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single surface (HISS) failure criterion</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: hierarchical single surface (HISS) failure criterion"> <meta name="keywords" content="hierarchical single surface (HISS) failure criterion"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research 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</div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: hierarchical single surface (HISS) failure criterion</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13575</span> Single Cu‒N₄ Sites Enable Atomic Fe Clusters with High-Performance Oxygen Reduction Reaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuwen%20Wu">Shuwen Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhi%20LI"> Zhi LI</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Atomically dispersed Fe‒N₄ catalysts are proven as promising alternatives to commercial Pt/C for the oxygen reduction reaction. Most reported Fe‒N₄ catalysts suffer from inferior O‒O bond-breaking capability due to superoxo-like O₂ adsorption, though the isolated dual-atomic metal sites strategy is extensively adopted. Atomic Fe clusters hold greater promise for promoting O‒O bond cleavage by forming peroxo-like O₂ adsorption. However, the excessively strong binding strength between Fe clusters and oxygenated intermediates sacrifices the activity. Here, we first report a Fex/Cu‒N@CF catalyst with atomic Fe clusters functionalized by adjacent single Cu‒N₄ sites anchoring on a porous carbon nanofiber membrane. The theoretical calculation indicates that the single Cu‒N₄ sites can modulate the electronic configuration of Fe clusters to reduce O₂* protonation reaction free energy, which ultimately enhances the electrocatalytic performance. Particularly, the Cu‒N₄ sites can increase the overlaps between the d orbitals of Fe and p orbitals of O to accelerate O‒O cleavage in OOH*. As a result, this unique atomic catalyst exhibits a half potential (E1/2) of 0.944 V in an alkaline medium exceeding that of commercial Pt/C, whereas acidic performance E1/2 = 0.815 V is comparable to Pt/C. This work shows the great potential of single atoms for improvements in atomic cluster catalysts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hierarchical%20porous%20fibers" title="Hierarchical porous fibers">Hierarchical porous fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atomic%20Fe%20clusters" title=" atomic Fe clusters"> atomic Fe clusters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu%20single%20atoms" title=" Cu single atoms"> Cu single atoms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20reduction%20reaction%3B%20O-O%20bond%20cleavage" title=" oxygen reduction reaction; O-O bond cleavage"> oxygen reduction reaction; O-O bond cleavage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169096/single-cun4-sites-enable-atomic-fe-clusters-with-high-performance-oxygen-reduction-reaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13574</span> Surface Hole Defect Detection of Rolled Sheets Based on Pixel Classification Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira%20Taleb">Samira Taleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakina%20Aoun"> Sakina Aoun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Slimane%20Ziani"> Slimane Ziani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoheir%20Mentouri"> Zoheir Mentouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Boudiaf"> Adel Boudiaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rolling is a pressure treatment technique that modifies the shape of steel ingots or billets between rotating rollers. During this process, defects may form on the surface of the rolled sheets and are likely to affect the performance and quality of the finished product. In our study, we developed a method for detecting surface hole defects using a pixel classification approach. This work includes several steps. First, we performed image preprocessing to delimit areas with and without hole defects on the sheet image. Then, we developed the histograms of each area to generate the gray level membership intervals of the pixels that characterize each area. As we noticed an intersection between the characteristics of the gray level intervals of the images of the two areas, we finally performed a learning step based on a series of detection tests to refine the membership intervals of each area, and to choose the defect detection criterion in order to optimize the recognition of the surface hole. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title="classification">classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defect" title=" defect"> defect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface" title=" surface"> surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detection" title=" detection"> detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hole" title=" hole"> hole</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193037/surface-hole-defect-detection-of-rolled-sheets-based-on-pixel-classification-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">17</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13573</span> Effects of Hierarchy on Poisson’s Ratio and Phononic Bandgaps of Two-Dimensional Honeycomb Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davood%20Mousanezhad">Davood Mousanezhad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashkan%20Vaziri"> Ashkan Vaziri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a traditional cellular structure, hexagonal honeycombs are known for their high strength-to-weight ratio. Here, we introduce a class of fractal-appearing hierarchical metamaterials by replacing the vertices of the original non-hierarchical hexagonal grid with smaller hexagons and iterating this process to achieve higher levels of hierarchy. It has been recently shown that the isotropic in-plane Young's modulus of this hierarchical structure at small deformations becomes 25 times greater than its regular counterpart with the same mass. At large deformations, we find that hierarchy-dependent elastic buckling introduced at relatively early stages of deformation decreases the value of Poisson's ratio as the structure is compressed uniaxially leading to auxeticity (i.e., negative Poisson's ratio) in subsequent stages of deformation. We also show that the topological hierarchical architecture and instability-induced pattern transformations of the structure under compression can be effectively used to tune the propagation of elastic waves within the structure. We find that the hierarchy tends to shift the existing phononic bandgaps (defined as frequency ranges of strong wave attenuation) to lower frequencies while opening up new bandgaps. Deformation is also demonstrated as another mechanism for opening more bandgaps in hierarchical structures. The results provide new insights into the role of structural organization and hierarchy in regulating mechanical properties of materials at both the static and dynamic regimes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20structures" title="cellular structures">cellular structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honeycombs" title=" honeycombs"> honeycombs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20structures" title=" hierarchical structures"> hierarchical structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metamaterials" title=" metamaterials"> metamaterials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multifunctional%20structures" title=" multifunctional structures"> multifunctional structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phononic%20crystals" title=" phononic crystals"> phononic crystals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auxetic%20structures" title=" auxetic structures"> auxetic structures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51508/effects-of-hierarchy-on-poissons-ratio-and-phononic-bandgaps-of-two-dimensional-honeycomb-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13572</span> A Probabilistic View of the Spatial Pooler in Hierarchical Temporal Memory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mackenzie%20Leake">Mackenzie Leake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liyu%20Xia"> Liyu Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamil%20Rocki"> Kamil Rocki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wayne%20Imaino"> Wayne Imaino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) paradigm the effect of overlap between inputs on the activation of columns in the spatial pooler is studied. Numerical results suggest that similar inputs are represented by similar sets of columns and dissimilar inputs are represented by dissimilar sets of columns. It is shown that the spatial pooler produces these results under certain conditions for the connectivity and proximal thresholds. Following the discussion of the initialization of parameters for the thresholds, corresponding qualitative arguments about the learning dynamics of the spatial pooler are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20temporal%20memory" title="hierarchical temporal memory">hierarchical temporal memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HTM" title=" HTM"> HTM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20algorithms" title=" learning algorithms"> learning algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20pooler" title=" spatial pooler"> spatial pooler</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29210/a-probabilistic-view-of-the-spatial-pooler-in-hierarchical-temporal-memory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13571</span> Failure Cases Analysis in Petrochemical Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20W.%20Liu">S. W. Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20H.%20Lv"> J. H. Lv</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Z.%20Wang"> W. Z. Wang </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, the failure accidents in petrochemical industry have been frequent, and have posed great security problems in personnel and property. The improvement of petrochemical safety is highly requested in order to prevent re-occurrence of severe accident. This study focuses on surveying the failure cases occurred in petrochemical field, which were extracted from journals of engineering failure, including engineering failure analysis and case studies in engineering failure analysis. The relation of failure mode, failure mechanism, type of components, and type of materials was analyzed in this study. And the analytical results showed that failures occurred more frequently in vessels and piping among the petrochemical equipment. Moreover, equipment made of carbon steel and stainless steel accounts for the majority of failures compared to other materials. This may be related to the application of the equipment and the performance of the material. In addition, corrosion failures were the largest in number of occurrence in the failure of petrochemical equipment, in which stress corrosion cracking accounts for a large proportion. This may have a lot to do with the service environment of the petrochemical equipment. Therefore, it can be concluded that the corrosion prevention of petrochemical equipment is particularly important. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cases%20analysis" title="cases analysis">cases analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure" title=" failure"> failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petrochemical%20industry" title=" petrochemical industry"> petrochemical industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77797/failure-cases-analysis-in-petrochemical-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13570</span> Performance Assessment of Three Unit Redundant System with Environmental and Human Failure Using Copula Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20V.%20Singh">V. V. Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have studied the reliability measures of a system, which consists of two subsystems i.e. subsystem-1 and subsystem-2 in series configuration under different types of failure. The subsystem-1 has three identical units in parallel configuration and operating under 2-out-of-3: G policy and connected to subsystem-2 in series configuration. Each subsystem has different types of failure and repair rates. An important cause for failure of system is unsuitability of the environmental conditions, like overheating, weather conditions, heavy rainfall, storm etc. The environmental failure is taken into account in the proposed repairable system. Supplementary variable technique is used to study of system and some traditional measures such as; availability, reliability, MTTF and profit function are obtained for different values of parameters. In the proposed model, some particular cases of failure rates are explicitly studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20failure" title="environmental failure">environmental failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20failure" title=" human failure"> human failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=availability" title=" availability"> availability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MTTF" title=" MTTF"> MTTF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=profit%20analysis" title=" profit analysis"> profit analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gumbel-Hougaard%20family%20copula" title=" Gumbel-Hougaard family copula"> Gumbel-Hougaard family copula</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46343/performance-assessment-of-three-unit-redundant-system-with-environmental-and-human-failure-using-copula-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13569</span> Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of a Shaft Failure Behaviour Using Three-Point Bending Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernd%20Engel">Bernd Engel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Salman%20Hassan%20Al-Maeeni"> Sara Salman Hassan Al-Maeeni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A substantial amount of natural resources are nowadays consumed at a growing rate, as humans all over the world used materials obtained from the Earth. Machinery manufacturing industry is one of the major resource consumers on a global scale. Even though the incessant finding out of the new material, metals, and resources, it is urgent for the industry to develop methods to use the Earth's resources intelligently and more sustainable than before. Re-engineering of machine tools regarding design and failure analysis is an approach whereby out-of-date machines are upgraded and returned to useful life. To ensure the reliable future performance of the used machine components, it is essential to investigate the machine component failure through the material, design, and surface examinations. This paper presents an experimental approach aimed at inspecting the shaft of the rotary draw bending machine as a case to study. The testing methodology, which is based on the principle of the three-point bending test, allows assessing the shaft elastic behavior under loading. Furthermore, the shaft elastic characteristics include the maximum linear deflection, and maximum bending stress was determined by using an analytical approach and finite element (FE) analysis approach. In the end, the results were compared with the ones obtained by the experimental approach. In conclusion, it is seen that the measured bending deflection and bending stress were well close to the permissible design value. Therefore, the shaft can work in the second life cycle. However, based on previous surface tests conducted, the shaft needs surface treatments include re-carburizing and refining processes to ensure the reliable surface performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deflection" title="deflection">deflection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FE%20analysis" title=" FE analysis"> FE analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shaft" title=" shaft"> shaft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-point%20bending" title=" three-point bending"> three-point bending</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92854/experimental-and-numerical-evaluation-of-a-shaft-failure-behaviour-using-three-point-bending-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13568</span> Overview on the Failure in the Multiphase Mechanical Seal in Centrifugal Pumps</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aydin%20Azizi">Aydin Azizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Al.%20Azizi"> Ahmed Al. Azizi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mechanical seals are essential components in centrifugal pumps since they help in controlling leaking out of the liquid that is pumped under pressure. Unlike the common types of packaging, mechanical seals are highly efficient and they reduce leakage by a great extent. However, all multiphase mechanical seals leak and they are subject to failure. Some of the factors that have been recognized to their failure include excessive heating, open seal faces, as well as environment related factors that trigger failure of the materials used to manufacture seals. The proposed research study will explore the failure of multiphase mechanical seal in centrifugal pumps. The objective of the study includes how to reduce the failure in multiphase mechanical seals and to make them more efficient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20seals" title="mechanical seals">mechanical seals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=centrifugal%20pumps" title=" centrifugal pumps"> centrifugal pumps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi%20phase%20failure" title=" multi phase failure"> multi phase failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excessive%20heating" title=" excessive heating"> excessive heating</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44065/overview-on-the-failure-in-the-multiphase-mechanical-seal-in-centrifugal-pumps" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13567</span> Voltage Polarity in Electrospinning: Way to Control Surface Properties of Polymer Fibers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urszula%20Stachewicz">Urszula Stachewicz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface properties of materials are the key parameter in many applications, especially in the biomedical field, to control cell-material interactions. In our work, we want to achieve the controllability of surface properties of polymer fibers via a single-step electrospinning process by alternating voltage polarities. Voltage polarity defines the charge accumulated on the surface of the liquid jet and the surface of the fibers. Positive polarity attracts negatively charged groups to fibers’ surface, whereas negative polarity moves the negatively charged functional groups away from the surface. This way, we can control the surface chemistry, wettability, and additionally surface potential of electrospun fibers. Within our research, we characterized surface chemistry using X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS) and surface potential with Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) on electrospun fibers of commonly used polymers such as PCL, PVDF, and PMMA, often used as biomaterials. We proved the significant effect of fibers' surface potential on cell integration with the scaffolds and further cells development for the regeneration processes based on the osteoblast and fibroblast culture studies. Acknowledgments: The study was conducted within ‘Nanofiber-based sponges for atopic skin treatment’ project, which is carried out within the First TEAM programme of the Foundation for Polish Science co-financed by the European Union under the European Regional Development Fund, project no POIR.04.04.00-00- 4571/18-00. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20attachment" title="cell attachment">cell attachment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibers" title=" fibers"> fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibroblasts" title=" fibroblasts"> fibroblasts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteoblast" title=" osteoblast"> osteoblast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proliferation" title=" proliferation"> proliferation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20potential" title=" surface potential"> surface potential</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112788/voltage-polarity-in-electrospinning-way-to-control-surface-properties-of-polymer-fibers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13566</span> Influence of La on Increasing the ORR Activity of LaNi Supported with N and S Co-doped Carbon Black Electrocatalyst for Fuel Cells and Batteries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Kiani">Maryam Kiani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-precious electrocatalysts play a crucial role in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for regenerative fuel cells and rechargeable metal-air batteries. To enhance ORR activity, La (a less active element) is added to modify the activity of Ni. This addition increases the surface contents of Ni2+, N, and S species in LaNi/N-S-C, while still maintaining a substantial specific surface area and hierarchical porosity. Therefore, the additional La is essential for the successful ORR process.In addition, the presence of extra La in the LaNi/N-S-C electrocatalyst enhances the efficiency of charge transfer and improves the surface acid-base characteristics, facilitating the adsorption of oxygen molecules during the ORR process. As a result, this superior and desirable electrocatalyst exhibits significantly enhanced ORR bifunctional activity. In fact, its ORR activity is comparable to that of the 20 wt% Pt/C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cells" title="fuel cells">fuel cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batteries" title=" batteries"> batteries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-doped%20carbon%20black" title=" dual-doped carbon black"> dual-doped carbon black</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ORR" title=" ORR"> ORR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172381/influence-of-la-on-increasing-the-orr-activity-of-lani-supported-with-n-and-s-co-doped-carbon-black-electrocatalyst-for-fuel-cells-and-batteries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13565</span> Simulation-Based Control Module for Offshore Single Point Mooring System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daehyun%20Baek">Daehyun Baek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seungmin%20Lee"> Seungmin Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minju%20Kim%20Jangik%20Park"> Minju Kim Jangik Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyeong-Soon%20Moon"> Hyeong-Soon Moon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> SPM (Single Point Mooring) is one of the mooring buoy facilities installed on a coast near oil and gas terminal which is not able to berth FPSO or large oil tankers under the condition of high draft due to geometrical limitation. Loading and unloading of crude oil and gas through a subsea pipeline can be carried out between the mooring buoy, ships and onshore facilities. SPM is an offshore-standalone system which has to withstand the harsh marine environment with harsh conditions such as high wind, current and so on. Therefore, SPM is required to have high stability, reliability and durability. Also, SPM is comprised to be integrated systems which consist of power management, high pressure valve control, sophisticated hardware/software and a long distance communication system. In order to secure required functions of SPM system, a simulation model for the integrated system of SPM using MATLAB Simulink and State flow tool has been developed. The developed model consists of configuration of hydraulic system for opening and closing of PLEM (Pipeline End Manifold) valves and control system logic. To verify functions of the model, an integrated simulation model for overall systems of SPM was also developed by considering handshaking variables between individual systems. In addition to the dynamic model, a self-diagnostic function to determine failure of the system was configured, which enables the SPM system itself to alert users about the failure once a failure signal comes to arise. Controlling and monitoring the SPM system is able to be done by a HMI system which is capable of managing the SPM system remotely, which was carried out by building a communication environment between the SPM system and the HMI system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HMI%20system" title="HMI system">HMI system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mooring%20buoy" title=" mooring buoy"> mooring buoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulink%20simulation%20model" title=" simulink simulation model"> simulink simulation model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20point%20mooring" title=" single point mooring"> single point mooring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stateflow" title=" stateflow"> stateflow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46584/simulation-based-control-module-for-offshore-single-point-mooring-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13564</span> Hierarchical Tree Long Short-Term Memory for Sentence Representations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiuying%20Wang">Xiuying Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changliang%20Li"> Changliang Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Xu"> Bo Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A fixed-length feature vector is required for many machine learning algorithms in NLP field. Word embeddings have been very successful at learning lexical information. However, they cannot capture the compositional meaning of sentences, which prevents them from a deeper understanding of language. In this paper, we introduce a novel hierarchical tree long short-term memory (HTLSTM) model that learns vector representations for sentences of arbitrary syntactic type and length. We propose to split one sentence into three hierarchies: short phrase, long phrase and full sentence level. The HTLSTM model gives our algorithm the potential to fully consider the hierarchical information and long-term dependencies of language. We design the experiments on both English and Chinese corpus to evaluate our model on sentiment analysis task. And the results show that our model outperforms several existing state of the art approaches significantly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title="deep learning">deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20tree%20long%20short-term%20memory" title=" hierarchical tree long short-term memory"> hierarchical tree long short-term memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentence%20representation" title=" sentence representation"> sentence representation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentiment%20analysis" title=" sentiment analysis"> sentiment analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83787/hierarchical-tree-long-short-term-memory-for-sentence-representations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83787.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13563</span> A Comparison of Single of Decision Tree, Decision Tree Forest and Group Method of Data Handling to Evaluate the Surface Roughness in Machining Process </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ghorbani">S. Ghorbani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20I.%20Polushin"> N. I. Polushin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The machinability of workpieces (AISI 1045 Steel, AA2024 aluminum alloy, A48-class30 gray cast iron) in turning operation has been carried out using different types of cutting tool (conventional, cutting tool with holes in toolholder and cutting tool filled up with composite material) under dry conditions on a turning machine at different stages of spindle speed (630-1000 rpm), feed rate (0.05-0.075 mm/rev), depth of cut (0.05-0.15 mm) and tool overhang (41-65 mm). Experimentation was performed as per Taguchi’s orthogonal array. To evaluate the relative importance of factors affecting surface roughness the single decision tree (SDT), Decision tree forest (DTF) and Group method of data handling (GMDH) were applied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20tree%20forest" title="decision tree forest">decision tree forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GMDH" title=" GMDH"> GMDH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi%20method" title=" Taguchi method"> Taguchi method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turning%20process" title=" turning process"> turning process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66804/a-comparison-of-single-of-decision-tree-decision-tree-forest-and-group-method-of-data-handling-to-evaluate-the-surface-roughness-in-machining-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66804.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13562</span> A Bathtub Curve from Nonparametric Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eduardo%20C.%20Guardia">Eduardo C. Guardia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20W.%20M.%20Lima"> Jose W. M. Lima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afonso%20H.%20M.%20Santos"> Afonso H. M. Santos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a nonparametric method to obtain the hazard rate “Bathtub curve” for power system components. The model is a mixture of the three known phases of a component life, the decreasing failure rate (DFR), the constant failure rate (CFR) and the increasing failure rate (IFR) represented by three parametric Weibull models. The parameters are obtained from a simultaneous fitting process of the model to the Kernel nonparametric hazard rate curve. From the Weibull parameters and failure rate curves the useful lifetime and the characteristic lifetime were defined. To demonstrate the model the historic time-to-failure of distribution transformers were used as an example. The resulted “Bathtub curve” shows the failure rate for the equipment lifetime which can be applied in economic and replacement decision models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bathtub%20curve" title="bathtub curve">bathtub curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure%20analysis" title=" failure analysis"> failure analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime%20estimation" title=" lifetime estimation"> lifetime estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameter%20estimation" title=" parameter estimation"> parameter estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weibull%20distribution" title=" Weibull distribution"> Weibull distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10780/a-bathtub-curve-from-nonparametric-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13561</span> Effect of the Binary and Ternary Exchanges on Crystallinity and Textural Properties of X Zeolites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Hammoudi">H. Hammoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bendenia"> S. Bendenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Marouf-Khelifa"> K. Marouf-Khelifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Marouf"> R. Marouf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Schott"> J. Schott</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Khelifa"> A. Khelifa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ionic exchange of the NaX zeolite by Cu2+ and/or Zn2+ cations is progressively driven while following the development of some of its characteristic: crystallinity by XR diffraction, profile of isotherms, RI criterion, isosteric adsorption heat and microporous volume using both the Dubinin–Radushkevich (DR) equation and the t-plot through the Lippens–de Boer method which also makes it possible to determine the external surface area. Results show that the cationic exchange process, in the case of Cu2+ introduced at higher degree, is accompanied by crystalline degradation for Cu(x)X, in contrast to Zn2+-exchanged zeolite X. This degradation occurs without significant presence of mesopores, because the RI criterion values were found to be much lower than 2.2. A comparison between the binary and ternary exchanges shows that the curves of CuZn(x)X are clearly below those of Zn(x)X and Cu(x)X, whatever the examined parameter. On the other hand, the curves relating to CuZn(x)X tend towards those of Cu(x)X. This would again confirm the sensitivity of the crystalline structure of CuZn(x)X with respect to the introduction of Cu2+ cations. An original result is the distortion of the zeolitic framework of X zeolites at middle exchange degree, when Cu2+ competes with another divalent cation, such as Zn2+, for the occupancy of sites distributed within zeolitic cavities. In other words, the ternary exchange accentuates the crystalline degradation of X zeolites. An unexpected result also is the no correlation between crystal damage and the external surface area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallinity" title=" crystallinity"> crystallinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20exchange" title=" ion exchange"> ion exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeolite" title=" zeolite"> zeolite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43775/effect-of-the-binary-and-ternary-exchanges-on-crystallinity-and-textural-properties-of-x-zeolites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13560</span> Performance Analysis of LINUX Operating System Connected in LAN Using Gumbel-Hougaard Family Copula Distribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20V.%20Singh">V. V. Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we have focused on the study of a Linux operating system connected in a LAN (local area network). We have considered two different topologies STAR topology (subsystem-1) and BUS topology (subsystem-2) which are placed at two different places and connected to a server through a hub. In both topologies BUS topology and STAR topology, we have assumed 'n' clients. The system has two types of failure partial failure and complete failure. Further the partial failure has been categorized as minor partial failure and major partial failure. It is assumed that minor partial failure degrades the subsystem and the major partial failure brings the subsystem to break down mode. The system can completely failed due to failure of server hacking and blocking etc. The system is studied by supplementary variable technique and Laplace transform by taking different types of failure and two types of repairs. The various measures of reliability like availability of system, MTTF, profit function for different parametric values has been discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=star%20topology" title="star topology">star topology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bus%20topology" title=" bus topology"> bus topology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hacking" title=" hacking"> hacking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blocking" title=" blocking"> blocking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linux%20operating%20system" title=" linux operating system"> linux operating system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gumbel-Hougaard%20family%20copula" title=" Gumbel-Hougaard family copula"> Gumbel-Hougaard family copula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supplementary%20variable" title=" supplementary variable "> supplementary variable </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33606/performance-analysis-of-linux-operating-system-connected-in-lan-using-gumbel-hougaard-family-copula-distribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">577</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13559</span> Powder Assisted Sheet Forming to Fabricate Ti Capsule Magnetic Hyperthermia Implant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keigo%20Nishitani">Keigo Nishitani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kohei%20Mizuta%20Mizuta"> Kohei Mizuta Mizuta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuyoshi%20Kurita"> Kazuyoshi Kurita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yukinori%20Taniguchi"> Yukinori Taniguchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To establish mass production process of Ti capsule which has Fe powder inside as magnetic hyperthermia implant, we assumed that Ti thin sheet can be drawn into a φ1.0 mm die hole through the medium of Fe Powder and becomes outer shell of capsule. This study discusses mechanism of powder assisted deep drawing process by both of numerical simulation and experiment. Ti thin sheet blank was placed on die, and was covered by Fe powder layer without pressurizing. Then upper punch was indented on the Fe powder layer, and the blank can be drawn into die cavity as pressurized powder particles were extruded into die cavity from behind of the drawn blank. Distinct Element Method (DEM) has been used to demonstrate the process. To identify bonding parameters on Fe particles which are cohesion, tensile bond stress and inter particle friction angle, axial and diametrical compression failure test of Fe powder compact was conducted. Several density ratios of powder compacts in range of 0.70 - 0.85 were investigated and relationship between mean stress and equivalent stress was calculated with consideration of critical state line which rules failure criterion in consolidation of Fe powder. Since variation of bonding parameters with density ratio has been experimentally identified, and good agreement has been recognized between several failure tests and its simulation, demonstration of powder assisted sheet forming by using DEM becomes applicable. Results of simulation indicated that indent/drawing length of Ti thin sheet is promoted by smaller Fe particle size, larger indent punch diameter, lower friction coefficient between die surface and Ti sheet and certain degrees of die inlet taper angle. In the deep drawing test, we have made die-set with φ2.4 mm punch and φ1.0 mm die bore diameter. Pure Ti sheet with 100 μm thickness, annealed at 650 deg. C has been tested. After indentation, indented/drawn capsule has been observed by microscope, and its length was measured to discuss the feasibility of this capsulation process. Longer drawing length exists on progressive loading pass comparing with the case of single stroke loading. It is expected that progressive loading has an advantage of which extrusion of powder particle into die cavity with Ti sheet is promoted since powder particle layer can be rebuilt while the punch is withdrawn from the layer in each loading steps. This capsulation phenomenon is qualitatively demonstrated by DEM simulation. Finally, we have fabricated Ti capsule which has Fe powder inside for magnetic hyperthermia cancer care treatment. It is concluded that suggested method is possible to use the manufacturing of Ti capsule implant for magnetic hyperthermia cancer care. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20powder%20compaction" title="metal powder compaction">metal powder compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20forming" title=" metal forming"> metal forming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distinct%20element%20method" title=" distinct element method"> distinct element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20care" title=" cancer care"> cancer care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20hyperthermia" title=" magnetic hyperthermia"> magnetic hyperthermia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72896/powder-assisted-sheet-forming-to-fabricate-ti-capsule-magnetic-hyperthermia-implant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13558</span> Cooperative CDD Scheme Based On Hierarchical Modulation in OFDM System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung-Jun%20Yu">Seung-Jun Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeong-Seop%20Ahn"> Yeong-Seop Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Min%20Ko"> Young-Min Ko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyoung-Kyu%20Song">Hyoung-Kyu Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to achieve high data rate and increase the spectral efficiency, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system has been proposed. However, multiple antennas are limited by size and cost. Therefore, recently developed cooperative diversity scheme, which profits the transmit diversity only with the existing hardware by constituting a virtual antenna array, can be a solution. However, most of the introduced cooperative techniques have a common fault of decreased transmission rate because the destination should receive the decodable compositions of symbols from the source and the relay. In this paper, we propose a cooperative cyclic delay diversity (CDD) scheme that uses hierarchical modulation. This scheme is free from the rate loss and allows seamless cooperative communication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIMO" title="MIMO">MIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20communication" title=" cooperative communication"> cooperative communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CDD" title=" CDD"> CDD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20modulation" title=" hierarchical modulation"> hierarchical modulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32286/cooperative-cdd-scheme-based-on-hierarchical-modulation-in-ofdm-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">549</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13557</span> Pavement Failures and Its Maintenance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maulik%20L.%20Sisodia">Maulik L. Sisodia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tirth%20K.%20Raval"> Tirth K. Raval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aarsh%20S.%20Mistry"> Aarsh S. Mistry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper summarizes the ongoing researches about the defects in both flexible and rigid pavement and the maintenance in both flexible and rigid pavements. Various defects in pavements have been identified since the existence of both flexible and rigid pavement. Flexible Pavement failure is defined in terms of decreasing serviceability caused by the development of cracks, ruts, potholes etc. Flexible Pavement structure can be destroyed in a single season due to water penetration. Defects in flexible pavements is a problem of multiple dimensions, phenomenal growth of vehicular traffic (in terms of no. of axle loading of commercial vehicles), the rapid expansion in the road network, non-availability of suitable technology, material, equipment, skilled labor and poor funds allocation have all added complexities to the problem of flexible pavements. In rigid pavements due to different type of destress the failure like joint spalling, faulting, shrinkage cracking, punch out, corner break etc. Application of correction in the existing surface will enhance the life of maintenance works as well as that of strengthening layer. Maintenance of a road network involves a variety of operations, i.e., identification of deficiencies and planning, programming and scheduling for actual implementation in the field and monitoring. The essential objective should be to keep the road surface and appurtenances in good condition and to extend the life of the road assets to its design life. The paper describes lessons learnt from pavement failures and problems experienced during the last few years on a number of projects in India. Broadly, the activities include identification of defects and the possible cause there off, determination of appropriate remedial measures; implement these in the field and monitoring of the results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flexible%20Pavements" title="Flexible Pavements">Flexible Pavements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rigid%20Pavements" title=" Rigid Pavements"> Rigid Pavements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Defects" title=" Defects"> Defects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maintenance" title=" Maintenance"> Maintenance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120797/pavement-failures-and-its-maintenance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13556</span> Ion Thruster Grid Lifetime Assessment Based on Its Structural Failure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Li">Juan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiawen%20Qiu"> Jiawen Qiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuchuan%20Chu"> Yuchuan Chu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tianping%20Zhang"> Tianping Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Meng"> Wei Meng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanhui%20Jia"> Yanhui Jia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaohui%20Liu"> Xiaohui Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article developed an ion thruster optic system sputter erosion depth numerical 3D model by IFE-PIC (Immersed Finite Element-Particle-in-Cell) and Mont Carlo method, and calculated the downstream surface sputter erosion rate of accelerator grid; Compared with LIPS-200 life test data, the results of the numerical model are in reasonable agreement with the measured data. Finally, we predict the lifetime of the 20cm diameter ion thruster via the erosion data obtained with the model. The ultimate result demonstrates that under normal operating condition, the erosion rate of the grooves wears on the downstream surface of the accelerator grid is 34.6μm⁄1000h, which means the conservative lifetime until structural failure occurring on the accelerator grid is 11500 hours. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20thruster" title="ion thruster">ion thruster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerator%20gird" title=" accelerator gird"> accelerator gird</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sputter%20erosion" title=" sputter erosion"> sputter erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime%20assessment" title=" lifetime assessment"> lifetime assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33020/ion-thruster-grid-lifetime-assessment-based-on-its-structural-failure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">565</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13555</span> An Improved Approach to Solve Two-Level Hierarchical Time Minimization Transportation Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalpana%20Dahiya">Kalpana Dahiya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses a two-level hierarchical time minimization transportation problem, which is an important class of transportation problems arising in industries. This problem has been studied by various researchers, and a number of polynomial time iterative algorithms are available to find its solution. All the existing algorithms, though efficient, have some shortcomings. The current study proposes an alternate solution algorithm for the problem that is more efficient in terms of computational time than the existing algorithms. The results justifying the underlying theory of the proposed algorithm are given. Further, a detailed comparison of the computational behaviour of all the algorithms for randomly generated instances of this problem of different sizes validates the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20optimization" title="global optimization">global optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20optimization" title=" hierarchical optimization"> hierarchical optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation%20problem" title=" transportation problem"> transportation problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concave%20minimization" title=" concave minimization"> concave minimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122713/an-improved-approach-to-solve-two-level-hierarchical-time-minimization-transportation-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13554</span> Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun CdTe Quantum Dots / Nylon-6 Nanofiber Mat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Negar%20Mesgara">Negar Mesgara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laleh%20Maleknia"> Laleh Maleknia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, electrospun CdTe quantum dot / nylon-6 nanofiber mats were successfully prepared. The nanofiber mats were characterized by FE-SEM, XRD and EDX analyses. The results revealed that fibers in different distinct sizes (nano and subnano scale) were obtained with the electrospinning parameters. The phenomenon of ‘on ‘ and ‘off ‘ luminescence intermittency (blinking) of CdTe QDs in nylon-6 was investigated by single-molecule optical microscopy, and we identified that the intermittencies of single QDs were correlated with the interaction of water molecules absorbed on the QD surface. The ‘off’ times, the interval between adjacent ‘on’ states, remained essentially unaffected with an increase in excitation intensity. In the case of ‘on’ time distribution, power law behavior with an exponential cutoff tail is observed at longer time scales. These observations indicate that the luminescence blinking statistics of water-soluble single CdTe QDs is significantly dependent on the aqueous environment, which is interpreted in terms of passivation of the surface trap states of QDs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospinning" title="electrospinning">electrospinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CdTe%20quantum%20dots" title=" CdTe quantum dots"> CdTe quantum dots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nylon-6" title=" Nylon-6"> Nylon-6</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nanocomposite" title=" Nanocomposite"> Nanocomposite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34595/preparation-and-characterization-of-electrospun-cdte-quantum-dots-nylon-6-nanofiber-mat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13553</span> Identification of Spam Keywords Using Hierarchical Category in C2C E-Commerce</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shao%20Bo%20Cheng">Shao Bo Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Jin%20Han"> Yong-Jin Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Se%20Young%20Park"> Se Young Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong-Bae%20Park"> Seong-Bae Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) E-commerce has been growing at a very high speed in recent years. Since identical or nearly-same kinds of products compete one another by relying on keyword search in C2C E-commerce, some sellers describe their products with spam keywords that are popular but are not related to their products. Though such products get more chances to be retrieved and selected by consumers than those without spam keywords, the spam keywords mislead the consumers and waste their time. This problem has been reported in many commercial services like e-bay and taobao, but there have been little research to solve this problem. As a solution to this problem, this paper proposes a method to classify whether keywords of a product are spam or not. The proposed method assumes that a keyword for a given product is more reliable if the keyword is observed commonly in specifications of products which are the same or the same kind as the given product. This is because that a hierarchical category of a product in general determined precisely by a seller of the product and so is the specification of the product. Since higher layers of the hierarchical category represent more general kinds of products, a reliable degree is differently determined according to the layers. Hence, reliable degrees from different layers of a hierarchical category become features for keywords and they are used together with features only from specifications for classification of the keywords. Support Vector Machines are adopted as a basic classifier using the features, since it is powerful, and widely used in many classification tasks. In the experiments, the proposed method is evaluated with a golden standard dataset from Yi-han-wang, a Chinese C2C e-commerce, and is compared with a baseline method that does not consider the hierarchical category. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the baseline in F1-measure, which proves that spam keywords are effectively identified by a hierarchical category in C2C e-commerce. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spam%20keyword" title="spam keyword">spam keyword</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title=" e-commerce"> e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=keyword%20features" title=" keyword features"> keyword features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spam%20%EF%AC%81ltering" title=" spam ﬁltering"> spam ﬁltering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15501/identification-of-spam-keywords-using-hierarchical-category-in-c2c-e-commerce" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13552</span> Comparative Analysis of Effecting Factors on Fertility by Birth Order: A Hierarchical Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Hesari">Ali Hesari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arezoo%20Esmaeeli"> Arezoo Esmaeeli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Regarding to dramatic changes of fertility and higher order births during recent decades in Iran, access to knowledge about affecting factors on different birth orders has crucial importance. In this study, According to hierarchical structure of many of social sciences data and the effect of variables of different levels of social phenomena that determine different birth orders in 365 days ending to 1390 census have been explored by multilevel approach. In this paper, 2% individual row data for 1390 census is analyzed by HLM software. Three different hierarchical linear regression models are estimated for data analysis of the first and second, third, fourth and more birth order. Research results displays different outcomes for three models. Individual level variables entered in equation are; region of residence (rural/urban), age, educational level and labor participation status and province level variable is GDP per capita. Results show that individual level variables have different effects in these three models and in second level we have different random and fixed effects in these models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertility" title="fertility">fertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=birth%20order" title=" birth order"> birth order</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20approach" title=" hierarchical approach"> hierarchical approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixe%20effects" title=" fixe effects"> fixe effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20effects" title=" random effects"> random effects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22660/comparative-analysis-of-effecting-factors-on-fertility-by-birth-order-a-hierarchical-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13551</span> Failure Analysis of Fuel Pressure Supply from an Aircraft Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Pilar%20Valles-gonzalez">M. Pilar Valles-gonzalez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alejandro%20Gonzalez%20Meije"> Alejandro Gonzalez Meije</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Pastor%20Muro"> Ana Pastor Muro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Garcia-Martinez"> Maria Garcia-Martinez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beatriz%20Gonzalez%20Caballero"> Beatriz Gonzalez Caballero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studies a failure case of a fuel pressure supply tube from an aircraft engine. Multiple fracture cases of the fuel pressure control tube from aircraft engines have been reported. The studied set was composed of the mentioned tube, a welded connecting pipe, where the fracture has been produced, and a union nut. The fracture has been produced in one most critical zones of the tube, in a region next to the supporting body of the union nut to the connector. The tube material was X6CrNiTi18-10, an austenitic stainless steel. Chemical composition was determined using an X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) and combustion equipment. Furthermore, the material has been mechanical, by hardness test, and microstructural characterized using a stereomicroscope and an optical microscope. The results confirmed that it is within specifications. To determine the macrofractographic features, a visual examination and a stereo microscope of the tube fracture surface have been carried out. The results revealed a tube plastic macrodeformation, surface damaged, and signs of a possible corrosion process. Fracture surface was also inspected by scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), equipped with a microanalysis system by X-ray dispersive energy (EDX), to determine the microfractographic features in order to find out the failure mechanism involved in the fracture. Fatigue striations, which are typical from a progressive fracture by a fatigue mechanism, have been observed. The origin of the fracture has been placed in defects located on the outer wall of the tube, leading to a final overload fracture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aircraft%20engine" title="aircraft engine">aircraft engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue" title=" fatigue"> fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FE-SEM" title=" FE-SEM"> FE-SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractography" title=" fractography"> fractography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture" title=" fracture"> fracture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20tube" title=" fuel tube"> fuel tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steel" title=" stainless steel"> stainless steel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133219/failure-analysis-of-fuel-pressure-supply-from-an-aircraft-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13550</span> Single Atom Manipulation with 4 Scanning Tunneling Microscope Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianshu%20Yang">Jianshu Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Delphine%20Sordes"> Delphine Sordes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marek%20Kolmer"> Marek Kolmer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Joachim"> Christian Joachim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanoelectronics, for example the calculating circuits integrating at molecule scale logic gates, atomic scale circuits, has been constructed and investigated recently. A major challenge is their functional properties characterization because of the connecting problem from atomic scale to micrometer scale. New experimental instruments and new processes have been proposed therefore. To satisfy a precisely measurement at atomic scale and then connecting micrometer scale electrical integration controller, the technique improvement is kept on going. Our new machine, a low temperature high vacuum four scanning tunneling microscope, as a customer required instrument constructed by Omicron GmbH, is expected to be scaling down to atomic scale characterization. Here, we will present our first testified results about the performance of this new instrument. The sample we selected is Au(111) surface. The measurements have been taken at 4.2 K. The atomic resolution surface structure was observed with each of four scanners with noise level better than 3 pm. With a tip-sample distance calibration by I-z spectra, the sample conductance has been derived from its atomic locally I-V spectra. Furthermore, the surface conductance measurement has been performed using two methods, (1) by landing two STM tips on the surface with sample floating; and (2) by sample floating and one of the landed tips turned to be grounding. In addition, single atom manipulation has been achieved with a modified tip design, which is comparable to a conventional LT-STM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20temperature%20ultra-high%20vacuum%20four%20scanning%20tunneling%20microscope" title="low temperature ultra-high vacuum four scanning tunneling microscope">low temperature ultra-high vacuum four scanning tunneling microscope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoelectronics" title=" nanoelectronics"> nanoelectronics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=point%20contact" title=" point contact"> point contact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20atom%20manipulation" title=" single atom manipulation"> single atom manipulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunneling%20resistance" title=" tunneling resistance"> tunneling resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31668/single-atom-manipulation-with-4-scanning-tunneling-microscope-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31668.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13549</span> Design and Analysis of a Laminated Composite Automotive Drive Shaft</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Kh.%20Bisheh">Hossein Kh. Bisheh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nan%20Wu"> Nan Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Advanced composite materials have a great importance in engineering structures due to their high specific modulus and strength and low weight. These materials can be used in design and fabrication of automotive drive shafts to reduce the weight of the structure. Hence, an optimum design of a composite drive shaft satisfying the design criteria, can be an appropriate substitution of metallic drive shafts. The aim of this study is to design and analyze a composite automotive drive shaft with high specific strength and low weight satisfying the design criteria. Tsai-Wu criterion is chosen as the failure criterion. Various designs with different lay-ups and materials are investigated based on the design requirements and finally, an optimum design satisfying the design criteria is chosen based on the weight and cost considerations. The results of this study indicate that if the weight is the main concern, a shaft made of Carbon/Epoxy can be a good option, and if the cost is a more important parameter, a hybrid shaft made of aluminum and Carbon/Epoxy can be considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bending%20natural%20frequency" title="Bending natural frequency">Bending natural frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Composite%20drive%20shaft" title=" Composite drive shaft"> Composite drive shaft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peak%20torque" title=" Peak torque"> Peak torque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Torsional%20buckling" title=" Torsional buckling"> Torsional buckling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96457/design-and-analysis-of-a-laminated-composite-automotive-drive-shaft" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13548</span> The Capacity of Bolted and Screw Connections in Cold-Formed Steel Truss Structure through Analytical and Experimental Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Slamet%20Setioboro">Slamet Setioboro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahutami%20Kusumaningsih"> Rahutami Kusumaningsih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabowo%20Setiyawan"> Prabowo Setiyawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danna%20Darmayadi"> Danna Darmayadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Designing of cold-formed steel capacity connections often based on the formula used for hot rolled steel. It makes the result of the actual capacity connection doesn’t accurate anymore. When the hot rolled steel receives the axial load pull, it will have different characteristics. As the result, there will be failure result when designing Truss structure made of hot rolled steel. This research aims to determine the capacity of actual cold-formed steel connections section which is loaded by the axial tensile force. It will test the appeal of the connection using bolt grafting tool and screw grafting tool. The variations of the test will be on the type of connection (single and double slap), the number of the connection tools and connection configuration. Bold and screw connections failure mode observed in this research are different each other. Failure mode of bolted connections includes sliding pivot plate, tearing at the plate and cutting of the bolt head. While the failure mode of screw connections includes tilting, hole-bearing, pull over and cutting the screw body out. This research was conducted using a laboratory test of HW2-600S Universal Testing Machine model with ASTM E8. It has done in the materials testing laboratory of Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering UNNES. The results obtained through the laboratory diversification towards theoretical calculations using the standards specified in ISO 7971-2013 Cold-Rolled Steel Structures. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the effective connection in receiving force strength is bolted connections neither single nor double plate. The method used is by applying 4 bolts through 2 parallel lines configuration. Furthermore, this connection deals with the consequences of holding the highest Pmaks, lowest failure risk and getting a little kind of mode of failure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20load" title="axial load">axial load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold-formed%20steel" title=" cold-formed steel"> cold-formed steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity%20connections" title=" capacity connections"> capacity connections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bolted%20connections" title=" bolted connections"> bolted connections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screw%20connections" title=" screw connections"> screw connections</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59789/the-capacity-of-bolted-and-screw-connections-in-cold-formed-steel-truss-structure-through-analytical-and-experimental-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13547</span> Numerical Analysis for Soil Compaction and Plastic Points Extension in Pile Drivability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omid%20Tavasoli">Omid Tavasoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Ghazavi"> Mahmoud Ghazavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A numerical analysis of drivability of piles in different geometry is presented. In this paper, a three-dimensional finite difference analysis for plastic point extension and soil compaction in the effect of pile driving is analyzed. Four pile configurations such as cylindrical pile, fully tapered pile, T-C pile consists of a top tapered segment and a lower cylindrical segment and C-T pile has a top cylindrical part followed by a tapered part are investigated. All piles which driven up to a total penetration depth of 16 m have the same length with equivalent surface area and approximately with identical material volumes. An idealization for pile-soil system in pile driving is considered for this approach. A linear elastic material is assumed to model the vertical pile behaviors and the soil obeys the elasto-plastic constitutive low and its failure is controlled by the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. A slip which occurred at the pile-soil contact surfaces along the shaft and the toe in pile driving procedures is simulated with interface elements. All initial and boundary conditions are the same in all analyses. Quiet boundaries are used to prevent wave reflection in the lateral and vertical directions for the soil. The results obtained from numerical analyses were compared with available other numerical data and laboratory tests, indicating a satisfactory agreement. It will be shown that with increasing the angle of taper, the permanent piles toe settlement increase and therefore, the extension of plastic points increase. These are interesting phenomena in pile driving and are on the safe side for driven piles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20driving" title="pile driving">pile driving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20difference%20method" title=" finite difference method"> finite difference method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-uniform%20piles" title=" non-uniform piles"> non-uniform piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20geometry" title=" pile geometry"> pile geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20set" title=" pile set"> pile set</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20points" title=" plastic points"> plastic points</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20compaction" title=" soil compaction"> soil compaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32842/numerical-analysis-for-soil-compaction-and-plastic-points-extension-in-pile-drivability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32842.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13546</span> Damage Analysis in Open Hole Composite Specimens by Digital Image Correlation: Experimental Investigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faci%20Youcef">Faci Youcef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present work, an experimental study is carried out using the digital image correlation (DIC) technique to analyze the damage and behavior of woven composite carbon/epoxy under tensile loading. The tension mechanisms associated with failure modes of bolted joints in advanced composites are studied, as well as displacement distribution and strain distribution. The evolution value of bolt angle inclination during tensile tests was studied. In order to compare the distribution of displacements and strains along the surface, figures of image mapping are made. Several factors that are responsible for the failure of fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials are observed. It was found that strain concentrations observed in the specimens can be used to identify full-field damage onset and to monitor damage progression during loading. Moreover, there is an interaction between laminate pattern, laminate thickness, fastener size and type, surface strain concentrations, and out-of-plane displacement. Conclusions include a failure analysis associated with bolt angle inclinations and supported by microscopic visualizations of the composite specimen. The DIC results can be used to develop and accurately validate numerical models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carbone" title="Carbone">Carbone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=woven" title=" woven"> woven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage" title=" damage"> damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20image" title=" digital image"> digital image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bolted%20joint" title=" bolted joint"> bolted joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20inclination%20of%20angle" title=" the inclination of angle"> the inclination of angle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169812/damage-analysis-in-open-hole-composite-specimens-by-digital-image-correlation-experimental-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169812.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20single%20surface%20%28HISS%29%20failure%20criterion&page=4" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20single%20surface%20%28HISS%29%20failure%20criterion&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20single%20surface%20%28HISS%29%20failure%20criterion&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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