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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Initium</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-De_primis_tyrannis_Graecis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_primis_tyrannis_Graecis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>De primis tyrannis Graecis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_primis_tyrannis_Graecis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_tyrannide_in_aetate_classica_et_hellenistica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_tyrannide_in_aetate_classica_et_hellenistica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>De tyrannide in aetate classica et hellenistica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_tyrannide_in_aetate_classica_et_hellenistica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_tyrannidis_definitione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_tyrannidis_definitione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>De tyrannidis definitione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_tyrannidis_definitione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neces_exemplares" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neces_exemplares"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Neces exemplares</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neces_exemplares-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Remedia_tyrannidis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Remedia_tyrannidis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Remedia tyrannidis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Remedia_tyrannidis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plura_legere_si_cupis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plura_legere_si_cupis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Plura legere si cupis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plura_legere_si_cupis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nexus_interni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nexus_interni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Nexus interni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nexus_interni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_hac_pagina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_hac_pagina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>De hac pagina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_hac_pagina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Index" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiran" title="Tiran – Africana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tiran" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Africana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%9D%E1%89%A3%E1%8C%88%E1%8A%90%E1%8A%95" title="አምባገነን – Amharica" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አምባገነን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="طاغية – Arabica" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طاغية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%87" title="طاغيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="طاغيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiran" title="Tiran – Atropatenica" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tiran" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Atropatenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تیران – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تیران" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тиран – Bulgarica" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тиран" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirant" title="Tirant – Britonica" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tirant" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Britonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tir%C3%A0" title="Tirà – Catalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tirà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyran" title="Tyran – Bohemica" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tyran" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Bohemica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gormesdeyrn" title="Gormesdeyrn – Cambrica" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gormesdeyrn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Cambrica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyranni" title="Tyranni – Danica" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tyranni" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Τύραννος – Graeca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τύραννος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Graeca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrant" title="Tyrant – Anglica" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tyrant" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Anglica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirano_(reganto)" title="Tirano (reganto) – Esperantica" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tirano (reganto)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperantica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirano_(gobernante)" title="Tirano (gobernante) – Hispanica" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tirano (gobernante)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Hispanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrann" title="Türann – Estonica" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Türann" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirano" title="Tirano – Vasconica" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tirano" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Vasconica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="جباریت – Persica" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جباریت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyranni" title="Tyranni – Finnica" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tyranni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyran" title="Tyran – Francogallica" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tyran" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francogallica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="טיראניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טיראניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiranin" title="Tiranin – Croatica" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tiranin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrannisz" title="Türannisz – Hungarica" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Türannisz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiran" title="Tiran – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tiran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirano" title="Tirano – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tirano" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiranno" title="Tiranno – Italiana" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tiranno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%83%AD%E4%B8%BB" title="僭主 – Iaponica" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="僭主" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Iaponica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B0%B8%EC%A3%BC" title="참주 – Coreana" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="참주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тиран – Chirgisica" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тиран" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Chirgisica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirann" title="Tirann – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tirann" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tir%C4%81ns" title="Tirāns – Lettonica" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tirāns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiran" title="Tiran – Batava" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tiran" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Batava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrann" title="Tyrann – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tyrann" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrann" title="Tyrann – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tyrann" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyran" title="Tyran – Polonica" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tyran" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тиран – Russica" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тиран" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirannu" title="Tirannu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tirannu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiranija" title="Tiranija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tiranija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrant" title="Tyrant – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tyrant" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiran" title="Tiran – Slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tiran" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirani" title="Tirani – Albanica" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tirani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Тиранија – Serbica" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тиранија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrann" title="Tyrann – Suecica" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tyrann" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Suecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" title="ทรราช – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทรราช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maniniil" title="Maniniil – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Maniniil" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiran" title="Tiran – Turcica" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tiran" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turcica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тиран – Ucrainica" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тиран" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ucrainica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiran" title="Tiran – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Tiran" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A1o_ch%C3%BAa" title="Bạo chúa – Vietnamica" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bạo chúa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%83%AD%E4%B8%BB" title="僭主 – Sinica" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="僭主" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sinica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q180095#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Nexus inter linguas recensere" class="wbc-editpage">Nexus recensere</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spatia nominalia"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:N%C3%A1poles_Harmodio_Aristogiton_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/N%C3%A1poles_Harmodio_Aristogiton_04.jpg/220px-N%C3%A1poles_Harmodio_Aristogiton_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/N%C3%A1poles_Harmodio_Aristogiton_04.jpg/330px-N%C3%A1poles_Harmodio_Aristogiton_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/N%C3%A1poles_Harmodio_Aristogiton_04.jpg/440px-N%C3%A1poles_Harmodio_Aristogiton_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>Harmodii et Aristogitonis tyrannicidarum Atheniensium <a href="/wiki/Statua" title="Statua">statuae</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Villa_Hadriana" title="Villa Hadriana">villa Hadriani</a> repertae. Hodie in Museo achaeologico Neopolitano servantur.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tyrannis</b> (-idis f.; <a href="/wiki/Graece" class="mw-redirect" title="Graece">Graece</a> τυραννίς 'imperium') est <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rei_publicae_status&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rei publicae status (non est haec pagina)">rei publicae status</a> ubi <a href="/wiki/Tyrannus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrannus">tyrannus</a> rerum potitus, civium <a href="/wiki/Libertas" title="Libertas">libertate</a> suppressa, <a href="/wiki/Imperium" title="Imperium">imperium</a> sibi a populo assumpsit. Sic <a href="/wiki/Cicero" class="mw-redirect" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Liber" title="Liber">libro</a> secundo de <a href="/wiki/De_re_publica_(Cicero)" title="De re publica (Cicero)"><i>Re Publica</i></a>, capite 47: "Tyrannus, quo neque taetrius neque foedius nec dis hominibusque invisius <a href="/wiki/Animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal">animal</a> ullum cogitari potest; qui quamquam figura est hominis, <a href="/wiki/Mores" title="Mores">morum</a> tamen inmanitate vastissimas vincit beluas. Quis enim hunc hominem rite dixerit, qui sibi cum suis civibus, qui denique cum omni hominum genere nullam iuris communionem, nullam <a href="/wiki/Humanitas" title="Humanitas">humanitatis</a> societatem velit?". Quocirca saepe de tyrannicidii iure disceptatum est. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Sermo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sermo">sermonibus</a> novis, tyrannis etiam <a href="/wiki/Dictatura" title="Dictatura">dictatura</a> dicitur, sed vere <a href="/wiki/Roma_antiqua" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma antiqua">Romae antiquae</a> dictatura ad tempus erat, ergo tyrannidi dissimilis. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_primis_tyrannis_Graecis">De primis tyrannis Graecis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannis&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Recensere partem: De primis tyrannis Graecis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: De primis tyrannis Graecis"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tyrannis (saltem <a href="/wiki/Vocabulum" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocabulum">vocabulum</a>) in Graecia antiqua <a href="/wiki/Saeculum_7_a.C.n." title="Saeculum 7 a.C.n.">septimo saeculo a.C.n.</a> nata est. Antea enim paucae gentes sese ipsae <i>aristous</i> hoc est optimos appellantes civitates regebant et plerosque agros possidebant. At tum mutatio e re militari orta est quia <a href="/wiki/Hoplites" title="Hoplites">hoplitarum</a> <a href="/wiki/Phalanx_(bellica)" title="Phalanx (bellica)">phalanx</a> peditum partes in exercitu multum auxit. Qui homines pro patria pugnare morique iussi nova iura et aequalitatem quandam poscere coeperunt. Unde dissensiones ortae sunt oligarchis resistentibus. Primi tyranni plerumque homines nobiles erant qui populari aura freti divisionem divitiarum pollicebantur atque ita hoplitis faventibus imperium vi sibi parabant dum ceteros oligarchos expellunt aut alioqui coercent. Primos tyrannos <a href="/wiki/Demagogus" title="Demagogus">demagogos</a> fuisse aestimabat Aristoteles<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ita <a href="/wiki/Cypselidae" title="Cypselidae">Cypselidae</a> <a href="/wiki/Corinthus" title="Corinthus">Corinthi</a> et Orthagoridae <a href="/wiki/Sicyon" title="Sicyon">Sicyone</a> iam septimo saeculo<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Pittacus_Mytilenaeus" title="Pittacus Mytilenaeus">Pittacus Mytilenaeus</a> sexto ineunte in insula <a href="/wiki/Lesbos" title="Lesbos">Lesbo</a> et Thrasybulus <a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Mileti</a> et <a href="/wiki/Lygdamis_Naxius" title="Lygdamis Naxius">Lygdamis</a> <a href="/wiki/Naxos" title="Naxos">Naxius</a> et <a href="/wiki/Pisistratus" title="Pisistratus">Pisistratidae</a> <a href="/wiki/Athenae" title="Athenae">Athenis</a> et <a href="/wiki/Polycrates_Samius" title="Polycrates Samius">Polycrates</a> in insula <a href="/wiki/Samus" title="Samus">Samo</a> sexto saeculo, rerum potiti sunt atque imperium diu retinuerunt, liberis quoque nonnumquam tradiderunt. Agrorum penuria tunc temporis non tantum ad tyrannidem sed etiam ad colonias longinquas deducendas Graecos impulerunt. At qui primum optantibus imperabant mox satellites mercennarios conduxerunt, caedes et publicationes bonorum aliaque nefanda spretis legibus indixerunt. Quocirca mala fama a posteris lacerabantur ut etiamnunc apud auctores antiquos<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> legere possumus<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Quin etiam in tyrannicidarum honorem, Aristogitonis et Harmodii, monumentum Athenis in <a href="/wiki/Agora" title="Agora">agora</a> erectum est<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> atque eorum posteri in prytaneo cenabant<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liturgia_(Graecia_antiqua)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liturgia (Graecia antiqua) (non est haec pagina)">liturgiarum</a> immunes erant<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Nomen ipsum fortasse <a href="/wiki/Lydia_(regnum)" title="Lydia (regnum)">Lydium</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> erat et in malam partem accipiebatur quia imperium orientale Graecorum opinione servitutem subiectis imponebat. At qui postea ita vituperabantur laudatores quoque invenerunt quia novis legibus concordiam inter cives retinere conabanturː nonne Pittacus et Periander inter <a href="/wiki/Septem_sapientes" title="Septem sapientes">septem sapientes</a> numerabantur ? Ac secundum <a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristotelem</a> <a href="/wiki/Pisistratus" title="Pisistratus">Pisistrati</a> aetas aurea quaedam aetas fuit<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Apud modernos sunt qui tyrannos cum inventa moneta et commercio maritimo florente coniungunt, ita historicum antiquum <a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydiden</a> sequentes<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Etenim ad mercennariorum stipendia res aptissima moneta erat et classes multitudine nautarum egebant. Quinto saeculo ineunte tyranni in <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minore</a> plerumque in <a href="/wiki/Achaemenidae" title="Achaemenidae">Persarum regis</a> clientela versabantur, cuius beneficio in civitatibus imperabant, ut <a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Milesii</a> Histiaeus et <a href="/wiki/Aristagoras" title="Aristagoras">Aristagoras</a>. </p><p>Apud Graecos occidentales bella continua tam adversus indigenas aut <a href="/wiki/Carthago" title="Carthago">Carthaginienses</a> aut <a href="/wiki/Etrusci" title="Etrusci">Etruscos</a> quam intestina inter Graecos, nedum frequentes incolarum migrationes civitatum statum labefactabant atque tyrannides militares multiplicabantː in Italia meridionali Nicodemus <a href="/wiki/Cumae" title="Cumae">Cumanus</a> et Anaxilas <a href="/wiki/Rhegium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhegium">Rhegius</a>, in Sicilia <a href="/wiki/Phalaris" title="Phalaris">Phalaris</a> <a href="/wiki/Acragas" class="mw-redirect" title="Acragas">Acragante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gelon" title="Gelon">Gelon</a> et eius successor <a href="/wiki/Hieron_I_Syracusanus" title="Hieron I Syracusanus">Hieron</a> <a href="/wiki/Gela" title="Gela">Gelae</a> et <a href="/wiki/Syracusae" title="Syracusae">Syracusis</a> maxime innotuerunt. Potentissimi fuerunt tyranni Syracusani qui Poenos anno <a href="/wiki/480_a.C.n." title="480 a.C.n.">480 a.C.n.</a> et Etruscos anno <a href="/wiki/474_a.C.n." title="474 a.C.n.">474 a.C.n.</a> vicerunt. Magnis divitiis poetas et artifices adliciebant ut <a href="/wiki/Pindarus" title="Pindarus">Pindarum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simonides" title="Simonides">Simonidem</a>... Medio tamen quinto saeculo Syracusis democratiae tyrannis loco cedebat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_tyrannide_in_aetate_classica_et_hellenistica">De tyrannide in aetate classica et hellenistica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannis&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Recensere partem: De tyrannide in aetate classica et hellenistica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: De tyrannide in aetate classica et hellenistica"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Stamnos_with_death_of_the_tyrant_Hipparchus,_Syriskos_Painter,_Athens,_475-470_BC,_L_515_-_Martin_von_Wagner_Museum_-_W%C3%BCrzburg,_Germany_-_DSC05785.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stamnos_with_death_of_the_tyrant_Hipparchus%2C_Syriskos_Painter%2C_Athens%2C_475-470_BC%2C_L_515_-_Martin_von_Wagner_Museum_-_W%C3%BCrzburg%2C_Germany_-_DSC05785.jpg/220px-Stamnos_with_death_of_the_tyrant_Hipparchus%2C_Syriskos_Painter%2C_Athens%2C_475-470_BC%2C_L_515_-_Martin_von_Wagner_Museum_-_W%C3%BCrzburg%2C_Germany_-_DSC05785.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stamnos_with_death_of_the_tyrant_Hipparchus%2C_Syriskos_Painter%2C_Athens%2C_475-470_BC%2C_L_515_-_Martin_von_Wagner_Museum_-_W%C3%BCrzburg%2C_Germany_-_DSC05785.jpg/330px-Stamnos_with_death_of_the_tyrant_Hipparchus%2C_Syriskos_Painter%2C_Athens%2C_475-470_BC%2C_L_515_-_Martin_von_Wagner_Museum_-_W%C3%BCrzburg%2C_Germany_-_DSC05785.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stamnos_with_death_of_the_tyrant_Hipparchus%2C_Syriskos_Painter%2C_Athens%2C_475-470_BC%2C_L_515_-_Martin_von_Wagner_Museum_-_W%C3%BCrzburg%2C_Germany_-_DSC05785.jpg/440px-Stamnos_with_death_of_the_tyrant_Hipparchus%2C_Syriskos_Painter%2C_Athens%2C_475-470_BC%2C_L_515_-_Martin_von_Wagner_Museum_-_W%C3%BCrzburg%2C_Germany_-_DSC05785.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3555" data-file-height="4752" /></a><figcaption>Tyrannus Atheniensis Hipparchus ab Harmodio et Aristogitone occiditur. Pictura in antiquo vaso circa <a href="/wiki/470_a.C.n." title="470 a.C.n.">470 a.C.n.</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Homines qui anno <a href="/wiki/404_a.C.n." title="404 a.C.n.">404 a.C.n.</a> post <a href="/wiki/Bellum_Peloponnesiacum" title="Bellum Peloponnesiacum">bellum Peloponnesiacum</a> rerum Atheniensium suffragantibus Lacedaemoniis potiti sunt <a href="/wiki/Triginta_Tyranni" title="Triginta Tyranni">Triginta tyranni</a> appellabanturː etenim ad libitum de bonis et vita civium decernebant. Quorum dominatio non ultra annum valuit. At circa idem tempus in Sicilia diuturna et florentissima tyrannis <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_Maior" title="Dionysius Maior">Dionysii Maioris</a> eversis democraticis institutis viguit (<a href="/wiki/405_a.C.n." title="405 a.C.n.">405</a>-<a href="/wiki/367_a.C.n." title="367 a.C.n.">367 a.C.n.</a>), quam filius Dionysius Minor postea amisit (<a href="/wiki/343_a.C.n." title="343 a.C.n.">343 a.C.n.</a>). Tum Timoleon, vir Corinthius qui Dionysium vicerat, tyrannides plerasque in Sicilia sustulit atque <a href="/wiki/Oligarchia" title="Oligarchia">oligarchias</a> ibidem instituit. </p><p>Tertio saeculo <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_antiqua" title="Macedonia antiqua">Macedonibus</a> in Graecia hegemoniam retinentibus multae tyrannides cum in cetera Graecia tum in Peloponneso fuerunt. Illi tyranni Macedonum regibus morem gerebant atque ita imperium in civitatibus sibi adrogabant. Inimicus eis fuit <a href="/wiki/Aratus_Sicyonius" title="Aratus Sicyonius">Aratus Sicyionius</a> qui per <a href="/wiki/Foedus_Achaicum" title="Foedus Achaicum">Foedus Achaicum</a> libertatem Graecis vindicare volebat. Achaei enim concilium <a href="/wiki/Foederatio" title="Foederatio">foederale</a> et <a href="/wiki/Strategus" title="Strategus">strategos</a> annuos et electos probabant. Rem bene gerebat et iam paene tota Peloponnesus in Foedus coierat<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> donec <a href="/wiki/Cleomenes_III" title="Cleomenes III">Cleomenes III</a> adversaretur qui tyrannus <a href="/wiki/Sparta" class="mw-redirect" title="Sparta">Spartae</a> dicebatur quamvis <a href="/wiki/Reges_Spartae" title="Reges Spartae">regia stirpe Heraclidarum</a> ortus quia occisis <a href="/wiki/Ephori" title="Ephori">ephoris</a> et sublata gente regia Eurypontidum ad libitum civitatem regebatː homines inferiore dignitate ad civitatem promovit et agros inter cives aequaliter divisit. Ita mala civitatis suae sanare cupiebat, hoc est paucitatem civium et divitias penes paucissimos homines coactas<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Quae consilia vicinis civitatibus et Arato displicebant. At Cleomenes sine Macedonum auxilio vinci non potuit qui veterem rempublicam restituerunt. Post paucos annos alter rex tyrannus Spartae exstitit rerum novarum instigatorː <a href="/wiki/Nabis" title="Nabis">Nabis</a> (207-<a href="/wiki/192_a.C.n." title="192 a.C.n.">192</a>). At dum ultimi tyranni Graeci in parvis civitatibus regnare conantur iam de dominatione in orbe terrarum disceptabant <a href="/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia">monarchiae</a> Macedonicae et crescens imperium Romanum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_tyrannidis_definitione">De tyrannidis definitione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannis&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Recensere partem: De tyrannidis definitione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: De tyrannidis definitione"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In litteris antiquis significatio socialis tyrannidis (confiscatio bonorum divitum hominum, servorum mancipatio, divisio agrorum...) aliquantulum oblitterabatur. Plerumque moralis pravitas hominis cuiusdam supra leges omnia ad libidinem suam regere volentis vituperabatur<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. In dialogo quem <a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a> de tyrannide composuit<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Simonides" title="Simonides">Simonides</a> <a href="/wiki/Hieron_I_Syracusanus" title="Hieron I Syracusanus">Hieroni</a> tyranno suadebat ut non sibi consuleret cum imperaret sed civibus suisː ita enim regem appellari meriturum. Eadem sentiebat <a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Politica_(Aristoteles)" title="Politica (Aristoteles)">Politicis</a></i> suis<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>cum tyrannidem depravatam monarchiam esse finiebat<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Alibi tyrannidem mixturam extremae oligarchiae et democratiae esse scribebat atque ambarum vitia cumulasse<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Socrates vero apud Platonem explicabat quomodo tyrannis, ultima e pravis rebus publicis, e democratia velut necessario nasceretur<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Magis quam status reipublicae tyrannis modus quidam vitiosus imperandi vulgo videbatur<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Exempli gratia <a href="/wiki/Tarquinius_Superbus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarquinius Superbus">Tarquinius Superbus</a> tyrannice regnasse dici poterat, qui sensus apud modernos praevaluit. Hoc enim a ceteris <a href="/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia">monarchiis</a> differt maxime tyrannis quod tyrannus leges, mores patrios, iura civium suorum, nonnumquam etiam religionem contemnit. Rursus bonus tyrannus a rege non multum distat<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Exempli gratia sedecimo saeculo <a href="/wiki/Iesuita" class="mw-redirect" title="Iesuita">iesuitae</a> theoriam de tyrannicidii sanctimonia explicaruntː tyranni erant secundum eos reges, etsi legitime ad regnum pervenerunt, ceterique duces qui veram doctrinam Christianam (hoc est auctoritatem <a href="/wiki/Papa" title="Papa">papalem</a> et <a href="/wiki/Catholicismus" title="Catholicismus">ecclesiam Romanam catholicam</a>) non sequebantur et subiectos <a href="/wiki/Haeresis" title="Haeresis">ad haeresim</a> ducebantː in numero tyrannorum occidendorum ponebant reginam Anglorum <a href="/wiki/Elizabetha_I_(regina_Angliae)" title="Elizabetha I (regina Angliae)">Elisabetham</a> et regem Francogallorum <a href="/wiki/Henricus_IV_(rex_Francorum)" title="Henricus IV (rex Francorum)">Henricum IV</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> aut etiam <a href="/wiki/Gulielmus_Auriacus" title="Gulielmus Auriacus">Gulielmum Auriacum</a>, rebellionis Batavorum ducem. Rursus protestantes ipsum papam nihil aliud esse quam impudentissimum tyrannum existimabant<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neces_exemplares">Neces exemplares</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannis&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Recensere partem: Neces exemplares" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Neces exemplares"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>, 49, de Caligulae interitu: “Duplex dehinc fama est: alii tradunt adloquenti pueros a tergo Chaeream cervicem gladio caesim graviter percussisse, premissa voce: Hoc age! Dehinc Cornelium Sabinum, alterum e coniuratis, tribunum ex adverso traiecisse pectus; alii Sabinum, summota per conscios centuriones turba, signum more militiate petisse, et Gaio Iovem dante Chaeream exclamasse: Accipe ratum! respicientique maxillam ictu discidisse. Iacentem contractisque membris clamitantem se vivere caeteri vulneribus triginta confecerunt; nam signum erat omnium: Repete! Quidam etiam per obscaena ferrum adegerunt.” </p><p>Suetonius, <a href="/wiki/Galba" class="mw-redirect" title="Galba">Galba</a>, 20, de Galbae interitu: “Iugulatus est ad locum Curtii ac relictus ita uti erat, donec gregarius miles a frumentatione rediens abiecto onere caput ei amputavit; et quoniam capillo arripere non poterat, in gremium addidit, mox inserto per os pollice ad Othonem donavit. Ille lixis calonibusque donavit, qui hasta suffixum non sine ludibrio circum castra portarunt, adclamantes: Galba Cupido, fruaris aetate tua!” </p><p>Suetonius, <a href="/wiki/Vitellius" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitellius">Vitellius</a>, 17, de Vitelli interitu: “Donec religatis post terga manibus, iniecto cervicibus laqueo, veste discissa seminudus in forum tractus et inter magna rerum et verborum ludibria per totum viae Sacrae spatium, reducto coma capite, ceu noxii solent, atque etiam mento mucrone gladii subrecto, ut visendam praeberet faciem neve summitteret; quibusdam stercore et caenum incessentibus, alii incendiarium et patinarium vociferantibus, parte vulgi etiam corporis vitia exprobante; erat enim in eo enormis proceritas, facies rubida plerumque ex vinulentia, venter obesus, alterum femur subdebile impulso olim quadrigae, cum auriganti Gaio ministrantem exhiberet. Tandem apud Gemonias minutissis ictibus excarnificatus atque confectus, et inde unco tractus in <a href="/wiki/Tiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiber">Tiberim</a>." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Remedia_tyrannidis">Remedia tyrannidis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannis&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Recensere partem: Remedia tyrannidis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Remedia tyrannidis"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1) Pretium polliceri percussori et parentibus eius. Valerius Maximus (5.4.ext3): "Vos quoque, fratres,—inquit—memoria complectar, quorum animus origine fuit nobilior, siquidem admodum humiles in Hispania nati pro parentium alimentis <a href="/wiki/Spiritus" class="mw-disambig" title="Spiritus">spiritum</a> erogando specioso exitu vitae inclaruistis: XII enim milia <a href="/wiki/Nummus" title="Nummus">nummum</a>, quae post mortem vestram his darentur, a Paciaecis pactis, ut eorum patris interfectorem Etpastum gentis suae tyrannus occideretis, nec ausi solum insigne facinus estis, sed etiam strenuo ac forti exitu claudistis: isdem enim manibus Paciaecis ultionem Etpasto poenam, genitoribus nutrimenta, vobis gloriosa fata peperisti." </p><p>2) Principiis obstare. Valerius Maximus (6.3.1): "M. Manlius, unde Gallos depulerat, inde ipse praecipitatus est, quia fortiter defensam libertatem nefarie opprimere conatus fuerat. Cuius iustae ultionis nimirum haec praefatio fuit: 'Manlius eras mihi, cum praecipites agebas Senonas; postquam imitari coepisti, unus factus es ex Senonibus.'" </p><p>Hanc parabulam <a href="/wiki/Spiritus_Sanctus" title="Spiritus Sanctus">Spiritus Sanctus</a> posuit in ore <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioatham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioatham (non est haec pagina)">Ioatham</a>, fili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ierobaal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ierobaal (non est haec pagina)">Ierobaal</a> (Iudices, 9): Ierunt ligna, ut ungerent super se regem: dixeruntque olivae: Impera nobis. Quae respondit: Numquid possum deserere pinguedinem meam, qua et dii utuntur et homines, et venire ut inter ligna promovear? Dixeruntque ligna ad arborem ficum: Veni, et super nos regnum accipe. Quae respondit eis: Numquid possum deserere dulcedinem meam, fructusque suavissimos, et ire ut inter caetera ligna promovear? Locutaque sunt ligna ad vitem: Veni, et impera nobis. Quae respondit eis: Numquid possum deserere vinum meum, quod beatificat Deum et homines, et inter caetera ligna promoveri? Dixeruntque omnia ligna ad rhamnum: Veni, et impera super nos. Quae respondit eis: Si vere me regem vobis constituitis, venite et sub umbra mea requiescite; si autem non vultis, egrediatur ignis de rhamno, et devoret cedros Libani. </p><p>3 Regum 12: Locutus est <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roboam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roboam (non est haec pagina)">Roboam</a> popolo: Minimus digitus meus grossior est dorso patris mei: pater meus aggravavit iugum vestrum, ego autem addam iugo vestro: pater meus caecidit vos flagellis, ego autem caedam vos scorpionibus. </p><p>Populo autem verba ista non placuerunt: Misit ergo rex Roboam Aduram, qui erat super tributa, et lapidavit eum omnis Israel, et mortuus est. Porro rex Roboam ascendit currum, et fugit in Ierusalem. </p><p>1 <a href="/wiki/Samuel" class="mw-disambig" title="Samuel">Samuelis</a> 8: Hoc erit ius regis, qui imperaturus est vobis: Filios vestros tollet, et ponet in curribus suis, facietque sibi equites et precursores quadrigarum suarum, et constituet sibi tribunos, et centuriones, et aratores agrorum suorum, et messores segetum, et fabros armorum et curruum suorum. Filiasque quoque vestras faciet sibi unguentarias, et focarias, et panificas. Agros quoque vestros, et vineas, et oliveta optima tollet, et dabit servis suis. Sed et segetes vestras, et vinearum reditus addecimabit, ut det eunuchis et famulis suis. […] Vosque eritis ei servi. Et clamabitis in die illa a facie regis vestri, quem eligistis vobis: et non exaudiet vos Dominus in die illa, quia petistis vobis regem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notae">Notae</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannis&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Recensere partem: Notae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Notae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Politica_(Aristoteles)" title="Politica (Aristoteles)">Politica</a></i> V.5.6-10 et V.10.2-3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ibidem V.12.1-4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Exempli gratia <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Historiae_(Herodotus)" title="Historiae (Herodotus)">Terpsichore</a></i> V.92 ubi Corinthius Socles orationem habet qua <a href="/wiki/Reges_Spartae" title="Reges Spartae">regem Lacedaemoniorum</a> <a href="/wiki/Cleomenes_I" title="Cleomenes I">Cleomenem</a> monet ne tyrannidem Athenis instituere vellet. Nam ipsi Corinthii sub <a href="/wiki/Cypselidae" title="Cypselidae">Cypselidis</a> abominanda passi erant. Item Aristoteles quibus Persicis et barbaris artibus tyranni potestatem suam retineant describens (<i><a href="/wiki/Politica_(Aristoteles)" title="Politica (Aristoteles)">Politica</a></i> V.11.4-16). Cf. <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Antigone_(Sophocles)" title="Antigone (Sophocles)">Antigone</a></i>, 504-507. <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Medea_(Euripides)" title="Medea (Euripides)">Medea</a></i> 348. At in omnibus alpis locis huius fabulae (versus 453, 458, 597, 607, 700, 740 etc.) hoc nomen in bonam partem accipiendum est nec aliud valere videtur quam "rex". Item tragoediam Sophocleam <i>Οἰδίπους Τύραννος</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_rex" title="Oedipus rex">Oedipodem regem</a></i> interpretari solemus (de quo vide argumentum fabulaeː <i>τοὺς πρὸ τῶν Τρωικῶν βασιλεῖς τυραννοὺς προσαγορεύοντες</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Claude Mossé et Annie Schnapp-Gourbeillon, <i>Précis d'histoire grecque</i>, 1999ː 133-153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lycurgus_(orator)" title="Lycurgus (orator)">Lycurgus</a>, <i>Contra Leocratem</i> 51. Vincent Azoulay, <i>Les tyrannicides d'Athènes : vie et mort de deux statues</i>, Seuil, 2014. Cf iusiurandum ab <a href="/wiki/Andocides" title="Andocides">Andocide</a> relatum (<i>De Mysteriis</i> 97)ː <i>κτενῶ καὶ λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ καὶ ψήφῳ καὶ τῇ ἐμαυτοῦ χειρί, ἂν δυνατὸς ὦ, ... ἐάν τις τυραννεῖν ἐπαναστῇ ἢ τὸν τύραννον συγκαταστήσῃ</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dinarchus" title="Dinarchus">Dinarchus</a>, <i>Contra Demosthenem</i> 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Demosthenes, <a href="/wiki/Adversus_Leptinem" title="Adversus Leptinem">Adversus Leptinem</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Etenim <a href="/wiki/Gyges" title="Gyges">Gyges</a>, Lydiorum regni usurpator, a poeta <a href="/wiki/Archilochus" title="Archilochus">Archilocho</a> primus omnium in servatis litteris tyrannus appellatus estː Antonia Soulez, <i>Gygès le Tyran</i>, Éd. La Digitale, 1980 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/homso_0018-4306_1983_num_67_1_2130">Recensio critica</a>. Antiqui grammatici originem verbi saepe cum piratis <a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenia_(discretiva)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tyrrhenia (discretiva)">Tyrrhenis</a> coniungebant (vide <i>Oedipodis regis</i> argumentum).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/De_republica_Atheniensium_(Aristoteles)" title="De republica Atheniensium (Aristoteles)">De republica Atheniensium</a></i> 16.7ː <i>ὁ ἐπὶ Κρόνου βίος</i>. Isocrates quoque quarto saeculo in bonam partem hoc nomen ponit atque idem significare facit atque rex (<i>Ad Nicoclem</i> etc.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Historiae_(Thucydides)" title="Historiae (Thucydides)">Historiae</a></i> I.13ː <i>Δυνατωτέρας δὲ γιγνομένης τῆς Ἑλλάδος καὶ τῶν χρημάτων τὴν κτῆσιν ἔτι μᾶλλον ἢ πρότερον ποιουμένης τὰ πολλὰ τυραννίδες ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι καθίσταντο, τῶν προσόδων μειζόνων γιγνομένων (πρότερον δὲ ἦσαν ἐπὶ ῥητοῖς γέρασι πατρικαὶ βασιλεῖαι), ναυτικά τε ἐξηρτύετο ἡ Ἑλλάς, καὶ τῆς θαλάσσης μᾶλλον ἀντείχοντο. πρῶτοι δὲ Κορίνθιοι λέγονται ἐγγύτατα τοῦ νῦν τρόπου μεταχειρίσαι τὰ περὶ τὰς ναῦς, καὶ τριήρεις ἐν Κορίνθῳ πρῶτον τῆς Ἑλλάδος ναυπηγηθῆναι. φαίνεται δὲ καὶ Σαμίοις Ἀμεινοκλῆς Κορίνθιος ναυπηγὸς ναῦς ποιήσας τέσσαρας</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Plutarchus" title="Plutarchus">Plutarchus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vita_Arati_(Plutarchus)" title="Vita Arati (Plutarchus)">Vitae Parallelaeː Aratus</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Plutarchus" title="Plutarchus">Plutarchus</a>, <i>Vitae Parallelaeː Cleomenes</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ita <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Politia_(Plato)" title="Politia (Plato)">Politia</a></i> IX.1-6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Hiero_(Xenophon)" title="Hiero (Xenophon)">Ἱέρων ἢ Τυραννικός</a></i>, hoc est "Hiero vel de tyrannide".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> III.6-7. Cf. etiam ibidem IV.10 et V.10.9 et V.10.37-38(1313a).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Non tamen e monarchia nasci solebat sed e nimia oligarchia vel democratia (ibidem IV.11.11).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">V.10.2 (1310b)ː <i>ἡ δὲ τυραννὶς ἐξ ὀλιγαρχίας τῆς ὑστάτης σύγκειται καὶ δημοκρατίας· διὸ δὴ καὶ βλαβερωτάτη τοῖς ἀρχομένοις ἐστίν, ἅτε ἐκ δυοῖν συγκειμένη κακῶν καὶ τὰς παρεκβάσεις καὶ τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἔχουσα τὰς παρ᾽ ἀμφοτέρων τῶν πολιτειῶν</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Politia_(Plato)" title="Politia (Plato)">Politia</a></i> VIII.14-16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politia_(Plato)" title="Politia (Plato)">Politia</a> 344a-c.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ibidem V.11.18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Monique Cottret, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cairn.info/revue-parlements1-2010-3-page-107.htm">La justification catholique du tyrannicide</a>" in <i>Parlement[s], Revue d'histoire politique</i> 2010/3ː 107-117. Delcourt Marie. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/215806/1/6Laevinus.pdf">[1]</a><a href="/wiki/Laevinus_Torrentius" title="Laevinus Torrentius">Laevinus Torrentius</a><span> et le tyrannicide</span>." <i>Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire</i>, 1952ː 169-174</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean Hubac, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24309090">Tyrannie et tyrannicide selon Pierre Jurieu</a>", <i>Bulletin de la Société de l'Histoire du Protestantisme Français</i>, 2006(152)ː 583-609. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://materialisme-dialectique.com/de-la-servitude-volontaire-contre-le-tyran-mais-aussi-contre-le-pape/">Commentarius ad Stephanum de la Boétie, <i>Traité de la servitude volontaire</i></a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plura_legere_si_cupis">Plura legere si cupis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannis&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Recensere partem: Plura legere si cupis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrannis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Plura legere si cupis"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephanus_de_la_Bo%C3%A9tie" title="Stephanus de la Boétie">Stephanus de la Boétie</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97697167/f107.item">Discours de la servitude volontaire</a></i>, 1574</li> <li>A. Andrewes, <i>The Greek tyrants</i>, Londinii, 1979</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helimutus_Berve" title="Helimutus Berve">Helimutus Berve</a>, <i>Die Tyrannis bei den Griechen. Erster Band : Darstellung. Zweiter Band : Anmerkungen</i>, 1967 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1969_num_71_1_3838_t1_0166_0000_2">Recensio critica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1968_num_81_386_1064">Altera redcensio critica</a></li> <li>Robert K. Fleck et F. Andrew Hanssen, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/670731">How Tyranny Paved the Way to Democracy: The Democratic Transition in Ancient Greece</a>", <i>The Journal of Law and Economics</i>, 2013ː</li> <li>Mait Koiv, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305146073_Basileus_tyrannos_and_polis_The_Dynamics_of_Monarchy_in_Early_Greece">Basileus, tyrannos and polis. The Dynamics of Monarchy in Early Greece</a>", <i>Klio</i> 2016(98/1): 1-89</li> <li>Alexander Kojève, <i>Tyrannie et sagesse</i>, Gallimard, 1954 (reed. anno 1997 cum Leo Strauss, <i>De la tyrannie</i>, et epistulis ab ambobus auctoribus invicem missis).</li> <li>Loretana de Libero, <i>Die archaische Tyrannis</i>. Steiner, Stuttgardiae, 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_1999_num_77_1_6015_t1_0236_0000_3">Recensio critica</a></li> <li>Claudia Mossé, <i>La tyrannie dans la Grèce antique</i>, PUF, 1979 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1970_num_83_396_1149_t2_0549_0000_2">Recensio critica</a></li> <li>Waller R. Newell, <i>Tyranny : a new interpretation</i>, Cambridge University Press, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=tfQ-UuYSEt0C&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum</a></li> <li>Pavel Oliva, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/dha_0755-7256_1982_num_8_1_1594">The Early tyranny</a>", <i>Dialogues d'histoire ancienne</i>, 1982ː 363-380</li> <li>Viktor Parker, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304962584_Vom_Konig_zum_Tyrannen_Eine_Betrachtung_zur_Entstehung_der_alteren_griechischen_Tyrannis">Vom König zum Tyrannen. Eine Betrachtung zur Entstehung der älteren griechischen Tyrannis</a>", in <i>Tyche Band II</i>, 1996ː 165-186</li> <li>Sylvain Roux, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_2001_num_114_1_4439">Entre mythe et tragédie : l'origine de la tyrannie selon Platon.</a>" <i>Revue des Études Grecques</i>, 2001ː 140-159</li> <li>Leo Strauss, <i>On tyranny: an interpretation of Xenophon's</i> Hiero. Novi Eboraci : Political science classics, 1948.</li> <li>Heinrich Swoboda, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia800708.us.archive.org/view_archive.php?archive=/28/items/crossref-pre-1923-scholarly-works/10.1524%252F9783050052465.79.zip&file=10.1524%252Fklio.1912.12.12.341.pdf">Zur Beurteilung der griechischen Tyrannis</a>", <i>Klio : Beiträge zur alten Geschichte</i>, 1912ː 341-354</li> <li>Percy Ure, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia600708.us.archive.org/view_archive.php?archive=/22/items/crossref-pre-1909-scholarly-works/10.2307%252F623734.zip&file=10.2307%252F624344.pdf">The Origin of the Tyrannis</a>", <i>Journal of Hellenic Studies</i>, 1906ː 131-142</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_interni">Nexus interni</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchia" title="Anarchia">Anarchia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autocratia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autocratia (non est haec pagina)">Autocratia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communismus" title="Communismus">Communismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratia" title="Democratia">Democratia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominatio_immoderata" title="Dominatio immoderata">Dominatio immoderata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ius_resistendi" title="Ius resistendi">Ius resistendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifestatio" class="mw-redirect" title="Manifestatio">Manifestatio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrannis_maioritatis" title="Tyrannis maioritatis">Tyrannis maioritatis</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <h2 id="De_hac_pagina" style="border: none; text-align: right; font-size: .8em; position: relative; font-family: sans-serif; margin: 2em 0 .5em 0; padding: 0; clear: both;">De hac pagina</h2><div style="text-align: right; margin: .5em 0; font-size: .8em; font-style: italic;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Cscr-featured.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/16px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/24px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/32px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span> Haec pagina <a href="/wiki/Formula:PaginaMensis/Octobris_2023" title="Formula:PaginaMensis/Octobris 2023">fuit</a> <a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Pagina_mensis" title="Vicipaedia:Pagina mensis">pagina mensis</a> <a href="/wiki/Octobris" class="mw-redirect" title="Octobris">Octobris</a> <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>. </p> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Receptum de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tyrannis&oldid=3851149">https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tyrannis&oldid=3851149</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Categoriae" title="Specialis:Categoriae">Categoriae</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:L_%2B1" title="Categoria:L +1">L +1</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Latinitas_%2B1_(bona)" title="Categoria:Latinitas +1 (bona)">Latinitas +1 (bona)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Res_politicae" title="Categoria:Res politicae">Res politicae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Societas_hominum" title="Categoria:Societas hominum">Societas hominum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Paginae_mensis" title="Categoria:Paginae mensis">Paginae mensis</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoriae celatae: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Paginae_cum_sectione_nexuum_internorum" title="Categoria:Paginae cum sectione nexuum internorum">Paginae cum sectione nexuum internorum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Myrias_Societas" title="Categoria:Myrias Societas">Myrias Societas</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Novissima mutatio die 11 Septembris 2024 hora 10:24 facta.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Nonobstantibus ceteris condicionibus hunc textum tractare licet secundum <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License"</a>. 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