elections from <a href="/wiki/Jahanabad_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Jahanabad Lok Sabha constituency">Jahanabad Lok Sabha constituency</a>, which was believed to be a <a href="/wiki/Bhumihar" title="Bhumihar">Bhumihar</a> caste dominated constituency. But, with the backing of Janata Dal United, Prasad as a NDA candidate was able to defeat Rashtriya Janata Dal leader <a href="/wiki/Surendra_Prasad_Yadav" title="Surendra Prasad Yadav">Surendra Prasad Yadav</a>. This was first instance in the history of constituency that an Extremely Backward Caste leader was elected from an upper caste dominated constituency.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to 2024 Lok Sabha polls, on the direction of Nitish Kumar, JDU state president <a href="/wiki/Umesh_Singh_Kushwaha" title="Umesh Singh Kushwaha">Umesh Singh Kushwaha</a> also launched <i>Bheem Samvad</i>, <i>Karpoori Charcha</i> and <i>Bhaichara Yatra</i> (campaigns) to mobilize <a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalits</a>, Extremely Backward Castes and <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Promotion_of_sport_culture">Promotion of sport culture</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samrat_Chaudhary_and_Nitish_Kumar_at_Rajgir_Sports_Academy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Samrat_Chaudhary_and_Nitish_Kumar_at_Rajgir_Sports_Academy.jpg/220px-Samrat_Chaudhary_and_Nitish_Kumar_at_Rajgir_Sports_Academy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Samrat_Chaudhary_and_Nitish_Kumar_at_Rajgir_Sports_Academy.jpg/330px-Samrat_Chaudhary_and_Nitish_Kumar_at_Rajgir_Sports_Academy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Samrat_Chaudhary_and_Nitish_Kumar_at_Rajgir_Sports_Academy.jpg/440px-Samrat_Chaudhary_and_Nitish_Kumar_at_Rajgir_Sports_Academy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="810" /></a><figcaption>Nitish Kumar and Samrat Chaudhary at the Rajgir Sports Academy felicitating sport persons of the state on 29 August 2024.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 29 August 2024, Kumar inaugurated Rajgir Sports Complex and Cricket stadium, which was built in his tenure with the overall funding of <a href="/wiki/%E2%82%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="₹">₹</a> 750 crore. Kumar was joined by Deputy Chief Minister Samrat Chaudhary and Building Construction minister <a href="/wiki/Jayant_Raj_Kushwaha" title="Jayant Raj Kushwaha">Jayant Raj Kushwaha</a>. The sport complex was built on 90 acre of land and contained the facilities for more than 23 sports. This was built to realise the vision of Kumar to create a suitable environment for the sport persons of the state to have proper training environment, in order to enhance their performance in the international gaming events. The complex was thus built with world class sporting infrastructure and technology. <sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was only in 2007 that Kumar announced that Rajgir will get its own sport stadium. The complex contains a main cricket stadium along with eight smaller stadiums. It contains a world class sports library and training academies.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soon after the inauguration by Kumar, <a href="/wiki/Asian_Hockey_Federation" title="Asian Hockey Federation">Asian Hockey Federation</a> announced that this state sports academy of Bihar will host the Asian Women's Hockey Championship of 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jeevika_project_for_rural_livelihood_promotion">Jeevika project for rural livelihood promotion</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nitish_Kumar_visiting_the_stalls_set_up_by_Jivika_Didis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Nitish_Kumar_visiting_the_stalls_set_up_by_Jivika_Didis.jpg/220px-Nitish_Kumar_visiting_the_stalls_set_up_by_Jivika_Didis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Nitish_Kumar_visiting_the_stalls_set_up_by_Jivika_Didis.jpg/330px-Nitish_Kumar_visiting_the_stalls_set_up_by_Jivika_Didis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Nitish_Kumar_visiting_the_stalls_set_up_by_Jivika_Didis.jpg/440px-Nitish_Kumar_visiting_the_stalls_set_up_by_Jivika_Didis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>CM Nitish Kumar inspecting the stalls set up by Jivika Didis on 2 September 2024.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nitish Kumar's government launched the Jeevika project also known as Bihar Rural Livelihood Project in 2006-07. This was launched with the support of <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>. Under this project the bank accounts of rural women were opened and credit was distributed to them for livelihood generation. The women were trained and work according to their skills was provided to them locally. This was achieved through promotion of small cooperatives consisting of group of upto twelve women. Later, the ambit of work given to women under Jeevika project, who are locally known as Jeevika Didis in Bihar, was expanded to providing financial services in rural areas and acting as banking correspondents (Bank Sakhis) from producing agricultural commodities.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kumar government also launched 'Didi Ki Rasoi'. Under this project, women run pantries were opened which were tasked with providing home made fresh food for the schools, hospitals, offices and other places run by state government. Later, states like <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> also decided to adopt this scheme in their local developmental programmes. The governments of these states thus sent officials to study the implementation of the scheme by the Bihar government.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tenure_as_Chief_Minister_of_Bihar">Tenure as Chief Minister of Bihar</h2></div> <p>Kumar is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">Janata Dal (United)</a> political party. As the chief minister, he appointed more than 100,000 school teachers, ensured that doctors worked in primary health centres, electrified many villages,<sup id="cite_ref-sify1_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sify1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> paved roads, cut female illiteracy by half, turned around a lawless state by cracking down on criminals and doubled the income of the average Bihari.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_term_(2000)"><span id="First_term_.282000.29"></span>First term (2000)</h3></div> <p>In March 2000, Nitish was elected <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Bihar" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of Bihar">Chief Minister of Bihar</a> for the first time at the behest of the <a href="/wiki/Vajpayee_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Vajpayee Government">Vajpayee Government</a> in the centre, as Samata Party member.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NDA and allies had 151 MLAs whereas Lalu Prasad Yadav had 159 MLAs in the 324 member house. Both alliances were less than the majority mark that is 163. Nitish resigned before he could prove his numbers in the house.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He lasted 7 days in the post.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_term_(2005–2010)"><span id="Second_term_.282005.E2.80.932010.29"></span>Second term (2005–2010)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Chief_Minister_of_Bihar,_Shri_Nitish_Kumar_discussing_with_the_Prime_Minister,_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_about_the_relief_operations_on_flood-affected_areas,_in_Bihar,_August_28,_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/The_Chief_Minister_of_Bihar%2C_Shri_Nitish_Kumar_discussing_with_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_about_the_relief_operations_on_flood-affected_areas%2C_in_Bihar%2C_August_28%2C_2008.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/The_Chief_Minister_of_Bihar%2C_Shri_Nitish_Kumar_discussing_with_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_about_the_relief_operations_on_flood-affected_areas%2C_in_Bihar%2C_August_28%2C_2008.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/The_Chief_Minister_of_Bihar%2C_Shri_Nitish_Kumar_discussing_with_the_Prime_Minister%2C_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_about_the_relief_operations_on_flood-affected_areas%2C_in_Bihar%2C_August_28%2C_2008.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1432" /></a><figcaption> Nitish Kumar and <a href="/wiki/Lalu_Prasad_Yadav" title="Lalu Prasad Yadav">Lalu Prasad Yadav</a> discussing with the Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a> about the relief operations on flood-affected areas, in Bihar, 28 August 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>After victory in <a href="/wiki/October_2005_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">2005 Bihar Assembly elections</a>, Kumar a leader of OBC <a href="/wiki/Kurmi" title="Kurmi">Kurmi</a> caste was sworn in as the chief minister. During Lalu's time, backward caste candidates came to dominate the Bihar assembly claiming half of the seats in it and it was the aspiration of this powerful social community that led to friction among the united backwards, leading to the rise of Kumar who made both social justice and development as his political theme.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_term_(2010–2014)"><span id="Third_term_.282010.E2.80.932014.29"></span>Third term (2010–2014)</h3></div> <p>Kumar's government also initiated bicycle and meal programs. Giving bicycles to girls who stayed in school resulted in the state getting a huge number of girls into schools and a reduction in school dropout rates.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/2010_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">2010</a>, Kumar's party swept back to power along with its then allies, the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a>, and he again became Chief Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-TOI_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOI-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The alliance won 206 seats, while the RJD won 22.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the first time, electorates witnessed high turnout of women and young voters, while this was declared as the fairest election in Bihar, with no bloodshed or poll violence.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 17 May 2014, Kumar submitted his resignation to the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bihar" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Bihar">Governor of Bihar</a>, a day after his party fared poorly in the <a href="/wiki/2014_Lok_Sabha_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Lok Sabha elections">2014 Lok Sabha elections</a>, winning just 2 seats against 20 seats in the previous election.<sup id="cite_ref-TOI_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOI-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kumar resigned, taking the moral responsibility of his party's poor performance in the election, and <a href="/wiki/Jitan_Ram_Manjhi" title="Jitan Ram Manjhi">Jitan Ram Manjhi</a> took over.<sup id="cite_ref-bp_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bp-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourth_term_(2015)"><span id="Fourth_term_.282015.29"></span>Fourth term (2015)</h3></div> <p>Nitish served a fourth term for a brief period of time in 2015. Kumar again became Chief Minister on 22 February 2015, on the backdrop of upcoming <a href="/wiki/2015_Bihar_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election">2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election</a>, considered to be his toughest election to date.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His JD(U), along with RJD and Congress, formed the <a href="/wiki/Mahagathbandhan_(Bihar)" title="Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)">Mahagathbandhan</a> (Grand Alliance) to counter the BJP in Bihar.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fifth_term_(2015–2017)"><span id="Fifth_term_.282015.E2.80.932017.29"></span>Fifth term (2015–2017)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://youtube.com/watch?v=fRqFLycqiU0">Fir se ek bar ho Bihar me Bahar ho, fir se ek bar ho Nitish Kumar ho</a> Official song of Nitish Kumar's election campaign for 2015 Bihar Assembly elections.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Kumar campaigned aggressively during the elections for the Grand Alliance, countering the allegations raised by Narendra Modi and the BJP.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Grand Alliance won the Assembly election by a margin of 178 over the BJP and its allies, with RJD emerging as the largest party with 80 seats and JD(U) placed second with 71.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kumar was sworn in as Chief Minister on 20 November 2015 for a record fifth time and <a href="/wiki/Tejashwi_Yadav" title="Tejashwi Yadav">Tejashwi Yadav</a> became <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_Minister_of_Bihar" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar">Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TOI_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOI-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kumar's campaign was managed by <a href="/wiki/Prashant_Kishor" title="Prashant Kishor">Prashant Kishor</a>'s Indian Political Action Committee (I-PAC) who were hired to manage the campaign for JD(U).<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I-PAC designed the campaign strategy which included reaching out to a larger set of voters through innovative campaigns, including sending hundreds of branded cycles for outreach,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Har Ghar Dastak (door-to-door outreach)<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the DNA campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sixth_term_(2017–2020)"><span id="Sixth_term_.282017.E2.80.932020.29"></span>Sixth term (2017–2020)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_visiting_the_Bihar_Museum,_in_Patna_on_October_14,_2017._The_Chief_Minister_of_Bihar,_Shri_Nitish_Kumar_is_also_seen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_visiting_the_Bihar_Museum%2C_in_Patna_on_October_14%2C_2017._The_Chief_Minister_of_Bihar%2C_Shri_Nitish_Kumar_is_also_seen.jpg/220px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_visiting_the_Bihar_Museum%2C_in_Patna_on_October_14%2C_2017._The_Chief_Minister_of_Bihar%2C_Shri_Nitish_Kumar_is_also_seen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_visiting_the_Bihar_Museum%2C_in_Patna_on_October_14%2C_2017._The_Chief_Minister_of_Bihar%2C_Shri_Nitish_Kumar_is_also_seen.jpg/330px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_visiting_the_Bihar_Museum%2C_in_Patna_on_October_14%2C_2017._The_Chief_Minister_of_Bihar%2C_Shri_Nitish_Kumar_is_also_seen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_visiting_the_Bihar_Museum%2C_in_Patna_on_October_14%2C_2017._The_Chief_Minister_of_Bihar%2C_Shri_Nitish_Kumar_is_also_seen.jpg/440px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_visiting_the_Bihar_Museum%2C_in_Patna_on_October_14%2C_2017._The_Chief_Minister_of_Bihar%2C_Shri_Nitish_Kumar_is_also_seen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="914" /></a><figcaption>Chief Minister of Bihar Nitish Kumar with Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> in 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>When corruption charges were levelled against <a href="/wiki/Tejashwi_Yadav" title="Tejashwi Yadav">Tejashwi Yadav</a>, the Deputy Chief Minister, Kumar asked for him to resign from the cabinet. The <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Janata_Dal" title="Rashtriya Janata Dal">Rashtriya Janata Dal</a> refused to do so, and therefore Kumar resigned on 26 July 2017, thus ending the Grand Alliance.<sup id="cite_ref-TOI_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOI-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He joined the principal opposition, the <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">NDA</a>, and came back to power within a few hours.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seventh_term_(2020–2022)"><span id="Seventh_term_.282020.E2.80.932022.29"></span>Seventh term (2020–2022)</h3></div> <p>Capitalising on his 15 years consecutive terms as Chief Minister, Kumar highlighted various achievements and developments and listed various schemes carried out by his government and finally managed to get over a tightly contested election. NDA managed to get majority in Legislature Assembly by winning 125 seats as compared to Mahagathbandhan's 110 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was sworn in as Bihar Chief Minister for seventh time in 20 years in the presence of top leaders of NDA.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 December 2020, his deputy <a href="/wiki/Sushil_Kumar_Modi" title="Sushil Kumar Modi">Sushil Kumar Modi</a> was elected unopposed to the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> from <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> to fill the vacant seat after the demise of <a href="/wiki/Ram_Vilas_Paswan" title="Ram Vilas Paswan">Ram Vilas Paswan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So, Nitish resigned on 16 August 2020 and returned as Chief Minister with his new deputies <a href="/wiki/Tarkishore_Prasad" title="Tarkishore Prasad">Tarkishore Prasad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renu_Devi" title="Renu Devi">Renu Devi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 9 August 2022, Kumar resigned as chief minister and removed his party from the NDA, announcing that his party had rejoined the Mahagathbandhan, and would form a governing coalition with the RJD and INC.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eighth_term_(2022–2024)"><span id="Eighth_term_.282022.E2.80.932024.29"></span>Eighth term (2022–2024)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nitish_Kumar_inaugurating_caste_based_census_in_2023_part_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Nitish_Kumar_inaugurating_caste_based_census_in_2023_part_2.jpg/220px-Nitish_Kumar_inaugurating_caste_based_census_in_2023_part_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Nitish_Kumar_inaugurating_caste_based_census_in_2023_part_2.jpg/330px-Nitish_Kumar_inaugurating_caste_based_census_in_2023_part_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Nitish_Kumar_inaugurating_caste_based_census_in_2023_part_2.jpg/440px-Nitish_Kumar_inaugurating_caste_based_census_in_2023_part_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>Nitish Kumar inaugurating the second phase of caste based survey in his ancestral village of Bakhtiarpur, with his family members</figcaption></figure> <p>On 9 August 2022, Kumar broke the alliance with the BJP and resigned as chief minister and revoked his party from the NDA, announcing that his party had rejoined the <a href="/wiki/Mahagathbandhan_(Bihar)" title="Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)">Mahagathbandhan</a>, comprising <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Janata_Dal" title="Rashtriya Janata Dal">RJD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">CPI</a> and other independents, and would form a governing coalition. On 10 August he sworn in as the chief minister of the state for the eighth time in 22 years.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bihar_caste-based_survey_2023" class="mw-redirect" title="Bihar caste-based survey 2023">Bihar caste-based survey 2023</a> started in his sixth term.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this term, in January – February 2023, Kumar initiated his Samadhan Yatra, an outreach campaign, through which he visited various localities of the thirty eight districts of the state of Bihar. The primary motive behind these visits was overseeing the status of various state government developmental schemes and expediting their implementation on ground. During these visits, he was accompanied by his deputy Tejaswi Yadav and occasionally his cabinet ministers, when required.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 November 2023, the Bihar Assembly adjourned amidst protests by the opposition BJP demanding the resignation of Chief Minister Nitish Kumar following his controversial remarks about women's education and population control.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kumar expressed regret for any offense his comments may have caused. Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> criticized Kumar, accusing him of having no shame and insulting women, without directly naming him. Kumar apologized, retracting his statements and reaffirming his support for women's education and empowerment. A complaint was also filed against Kumar for his remarks, with a hearing set for 25 November 2023. Meanwhile, women's organizations condemned the remarks, and the former Chief Minister of Bihar, <a href="/wiki/Rabri_Devi" title="Rabri Devi">Rabri Devi</a>, defended Kumar, suggesting the comments were a slip of the tongue.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 28 January 2024, Kumar resigned as chief minister and rejoined NDA.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ninth_term_(2024–present)"><span id="Ninth_term_.282024.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Ninth term (2024–present)</h3></div> <p>On 28 January, Kumar resigned as the chief minister and broke the Mahagathbandhan alliance with <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Janata_Dal" title="Rashtriya Janata Dal">RJD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Congress</a>, and rejoined the <a href="/wiki/BJP" class="mw-redirect" title="BJP">BJP</a>-led <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">NDA</a> alliance sparking a <a href="/wiki/2024_Bihar_political_crisis" title="2024 Bihar political crisis">political crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the same day, he was sworn in as the Chief Minister for the ninth time in 24 years.<sup id="cite_ref-hindustantimes.com_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hindustantimes.com-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2></div> <p>Nitish Kumar is often criticised for frequently changing and dumping alliances<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> throughout his political career for the sake of continuing as chief minister. This behavior has resulted in him earning the nickname <i>Paltu Ram</i>, meaning a person who frequently changes allegiance.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biographies">Biographies</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nitish_Kumar_with_Alok_Mehta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Nitish_Kumar_with_Alok_Mehta.jpg/220px-Nitish_Kumar_with_Alok_Mehta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Nitish_Kumar_with_Alok_Mehta.jpg/330px-Nitish_Kumar_with_Alok_Mehta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Nitish_Kumar_with_Alok_Mehta.jpg/440px-Nitish_Kumar_with_Alok_Mehta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>Nitish Kumar during his Samadhan Yatra (reachout campaign to oversee the implementation of schemes) with ministers <a href="/wiki/Alok_Kumar_Mehta" title="Alok Kumar Mehta">Alok Kumar Mehta</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Sunil_Kumar_(born_1988)" title="Sunil Kumar (born 1988)">Sunil Kumar</a> (right)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sankarshan_Thakur" title="Sankarshan Thakur">Sankarshan Thakur</a> authored <i>Single Man: The Life and Times of Nitish Kumar of Bihar</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Arun Sinha has authored a book titled <i>Nitish Kumar and The Rise of Bihar</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_recognition">Awards and recognition</h2></div> <ul><li>Anuvrat Puraskar, by Shwetambar Terapanthi Mahasabha (Jain organisation), for enforcing total prohibition on liquor in Bihar, 2017</li> <li>JP Memorial Award, Nagpur's Manav Mandir, 2013<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ranked 77th in <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Policy Magazine">Foreign Policy Magazine</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span> top 100 global thinkers 2012<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLRI" class="mw-redirect" title="XLRI">XLRI</a>, Jamshedpur Sir Jehangir Ghandy Medal for Industrial & Social Peace 2011<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"MSN Indian of the Year 2010"<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDTV_Indian_of_the_Year" title="NDTV Indian of the Year">NDTV Indian of the Year</a> – Politics, 2010<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span> "India's Person of the Year", 2010<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN-IBN" class="mw-redirect" title="CNN-IBN">CNN-IBN</a> "Indian of the Year Award" – Politics, 2010<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>NDTV Indian of the Year – Politics, 2009<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Economics Times</i> "Business Reformer of the Year 2009"<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Polio Eradication Championship Award 2009, by Rotary International<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN-IBN" class="mw-redirect" title="CNN-IBN">CNN-IBN</a> Great Indian of the Year – Politics, 2008<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Best <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister">Chief Minister</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> according to the <a href="/wiki/CNN-IBN" class="mw-redirect" title="CNN-IBN">CNN-IBN</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a></i> State of the Nation Poll 2007</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Positions_held">Positions held</h2></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Period </th> <th>Positions </th> <th>Note </th></tr> <tr> <td>1977 </td> <td>Contested first assembly elections on a <a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a> ticket from <a href="/wiki/Harnaut_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harnaut (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Harnaut</a> but lost </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td>Contested from <a href="/wiki/Harnaut_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harnaut (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Harnaut</a> again, this time on <a href="/wiki/Janata_Party_(Secular)" title="Janata Party (Secular)">Janata Party (Secular)</a> ticket. But he lost again.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985–89 </td> <td>Member, Bihar Legislative Assembly, from <a href="/wiki/Harnaut_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harnaut (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Harnaut</a> </td> <td>First term in Legislative Assembly </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986–87 </td> <td>Member, Committee on Petitions, Bihar Legislative Assembly </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987–88 </td> <td>President, Yuva Lok Dal, Bihar </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987–89 </td> <td>Member, Committee on Public Undertakings, Bihar Legislative Assembly. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989 </td> <td>Secretary-General, <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal">Janata Dal</a>, Bihar </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989 </td> <td>Elected to <a href="/wiki/9th_Lok_Sabha" title="9th Lok Sabha">9th Lok Sabha</a> from <a href="/wiki/Barh_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barh (Lok Sabha constituency)">Barh</a> </td> <td>First term in <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989 – 16 July 1990 </td> <td>Member, House Committee </td> <td>Resigned </td></tr> <tr> <td>April 1990 – November 1990 </td> <td>Union Minister of State, Agriculture and Co-operation </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td>Re-elected to <a href="/wiki/10th_Lok_Sabha" title="10th Lok Sabha">10th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>2nd term in Lok Sabha </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991–93 </td> <td>General-Secretary, Janata Dal. <br />Deputy Leader of Janata Dal in Parliament </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 December 1991 – 10 May 1996 </td> <td>Member, Railway Convention Committee </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 April 1993 – 10 May 1996 </td> <td>Chairman, Committee on Agriculture </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td>Re-elected to <a href="/wiki/11th_Lok_Sabha" title="11th Lok Sabha">11th Lok Sabha</a>. <br /> Member, Committee on Estimates. <br />Member, General Purposes Committee.<br /> Member, Joint Committee on the Constitution (Eighty-first Amendment Bill, 1996) </td> <td>Third term in Lok Sabha </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996–98 </td> <td>Member, Committee on Defence </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td>Re-elected to <a href="/wiki/12th_Lok_Sabha" title="12th Lok Sabha">12th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>4th term in Lok Sabha </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 March 1998 – 5 August 1999 </td> <td>Union Cabinet Minister, Railways </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 April 1998 – 5 August 1999 </td> <td>Union Cabinet Minister, Surface Transport (additional charge) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999 </td> <td>Re-elected to <a href="/wiki/13th_Lok_Sabha" title="13th Lok Sabha">13th Lok Sabha</a> </td> <td>5th term in Lok Sabha </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 October 1999 – 22 November 1999 </td> <td>Union Cabinet Minister, Surface Transport </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 November 1999 – 3 March 2000 </td> <td>Union Cabinet Minister, Agriculture </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 March 2000 – 10 March 2000 </td> <td>Chief Minister, Bihar </td> <td>as 29th Chief Minister of Bihar, only for 7 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 May 2000 – 20 March 2001 </td> <td>Union Cabinet Minister, Agriculture </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 March 2001 – 21 July 2001 </td> <td>Union Cabinet Minister, Agriculture, with an additional charge of Railways </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 July 2001 – 21 May 2004 </td> <td>Union Cabinet Minister, Railways </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td>Re-elected to <a href="/wiki/14th_Lok_Sabha" title="14th Lok Sabha">14th Lok Sabha</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Nalanda_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nalanda (Lok Sabha constituency)">Nalanda</a>. <br />Member, Committee on Coal & Steel. <br />Member, General Purposes Committee. <br />Member, Committee of Privileges. <br />Leader Janata Dal (U) Parliamentary Party, Lok Sabha </td> <td>6th term in <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 November 2005 – 24 November 2010 </td> <td>Chief Minister, Bihar </td> <td>as 31st Chief Minister of Bihar </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td>Elected to Bihar Vidhan Parishad, First term </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 November 2010 – 17 May 2014 </td> <td>Chief Minister, Bihar </td> <td>as 32nd Chief Minister of Bihar </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td>Elected to Bihar Vidhan Parishad, Second term </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 February 2015 – 19 November 2015 </td> <td>Chief Minister, Bihar </td> <td>as 34th Chief Minister of Bihar </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 November 2015 – 26 July 2017 </td> <td>Chief Minister, Bihar </td> <td>as 35th Chief Minister of Bihar<br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 July 2017 – November 2020 </td> <td>Chief Minister, Bihar </td> <td>as 36th Chief Minister of Bihar </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>Elected to Bihar Vidhan Parishad, Third term </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>November 2020 – December 2020 </td> <td>Chief Minister, Bihar </td> <td>as 37th Chief Minister of Bihar </td></tr> <tr> <td>December 2020 – August 2022 </td> <td>Chief Minister, Bihar </td> <td>as 38th Chief Minister of Bihar </td></tr> <tr> <td>August 2022 – January 2024 </td> <td>Chief Minister, Bihar </td> <td>as 39th Chief Minister of Bihar </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 2024 – present </td> <td>Chief Minister, Bihar </td> <td>as 40th Chief Minister of Bihar </td></tr> <tr> <td>2024–present </td> <td>Elected to Bihar Vidhan Parishad, Fourth term </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_politicians_from_Bihar" title="List of politicians from Bihar">List of politicians from Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganga_Water_Lift_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganga Water Lift Project">Ganga Water Lift Project</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVardhan2023" class="citation news cs1">Vardhan, Anand (21 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231022013636/https://www.newslaundry.com/2023/10/21/nitish-kumar-bihars-longest-serving-cm-future-political-challenges">"He's now Bihar's longest serving CM, but can Nitish handle future political challenges?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Newslaundry" title="Newslaundry">Newslaundry</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newslaundry.com/2023/10/21/nitish-kumar-bihars-longest-serving-cm-future-political-challenges">the original</a> on 22 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newslaundry&rft.atitle=He%27s+now+Bihar%27s+longest+serving+CM%2C+but+can+Nitish+handle+future+political+challenges%3F&rft.date=2023-10-21&rft.aulast=Vardhan&rft.aufirst=Anand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newslaundry.com%2F2023%2F10%2F21%2Fnitish-kumar-bihars-longest-serving-cm-future-political-challenges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstpost.com/politics/nitish-kumar-sworn-in-as-cm-for-sixth-time-a-look-at-the-life-of-the-chanakya-of-bihar-politics-3861789.html">"Nitish Kumar sworn-in as CM for sixth time: A look at the life of the 'Chanakya of Bihar politics'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Firstpost</i>. PTI. 27 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181216003725/https://www.firstpost.com/politics/nitish-kumar-sworn-in-as-cm-for-sixth-time-a-look-at-the-life-of-the-chanakya-of-bihar-politics-3861789.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Firstpost&rft.atitle=Nitish+Kumar+sworn-in+as+CM+for+sixth+time%3A+A+look+at+the+life+of+the+%27Chanakya+of+Bihar+politics%27&rft.date=2017-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fnitish-kumar-sworn-in-as-cm-for-sixth-time-a-look-at-the-life-of-the-chanakya-of-bihar-politics-3861789.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quiting-nda-2022-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-quiting-nda-2022_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scroll.in/latest/1030117/nitish-kumar-rejoins-grand-alliance-in-bihar-after-quitting-nda-for-the-second-time">"Nitish Kumar rejoins Grand Alliance in Bihar after quitting NDA for the second time"</a>. <i>Scroll.in</i>. 9 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220820130149/https://scroll.in/latest/1030117/nitish-kumar-rejoins-grand-alliance-in-bihar-after-quitting-nda-for-the-second-time">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scroll.in&rft.atitle=Nitish+Kumar+rejoins+Grand+Alliance+in+Bihar+after+quitting+NDA+for+the+second+time&rft.date=2022-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscroll.in%2Flatest%2F1030117%2Fnitish-kumar-rejoins-grand-alliance-in-bihar-after-quitting-nda-for-the-second-time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bihar-political-crisis-nitish-kumar-dumps-bjp-reunited-rjd-tejashwi-yadav-grand-alliance-government-1985934-2022-08-09">"Nitish Kumar hits reset, reunites with RJD; oath today | Top Points"</a>. <i>India Today</i>. 9 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221007074621/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bihar-political-crisis-nitish-kumar-dumps-bjp-reunited-rjd-tejashwi-yadav-grand-alliance-government-1985934-2022-08-09">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Nitish+Kumar+hits+reset%2C+reunites+with+RJD%3B+oath+today+%7C+Top+Points&rft.date=2022-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Findia%2Fstory%2Fbihar-political-crisis-nitish-kumar-dumps-bjp-reunited-rjd-tejashwi-yadav-grand-alliance-government-1985934-2022-08-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hindustantimes.com-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hindustantimes.com_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hindustantimes.com_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/nitish-kumar-takes-oath-as-cm-for-9th-time-twice-in-two-years-101706441309154.html">"Nitish Kumar takes oath as Bihar CM for 9th time; Samrat Chaudhury, Vijay Kumar Sinha to be deputy CMS"</a>. 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nitish+Kumar+takes+oath+as+Bihar+CM+for+9th+time%3B+Samrat+Chaudhury%2C+Vijay+Kumar+Sinha+to+be+deputy+CMS&rft.date=2024-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Fnitish-kumar-takes-oath-as-cm-for-9th-time-twice-in-two-years-101706441309154.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://state.bihar.gov.in/main/cache/1/Smart%20City/Heartfelt%20tribute%20paid%20to%20late%20Manju%20Sinha%20on%20her%20birth%20anniversary/2.jpg">"Nitish Kumar paying tribute to Manju Sinha"</a>. <i>Government of Bihar</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230401171608/https://state.bihar.gov.in/main/cache/1/Smart%20City/Heartfelt%20tribute%20paid%20to%20late%20Manju%20Sinha%20on%20her%20birth%20anniversary/2.jpg">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Bihar&rft.atitle=Nitish+Kumar+paying+tribute+to+Manju+Sinha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstate.bihar.gov.in%2Fmain%2Fcache%2F1%2FSmart%2520City%2FHeartfelt%2520tribute%2520paid%2520to%2520late%2520Manju%2520Sinha%2520on%2520her%2520birth%2520anniversary%2F2.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/nitish-kumar-1605036925-1">"Biography of Nitish Kumar"</a>. <i>jagranjosh</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220705191131/https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/nitish-kumar-1605036925-1">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jagranjosh&rft.atitle=Biography+of+Nitish+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagranjosh.com%2Fgeneral-knowledge%2Fnitish-kumar-1605036925-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumar2018" class="citation book cs1">Kumar, Sanjay (5 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2zhODwAAQBAJ&pg=PA71"><i>Post mandal politics in Bihar:Changing electoral patterns</i></a>. SAGE publication. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-528-0585-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-528-0585-3"><bdi>978-93-528-0585-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220705191705/https://books.google.com/books?id=2zhODwAAQBAJ&pg=PA71">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Post+mandal+politics+in+Bihar%3AChanging+electoral+patterns&rft.pub=SAGE+publication&rft.date=2018-06-05&rft.isbn=978-93-528-0585-3&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Sanjay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2zhODwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bio-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bio_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/cm-to-attend-nit-p-alumni-meet-on-feb-3/articleshow/67678893.cms">"Chief Minister of Bihar"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. Government of Bihar. 24 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331192319/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/cm-to-attend-nit-p-alumni-meet-on-feb-3/articleshow/67678893.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Chief+Minister+of+Bihar&rft.date=2019-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2Fcm-to-attend-nit-p-alumni-meet-on-feb-3%2Farticleshow%2F67678893.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/happy-birthday-nitish-kumar-10-interesting-facts-about-bihar-chief-minister-1818587">"Nitish Kumar's Nickname Is 'Munna': 10 Facts About Bihar Chief Minister On His Birthday"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220904091546/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/happy-birthday-nitish-kumar-10-interesting-facts-about-bihar-chief-minister-1818587">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nitish+Kumar%27s+Nickname+Is+%27Munna%27%3A+10+Facts+About+Bihar+Chief+Minister+On+His+Birthday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Fhappy-birthday-nitish-kumar-10-interesting-facts-about-bihar-chief-minister-1818587&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/munna-se-nitish-in-poll-bound-bihar-a-comic-starring-the-chief-minister-774570">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Munna Se Nitish': In Poll-Bound Bihar, a Comic Starring the Chief Minister"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220904091552/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/munna-se-nitish-in-poll-bound-bihar-a-comic-starring-the-chief-minister-774570">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Munna+Se+Nitish%27%3A+In+Poll-Bound+Bihar%2C+a+Comic+Starring+the+Chief+Minister&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Fmunna-se-nitish-in-poll-bound-bihar-a-comic-starring-the-chief-minister-774570&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/cm-to-attend-nit-p-alumni-meet-on-feb-3/articleshow/67678893.cms">"Nitish Kumar"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. 24 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331192319/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/cm-to-attend-nit-p-alumni-meet-on-feb-3/articleshow/67678893.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Nitish+Kumar&rft.date=2019-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2Fcm-to-attend-nit-p-alumni-meet-on-feb-3%2Farticleshow%2F67678893.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ht20150818-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ht20150818_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ht20150818_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150817201004/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bihar-elections-the-leaders-who-matter-the-most/article1-1378907.aspx">"Bihar leader-Mr. Nitish Kumar"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. 18 August 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bihar-elections-the-leaders-who-matter-the-most/article1-1378907.aspx">the original</a> on 17 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Bihar+leader-Mr.+Nitish+Kumar&rft.date=2015-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Fbihar-elections-the-leaders-who-matter-the-most%2Farticle1-1378907.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/the-many-sides-of-sushasan-babu-1134772.html">"The many sides of 'sushasan babu'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Deccan Herald</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220810024915/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/the-many-sides-of-sushasan-babu-1134772.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&rft.atitle=The+many+sides+of+%27sushasan+babu%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fnational%2Feast-and-northeast%2Fthe-many-sides-of-sushasan-babu-1134772.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-toi/special-report/I-dream-of-the-old-glory-days-of-Bihar/articleshow/11323112.cms">"I dream of the old glory days of Bihar"</a>. <i>The Times Of India</i>. 1 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190415131521/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-toi/special-report/I-dream-of-the-old-glory-days-of-Bihar/articleshow/11323112.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+Of+India&rft.atitle=I+dream+of+the+old+glory+days+of+Bihar&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fhome%2Fsunday-toi%2Fspecial-report%2FI-dream-of-the-old-glory-days-of-Bihar%2Farticleshow%2F11323112.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/nitish-kumar-s-wife-passes-away-in-delhi/story-W6jz9FvoNtuKkb772mo5zH.html">"Nitish Kumar's wife passes away in Delhi"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. 14 May 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201007170437/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/nitish-kumar-s-wife-passes-away-in-delhi/story-W6jz9FvoNtuKkb772mo5zH.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Nitish+Kumar%27s+wife+passes+away+in+Delhi&rft.date=2007-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia%2Fnitish-kumar-s-wife-passes-away-in-delhi%2Fstory-W6jz9FvoNtuKkb772mo5zH.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://polityindia.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=192:a-politician-other-politicians-should-emulate-&catid=13:article&Itemid=61">"A Politician other Politicians should Emulate!"</a>. Polityindia.com. 18 January 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120330154556/http://polityindia.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=192:a-politician-other-politicians-should-emulate-&catid=13:article&Itemid=61">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Politician+other+Politicians+should+Emulate%21&rft.pub=Polityindia.com&rft.date=2011-01-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpolityindia.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D192%3Aa-politician-other-politicians-should-emulate-%26catid%3D13%3Aarticle%26Itemid%3D61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehinducentre.com/the-arena/current-issues/article25188707.ece">"Jayaprakash Narayan- His Journey & Movements"</a>. <i>www.thehinducentre.com</i>. 11 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200607121135/https://www.thehinducentre.com/the-arena/current-issues/article25188707.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thehinducentre.com&rft.atitle=Jayaprakash+Narayan-+His+Journey+%26+Movements&rft.date=2018-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehinducentre.com%2Fthe-arena%2Fcurrent-issues%2Farticle25188707.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGandhi0101" class="citation book cs1">Gandhi, A.K (January 0101). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MEzIDAAAQBAJ&dq=Nitish+Kumar+joined+Janata+party&pg=PP4"><i>Nitish Kumar</i></a>. Prabhat Prakashan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788184304718" title="Special:BookSources/9788184304718"><bdi>9788184304718</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220806221252/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Nitish_Kumar/MEzIDAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Nitish+Kumar+joined+Janata+party&pg=PP4&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nitish+Kumar&rft.pub=Prabhat+Prakashan&rft.date=101&rft.isbn=9788184304718&rft.aulast=Gandhi&rft.aufirst=A.K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMEzIDAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DNitish%2BKumar%2Bjoined%2BJanata%2Bparty%26pg%3DPP4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbesindia.com/article/person-of-the-year-10/nitish-kumar-the-super-ceo/20592/1">"Nitish Kumar: The Super CEO"</a>. <i>Fobes india</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fobes+india&rft.atitle=Nitish+Kumar%3A+The+Super+CEO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbesindia.com%2Farticle%2Fperson-of-the-year-10%2Fnitish-kumar-the-super-ceo%2F20592%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TOI-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TOI_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TOI_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TOI_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TOI_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TOI_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/nitish-kumars-political-journey-from-a-socialist-leader-to-saffron-ally/articleshow/79158616.cms">"Nitish Kumar's political journey: From a socialist leader to saffron ally"</a>. <i>Times of India</i>. 12 November 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220716214026/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/nitish-kumars-political-journey-from-a-socialist-leader-to-saffron-ally/articleshow/79158616.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Nitish+Kumar%27s+political+journey%3A+From+a+socialist+leader+to+saffron+ally&rft.date=2020-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2Fnitish-kumars-political-journey-from-a-socialist-leader-to-saffron-ally%2Farticleshow%2F79158616.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParanjoy_Guha_ThakurtaShankar_Raghuraman2007" class="citation book cs1">Paranjoy Guha Thakurta; Shankar Raghuraman (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ur6GAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA296"><i>Divided We Stand: India in a Time of Coalitions</i></a>. SAGE Publications India. pp. 296–297. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8132101642" title="Special:BookSources/978-8132101642"><bdi>978-8132101642</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220806221252/https://books.google.com/books?id=ur6GAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA296">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Divided+We+Stand%3A+India+in+a+Time+of+Coalitions&rft.pages=296-297&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications+India&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-8132101642&rft.au=Paranjoy+Guha+Thakurta&rft.au=Shankar+Raghuraman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dur6GAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._Govinda_RaoArvind_Panagariya2015" class="citation book cs1">M. Govinda Rao; Arvind Panagariya (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0_bzCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT170"><i>The Making of Miracles in Indian States: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, and Gujarat</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0190236649" title="Special:BookSources/978-0190236649"><bdi>978-0190236649</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220806221252/https://books.google.com/books?id=0_bzCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT170">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Miracles+in+Indian+States%3A+Andhra+Pradesh%2C+Bihar%2C+and+Gujarat&rft.pages=170&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0190236649&rft.au=M.+Govinda+Rao&rft.au=Arvind+Panagariya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0_bzCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanjay2-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sanjay2_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanjay2_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanjay2_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanjay_Kumar2018" class="citation book cs1">Sanjay Kumar (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IVxODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT85">"Re-emergence of RJD: elections of 2000"</a>. <i>Post-Mandal Politics in Bihar: Changing Electoral Patterns</i>. SAGE publishing India. pp. 85–86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9352805860" title="Special:BookSources/978-9352805860"><bdi>978-9352805860</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220806221253/https://books.google.com/books?id=IVxODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT85">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Re-emergence+of+RJD%3A+elections+of+2000&rft.btitle=Post-Mandal+Politics+in+Bihar%3A+Changing+Electoral+Patterns&rft.pages=85-86&rft.pub=SAGE+publishing+India&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-9352805860&rft.au=Sanjay+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIVxODwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstpost.com/india/rjd-silver-jubilee-high-and-low-points-the-bihar-party-went-through-in-the-last-25-years-9779821.html">"RJD silver jubilee: High and low points the Bihar party went through in last 25 years"</a>. <i>Firstpost</i>. 5 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220904090224/https://www.firstpost.com/india/rjd-silver-jubilee-high-and-low-points-the-bihar-party-went-through-in-the-last-25-years-9779821.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Firstpost&rft.atitle=RJD+silver+jubilee%3A+High+and+low+points+the+Bihar+party+went+through+in+last+25+years&rft.date=2021-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstpost.com%2Findia%2Frjd-silver-jubilee-high-and-low-points-the-bihar-party-went-through-in-the-last-25-years-9779821.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanjay-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sanjay_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanjay_Kumar2018" class="citation book cs1">Sanjay Kumar (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IVxODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT85">"Re-emergence of RJD: elections of 2000"</a>. <i>Post-Mandal Politics in Bihar: Changing Electoral Patterns</i>. SAGE publishing India. pp. 85–86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9352805860" title="Special:BookSources/978-9352805860"><bdi>978-9352805860</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220806221253/https://books.google.com/books?id=IVxODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT85">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Re-emergence+of+RJD%3A+elections+of+2000&rft.btitle=Post-Mandal+Politics+in+Bihar%3A+Changing+Electoral+Patterns&rft.pages=85-86&rft.pub=SAGE+publishing+India&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-9352805860&rft.au=Sanjay+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIVxODwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJason_A._Kirk2010" class="citation book cs1">Jason A. Kirk (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=07ONmXvnb2oC&pg=PA129"><i>India and the World Bank: The Politics of Aid and Influence</i></a>. Anthem Press. p. 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0857289513" title="Special:BookSources/978-0857289513"><bdi>978-0857289513</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220806221253/https://books.google.com/books?id=07ONmXvnb2oC&pg=PA129">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+and+the+World+Bank%3A+The+Politics+of+Aid+and+Influence&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Anthem+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0857289513&rft.au=Jason+A.+Kirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D07ONmXvnb2oC%26pg%3DPA129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zeenews.india.com/bihar/know-how-many-times-nitish-kumar-resigned-from-govt-in-past-2027323.html">"Know how many times Nitish Kumar resigned from govt in past"</a>. <i>Zee News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220716213142/https://zeenews.india.com/bihar/know-how-many-times-nitish-kumar-resigned-from-govt-in-past-2027323.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zee+News&rft.atitle=Know+how+many+times+Nitish+Kumar+resigned+from+govt+in+past&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzeenews.india.com%2Fbihar%2Fknow-how-many-times-nitish-kumar-resigned-from-govt-in-past-2027323.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/2002/08/04/stories/2002080401231000.htm">Railway online booking through credit cards</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/railway-reservation-through-internet/73655">"Railway Reservation through internet"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170426151416/http://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/railway-reservation-through-internet/73655">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Railway+Reservation+through+internet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.outlookindia.com%2Fnewswire%2Fstory%2Frailway-reservation-through-internet%2F73655&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/story-political-journey-of-nitish-kumar-6th-time-becomes-chief-minister-of-bihar-1204747.html">"राजनीतिक सफर: बिहार के CM नीतीश कुमार के बारे में जानिए सब कुछ"</a>. <i>livehindustan.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230317050556/https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/story-political-journey-of-nitish-kumar-6th-time-becomes-chief-minister-of-bihar-1204747.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=livehindustan.com&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%3A+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87+CM+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livehindustan.com%2Fbihar%2Fstory-political-journey-of-nitish-kumar-6th-time-becomes-chief-minister-of-bihar-1204747.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/election/2004/may/13nitish.htm">"Nitish Kumar voted out of Barh, wins in Nalanda"</a>. <i>rediff.com</i>. 13 May 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221170834/http://www.rediff.com/election/2004/may/13nitish.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rediff.com&rft.atitle=Nitish+Kumar+voted+out+of+Barh%2C+wins+in+Nalanda&rft.date=2004-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Felection%2F2004%2Fmay%2F13nitish.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singh_Santosh-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Singh_Santosh_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Singh_Santosh_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Singh_Santosh_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2015" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Santosh (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SVu8CgAAQBAJ&pg=PT239"><i>Ruled Or Misruled: Story and Destiny of Bihar</i></a>. India: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. pp. 239–241. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789385436420" title="Special:BookSources/9789385436420"><bdi>9789385436420</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230416110120/https://books.google.com/books?id=SVu8CgAAQBAJ&pg=PT239">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ruled+Or+Misruled%3A+Story+and+Destiny+of+Bihar&rft.place=India&rft.pages=239-241&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9789385436420&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Santosh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSVu8CgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinha2011" class="citation book cs1">Sinha, Arun (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rT2xWp_iTCYC&pg=PA240"><i>Nitish Kumar and the Rise of Bihar</i></a>. India: Viking. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780670084593" title="Special:BookSources/9780670084593"><bdi>9780670084593</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230416110127/https://books.google.com/books?id=rT2xWp_iTCYC&pg=PA240">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nitish+Kumar+and+the+Rise+of+Bihar&rft.place=India&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780670084593&rft.aulast=Sinha&rft.aufirst=Arun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrT2xWp_iTCYC%26pg%3DPA240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRao2015" class="citation book cs1">Rao, M G (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0_bzCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT178"><i>The Making of Miracles in Indian States: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, and Gujarat</i></a>. United States: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 178–180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-023664-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-023664-9"><bdi>978-0-19-023664-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408074122/https://books.google.com/books?id=0_bzCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT178">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Miracles+in+Indian+States%3A+Andhra+Pradesh%2C+Bihar%2C+and+Gujarat&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=178-180&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-023664-9&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=M+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0_bzCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jagran.com/bihar/bhagalpur-jehanabad-jailbreak-case-mastermind-hardcore-naxalite-ajay-kanu-now-in-patna-beur-jail-sent-secretly-from-bhagalpur-22774634.html">"जहानाबाद जेलब्रेक कांड : मास्टरमाइंड हार्डकोर नक्सली अजय कानू अब पटना बेऊर जेल में, भागलपुर से गोपनीय तरीके से भेजा"</a>. <i>Dainik Jagaran</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230313175807/https://www.jagran.com/bihar/bhagalpur-jehanabad-jailbreak-case-mastermind-hardcore-naxalite-ajay-kanu-now-in-patna-beur-jail-sent-secretly-from-bhagalpur-22774634.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dainik+Jagaran&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1+%3A+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%2C+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagran.com%2Fbihar%2Fbhagalpur-jehanabad-jailbreak-case-mastermind-hardcore-naxalite-ajay-kanu-now-in-patna-beur-jail-sent-secretly-from-bhagalpur-22774634.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/shift-order-for-44-beur-jail-inmates/cid/1310903">"Shift order for 44 Beur jail inmates"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230313181012/https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/shift-order-for-44-beur-jail-inmates/cid/1310903">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Shift+order+for+44+Beur+jail+inmates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2Fbihar%2Fshift-order-for-44-beur-jail-inmates%2Fcid%2F1310903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/patna/growing-mass-appeal-prevented-lalu-police-reforms-nitish-shot-down-ats-former-bihar-dgp-7946082/">"Growing mass appeal and hangers-on prevented Lalu from effecting police reforms, Nitish shot down ATS: Former Bihar DGP"</a>. <i>Indian express express</i>. 31 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230727192039/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/patna/growing-mass-appeal-prevented-lalu-police-reforms-nitish-shot-down-ats-former-bihar-dgp-7946082/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+express+express&rft.atitle=Growing+mass+appeal+and+hangers-on+prevented+Lalu+from+effecting+police+reforms%2C+Nitish+shot+down+ATS%3A+Former+Bihar+DGP&rft.date=2022-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fcities%2Fpatna%2Fgrowing-mass-appeal-prevented-lalu-police-reforms-nitish-shot-down-ats-former-bihar-dgp-7946082%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sammdar-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sammdar_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sammdar_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRanabir_Samaddar2016" class="citation book cs1">Ranabir Samaddar, ed. (3 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ew2rCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA197"><i>Government of Peace Social Governance Security and the Problematic of Peace</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 197–198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1317125389" title="Special:BookSources/978-1317125389"><bdi>978-1317125389</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230411184709/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Ew2rCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA197&dq=">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Government+of+Peace+Social+Governance+Security+and+the+Problematic+of+Peace&rft.pages=197-198&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2016-03-03&rft.isbn=978-1317125389&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEw2rCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nitish-cabinet-declares-50-per-cent-reservation-in-bihar-judicial-services-359840-2016-12-27">"Nitish cabinet declares 50 per cent reservation in Bihar judicial services"</a>. <i>India Today</i>. 27 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230412210734/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nitish-cabinet-declares-50-per-cent-reservation-in-bihar-judicial-services-359840-2016-12-27">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Bihar%3A+JD%28U%29%2C+RJD%2C+Congress+realign+after+two+months+of+secret+discussions&rft.date=2022-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Fbihar-jd-u-rjd-congress-realign-after-two-months-of-secret-discussions-101660071006846.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/t10-january-21-2023/6-let-the-caste-count-begin/articleshow/97181146.cms">"Let the caste count begin"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. 20 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320103836/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/t10-january-21-2023/6-let-the-caste-count-begin/articleshow/97181146.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Let+the+caste+count+begin&rft.date=2023-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Ft10-january-21-2023%2F6-let-the-caste-count-begin%2Farticleshow%2F97181146.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bihar-chief-minister-nitish-kumar-concludes-his-statewide-samadhan-yatra-2335789-2023-02-16">"Nitish Kumar concludes his statewide Samadhan Yatra"</a>. 16 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=The+man+who+transformed+Bihar&rft.date=2012-03-19&rft.aulast=Ramakrishnan&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fbooks%2Fthe-man-who-transformed-bihar%2Farticle3013622.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/The-day-Patil-took-oath-of-office-on-Friday-he-honoured-Nitish-with-the-JP-Memorial-Award-on-behalf-of-Nagpurs-Manav-Mandir-/articleshow/19150828.cms">"The day Patil took oath of office on Friday he honoured Nitish with the JP Memorial Award on behalf of Nagpur's Manav Mandir"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. 23 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180222054232/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/The-day-Patil-took-oath-of-office-on-Friday-he-honoured-Nitish-with-the-JP-Memorial-Award-on-behalf-of-Nagpurs-Manav-Mandir-/articleshow/19150828.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MSN+Indian+Of+The+Year%3A+Nitish+Kumar&rft.pub=News.in.msn.com&rft.date=2010-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.in.msn.com%2Fnational%2Farticle.aspx%3Fcp-documentid%3D4719413&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNDTV_Indian_of_the_Year:_The_winners2011" class="citation web cs1">NDTV Indian of the Year: The winners (18 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndtv.com/video/shows/indian-of-the-year/ndtv-s-indian-of-the-year-awards-2010-191081">"NDTV Indian of the Year: The winners"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NDTV+Indian+of+the+Year%3A+The+winners&rft.pub=NDTV.com&rft.date=2011-02-18&rft.au=NDTV+Indian+of+the+Year%3A+The+winners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Fvideo%2Fshows%2Findian-of-the-year%2Fndtv-s-indian-of-the-year-awards-2010-191081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/2011/01/03/forbes-india-person-of-the-year-nitish-kumar.html">"A Person of the Year: Nitish Kumar"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. 3 January 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170908192605/https://www.forbes.com/2011/01/03/forbes-india-person-of-the-year-nitish-kumar.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=A+Person+of+the+Year%3A+Nitish+Kumar&rft.date=2011-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2F2011%2F01%2F03%2Fforbes-india-person-of-the-year-nitish-kumar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101216084407/http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/137243/cnnibn-ioty-in-politics-nitish-kumar.html">Nitish Kumar, CNN IBN Indian of the year-2010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndtv.com/news/videos/video_player.php?id=1204670">"News " Videos"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=News+%22+Videos&rft.pub=NDTV&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Fnews%2Fvideos%2Fvideo_player.php%3Fid%3D1204670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/4931000.cms">"Features"</a>. <i>The Times Of India</i>. India. 25 August 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180221163346/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/4931000.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+Of+India&rft.atitle=Features&rft.date=2009-08-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Farticleshow%2F4931000.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Awards-galore-for-Nitish/articleshow/7153302.cms">"Awards galore for Nitish"</a>. <i>The Times Of India</i>. India. 24 December 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181109184404/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Awards-galore-for-Nitish/articleshow/7153302.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+Of+India&rft.atitle=Awards+galore+for+Nitish&rft.date=2010-12-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2FAwards-galore-for-Nitish%2Farticleshow%2F7153302.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianoftheyear.com/index08.php">Indian Of The Year 2008 – Politics Winner Nitish Kumar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713025026/http://www.indianoftheyear.com/index08.php">Archived</a> 13 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424025902/http://ibnlive.in.com/features/rday/stateofthenation/cm.php">"IBN"</a>. Ibnlive.in.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibnlive.in.com/features/rday/stateofthenation/cm.php">the original</a> on 24 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBN&rft.pub=Ibnlive.in.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fibnlive.in.com%2Ffeatures%2Frday%2Fstateofthenation%2Fcm.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/1980-election-results.html">"Bihar Assembly Election Results in 1980"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210612193957/https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/1980-election-results.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bihar+Assembly+Election+Results+in+1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.in%2Fbihar%2Fassembly-constituencies%2F1980-election-results.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANitish+Kumar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nitish_Kumar" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nitish Kumar">Nitish Kumar</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nitishspeaks.blogspot.in/">Official Blog</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gov.bih.nic.in/Governance/NitishKumar.htm">Nitish Kumar Website at Government of Bihar</a></span></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rabri_Devi" title="Rabri Devi">Rabri Devi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Bihar" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of Bihar">Chief Minister of Bihar</a> </b><br />3 March 2000 – 10 March 2000 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rabri_Devi" title="Rabri Devi">Rabri Devi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/President%27s_rule" title="President's rule">President's rule</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Bihar" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of Bihar">Chief Minister of Bihar</a> </b><br />24 November 2005 – 17 May 2014 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jitan_Ram_Manjhi" title="Jitan Ram Manjhi">Jitan Ram Manjhi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jitan_Ram_Manjhi" title="Jitan Ram Manjhi">Jitan Ram Manjhi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Bihar" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of Bihar">Chief Minister of Bihar</a> </b><br />22 February 2015 –  </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i>incumbent</i></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chief ministers of Bihar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Chief_ministers_of_Bihar" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Bihar" title="List of chief ministers of Bihar">Chief ministers of Bihar</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Krishna_Sinha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Krishna Sinha">Sri Krishna Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Narayan_Singh" title="Deep Narayan Singh">Deep Narayan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binodanand_Jha" title="Binodanand Jha">Binodanand Jha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Ballabh_Sahay" title="Krishna Ballabh Sahay">Krishna Ballabh Sahay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahamaya_Prasad_Sinha" title="Mahamaya Prasad Sinha">Mahamaya Prasad Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Prasad_Singh" title="Satish Prasad Singh">Satish Prasad Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._P._Mandal" title="B. P. Mandal">B. P. Mandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhola_Paswan_Shastri" title="Bhola Paswan Shastri">Bhola Paswan Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harihar_Singh" title="Harihar Singh">Harihar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daroga_Prasad_Rai" title="Daroga Prasad Rai">Daroga Prasad Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karpoori_Thakur" title="Karpoori Thakur">Karpoori Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedar_Pandey" title="Kedar Pandey">Kedar Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghafoor_(politician,_born_1918)" title="Abdul Ghafoor (politician, born 1918)">Abdul Ghafoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Mishra" title="Jagannath Mishra">Jagannath Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Sundar_Das" title="Ram Sundar Das">Ram Sundar Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrashekhar_Singh" title="Chandrashekhar Singh">Chandrashekhar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindeshwari_Dubey" title="Bindeshwari Dubey">Bindeshwari Dubey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagwat_Jha_Azad" title="Bhagwat Jha Azad">Bhagwat Jha Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Narayan_Sinha" title="Satyendra Narayan Sinha">Satyendra Narayan Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalu_Prasad_Yadav" title="Lalu Prasad Yadav">Lalu Prasad Yadav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabri_Devi" title="Rabri Devi">Rabri Devi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nitish Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jitan_Ram_Manjhi" title="Jitan Ram Manjhi">Jitan Ram Manjhi</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_Chief_Ministers_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_Indian_chief_ministers" title="Template:Current Indian chief ministers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_Indian_chief_ministers" title="Template talk:Current Indian chief ministers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_Indian_chief_ministers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current Indian chief ministers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_Chief_Ministers_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_chief_ministers" title="List of current Indian chief ministers">Current Chief Ministers of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/N._Chandrababu_Naidu" title="N. Chandrababu Naidu">N. Chandrababu Naidu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Telugu_Desam_Party" title="Telugu Desam Party">TDP</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Arunachal_Pradesh" title="List of chief ministers of Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pema_Khandu" title="Pema Khandu">Pema Khandu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Assam" title="List of chief ministers of Assam">Assam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Himanta_Biswa_Sarma" title="Himanta Biswa Sarma">Himanta Biswa Sarma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Bihar" title="List of chief ministers of Bihar">Bihar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nitish Kumar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(United)" title="Janata Dal (United)">JD(U)</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Chhattisgarh" title="List of chief ministers of Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Deo_Sai" title="Vishnu Deo Sai">Vishnu Deo Sai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Goa" title="List of chief ministers of Goa">Goa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Sawant" title="Pramod Sawant">Pramod Sawant</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Gujarat" title="List of chief ministers of Gujarat">Gujarat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bhupendrabhai_Patel" title="Bhupendrabhai Patel">Bhupendrabhai Patel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Haryana" title="List of chief ministers of Haryana">Haryana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nayab_Singh_Saini" title="Nayab Singh Saini">Nayab Singh Saini</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Himachal_Pradesh" title="List of chief ministers of Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sukhvinder_Singh_Sukhu" title="Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu">Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="List of chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Omar_Abdullah" title="Omar Abdullah">Omar Abdullah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir_National_Conference" title="Jammu & Kashmir National Conference">JKNC</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Jharkhand" title="List of chief ministers of Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hemant_Soren" title="Hemant Soren">Hemant Soren</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jharkhand_Mukti_Morcha" title="Jharkhand Mukti Morcha">JMM</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Karnataka" title="List of chief ministers of Karnataka">Karnataka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Siddaramaiah" title="Siddaramaiah">Siddaramaiah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Kerala" title="List of chief ministers of Kerala">Kerala</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pinarayi_Vijayan" title="Pinarayi Vijayan">Pinarayi Vijayan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">CPI(M)</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Madhya_Pradesh" title="List of chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Yadav" title="Mohan Yadav">Mohan Yadav</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Maharashtra" title="List of chief ministers of Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Devendra_Fadnavis" title="Devendra Fadnavis">Devendra Fadnavis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Manipur" title="List of chief ministers of Manipur">Manipur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/N._Biren_Singh" title="N. Biren Singh">N. Biren Singh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Meghalaya" title="List of chief ministers of Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Sangma" title="Conrad Sangma">Conrad Sangma</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Party_(India)" title="National People's Party (India)">NPP</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Mizoram" title="List of chief ministers of Mizoram">Mizoram</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Lalduhoma" title="Lalduhoma">Lalduhoma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zoram_People%27s_Movement" title="Zoram People's Movement">ZPM</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Nagaland" title="List of chief ministers of Nagaland">Nagaland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Neiphiu_Rio" title="Neiphiu Rio">Neiphiu Rio</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party">NDPP</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Delhi" title="List of chief ministers of Delhi">NCT of Delhi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Atishi" class="mw-redirect" title="Atishi">Atishi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aam_Aadmi_Party" title="Aam Aadmi Party">AAP</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Odisha" title="List of chief ministers of Odisha">Odisha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Charan_Majhi" title="Mohan Charan Majhi">Mohan Charan Majhi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Puducherry" title="List of chief ministers of Puducherry">Puducherry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/N._Rangasamy" class="mw-redirect" title="N. Rangasamy">N. Rangasamy</a> (<a href="/wiki/All_India_N.R._Congress" title="All India N.R. Congress">AINRC</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Punjab_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)">Punjab</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bhagwant_Mann" title="Bhagwant Mann">Bhagwant Mann</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aam_Aadmi_Party" title="Aam Aadmi Party">AAP</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Rajasthan" title="List of chief ministers of Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bhajan_Lal_Sharma" title="Bhajan Lal Sharma">Bhajan Lal Sharma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Sikkim" title="List of chief ministers of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Prem_Singh_Tamang" title="Prem Singh Tamang">Prem Singh Tamang</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Krantikari_Morcha" title="Sikkim Krantikari Morcha">SKM</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Tamil_Nadu" title="List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/M._K._Stalin" title="M. K. Stalin">M. K. Stalin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">DMK</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Telangana" title="List of chief ministers of Telangana">Telangana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Revanth_Reddy" title="Revanth Reddy">Revanth Reddy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Tripura" title="List of chief ministers of Tripura">Tripura</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Manik_Saha" title="Manik Saha">Manik Saha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="List of chief ministers of Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Adityanath" title="Yogi Adityanath">Yogi Adityanath</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Uttarakhand" title="List of chief ministers of Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pushkar_Singh_Dhami" title="Pushkar Singh Dhami">Pushkar Singh Dhami</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_West_Bengal" title="List of chief ministers of West Bengal">West Bengal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mamata_Banerjee" title="Mamata Banerjee">Mamata Banerjee</a> (<a href="/wiki/All_India_Trinamool_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Trinamool Congress">AITC</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest-serving_Indian_chief_ministers" title="List of longest-serving Indian chief ministers">Longest-serving chief ministers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_chief_ministers_in_India" title="List of female chief ministers in India">Female chief ministers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_from_the_Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="List of chief ministers from the Bharatiya Janata Party">From the Bharatiya Janata Party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_from_the_Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="List of chief ministers from the Communist Party of India (Marxist)">From the Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_from_the_Indian_National_Congress" title="List of chief ministers from the Indian National Congress">From the Indian National Congress</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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