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Situated as a passage in the Middle East, the Caspian and Central Asian region. In particular it... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14793094" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Iran has %10 of the world’s oil reserves (133 billion barrels) and %18 of the world’s natural gas reserves (26 trillion cubic meters). Situated as a passage in the Middle East, the Caspian and Central Asian region. In particular it is the only way out of the region together with Russia. Threat perception and desire to gain prestige in the international arena has led to the request of Iran becoming a nuclear power. Nuclear energy is a two-sided energy. NPT (The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of  Nuclear Weapons) is a right for states to the production of nuclear energy on peaceful purposes . But the countries who succeeded it, generally have reflected the strength on their military powers. Nuclear weapons are such powers that not to be used, but to show of strength.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14793094" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c132bb642a8d7ffc0ece252eab0103dc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38426351,"asset_id":14793094,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38426351/download_file?st=MTczMjcyNjA5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6451168" href="https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek">İlknur Şimşek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6451168" type="text/json">{"id":6451168,"first_name":"İlknur","last_name":"Şimşek","domain_name":"culture-routes","page_name":"İlknurSimsek","display_name":"İlknur Şimşek","profile_url":"https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6451168/2605227/33143656/s65_i_lknur._im_ek.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14793094 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14793094"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14793094, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14793094", }); 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In fact, these countries were not eligible neither to democracy nor full membership in the direction of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14793483" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the European Union (EU)'s policy in Eastern Europe experienced a radical change. In fact, these countries were not eligible neither to democracy nor full membership in the direction of the economy. However, on the one hand to compensate for the errors of the Second World War and to create a buffer zone between Russia, the EU countries adopted a political decisions to new coming members. By changing the meaning of integrity and taken a new step in the identification made Balkans become part of the EU.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14793483" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b51c8bf2df243e2c6846a03146b0e419" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38426421,"asset_id":14793483,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38426421/download_file?st=MTczMjcyNjA5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6451168" href="https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek">İlknur Şimşek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6451168" type="text/json">{"id":6451168,"first_name":"İlknur","last_name":"Şimşek","domain_name":"culture-routes","page_name":"İlknurSimsek","display_name":"İlknur Şimşek","profile_url":"https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6451168/2605227/33143656/s65_i_lknur._im_ek.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14793483 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14793483"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14793483, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14793483", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14793483]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14793483").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14793483").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14793483"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15290" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Balkans">Ottoman Balkans</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15290" type="text/json">{"id":15290,"name":"Ottoman Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Balkans","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17409" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_And_Geopolitics_In_The_Balkans">History And Geopolitics In The Balkans</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17409" type="text/json">{"id":17409,"name":"History And Geopolitics In The Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_And_Geopolitics_In_The_Balkans","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19023" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Europeanization_of_the_Balkans">Europeanization of the Balkans</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19023" type="text/json">{"id":19023,"name":"Europeanization of the Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Europeanization_of_the_Balkans","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="89536" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Balkans">Western Balkans</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="89536" type="text/json">{"id":89536,"name":"Western Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Balkans","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14793483]'), work: {"id":14793483,"title":"Balkans in Between the Others ","created_at":"2015-08-09T10:15:33.227-07:00","owner_id":6451168,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/14793483/Balkans_in_Between_the_Others","slug":"Balkans_in_Between_the_Others","dom_id":"work_14793483","summary":" After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the European Union (EU)'s policy in Eastern Europe experienced a radical change. 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At the same time it also has importance in terms of politics due to being on geo-strategic passageway between East and West. The EU has its interest to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14793942" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Middle East is a region that has a significant portion of the world's energy sources. At the same time it also has importance  in terms of politics due to being on geo-strategic passageway between East and West. The EU has its interest to the Middle East in political, strategic, cultural and economic reasons. The union is aware of the need to play an active role in the Middle East, but despite the collaborative efforts it has not yet reached its desired part in the Middle East policy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14793942" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b4108ef0854a9d93b82c8da1e0e74b07" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38426495,"asset_id":14793942,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38426495/download_file?st=MTczMjcyNjA5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6451168" href="https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek">İlknur Şimşek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6451168" type="text/json">{"id":6451168,"first_name":"İlknur","last_name":"Şimşek","domain_name":"culture-routes","page_name":"İlknurSimsek","display_name":"İlknur Şimşek","profile_url":"https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6451168/2605227/33143656/s65_i_lknur._im_ek.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14793942 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14793942"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14793942, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14793942", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14793942 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14793942; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14793942"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14793942 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14793942"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14793942; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14793942]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14793942").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14793942").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14793942"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28721" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_and_Middle_East">European Union and Middle East</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28721" type="text/json">{"id":28721,"name":"European Union and Middle East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_and_Middle_East","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43520" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East">Middle East</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43520" type="text/json">{"id":43520,"name":"Middle East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1000851" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Europe_and_the_Middle_East">Modern Europe and the Middle East</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1000851" type="text/json">{"id":1000851,"name":"Modern Europe and the Middle East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Europe_and_the_Middle_East","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14793942]'), work: {"id":14793942,"title":"Europe and the Middle East ","created_at":"2015-08-09T10:30:09.543-07:00","owner_id":6451168,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/14793942/Europe_and_the_Middle_East","slug":"Europe_and_the_Middle_East","dom_id":"work_14793942","summary":"Middle East is a region that has a significant portion of the world's energy sources. 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Experienced regional problems or to have global impact of the economic crisis is the main indicator of this... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14794371" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In our globalized world need of bilateral as well as multilateral interdependence makes itself felt more and more each day. Experienced regional problems or to have global impact of the economic crisis is the main indicator of this situation. Energy and producer goods to meet the needs of emerging economies is an important issue in China Policy. China-EU relations can be divided into three aspects; historical, economic and political. With the division it needs to be remembered that economic and political fields are not seperate from each other. In view of the historical background shapes between the two sides.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14794371" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="26daa83abb0d622ea3bc3360d4ffdf2a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38426612,"asset_id":14794371,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38426612/download_file?st=MTczMjcyNjA5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6451168" href="https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek">İlknur Şimşek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6451168" type="text/json">{"id":6451168,"first_name":"İlknur","last_name":"Şimşek","domain_name":"culture-routes","page_name":"İlknurSimsek","display_name":"İlknur Şimşek","profile_url":"https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6451168/2605227/33143656/s65_i_lknur._im_ek.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14794371 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14794371"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14794371, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14794371", }); 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Questions raises around what will benefit the British to remain in the EU and what happens if separated from the Union... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14794733" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The United Kingdom (UK) is discussing the advantages and disadvantages of leaving the European Union (EU) for a while. Questions raises around what will benefit the British to remain in the EU and what happens if separated from the Union membership? Giving answers to this matter in terms of the UK is not easy.  Being “outside” can mean to have quite large changes on different scenarios. For the UK not to take part in the process of establishing the EU, but to become a member later on might tell us something. From becoming a member of the EU till today there always was a serious doubt towards the membership amongst the British voters. Giving the appearance of one foot in and one foot outside the EU has put the UK always in different position. Is the UK going to divorce the EU after 40 years of membership? This issue is not only important for the citizens of the UK, but the EU and international policy too.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14794733" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ff2a321b7bd721cf9649547876c7fafe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38426690,"asset_id":14794733,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38426690/download_file?st=MTczMjcyNjA5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6451168" href="https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek">İlknur Şimşek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6451168" type="text/json">{"id":6451168,"first_name":"İlknur","last_name":"Şimşek","domain_name":"culture-routes","page_name":"İlknurSimsek","display_name":"İlknur Şimşek","profile_url":"https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6451168/2605227/33143656/s65_i_lknur._im_ek.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14794733 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14794733"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14794733, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14794733", }); 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Viyana Kongresi Avrupa’da adeta bir ahenk yaratacak ve uzun yıllar Avrupa’lı birbiriyle savaşa girmeyecekti. Sonunda Avrupa’ya... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38132998" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">20 yıl aradan sonra 1815’te, amaç sadece barışı geri getirebilecek çözüm yolları bulmaktan geçiyordu. Viyana Kongresi Avrupa’da adeta bir ahenk yaratacak ve uzun yıllar Avrupa’lı birbiriyle savaşa girmeyecekti. Sonunda Avrupa’ya bekledikleri barış gelmişti. Metternich’in de yazdığı gibi dünyada iki etki vardı, biri sosyal, öteki de politik etkiydi. Önderliğini yaptığı kongrede bu ikisi namına kararlar alınmış ve görevde olduğu sürece yazdığını doğrulamıştı. Napolyon emperyalizminden kurtulan Avrupa, özellikle Fransa, bu süreç içerisinde birçok kongreyi görecek ve neticesinde devrim yıllarına geri postalanan bir ülke olacaktır. Bir zamanlar Napolyon’un elinde bulunan hegemonya şimdi diğer Avrupa’lı devletlerin eline geçecekti. Viyana ve sonrasındaki kongreler ışığında hareket eden devletler, Realizm’in aksine tek başlarına hareket etmeyerek daha yapılandırmacı/inşacı bir mantıkla hareket etmişlerdi. Tabiki kendi iç politikalarında realist bir takım endişeleri bulunmaktaydı ama neticede bir birlik olarak hareket etmeye çalışmışlar ve mevcut sistemi değiştirmek istemişlerdi.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38132998" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f1e5dba939b8447ca7608139bee48609" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58163668,"asset_id":38132998,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58163668/download_file?st=MTczMjcyNjA5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6451168" href="https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek">İlknur Şimşek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6451168" type="text/json">{"id":6451168,"first_name":"İlknur","last_name":"Şimşek","domain_name":"culture-routes","page_name":"İlknurSimsek","display_name":"İlknur Şimşek","profile_url":"https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6451168/2605227/33143656/s65_i_lknur._im_ek.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38132998 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38132998"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38132998, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38132998", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38132998]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38132998").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38132998").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38132998"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7978" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_History">Political History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7978" type="text/json">{"id":7978,"name":"Political History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_History","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38132998]'), work: {"id":38132998,"title":"Viyana Kongresi Sürecinde Barışın İnşası ve Avrupa Ahengi (1814-1822)","created_at":"2019-01-11T05:57:26.801-08:00","owner_id":6451168,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/38132998/Viyana_Kongresi_S%C3%BCrecinde_Bar%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1n_%C4%B0n%C5%9Fas%C4%B1_ve_Avrupa_Ahengi_1814_1822_","slug":"Viyana_Kongresi_Sürecinde_Barışın_İnşası_ve_Avrupa_Ahengi_1814_1822_","dom_id":"work_38132998","summary":"20 yıl aradan sonra 1815’te, amaç sadece barışı geri getirebilecek çözüm yolları bulmaktan geçiyordu. 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Tabiki kendi iç politikalarında realist bir takım endişeleri bulunmaktaydı ama neticede bir birlik olarak hareket etmeye çalışmışlar ve mevcut sistemi değiştirmek istemişlerdi.","publication":"Minerva","publication_with_fallback":"Minerva","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58163668,"asset_id":38132998,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58163668/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58163668/Viyana_Kongresi_Surecinde_Barisin_Insasi-Ilknur_Semsek_pdf-libre.pdf?1547231816=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DViyana_Kongresi_Surecinde_Barisin_Insasi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732118256\u0026Signature=P~wRak4tw6GonPK7U40T7MHJZOd1Wbs9xnOrKvqFnTdi-IK5qTv3zQAGrJcW7BmoyVNdsRHozoRe8ir0DxPwJbZbHmGBhPBDh0DWqiqd6B~frHxri79t0a2sSfjPMtBhQhE5r~LlFo859A1LMRP3Rzaa7PE6b1dQP00yh13ZxDSUZj5ugXyYfHsD9tJEOUObeQIBjoeqkMXkgz4N3nzPfGJbwLCw60uSKVFT59Uav6pOX20YiwAPLwP3TMOSPTLaGagCzXOyo0Sw8SeQW21Aq7uSVGAyiTidTcr8rjcexBiicKogubgQqBBiy0cUJ3p5hlfPK69MFp1f1Xr~aIX03Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58163668/download_file?st=MTczMjcyNjA5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/58163668/mini_magick20190111-5145-16mmvy.png?1547231727"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":58163668,"asset_id":38132998,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58163668/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58163668/Viyana_Kongresi_Surecinde_Barisin_Insasi-Ilknur_Semsek_pdf-libre.pdf?1547231816=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DViyana_Kongresi_Surecinde_Barisin_Insasi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732118256\u0026Signature=P~wRak4tw6GonPK7U40T7MHJZOd1Wbs9xnOrKvqFnTdi-IK5qTv3zQAGrJcW7BmoyVNdsRHozoRe8ir0DxPwJbZbHmGBhPBDh0DWqiqd6B~frHxri79t0a2sSfjPMtBhQhE5r~LlFo859A1LMRP3Rzaa7PE6b1dQP00yh13ZxDSUZj5ugXyYfHsD9tJEOUObeQIBjoeqkMXkgz4N3nzPfGJbwLCw60uSKVFT59Uav6pOX20YiwAPLwP3TMOSPTLaGagCzXOyo0Sw8SeQW21Aq7uSVGAyiTidTcr8rjcexBiicKogubgQqBBiy0cUJ3p5hlfPK69MFp1f1Xr~aIX03Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58163668/download_file?st=MTczMjcyNjA5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/58163668/mini_magick20190111-5145-16mmvy.png?1547231727"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":13,"ordered_authors":[{"id":6451168,"first_name":"İlknur","last_name":"Şimşek","domain_name":"culture-routes","page_name":"İlknurSimsek","display_name":"İlknur Şimşek","profile_url":"https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6451168/2605227/33143656/s65_i_lknur._im_ek.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History","nofollow":false},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science","nofollow":false},{"id":7978,"name":"Political History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_History","nofollow":false},{"id":478717,"name":"Congress of Vienna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Congress_of_Vienna"},{"id":1775991,"name":"European Harmony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Harmony"}],"publication_year":2014,"publication_year_with_fallback":2014,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":4964,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38133139" data-work_id="38133139" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38133139/T%C3%BCrkiyenin_Jeopolitik_%C3%96nemi_K%C3%B6pr%C3%BC_m%C3%BC_Kanat_m%C4%B1_Merkez_mi">Türkiye'nin Jeopolitik Önemi; Köprü mü, Kanat mı, Merkez mi?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Uzun yıllar köprü imajını bünyesinde barındıran Türkiye, artık farklı kavramlarla anılmaya mı başlamıştır? Osmanlı mirası ve Kuzey Atlantik (NATO) üyesi olan ülke, sonunda amacına ulaşıp Avrupa Birliği (AB)'ne üyeliğini kabul... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38133139" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Uzun yıllar köprü imajını bünyesinde barındıran Türkiye, artık farklı kavramlarla anılmaya mı başlamıştır? Osmanlı mirası ve Kuzey Atlantik (NATO) üyesi olan ülke, sonunda amacına ulaşıp Avrupa Birliği (AB)'ne üyeliğini kabul ettirebilecek midir ya da buna gerçekten ihtiyacı var mıdır? Bir tarım ülkesi olarak kabul gören Türkiye, sanayi alanında da atak yapmış, Avrupa ve Amerika Birleşik Devleti (ABD)'nin son yıllarda sıkıntısını çektiği küresel krizden etkilenmemiş, aksine ekonomisinde büyüme kaydetmiştir. Hal böyle iken, jeopolitik açıdan stratejik öneme sahip olan bu ülkenin kendi kendine yetemediği hissi mi hakimdir?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38133139" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="59860236e3691e2b9682e19057815c7d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58163822,"asset_id":38133139,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58163822/download_file?st=MTczMjcyNjA5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6451168" href="https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek">İlknur Şimşek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6451168" type="text/json">{"id":6451168,"first_name":"İlknur","last_name":"Şimşek","domain_name":"culture-routes","page_name":"İlknurSimsek","display_name":"İlknur Şimşek","profile_url":"https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6451168/2605227/33143656/s65_i_lknur._im_ek.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38133139 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38133139"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38133139, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38133139", }); 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u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38133880 coauthored" data-work_id="38133880" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38133880/T%C3%BCrkiye_ve_D%C3%BCnyadan_Sosyal_Giri%C5%9Fimcilik_%C3%96rnekleri_ve_%C4%B0stihdama_Katk%C4%B1lar%C4%B1">Türkiye ve Dünya'dan Sosyal Girişimcilik Örnekleri ve İstihdama Katkıları</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Bu çalışmanın amacı günümüz dünyasının gelişen ve değişen sosyal yapısında devletlerin yanı sıra sivil toplum kuruluşlarının da önemli ölçüde bu gelişime ayak uydurmaya çalışmaları ve çoğu zaman bu değişimin liderliğini “sosyal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38133880" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Bu çalışmanın amacı günümüz dünyasının gelişen ve değişen sosyal yapısında devletlerin yanı sıra sivil toplum kuruluşlarının da önemli ölçüde bu gelişime ayak uydurmaya çalışmaları ve çoğu zaman bu değişimin liderliğini “sosyal girişimcilik” ile yaptıklarının boyutlarını örnekleriyle incelemektir. Bu çalışmada sosyal girişimciliğin; oluşan ekonomik, çevresel, sosyal ve siyasal sorunlarla devlet ve özel kuruluşların yanı sıra, girişimcilerin Türkiye’de ve dünyada başlattığı birkaç önemli atılımın istihdam üzerindeki etkisi üzerinde durulmuştur. Atılımların incelenmesiyle sosyal girişimcilik alanında başarılı bireylerin ve grupların oluşumunun artması hedeflenmektedir. Literatürde sadece sosyal girişimcilik ve istihdam arasındaki ilişkiyi ele alan pek fazla veriye ulaşılamamış, analiz sosyal girişimcilerin istihdamı arttırmak için uyguladıkları pasif ve aktif yöntemler ele alınarak yapılmıştır.  <br /> <br />Anahtar Kelimeler:  Girişimcilik, Sosyal Girişimcilik, İstihdam, Sosyal Sorumluluk.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38133880" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="37315c52a6de81e35fedc26144035308" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58164397,"asset_id":38133880,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58164397/download_file?st=MTczMjcyNjA5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6451168" href="https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek">İlknur Şimşek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6451168" type="text/json">{"id":6451168,"first_name":"İlknur","last_name":"Şimşek","domain_name":"culture-routes","page_name":"İlknurSimsek","display_name":"İlknur Şimşek","profile_url":"https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6451168/2605227/33143656/s65_i_lknur._im_ek.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-38133880">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-38133880"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://yalova.academia.edu/HACIYUNUSTA%C5%9E">HACI YUNUS TAŞ</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-38133880'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-38133880').html(); 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Bu çalışmada sosyal girişimciliğin; oluşan ekonomik, çevresel, sosyal ve siyasal sorunlarla devlet ve özel kuruluşların yanı sıra, girişimcilerin Türkiye’de ve dünyada başlattığı birkaç önemli atılımın istihdam üzerindeki etkisi üzerinde durulmuştur. Atılımların incelenmesiyle sosyal girişimcilik alanında başarılı bireylerin ve grupların oluşumunun artması hedeflenmektedir. Literatürde sadece sosyal girişimcilik ve istihdam arasındaki ilişkiyi ele alan pek fazla veriye ulaşılamamış, analiz sosyal girişimcilerin istihdamı arttırmak için uyguladıkları pasif ve aktif yöntemler ele alınarak yapılmıştır. \n \nAnahtar Kelimeler: Girişimcilik, Sosyal Girişimcilik, İstihdam, Sosyal Sorumluluk. 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class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38133949" data-work_id="38133949" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38133949/Finlandiya_%C4%B0ngiltere_ve_T%C3%BCrkiye_nin_Okul_%C3%96ncesine_Y%C3%B6nelik_Sosyal_Politika_Uygulamalar%C4%B1">Finlandiya, İngiltere ve Türkiye’nin Okul Öncesine Yönelik Sosyal Politika Uygulamaları</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Sosyal politika alanında yapılan reformlardan en fazla payı alanlardan biri de eğitim olmuştur. 19. yüzyıldan itibaren çocuk ve gençler gerek sosyal, gerekse ekonomik yönlerden dezavantajlı duruma düşmüşlerdir. Günümüzde sosyal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38133949" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Sosyal politika alanında yapılan reformlardan en fazla payı alanlardan biri de eğitim olmuştur. 19. yüzyıldan itibaren çocuk ve gençler gerek sosyal, gerekse ekonomik yönlerden dezavantajlı duruma düşmüşlerdir. Günümüzde sosyal politikanın alanı olarak kabul edilen çocuk bakımı ve eğitimi, zamanla devletlerin ilgisini çekmiş ve yapılan politikalarda okul öncesi yaşlar için yenilikler düzenlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; okul öncesine yönelik sosyal politikalar ve uygulamalar arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkların ortaya konulması ve somut önerilerin geliştirilmesidir. Bu bağlamda Avrupa Birliği’ne üye olan İngiltere, Finlandiya ve üyelik için müzakerelere devam eden Türkiye örnekleri incelenmiştir.  <br /> <br />Anahtar Kelimeler: Sosyal Politika, Okul Öncesi Eğitim, Türkiye, İngiltere, Finlandiya</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38133949" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c4593b8412f949655113fdecc29e3999" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58164486,"asset_id":38133949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58164486/download_file?st=MTczMjcyNjA5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6451168" href="https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek">İlknur Şimşek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6451168" type="text/json">{"id":6451168,"first_name":"İlknur","last_name":"Şimşek","domain_name":"culture-routes","page_name":"İlknurSimsek","display_name":"İlknur Şimşek","profile_url":"https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6451168/2605227/33143656/s65_i_lknur._im_ek.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38133949 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38133949"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38133949, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38133949", }); 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Günümüzde sosyal politikanın alanı olarak kabul edilen çocuk bakımı ve eğitimi, zamanla devletlerin ilgisini çekmiş ve yapılan politikalarda okul öncesi yaşlar için yenilikler düzenlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; okul öncesine yönelik sosyal politikalar ve uygulamalar arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkların ortaya konulması ve somut önerilerin geliştirilmesidir. Bu bağlamda Avrupa Birliği’ne üye olan İngiltere, Finlandiya ve üyelik için müzakerelere devam eden Türkiye örnekleri incelenmiştir. \r\n \r\nAnahtar Kelimeler: Sosyal Politika, Okul Öncesi Eğitim, Türkiye, İngiltere, Finlandiya \r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n ","publication":"International Journal of Social and Educational Sciences","publication_with_fallback":"International Journal of Social and Educational 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Öncesi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Okul_%C3%96ncesi"}],"publication_year":2018,"publication_year_with_fallback":2018,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":1287,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42078626" data-work_id="42078626" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42078626/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Sistemde_K%C3%BCresel_Y%C3%B6neti%C5%9Fim_ve_G20">Uluslararası Sistemde Küresel Yönetişim ve G20</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Bu çalışmada 1997 Asya Finans Krizi sonrası kurumsallaşan G20'nin küresel yönetişim sistemindeki gelişimi ve yeri analiz edilmektedir. Günümüzde G20'nin bürokratik bir yapıdan küresel zirveler düzenleyen bir karaktere evrilmesinin mantığı... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42078626" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Bu çalışmada 1997 Asya Finans Krizi sonrası kurumsallaşan G20'nin küresel yönetişim sistemindeki gelişimi ve yeri analiz edilmektedir. Günümüzde G20'nin bürokratik bir yapıdan küresel zirveler düzenleyen bir karaktere evrilmesinin mantığı küresel yönetişim bağlamında irdelenecektir. Bu bağlamda G20'yi içeriden statükoya meydan okuyacak bir platform olarak gören önemli yükselen güçler ile gelişmiş ülkelerin tepkileri de ele alınacaktır. Yöntem olarak, uluslararası sistemde küresel yönetişim tartışmalarına dair bir teorik çerçeve ortaya konacak, bu teorik çerçeve bağlamında küresel yönetişimin yüklerini paylaşmak ve katılımcı bir platform oluşturmak amacıyla G20'nin kurumsal faaliyet alanı ve politika gündemini genişletme çabaları masaya yatırılacaktır. Ardından, finansal istikrardan farklı alanlara yayılan G20 faaliyetlerinin kalıcı bir sekreterya ve kurumsal altyapı eksikliğinde yol açtığı performans ve meşruiyet tartışmalarına dikkat çekilecektir. 2008 Küresel Ekonomik Kriz sonrasında ABD, küresel yönetişim yapısını daha kalıcı bir şekilde değiştirmek istemiştir ve bu istek G20 grubunun kurumsal bir yapı olarak ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur tartışması bu çalışmaya temel oluşturmuştur.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42078626" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="66454bc4933524e213bbf5eb701368b2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62206773,"asset_id":42078626,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62206773/download_file?st=MTczMjcyNjA5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6451168" href="https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek">İlknur Şimşek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6451168" type="text/json">{"id":6451168,"first_name":"İlknur","last_name":"Şimşek","domain_name":"culture-routes","page_name":"İlknurSimsek","display_name":"İlknur Şimşek","profile_url":"https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6451168/2605227/33143656/s65_i_lknur._im_ek.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42078626 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42078626"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42078626, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42078626", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42078626]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42078626").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42078626").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42078626"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3660" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Governance">Global Governance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3660" type="text/json">{"id":3660,"name":"Global Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Governance","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73197" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/G20_-_G8_-_G7">G20 - G8 - G7</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73197" type="text/json">{"id":73197,"name":"G20 - G8 - G7","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/G20_-_G8_-_G7","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42078626]'), work: {"id":42078626,"title":"Uluslararası Sistemde Küresel Yönetişim ve G20","created_at":"2020-02-26T11:47:24.719-08:00","owner_id":6451168,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/42078626/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Sistemde_K%C3%BCresel_Y%C3%B6neti%C5%9Fim_ve_G20","slug":"Uluslararası_Sistemde_Küresel_Yönetişim_ve_G20","dom_id":"work_42078626","summary":"Bu çalışmada 1997 Asya Finans Krizi sonrası kurumsallaşan G20'nin küresel yönetişim sistemindeki gelişimi ve yeri analiz edilmektedir. Günümüzde G20'nin bürokratik bir yapıdan küresel zirveler düzenleyen bir karaktere evrilmesinin mantığı küresel yönetişim bağlamında irdelenecektir. Bu bağlamda G20'yi içeriden statükoya meydan okuyacak bir platform olarak gören önemli yükselen güçler ile gelişmiş ülkelerin tepkileri de ele alınacaktır. Yöntem olarak, uluslararası sistemde küresel yönetişim tartışmalarına dair bir teorik çerçeve ortaya konacak, bu teorik çerçeve bağlamında küresel yönetişimin yüklerini paylaşmak ve katılımcı bir platform oluşturmak amacıyla G20'nin kurumsal faaliyet alanı ve politika gündemini genişletme çabaları masaya yatırılacaktır. Ardından, finansal istikrardan farklı alanlara yayılan G20 faaliyetlerinin kalıcı bir sekreterya ve kurumsal altyapı eksikliğinde yol açtığı performans ve meşruiyet tartışmalarına dikkat çekilecektir. 2008 Küresel Ekonomik Kriz sonrasında ABD, küresel yönetişim yapısını daha kalıcı bir şekilde değiştirmek istemiştir ve bu istek G20 grubunun kurumsal bir yapı olarak ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur tartışması bu çalışmaya temel oluşturmuştur.","publication":"International Journal of Economic Studies","publication_with_fallback":"International Journal of Economic Studies","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62206773,"asset_id":42078626,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/62206773/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/62206773/Uluslararasi_Sistemde_Kuresel_Yonetisim_ve_G20_pdf20200226-40864-1i09ort-libre.pdf?1582746945=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUluslararasi_Sistemde_Kuresel_Yonetisim.pdf\u0026Expires=1732182289\u0026Signature=QD6aQq2W4OLFWnc6fS6QUIIOPUC7FWPEduWAk1cYhH-Ny1TZpenTwhti5ytXQL9Af4WxGqdBfZqKNcz-tEcR4suWdQRBX1LLlF6n-sCjMcNx4ypiu-dm6pUE-RS9CJuJFe6Ye64iiwNWDCEvD-Rl0o~oqepPmFvaTJNFFAyL-M64s9fTxRob6xxMwgQvyq2P5ycZ6MkWikRAoMn7AW6Qnd8KLj2g5T4yhn5CITYU6YB3twvFbreKS-uiICSjuvttC4HO-mKFPtTz1Idn2Jb9mxWao0A12zIe3hzWP6XItlL7QbH6zGa7Kw2C~C9soaVYBhs~WvI2ehITG6nEzcAinw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62206773/download_file?st=MTczMjcyNjA5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/62206773/mini_magick20200226-1153-1qv4dn9.png?1582748161"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":62206773,"asset_id":42078626,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/62206773/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/62206773/Uluslararasi_Sistemde_Kuresel_Yonetisim_ve_G20_pdf20200226-40864-1i09ort-libre.pdf?1582746945=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DUluslararasi_Sistemde_Kuresel_Yonetisim.pdf\u0026Expires=1732182289\u0026Signature=QD6aQq2W4OLFWnc6fS6QUIIOPUC7FWPEduWAk1cYhH-Ny1TZpenTwhti5ytXQL9Af4WxGqdBfZqKNcz-tEcR4suWdQRBX1LLlF6n-sCjMcNx4ypiu-dm6pUE-RS9CJuJFe6Ye64iiwNWDCEvD-Rl0o~oqepPmFvaTJNFFAyL-M64s9fTxRob6xxMwgQvyq2P5ycZ6MkWikRAoMn7AW6Qnd8KLj2g5T4yhn5CITYU6YB3twvFbreKS-uiICSjuvttC4HO-mKFPtTz1Idn2Jb9mxWao0A12zIe3hzWP6XItlL7QbH6zGa7Kw2C~C9soaVYBhs~WvI2ehITG6nEzcAinw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62206773/download_file?st=MTczMjcyNjA5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/62206773/mini_magick20200226-1153-1qv4dn9.png?1582748161"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":12,"ordered_authors":[{"id":6451168,"first_name":"İlknur","last_name":"Şimşek","domain_name":"culture-routes","page_name":"İlknurSimsek","display_name":"İlknur Şimşek","profile_url":"https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6451168/2605227/33143656/s65_i_lknur._im_ek.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy","nofollow":false},{"id":3660,"name":"Global Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Governance","nofollow":false},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy","nofollow":false},{"id":73197,"name":"G20 - G8 - G7","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/G20_-_G8_-_G7","nofollow":false},{"id":301092,"name":"International system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_system"}],"publication_year":2019,"publication_year_with_fallback":2019,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":105,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43038345" data-work_id="43038345" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43038345/Covid_19_Crisis_Between_US_China_and_the_WHO">Covid-19 Crisis Between US, China and the WHO</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">China has attracted the reaction of both the United States (US) and other countries as a result of its attitude towards Covid-19 pandemic, which infected more than 3 million people and killed more than 200,000 people as of beginning of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43038345" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">China has attracted the reaction of both the United States (US) and other countries as a result of its attitude towards Covid-19 pandemic, which infected more than 3 million people and killed more than 200,000 people as of beginning of May. And the reason is; China acts slowly to take necessary measures towards the disease, which occurs in the Wuhan region of China. The US President Donald Trump’s criticizing words of the Beijing administration irritated Chinese government. On the other hand, the US announced to cut down fundings towards the World Health Organisation (WHO) due to it’s not being able to carry out its duty effectively towards the pandemic and acting too soft towards China.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43038345" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d8fdd82ea3d1b7e741fa353e78a85769" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63298898,"asset_id":43038345,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63298898/download_file?st=MTczMjcyNjA5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6451168" href="https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek">İlknur Şimşek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6451168" type="text/json">{"id":6451168,"first_name":"İlknur","last_name":"Şimşek","domain_name":"culture-routes","page_name":"İlknurSimsek","display_name":"İlknur Şimşek","profile_url":"https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6451168/2605227/33143656/s65_i_lknur._im_ek.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43038345 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43038345"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43038345, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43038345", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43038345]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43038345").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43038345").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43038345"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3345" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations">International organizations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3345" type="text/json">{"id":3345,"name":"International organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20602" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies">China studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20602" type="text/json">{"id":20602,"name":"China studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36487" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/U.S._Foreign_Policy">U.S. Foreign Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="36487" type="text/json">{"id":36487,"name":"U.S. Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/U.S._Foreign_Policy","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="521881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Health_Organization">World Health Organization</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="521881" type="text/json">{"id":521881,"name":"World Health Organization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Health_Organization","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43038345]'), work: {"id":43038345,"title":"Covid-19 Crisis Between US, China and the WHO","created_at":"2020-05-13T10:46:39.126-07:00","owner_id":6451168,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/43038345/Covid_19_Crisis_Between_US_China_and_the_WHO","slug":"Covid_19_Crisis_Between_US_China_and_the_WHO","dom_id":"work_43038345","summary":"China has attracted the reaction of both the United States (US) and other countries as a result of its attitude towards Covid-19 pandemic, which infected more than 3 million people and killed more than 200,000 people as of beginning of May. 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Şimşek","profile_url":"https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6451168/2605227/33143656/s65_i_lknur._im_ek.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3345,"name":"International organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations","nofollow":false},{"id":20602,"name":"China studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies","nofollow":false},{"id":36487,"name":"U.S. Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/U.S._Foreign_Policy","nofollow":false},{"id":521881,"name":"World Health Organization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Health_Organization","nofollow":false},{"id":3567366,"name":"Coronavirus COVID-19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_COVID-19"},{"id":3594697,"name":"COVID-19 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Çin, gerek Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD)’nin gerekse diğer ülkelerin tepkisini... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43038430" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mayıs başı itibariyle 3 milyonu aşkın kişiyi enfekte eden ve 200 bini aşkın kişinin ölümüne neden olan Kovid-19 salgını karşısında izlediği tavırdan dolayı Çin, gerek Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD)’nin gerekse diğer ülkelerin tepkisini çekmiştir. Neden olarak; hastalığın Çin’in Vuhan bölgesinde ortaya çıkması ve Çin’in gerekli tedbirleri alma yönünde yavaş davranması gösterilmektedir. ABD Başkanı Donald Trump’ın Pekin yönetimini eleştiren ağır sözleri Çin hükümeti tarafından öfke ile karşılanmıştır. Öte yandan ABD, salgının yayılmasında üzerine düşen görevi etkin bir şekilde yürütemediğini iddia ettiği Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ)’nün Çin’e karşı fazla yumuşak davrandığını ve bundan dolayı yapılan maddi katkıların askıya alınacağını duyurmuştur.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43038430" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0f855987bed1d6b31babfd6ad11abe93" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63298958,"asset_id":43038430,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63298958/download_file?st=MTczMjcyNjA5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6451168" href="https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek">İlknur Şimşek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6451168" type="text/json">{"id":6451168,"first_name":"İlknur","last_name":"Şimşek","domain_name":"culture-routes","page_name":"İlknurSimsek","display_name":"İlknur Şimşek","profile_url":"https://culture-routes.academia.edu/%C4%B0lknurSimsek","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6451168/2605227/33143656/s65_i_lknur._im_ek.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43038430 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43038430"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43038430, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43038430", }); 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This article explores the situation in Finland, a progressive and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20358360" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Several studies conducted in Western democracies have indicated that men continue to be overrepresented<br />and women underrepresented as experts in the media. This article explores the situation in Finland, a<br />progressive and ‘female-friendly’ Nordic country with highly educated women who are widely present in the<br />job market. The analysis is based on three sets of research data featuring a wide set of media data, a survey<br />and interviews. This study reveals that public expertise continues to be male dominated in Finland: less than<br />30% of the experts interviewed in the news media are women. While the distribution of work and power<br />in the labour market may explain some of the observed gender gap, journalistic practices and a masculine<br />tradition of public expertise are likely to play a role as well.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20358360" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fba8de0225226ed250228fb2bf7df6f3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41310984,"asset_id":20358360,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41310984/download_file?st=MTczMjcyNjA5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38476929" href="https://utu.academia.edu/MariNiemi">Mari K Niemi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38476929" type="text/json">{"id":38476929,"first_name":"Mari","last_name":"Niemi","domain_name":"utu","page_name":"MariNiemi","display_name":"Mari K Niemi","profile_url":"https://utu.academia.edu/MariNiemi","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38476929/11282965/18261674/s65_mari.niemi.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-20358360">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-20358360"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://utu.academia.edu/VillePitk%C3%A4nen">Ville Pitkänen</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-20358360'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-20358360').html(); 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Effects of the Eurovision Debate on young citizens and its consequence for EU democracy – evidence from a quasi-experiment in 24 countries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/87953111" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7d5ca790f8d4099449e7af2a3c0017c4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":92036885,"asset_id":87953111,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92036885/download_file?st=MTczMjcyNjA5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41837201" href="https://utu.academia.edu/VillePitk%C3%A4nen">Ville Pitkänen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41837201" type="text/json">{"id":41837201,"first_name":"Ville","last_name":"Pitkänen","domain_name":"utu","page_name":"VillePitkänen","display_name":"Ville Pitkänen","profile_url":"https://utu.academia.edu/VillePitk%C3%A4nen","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_87953111 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="87953111"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 87953111, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_87953111", }); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/87953112/Asiasis%C3%A4lt%C3%B6jen_raportoinnista_esiintymisanalyyseihin">Asiasisältöjen raportoinnista esiintymisanalyyseihin</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Artikkelissa eritellään ja analysoidaan sitä, miten sanomalehdet ovat kirjoittaneet television vaaliohjelmista 1960-luvulta 1980-luvulle. Analysoitavana ovat Aamulehden, Helsingin Sanomien, Ilta-Sanomien ja Iltalehden kirjoitukset... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_87953112" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Artikkelissa eritellään ja analysoidaan sitä, miten sanomalehdet ovat kirjoittaneet television vaaliohjelmista 1960-luvulta 1980-luvulle. Analysoitavana ovat Aamulehden, Helsingin Sanomien, Ilta-Sanomien ja Iltalehden kirjoitukset eduskunta- ja presidentinvaaleissa. Aineistosta löytyy selviä eroja eri vuosikymmenten väliltä. 1960- ja 1970-luvuilla vaaliohjelmia käsittelevissä kirjoituksissa vaaliohjelmissa kiinnostaa niiden poliittinen asiasisältö. Poliitikkojen esiintymistyyli ei ole kiinnostuksen aiheena. 1980-luvulle tultaessa sanomalehdet nostavat television uudella tavalla vaalikampanjoinnin keskiöön. Televisiossa tapahtuvalle politiikalle annetaan suuri painoarvo ja vaaliohjelmista rakentuu julkisuudessa merkittäviä mediatapahtumia. 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