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The report identifies key challenges and opportunities within the industry and provides predictions on future lithium supply, segmented by source type, in response to the growing demand for lithium."> <meta property="og:type" content="book" > <meta property="og:title" content="Direct Lithium Extraction 2025-2035: Technologies, Players, Markets and Forecasts" > <meta property="og:description" content="This report offers critical market intelligence on technologies that can directly extract and recover lithium from brines. It includes a detailed analysis of sector players and activities, comparing costs and sustainability profiles of both established and emerging mining practices. The report identifies key challenges and opportunities within the industry and provides predictions on future lithium supply, segmented by source type, in response to the growing demand for lithium."> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.idtechex.com/en/research-report/direct-lithium-extraction-2025-2035-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/1026"> <meta property="og:image" content="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/D6/9A.png?w=1066&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces,entropy&q=50&fm=pjpg" > <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-08-13"> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/IDTechExResearch/"> <meta property="book:author" content="https://www.idtechex.com/en/team/dr-jiayi-cen/3097"> <meta property="book:isbn" content="9781835700549"> <meta property="book:released_date" content="2024-08-13"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="IDTechEx"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1905389916393394"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@idtechex"> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@idtechex"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Direct Lithium Extraction 2025-2035: Technologies, Players, Markets and Forecasts: IDTechEx"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="This report offers critical market intelligence on technologies that can directly extract and recover lithium from brines. It includes a detailed analysis of sector players and activities, comparing costs and sustainability profiles of both established and emerging mining practices. 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href="/en/research-report/emi-shielding-for-electronics-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-applications/961" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">EMI Shielding for Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fire-protection-materials-for-ev-batteries-2024-2034-markets-trends-and-forecasts/988" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Fire Protection Materials for EV Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/gas-separation-membranes-2023-2033/940" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Gas Separation Membranes</a> <a href="/en/research-report/graphene-market-and-2d-materials-assessment-2024-2034-technologies-markets-players/967" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Graphene Market & 2D Materials Assessment</a> <a 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href="/en/research-report/materials-for-pem-fuel-cells-2024-2034-technologies-markets-players/987" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materials for PEM Fuel Cells</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-informatics-2024-2034-markets-strategies-players/990" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials Informatics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/metal-organic-frameworks-mofs-2024-2034-market-technology-and-players/1004" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)</a> <a href="/en/reports/advanced-materials-and-critical-minerals/77" class="colour- colour-webtopic77 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-bottom-left list-group-item-action btn-sm"></a> </div> </div> <div class="col px-0" style="margin-left:2px; margin-right:2px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a 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Energy Storage</a> <a href="/en/research/energy-market-intelligence-subscription" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Subscription</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Energy Research Subscription</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/advanced-li-ion-battery-technologies-2024-2034-technologies-players-forecasts/1002" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Advanced Li-ion Battery Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-driven-battery-technology-2025-2035-technology-innovation-and-opportunities/1049" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">AI-Driven Battery Technology</a> <a href="/en/research-report/batteries-for-stationary-energy-storage-2025-2035-markets-forecasts-players-and-technologies/1021" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage</a> <a href="/en/research-report/battery-markets-in-construction-agriculture-and-mining-machines-2024-2034/1008" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Battery Markets in Construction, Agriculture & Mining Machines</a> <a href="/en/research-report/direct-lithium-extraction-2025-2035-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/1026" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Direct Lithium Extraction</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fire-protection-materials-for-ev-batteries-2024-2034-markets-trends-and-forecasts/988" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Fire Protection Materials for EV Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-batteries-market-2025-2035-technologies-forecasts-and-players/1018" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Flexible Batteries Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/li-ion-batteries-and-battery-management-systems-for-electric-vehicles-2024-2034/957" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Li-ion Batteries and Battery Management Systems for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/li-ion-battery-market-2025-2035-technologies-players-applications-outlooks-and-forecasts/1027" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Li-ion Battery Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/li-ion-battery-recycling-market-2023-2043/939" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Li-ion Battery Recycling Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/long-duration-energy-storage-market-2024-2044-technologies-players-forecasts/983" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Long Duration Energy Storage Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/redox-flow-batteries-market-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets/963" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Redox Flow Batteries Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/scenario-forecasting-spreadsheet-materials-for-electric-vehicle-battery-cells-and-packs/803" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Scenario Forecasting Spreadsheet</a> <a href="/en/research-report/second-life-electric-vehicle-batteries-2023-2033/924" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Second-life Electric Vehicle Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/silicon-anode-battery-technologies-and-markets-2025-2035-players-technologies-applications-markets-forecasts/1052" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Silicon Anode Battery Technologies and Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sodium-ion-batteries-2024-2034-technology-players-markets-and-forecasts/978" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sodium-ion Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/solid-state-and-polymer-batteries-2023-2033-technology-forecasts-players/917" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Solid-State and Polymer Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-energy-storage-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/1001" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Energy Storage</a> <a href="/en/reports/batteries-and-energy-storage/8" class="colour- colour-webtopic8 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic2_menu"> <div class="col px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-top-left list-group-item-action btn-sm">Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research/future-mobility-subscription" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Subscription</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Future Mobility Subscription</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-vehicles-land-sea-and-air-2024-2044/962" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Overview Report</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Electric Vehicles</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-car-sales-models-and-technologies-database/824" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Data & Tools</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Electric Car Sales, Models & Technologies Database</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/air-taxis-electric-vertical-take-off-and-landing-evtol-aircraft-2024-2044-technologies-players/998" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Air Taxis</a> <a href="/en/research-report/autonomous-trucks-2024-2044-technologies-trends-forecasts/1016" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Autonomous Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/autonomous-vehicles-market-2025-2045-robotaxis-autonomous-cars-sensors/1045" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Autonomous Vehicles Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/battery-electric-and-hydrogen-fuel-cell-trains-2023-2043/930" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Battery Electric & Hydrogen Fuel Cell Trains</a> <a href="/en/research-report/battery-markets-in-construction-agriculture-and-mining-machines-2024-2034/1008" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Battery Markets in Construction, Agriculture & Mining Machines</a> <a href="/en/research-report/battery-swapping-for-electric-vehicles-2022-2032-technology-players-and-forecasts/868" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Battery Swapping for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/charging-infrastructure-for-electric-vehicles-and-fleets-2025-2035-markets-technologies-and-forecasts/1035" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles and Fleets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/copper-demand-for-cars-2024-2034-trends-utilization-forecasts/973" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Copper Demand for Cars</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-and-fuel-cell-buses-2025-2045-markets-players-technologies-and-forecasts/1012" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric and Fuel Cell Buses</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-and-fuel-cell-trucks-2024-2044-markets-technologies-and-forecasts/971" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electric and Fuel Cell Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-boats-and-ships-2024-2044/948" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric Boats & Ships</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-light-commercial-vehicles-2025-2045-markets-players-forecasts/1048" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electric Light Commercial Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-motors-for-electric-vehicles-2025-2035-technologies-materials-markets-and-forecasts/1031" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-vehicles-in-construction-2024-2044-technologies-players-forecasts/1022" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electric Vehicles in Construction</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-vehicles-in-india-2021-2041/793" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric Vehicles in India</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-vehicles-in-mining-2024-2044-technologies-players-and-forecasts/994" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electric Vehicles in Mining</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-hybrid-and-fuel-cell-light-commercial-vehicles-2021-2041/783" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric, Hybrid & Fuel Cell Light Commercial Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-bottom-left list-group-item-action btn-sm"></a> </div> </div> <div class="col px-0" style="margin-left:2px; margin-right:2px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-top-right list-group-item-action btn-sm"></a> <a href="/en/research-report/fire-protection-materials-for-ev-batteries-2024-2034-markets-trends-and-forecasts/988" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Fire Protection Materials for EV Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fuel-cell-boats-and-ships-2023-2033-pemfc-sofc-hydrogen-ammonia-lng/907" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Fuel Cell Boats & Ships</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fuel-cell-electric-vehicles-2024-2044-markets-technologies-and-forecasts/977" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/future-automotive-technologies-2024-2034-applications-megatrends-forecasts/979" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Future Automotive Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/heads-up-displays-2024-2034-technologies-players-opportunities/991" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Heads-up Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/high-voltage-hybrid-cars-buses-and-trucks-2021-2041/788" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">High Voltage Hybrid Cars, Buses and Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/li-ion-batteries-and-battery-management-systems-for-electric-vehicles-2024-2034/957" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Li-ion Batteries and Battery Management Systems for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/li-ion-battery-market-2025-2035-technologies-players-applications-outlooks-and-forecasts/1027" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Li-ion Battery Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-electric-vehicle-battery-cells-and-packs-2023-2033/936" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials for Electric Vehicle Battery Cells and Packs</a> <a href="/en/research-report/micro-evs-2023-2043-electric-two-wheelers-three-wheelers-and-microcars/915" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Micro EVs</a> <a href="/en/research-report/off-grid-charging-for-electric-vehicles-2024-2034-technologies-benchmarking-players-and-forecasts/997" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Off-Grid Charging For Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/plug-in-hybrid-and-battery-electric-cars-2025-2045-technologies-players-regulations-market-forecasts/1043" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Plug-in Hybrid and Battery Electric Cars</a> <a href="/en/research-report/power-electronics-for-electric-vehicles-2025-2035-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/1014" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Power Electronics for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/roboshuttles-and-autonomous-buses-2024-2044-technologies-trends-forecasts/1020" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Roboshuttles and Autonomous Buses</a> <a href="/en/research-report/scenario-forecasting-spreadsheet-materials-for-electric-vehicle-battery-cells-and-packs/803" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Scenario Forecasting Spreadsheet</a> <a href="/en/research-report/semiconductors-for-autonomous-and-electric-vehicles-2023-2033/921" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Semiconductors for Autonomous and Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/silicon-anode-battery-technologies-and-markets-2025-2035-players-technologies-applications-markets-forecasts/1052" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Silicon Anode Battery Technologies and Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-future-aviation-2025-2045-trends-technologies-forecasts/1033" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sustainable Future Aviation</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-interface-materials-2024-2034-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/1011" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Interface Materials</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-electric-vehicles-2025-2035-materials-markets-and-technologies/1015" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-ev-power-electronics-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets-and-trends/1000" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for EV Power Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/wireless-charging-market-for-electric-vehicles-2023-2033-technology-players-and-forecasts/896" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Wireless Charging Market for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-bottom-right list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic115_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/energy-and-decarbonization/115" class="colour- colour-webtopic115 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Energy & Decarbonization</a> <a href="/en/research/energy-market-intelligence-subscription" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Subscription</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Energy Research Subscription</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/blue-hydrogen-production-and-markets-2023-2033-technologies-forecasts-players/922" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Blue Hydrogen Production and Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-capture-utilization-and-storage-ccus-markets-2025-2045-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1017" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-dioxide-removal-cdr-2024-2044-technologies-players-carbon-credit-markets-and-forecasts/1007" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-dioxide-utilization-2025-2045-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1028" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carbon Dioxide Utilization</a> <a href="/en/research-report/decarbonization-of-cement-2025-2035-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1050" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Decarbonization of Cement</a> <a href="/en/research-report/green-hydrogen-production-and-electrolyzer-market-2024-2034-technologies-players-forecasts/992" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Green Hydrogen Production & Electrolyzer Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/hydrogen-economy-2023-2033-production-storage-distribution-and-applications/946" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Hydrogen Economy</a> <a href="/en/research-report/hydrogen-internal-combustion-engines-2025-2045-applications-technologies-market-status-and-forecasts/1030" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-green-hydrogen-production-2024-2034-technologies-players-forecasts/970" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materials for Green Hydrogen Production</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-pem-fuel-cells-2024-2034-technologies-markets-players/987" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials for PEM Fuel Cells</a> <a href="/en/research-report/nuclear-small-modular-reactors-smrs-2023-2043/934" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Nuclear Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/perovskite-photovoltaics-2023-2033/872" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Perovskite Photovoltaics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/stationary-fuel-cell-markets-2025-2035-technologies-players-and-forecasts/1037" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Stationary Fuel Cell Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-biofuels-and-e-fuels-market-2025-2035-technologies-players-forecasts/1039" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sustainable Biofuels & E-Fuels Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-energy-storage-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/1001" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Energy Storage</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thin-film-and-flexible-photovoltaics-2023-2033/885" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thin Film & Flexible Photovoltaics</a> <a href="/en/reports/energy-and-decarbonization/115" class="colour- colour-webtopic115 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic118_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/food-and-agtech/118" class="colour- colour-webtopic118 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Food & AgTech</a> <a href="/en/research-report/agricultural-robots-and-drones-2022-2032-technologies-markets-and-players/837" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Agricultural Robots and Drones</a> <a href="/en/research-report/biostimulants-and-biopesticides-2021-2031-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/773" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Biostimulants and Biopesticides</a> <a href="/en/research-report/cultured-meat-2023-2043/913" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Cultured Meat</a> <a href="/en/research-report/genetic-engineering-in-agriculture-2021-2031/750" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Genetic Engineering in Agriculture</a> <a href="/en/research-report/pfas-treatment-2025-2035-technologies-regulations-players-applications/1040" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">PFAS Treatment</a> <a href="/en/research-report/plant-based-meat-2021-2031/823" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Plant-Based Meat</a> <a href="/en/research-report/vertical-farming-2022-2032/871" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Vertical Farming</a> <a href="/en/reports/food-and-agtech/118" class="colour- colour-webtopic118 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic110_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/healthcare/110" class="colour- colour-webtopic110 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Healthcare</a> <a href="/en/research-report/advanced-wound-care-technologies-2020-2030/682" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Advanced Wound Care Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-in-drug-discovery-2021-players-technologies-and-applications/818" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">AI in Drug Discovery 2021</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-in-medical-diagnostics-2020-2030-image-recognition-players-clinical-applications-forecasts/766" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">AI in Medical Diagnostics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/antiviral-and-antimicrobial-technology-market-2023-2033/942" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Antiviral and Antimicrobial Technology Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/biosensors-for-point-of-care-diagnostics-2022-2032-technology-opportunities-players-and-forecasts/863" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Biosensors for Point-of-Care Diagnostics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/diabetes-management-technologies-2022-2032-markets-players-and-forecasts/862" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Diabetes Management Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/digital-health-and-artificial-intelligence-2024-2034-trends-opportunities-and-outlook/985" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence</a> <a href="/en/research-report/dna-sequencing-2023-2033-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/887" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">DNA Sequencing</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electronic-skin-patches-2023-2033/900" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electronic Skin Patches</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-electronics-in-healthcare-2020-2030/731" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Flexible Electronics in Healthcare</a> <a href="/en/research-report/remote-patient-monitoring-2023-2033-technologies-markets-and-opportunities/890" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Remote Patient Monitoring</a> <a href="/en/research-report/skin-sensors-2020-2030-technologies-markets-players-forecasts/752" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Skin Sensors</a> <a href="/en/reports/healthcare/110" class="colour- colour-webtopic110 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic124_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/hydrogen/124" class="colour- colour-webtopic124 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Hydrogen</a> <a href="/en/research-report/battery-electric-and-hydrogen-fuel-cell-trains-2023-2043/930" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Battery Electric & Hydrogen Fuel Cell Trains</a> <a href="/en/research-report/blue-hydrogen-production-and-markets-2023-2033-technologies-forecasts-players/922" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Blue Hydrogen Production and Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-and-fuel-cell-trucks-2024-2044-markets-technologies-and-forecasts/971" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric and Fuel Cell Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fuel-cell-electric-vehicles-2024-2044-markets-technologies-and-forecasts/977" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/green-hydrogen-production-and-electrolyzer-market-2024-2034-technologies-players-forecasts/992" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Green Hydrogen Production & Electrolyzer Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/hydrogen-economy-2023-2033-production-storage-distribution-and-applications/946" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Hydrogen Economy</a> <a href="/en/research-report/hydrogen-internal-combustion-engines-2025-2045-applications-technologies-market-status-and-forecasts/1030" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines</a> <a href="/en/research-report/long-duration-energy-storage-market-2024-2044-technologies-players-forecasts/983" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Long Duration Energy Storage Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-green-hydrogen-production-2024-2034-technologies-players-forecasts/970" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materials for Green Hydrogen Production</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-pem-fuel-cells-2024-2034-technologies-markets-players/987" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials for PEM Fuel Cells</a> <a href="/en/research-report/off-grid-charging-for-electric-vehicles-2024-2034-technologies-benchmarking-players-and-forecasts/997" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Off-Grid Charging For Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/per-and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas-2024-emerging-applications-alternatives-regulations/999" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) 2024</a> <a href="/en/research-report/stationary-fuel-cell-markets-2025-2035-technologies-players-and-forecasts/1037" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Stationary Fuel Cell Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-future-aviation-2025-2045-trends-technologies-forecasts/1033" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sustainable Future Aviation</a> <a href="/en/reports/hydrogen/124" class="colour- colour-webtopic124 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic116_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/photonics/116" class="colour- colour-webtopic116 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Photonics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/advanced-semiconductor-packaging-2025-2035-forecasts-technologies-applications/1042" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Advanced Semiconductor Packaging</a> <a href="/en/research-report/automotive-displays-2024-2034-technologies-players-opportunities/958" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Automotive Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/heads-up-displays-2024-2034-technologies-players-opportunities/991" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Heads-up Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/lidar-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/995" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Lidar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/metamaterials-markets-2024-2034-optical-and-radio-frequency/1010" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Metamaterials Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/micro-led-displays-2024-2034-technology-commercialization-opportunity-market-and-players/968" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Micro-LED Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/silicon-photonics-and-photonic-integrated-circuits-2024-2034-market-technologies-and-forecasts/1006" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Silicon Photonics and Photonic Integrated Circuits</a> <a href="/en/reports/photonics/116" class="colour- colour-webtopic116 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic1_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/printed-and-flexible-electronics/1" class="colour- colour-webtopic1 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Printed & Flexible Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-and-printed-electronics-2023-2033-forecasts-technologies-markets/943" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Overview Report</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Flexible & Printed Electronics</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/3d-electronics-additive-electronics-2024-2034-technologies-players-and-markets/1003" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">3D Electronics/Additive Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/conductive-inks-market-2024-2034-technologies-applications-players/1013" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Conductive Inks Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electronic-skin-patches-2023-2033/900" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electronic Skin Patches</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-batteries-market-2025-2035-technologies-forecasts-and-players/1018" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Flexible Batteries Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-electronics-in-healthcare-2020-2030/731" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Flexible Electronics in Healthcare</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-hybrid-electronics-2024-2034/950" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Flexible Hybrid Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/in-mold-electronics-2023-2033/919" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">In-Mold Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/manufacturing-printed-electronics-2023-2033/916" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Manufacturing Printed Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-printed-flexible-electronics-2021-2031-technologies-applications-market-forecasts/785" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials for Printed/Flexible Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/printed-and-flexible-electronics-for-automotive-applications-2021-2031-technologies-and-markets/806" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Printed and Flexible Electronics for Automotive Applications</a> <a href="/en/research-report/printed-and-flexible-sensors-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets/993" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Printed and Flexible Sensors</a> <a href="/en/research-report/smart-packaging-2023-2033/931" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Smart Packaging</a> <a href="/en/research-report/stretchable-and-conformal-electronics-2019-2029/636" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Stretchable and Conformal Electronics</a> <a href="/en/reports/printed-and-flexible-electronics/1" class="colour- colour-webtopic1 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic122_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/quantum-technologies/122" class="colour- colour-webtopic122 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Quantum Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-communication-market-2024-2034-technology-trends-players-forecasts/984" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Communication Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-computing-market-2024-2044-technology-trends-players-forecasts/996" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Computing Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-sensors-market-2024-2044/951" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Sensors Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-technology-market-2024-2034-trends-players-forecasts/1005" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Technology Market</a> <a href="/en/reports/quantum-technologies/122" class="colour- colour-webtopic122 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic99_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/robotics-and-autonomy/99" class="colour- colour-webtopic99 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Robotics & Autonomy</a> <a href="/en/research-report/agricultural-robots-and-drones-2022-2032-technologies-markets-and-players/837" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Agricultural Robots and Drones</a> <a href="/en/research-report/automotive-radar-2024-2044-forecasts-technologies-applications/966" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Automotive Radar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/autonomous-trucks-2024-2044-technologies-trends-forecasts/1016" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Autonomous Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/autonomous-vehicles-market-2025-2045-robotaxis-autonomous-cars-sensors/1045" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Autonomous Vehicles Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/collaborative-robots-2025-2045-technologies-players-and-markets/1046" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Collaborative Robots</a> <a href="/en/research-report/drone-market-and-industries-2021-2041/787" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Drone Market and Industries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/future-automotive-technologies-2024-2034-applications-megatrends-forecasts/979" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Future Automotive Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/infrared-ir-cameras-for-automotive-2025-2035-technologies-opportunities-forecasts/1029" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Infrared (IR) Cameras for Automotive</a> <a href="/en/research-report/lidar-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/995" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Lidar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/mobile-robotics-in-logistics-warehousing-and-delivery-2024-2044/960" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mobile Robotics in Logistics, Warehousing and Delivery</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-communication-market-2024-2034-technology-trends-players-forecasts/984" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Communication Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/roboshuttles-and-autonomous-buses-2024-2044-technologies-trends-forecasts/1020" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Roboshuttles and Autonomous Buses</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sensors-for-robotics-2023-2043-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/908" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sensors for Robotics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/service-robots-2022-2032-technologies-players-and-markets/864" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Service Robots</a> <a href="/en/research-report/software-defined-vehicles-connected-cars-and-ai-in-cars-2024-2034-markets-trends-and-forecasts/974" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Software-Defined Vehicles, Connected Cars, and AI in Cars</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-advanced-driver-assistance-systems-adas-2023-2033/875" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS)</a> <a href="/en/reports/robotics-and-autonomy/99" class="colour- colour-webtopic99 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic121_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/semiconductors-computing-and-ai/121" class="colour- colour-webtopic121 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Semiconductors, Computing & AI</a> <a href="/en/research-report/advanced-semiconductor-packaging-2025-2035-forecasts-technologies-applications/1042" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Advanced Semiconductor Packaging</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-chips-2023-2033/937" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">AI Chips</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-chips-for-edge-applications-2024-2034-artificial-intelligence-at-the-edge/956" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">AI Chips for Edge Applications</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-in-drug-discovery-2021-players-technologies-and-applications/818" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">AI in Drug Discovery 2021</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-in-medical-diagnostics-2020-2030-image-recognition-players-clinical-applications-forecasts/766" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">AI in Medical Diagnostics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/antenna-in-package-aip-for-5g-and-6g-2024-2034-technologies-trends-markets/989" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Antenna in Package (AiP) for 5G and 6G</a> <a href="/en/research-report/automotive-radar-2024-2044-forecasts-technologies-applications/966" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Automotive Radar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/chiplet-technology-2025-2035-technology-opportunities-applications/1041" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Chiplet Technology</a> <a href="/en/research-report/co-packaged-optics-cpo-2025-2035-technologies-market-and-forecasts/1019" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Co-Packaged Optics (CPO)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electrically-conductive-adhesives-2022-2032-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/830" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electrically Conductive Adhesives</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-hybrid-electronics-2024-2034/950" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Flexible Hybrid Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-and-processing-for-advanced-semiconductor-packaging-2025-2035-technologies-players-forecasts/1044" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials and Processing for Advanced Semiconductor Packaging</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-informatics-2024-2034-markets-strategies-players/990" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materials Informatics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-communication-market-2024-2034-technology-trends-players-forecasts/984" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Communication Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-computing-market-2024-2044-technology-trends-players-forecasts/996" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Computing Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-technology-market-2024-2034-trends-players-forecasts/1005" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Technology Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/semiconductors-for-autonomous-and-electric-vehicles-2023-2033/921" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Semiconductors for Autonomous and Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/silicon-photonics-and-photonic-integrated-circuits-2024-2034-market-technologies-and-forecasts/1006" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Silicon Photonics and Photonic Integrated Circuits</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-5g-2022-2032/857" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for 5G</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-data-centers-2025-2035-technologies-markets-and-opportunities/1036" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Data Centers</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-ev-power-electronics-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets-and-trends/1000" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for EV Power Electronics</a> <a href="/en/reports/semiconductors-computing-and-ai/121" class="colour- colour-webtopic121 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic95_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/sensors-haptics-and-displays/95" class="colour- colour-webtopic95 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Sensors, Haptics & Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/automotive-radar-2024-2044-forecasts-technologies-applications/966" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Automotive Radar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/brain-computer-interfaces-2025-2045-technologies-players-forecasts/1024" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Brain Computer Interfaces</a> <a href="/en/research-report/displays-for-virtual-augmented-and-mixed-reality-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets/955" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Displays for Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality</a> <a href="/en/research-report/emerging-image-sensor-technologies-2024-2034-applications-and-markets/965" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Emerging Image Sensor Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/environmental-gas-sensor-market-2024-2034-technology-trends-forecasts-players/964" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Environmental Gas Sensor Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/haptics-2025-2035-technologies-markets-players/1034" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Haptics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/heads-up-displays-2024-2034-technologies-players-opportunities/991" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Heads-up Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/in-cabin-sensing-2024-2034-technologies-opportunities-and-markets/972" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">In-Cabin Sensing</a> <a href="/en/research-report/infrared-ir-cameras-for-automotive-2025-2035-technologies-opportunities-forecasts/1029" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Infrared (IR) Cameras for Automotive</a> <a href="/en/research-report/lidar-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/995" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Lidar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/micro-led-displays-2024-2034-technology-commercialization-opportunity-market-and-players/968" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Micro-LED Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/printed-and-flexible-sensors-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets/993" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Printed and Flexible Sensors</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-sensors-market-2024-2044/951" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Sensors Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-technology-market-2024-2034-trends-players-forecasts/1005" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Technology Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sensor-market-2025-2035-technologies-trends-players-forecasts/1038" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sensor Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sensors-for-robotics-2023-2043-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/908" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sensors for Robotics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/skin-sensors-2020-2030-technologies-markets-players-forecasts/752" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Skin Sensors</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-advanced-driver-assistance-systems-adas-2023-2033/875" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/wearable-sensors-market-2025-2035-technologies-trends-players-forecasts/1051" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Wearable Sensors Market</a> <a href="/en/reports/sensors-haptics-and-displays/95" class="colour- colour-webtopic95 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic120_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/sustainability/120" class="colour- colour-webtopic120 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Sustainability</a> <a href="/en/research-report/bioplastics-2025-2035-technology-market-players-and-forecasts/1032" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Bioplastics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-capture-utilization-and-storage-ccus-markets-2025-2045-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1017" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-dioxide-removal-cdr-2024-2044-technologies-players-carbon-credit-markets-and-forecasts/1007" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-dioxide-utilization-2025-2045-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1028" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carbon Dioxide Utilization</a> <a href="/en/research-report/chemical-recycling-and-dissolution-of-plastics-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-forecasts/1009" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Chemical Recycling and Dissolution of Plastics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/cultured-meat-2023-2043/913" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Cultured Meat</a> <a href="/en/research-report/decarbonization-of-cement-2025-2035-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1050" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Decarbonization of Cement</a> <a href="/en/research-report/emerging-alternative-leathers-2024-2034-technologies-trends-players/980" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Emerging Alternative Leathers</a> <a href="/en/research-report/per-and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas-2024-emerging-applications-alternatives-regulations/999" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) 2024</a> <a href="/en/research-report/pfas-treatment-2025-2035-technologies-regulations-players-applications/1040" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">PFAS Treatment</a> <a href="/en/research-report/second-life-electric-vehicle-batteries-2023-2033/924" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Second-life Electric Vehicle Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-biofuels-and-e-fuels-market-2025-2035-technologies-players-forecasts/1039" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sustainable Biofuels & E-Fuels Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-electronics-manufacturing-2023-2033/902" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sustainable Electronics Manufacturing</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-packaging-market-2023-2033/929" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sustainable Packaging Market</a> <a href="/en/reports/sustainability/120" class="colour- colour-webtopic120 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic123_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/thermal-management/123" class="colour- colour-webtopic123 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Thermal Management</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fire-protection-materials-for-ev-batteries-2024-2034-markets-trends-and-forecasts/988" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Fire Protection Materials for EV Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-interface-materials-2024-2034-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/1011" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Interface Materials</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-5g-2022-2032/857" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for 5G</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-advanced-driver-assistance-systems-adas-2023-2033/875" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-data-centers-2025-2035-technologies-markets-and-opportunities/1036" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for Data Centers</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-electric-vehicles-2025-2035-materials-markets-and-technologies/1015" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-ev-power-electronics-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets-and-trends/1000" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for EV Power Electronics</a> <a href="/en/reports/thermal-management/123" class="colour- colour-webtopic123 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic52_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/wearable-technology/52" class="colour- colour-webtopic52 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Wearable Technology</a> <a href="/en/research-report/wearable-technology-forecasts-2023-2033/928" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Overview Report</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Wearable Technology Forecasts</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/advanced-wound-care-technologies-2020-2030/682" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Advanced Wound Care Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/brain-computer-interfaces-2025-2045-technologies-players-forecasts/1024" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Brain Computer Interfaces</a> <a href="/en/research-report/digital-health-and-artificial-intelligence-2024-2034-trends-opportunities-and-outlook/985" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence</a> <a href="/en/research-report/displays-for-virtual-augmented-and-mixed-reality-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets/955" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Displays for Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality</a> <a href="/en/research-report/e-textiles-and-smart-clothing-markets-2023-2033-technologies-players-and-applications/925" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">E-Textiles and Smart Clothing Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electronic-skin-patches-2023-2033/900" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electronic Skin Patches</a> <a href="/en/research-report/optics-for-virtual-augmented-and-mixed-reality-2024-2034-technologies-players-and-markets/969" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Optics for Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality</a> <a href="/en/research-report/virtual-reality-and-augmented-reality-headsets-2023-2033-technologies-players-and-markets/889" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality Headsets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/wearable-sensors-market-2025-2035-technologies-trends-players-forecasts/1051" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Wearable Sensors Market</a> <a href="/en/reports/wearable-technology/52" class="colour- colour-webtopic52 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod 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href="/en/research-report/direct-lithium-extraction-2025-2035-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/1026">Direct Lithium Extraction 2025-2035: Technologies, Players, Markets and Forecasts</a></div></nav> <div id="report-main" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork"> <div class="promostat" itemprop="headline"> The global lithium market will reach a value of US$55.8 billion by 2035 with a CAGR of 9.7%. </div><img src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/D6/9A.png?w=1066&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces,entropy&q=50&fm=pjpg" alt="Direct Lithium Extraction 2025-2035: Technologies, Players, Markets and Forecasts" align="left" class="mainlogo" itemprop="image"><h1 class="std" itemprop="name" id="page-title">Direct Lithium Extraction 2025-2035: Technologies, Players, Markets and Forecasts</h1> <h2 class="booksubtitle" itemprop="alternativeHeadline">Global lithium mining market analysis, focusing on technologies for lithium extraction, lithium recovery from brines, brine sources, key players, trends, regulations, cost, sustainability and market forecasts for lithium production.</h2> <div style="display:none;" class="sectionsellingpoint"></div> <div class="sectionauthors">By <a rel="author" href="https://www.idtechex.com/en/team/dr-jiayi-cen/3097">Dr Jiayi Cen</a></div> <div role="alert" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true" class="toast hide" data-delay="10000" style="position: fixed; top: 10px; right: 25px;z-index:1100"> <div class="toast-header"> <i class="fa fa-exclamation-circle" style="color: darkblue;font-size:1.25em" aria-hidden="true"></i> <strong class="mr-auto">  IDTechEx</strong> <button type="button" class="ml-2 mb-1 close" data-dismiss="toast" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="toast-body"></div> </div> <div class="modal fade" id="loginModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div 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href="https://www.idtechex.com/users/action/dl.asp?documentid=28829" class="btn btn-sm samplepages" style="color:white !important;background-color:#577cbb !important"><span>Download Sample Pages<span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="viewoption"> <span class="selected">Show All</span> <span data-show="description">Description</span> <span data-show="contents">Contents, Table & Figures List</span> <span class="pricing" data-show="orderinfo">Pricing</span> <span class="d-none" data-show="relatedcontent">Related Content</span></div> <div class="report-description"> <div class="blanksectionheading pagesection"></div> <div class="sectioncontent"><div>The global lithium mining market is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.7% between 2025 and 2035. The lithium mining industry plays a pivotal role in supporting the transition towards renewable energy and a low-carbon future. Driven by the soaring demand for Li-ion batteries for energy storage applications and electric vehicles, the demand for critical materials, such as lithium, is increasingly rapidly, necessitating swift and substantial increases in production. Alongside this rapid growth, there is a growing awareness on sustainability throughout the battery value chain. Therefore, advancements in the lithium mining sector are crucial, as they determine how lithium supply can meet the surging demand in an economically and environmentally sustainable manner.</div><div> </div><div>This report offers a comprehensive overview of both established and emerging techniques for mining lithium from natural resources. It focuses particularly on a collection of technologies known as direct lithium extraction (DLE), which have the potential to unlock lithium from brine more efficiently, with improved recovery rates and additional environmental, social, and governance (ESG) benefits. These DLE technologies are introduced and discussed in terms of their technological advancements, market dynamics, and future outlook.</div><div> </div><div><span class="sectionbold">Mismatch in lithium resources versus mined </span></div><div>Lithium is mined through two methods: (i) extraction from hard rock minerals and (ii) extraction from brine resources. However, lithium production from these sources does not scale proportionately to the size of their respective reserves. Although brine resources constitute approximately 60% of global lithium reserves, they only account for about 35% of global lithium production. In contrast, hard rock mining, which has significant environmental impacts and a lower natural occurrence (around 30% of global reserves), contributes to over 60% of global lithium production. The discrepancy in lithium resources versus mined is related to the lithium extraction techniques employed on different lithium resources. Nevertheless, it suggests that there exists significant untapped potential for lithium extraction from brine.</div><div> </div><div><span class="sectionbold">Direct lithium extraction: Redefining brine mining's potential </span></div><div>Conventional brine mining relies on evaporation ponds, with the lithium extraction process spanning 12-24 months and a yield between 40-60%. The rate and yield at which lithium is produced cannot compete with the hard rock mining method. Additionally, its economic and technical feasibility is restricted to specific geographical locations that possess suitable brine resources, climatic conditions, and necessary land for pond infrastructure. Thus, conventional brine mining has struggled to compete with hard rock mining in an era with rapid growing lithium demand.</div><div> </div><div>DLE forms an emerging class of technologies that could overcome many restrictions that conventional brine mining endures while offering additional ESG benefits. Selective lithium extraction from brines can be achieved with DLE to produce lithium more quickly and at higher yields, bypassing the need for evaporation ponds. This also enables utilization of a wider range of brine resources such as geothermal and oilfield brines across different geographical locations which could help to localize the battery supply chain. Finally, regulations on lithium mining are evolving (such as Chile's National Lithium Strategy) to incentivize extraction technologies with low environmental impacts. </div><div> </div><div><span class="sectionbold">Challenges for DLE implementation</span></div><div>The benefits of DLE present a compelling investment opportunity, particularly in times where lithium demand is rapidly increasing. However, there are several challenges that increase the risk profile of DLE projects. Firstly, variations in brine compositions and process conditions necessitate the development of diverse DLE technologies. Six classes of DLE technologies have evolved, with each class exhibiting a unique set of strengths and weaknesses. Given that no two brine resources are identical, there is no single universally optimal DLE solution for all brines. This variability necessitates extensive testing to identify the best investment opportunities.</div><div> </div><div><img src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/D6/98.png?w=5000&q=50&px=16&fm=png" data-src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/D6/98.png?w=5000&q=50" class="lazyload mediaimg imgzmr" data-imgzmr-url="//cdn.idtechex.com/si/40000/D6/98.png" width="5000"></div><div><i>Lithium extraction and recovery technologies covered in this report. Source: IDTechEx</i></div><div> </div><div>Currently, the most understood and commercially proven DLE technology is adsorption DLE, which is operated in Argentina and China. This method uses aluminum-based sorbents to capture lithium and water to release lithium salts, typically lithium chloride. The process of releasing the lithium salts is known as desorption, and the solution containing the captured lithium is referred to as eluate. Ion exchange DLE is the second most developed technology, featuring companies like Lilac Solutions and Standard Lithium. This technology uses manganese or titanium-based sorbents to capture lithium and releases lithium salts (lithium chloride or lithium sulfate) by washing with an acid, such as hydrochloric acid. A significant advantage of ion exchange DLE is its ability to extract lithium from lower-grade brines (below 100 mg/L Li) and produce eluate with higher lithium concentrations (typically over 2000 mg/L) without requiring pre- or post-concentration techniques. Consequently, the need for water separation and brine concentration is lower compared to adsorption DLE. However, the use of acids poses challenges, as they must be transported to the sites if not produced on-site, and the long-term performance of ion exchange materials needs monitoring due to potential degradation and dissolution in acid. Several players, including Standard Lithium and Controlled Thermal Resources, have opted for adsorption DLE after evaluating ion exchange DLE. E3 Lithium, who developed its proprietary ion exchange technologies, announced to proceed with an unnamed third party for its first commercial plant. Confidence in ion exchange DLE may improve once the technology is commercially proven.</div><div> </div><div>Developments in other classes of DLE have comparatively lagged. Solvent extraction DLE and membrane DLE have reached pilot and demonstration scales, while electrochemical and chemical precipitation DLE remain in laboratory development. Further research is necessary to advance these technologies. It's important to note that DLE is largely unproven without evaporation ponds and has not yet been proven on unconventional resources such as geothermal and oilfield brines. Finally, the economics and sustainability profile of DLE (including metrics such as carbon emission), needs improvement to compete with conventional brine evaporation method.</div><div> </div><div><span class="sectionbold">Comprehensive analysis and future outlook </span></div><div>This report provides an in-depth analysis of the DLE sector. It covers lithium extraction and recovery technologies from brine, market activity related to DLE, and sustainability and cost considerations of DLE, benchmarked with conventional brine evaporation and hard rock mining. Additionally, the report covers lithium related regulations and incentives in Boliva, Chile, Argentina, China, USA and Europe. Several business models have evolved in the field, and DLE players can be classified into four categories, each with a unique investment approach outlined by IDTechEx. The report covers a10-year forecast period, offering detailed market predictions and trends. The global lithium mining market is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.7% between 2025 and 2035, with brine (DLE) identified as the fastest-growing segment at a CAGR of 19.6%. This high growth rate in the brine (DLE) segment is expected to disrupt the brine mining market. The forecast for the brine (DLE) segment is further broken down by technology, country, and brine resource type, highlighting the distinct attributes of various DLE projects. This detailed segmentation will be of interest to a wide range of industries, including oil & gas, water treatment and desalination.</div><div> </div><div><img src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/D6/99.png?w=5173&q=50&px=16&fm=png" data-src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/D6/99.png?w=5173&q=50" class="lazyload mediaimg imgzmr" data-imgzmr-url="//cdn.idtechex.com/si/40000/D6/99.png" width="5173"></div><div><i>Lithium production capacity from lithium mining by source type in 2023 and 2035. Source: IDTechEx.</i></div></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="blanksectionheading pagesection"></div> <div class="sectioncontent"><div>Key aspects of this report include:</div><ul><li>History and context in lithium mining.</li><li>Natural forms of lithium resources, their global distribution and lithium production outlook.</li><li>A discussion on the market dynamics of the lithium industry.</li><li>An overview of established and emerging technologies for lithium mining.</li><li>A comprehensive evaluation of technologies for direct lithium extraction (DLE) and lithium recovery from brines.</li><li>Six SWOT analyses on lithium extraction and recovery technologies, including adsorption, ion exchange, solvent extraction, membrane, electrochemical and chemical precipitation technologies.</li><li>Numerous case studies on key players and emerging DLE projects, including conventional brine resources and unconventional brine resources like geothermal and oilfield brines.</li><li>Technological trends and commercial potentials of lithium extraction technologies.</li><li>Policies and regulatory frameworks for lithium mining and future prospects.</li><li>Sustainability and cost profiles for hard rock, conventional brine mining and DLE brine mining.</li><li>An overview of key players, partnerships, venture funding and business models within the sector.</li><li>Lithium production outlook and forecasts until 2035 by production capacity, decomposed by source type (with specified resource and mining methods) and detailed projections on DLE segmented by technology, country and brine types.</li></ul></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="blanksectionheading pagesection"></div> <div class="sectioncontent"><div><style type="text/css">.actable, .acth{border: 1px solid white;border-collapse: collapse;padding: 10px;}.actable{border-radius: 25px;}.acthead .acth{background-color:#162667;color:#ffffff;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;vertical-align:top}.actbody .acth{background-color:#375ca0;color:#ffffff;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;vertical-align:top}.actd{text-align:center;vertical-align:top;border-top: 1px solid #162667;padding: 10px;}</style><table class="actable"><thead class="acthead"><tr><th class="acth">Report Metrics</th><th class="acth">Details</th></tr></thead><tbody class="actbody"><tr><th class="acth">CAGR</th><td class="actd">The global lithium market will reach a value of $US55.8 billion by 2035 with a CAGR of 9.7%.</td></tr><tr><th class="acth">Forecast Period</th><td class="actd">2025 - 2035</td></tr><tr><th class="acth">Forecast Units</th><td class="actd">Volume (ktonne), Value ($US billion)</td></tr><tr><th class="acth">Regions Covered</th><td class="actd">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th class="acth">Segments Covered</th><td class="actd">Lithium mining market divided by lithium resources (hard rock, brine and sedimentary lithium), further segmented into source types where contribution to brine mining is split into brine (conventional) and brine (DLE); the brine DLE sector is further segmented by extraction technology (adsorption, ion exchange, solvent extraction and membrane).</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="sectionheading">Analyst access from IDTechEx</div> <div class="sectioncontent"> <div>All report purchases include up to 30 minutes telephone time with an expert analyst who will help you link key findings in the report to the business issues you're addressing. This needs to be used within three months of purchasing the report.</div> </div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="sectionheading">Further information</div> <div class="sectioncontent"> <div>If you have any questions about this report, please do not hesitate to contact our report team at <a href="mailto:research@IDTechEx.com">research@IDTechEx.com</a> or call one of our sales managers:<br></div> <div><br></div> <div><span class="sectionbold">AMERICAS (USA)</span>: <a href="tel:+1-617-577-7890">+1 617 577 7890</a><br></div> <div><span class="sectionbold">ASIA (Japan):</span> <a href="tel:+81-3-3216-7209">+81 3 3216 7209</a><br></div> <div><span class="sectionbold">ASIA:</span> <a href="tel:+82-10-3896-6219">+82 10 3896 6219</a></div> <div><span class="sectionbold">EUROPE (UK)</span> <a href="tel:+44-1223-812300">+44 1223 812300</a><br></div> </div> <div class="clr"></div> </div> <div class="order-mid"> <input type="hidden" class="samplepages" id="samplepages" 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style="color:white !important;background-color:#577cbb !important"><span>Download Sample Pages<span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding:10px 0px;"></div> </div> <div class="report-contents"> <div class="sectionheading"><a name="toc"></a>Table of Contents</div> <table style="margin-left:10px"> <tr><td class="tocsection1">1.</td><td class="tocname1">EXECUTIVE SUMMARY</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Where can lithium be found in nature?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Incumbent and emerging methods for lithium mining & extraction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.3.</td><td class="tocname2">DLE: key drivers and challenges</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.4.</td><td class="tocname2">The overall process of recovering lithium using DLE technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.5.</td><td class="tocname2">An overview of technologies for lithium recovery</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Technology comparisons by maturity and function</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.7.</td><td class="tocname2">DLE methods overview (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.8.</td><td class="tocname2">DLE methods overview (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Comparing Al/Mn/Ti-based sorbents</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.10.</td><td class="tocname2">Technology for lithium recovery: challenges, opportunities and recommendations (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.11.</td><td class="tocname2">Technology for lithium recovery: challenges, opportunities and recommendations (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.12.</td><td class="tocname2">A map of status on DLE technology developers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.13.</td><td class="tocname2">Business models by DLE player activity</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.14.</td><td class="tocname2">Business models by Li recovery process (via DLE)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.15.</td><td class="tocname2">Lithium extraction by resource type</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.16.</td><td class="tocname2">Attributes of lithium extraction projects</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.17.</td><td class="tocname2">Brine resource, regulation and state of development by region</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.18.</td><td class="tocname2">Trends in direct lithium extraction (DLE)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.19.</td><td class="tocname2">Overview of global lithium production in 2023</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.20.</td><td class="tocname2">Global lithium production in 2023 by country</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.21.</td><td class="tocname2">Lithium production forecast from mining and extraction 2023-2035</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.22.</td><td class="tocname2">Global lithium market 2025-2035</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.23.</td><td class="tocname2">Li production contribution from brine extraction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.24.</td><td class="tocname2">DLE forecast by extraction technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.25.</td><td class="tocname2">Key findings: DLE project development</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.26.</td><td class="tocname2">The characteristics of different DLE players</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.27.</td><td class="tocname2">Outlook of lithium supply vs demand 2023-2035</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.28.</td><td class="tocname2">Access More With an IDTechEx Subscription</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">2.</td><td class="tocname1">INTRODUCTION TO LITHIUM MINING & EXTRACTION</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Where is lithium used?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Differences between lithium carbonate and hydroxide</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Historic lithium prices (2019-2024 1H)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.4.</td><td class="tocname2">The volatility of lithium prices</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Where can lithium be found in nature?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Types of lithium brine deposits</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Introduction to hard rock and sediment-hosted lithium resources</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.8.</td><td class="tocname2">Lithium resource split by country (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Lithium resource split by country (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.10.</td><td class="tocname2">Extraction processes for different lithium deposits</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.11.</td><td class="tocname2">Lithium recovery from continental brine via evaporation pond</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.12.</td><td class="tocname2">Commercial brine evaporation projects</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.13.</td><td class="tocname2">Introduction to direct lithium extraction (DLE)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.14.</td><td class="tocname2">The need for DLE to access a wider range of brine resources</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.15.</td><td class="tocname2">Active DLE operations - Salar del Hombre Muerto</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.16.</td><td class="tocname2">Brine evaporation vs brine DLE</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.17.</td><td class="tocname2">Lithium recovery from hard rock lithium resources (1) - spodumene upgrading</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.18.</td><td class="tocname2">Lithium recovery from hard rock lithium resources (2) - spodumene refining</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.19.</td><td class="tocname2">Lithium recovery from hard rock lithium resources (3) - logistics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.20.</td><td class="tocname2">Commercial hard rock (spodumene) projects</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.21.</td><td class="tocname2">Lithium recovery from sediment-hosted deposits</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.22.</td><td class="tocname2">Proposed lithium project timeline</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.23.</td><td class="tocname2">Players in sedimentary lithium processing</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.24.</td><td class="tocname2">Chapter summary</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">3.</td><td class="tocname1">TECHNOLOGIES FOR LITHIUM EXTRACTION AND RECOVERY FROM BRINES</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">An overview of technologies for lithium recovery</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">The overall process of recovering lithium using DLE technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.1.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology comparisons by maturity and function</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Sorbent-based technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Sorption DLE - adsorption vs ion exchange</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Many names for aluminum-based sorbents</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Sorbent materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Preparation of ion sieves and ion-sieve effect</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Comparing Al/Mn/Ti-based sorbents (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Comparing Al/Mn/Ti-based sorbents (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Sorbent composites</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Sorbent-based process designs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Adsorption</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Adsorption vs absorption</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Adsorption processes for lithium extraction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.3.</td><td class="tocname3">SWOT analysis of adsorption technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology developers in the space of adsorption DLE</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Ion exchange</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.4.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Ion exchange processes for lithium extraction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.4.2.</td><td class="tocname3">SWOT analysis of ion exchange technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.4.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology developers in the space of ion exchange DLE</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Solvent extraction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Solvent extraction processes for lithium extraction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Extraction systems</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Carbonation using CO2</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.4.</td><td class="tocname3">SWOT analysis of solvent extraction technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology developers in the space of solvent extraction DLE</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Membrane technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Membrane processes for lithium recovery</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Membrane technology overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Pressure-driven membrane processes - an introduction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Pressure-driven membrane processes - reverse osmosis (RO)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Membrane fouling poses a challenge to membrane-based processes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Thermally driven membrane process - membrane distillation (MD)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Electrically-driven membrane processes - electrodialysis (ED) (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Electrically-driven membrane processes - electrodialysis (ED) (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Membrane processes for lithium recovery - examples</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Membrane materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Supported liquid membrane (SLM)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.12.</td><td class="tocname3">SWOT analysis of membrane technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology developers in the space of membrane technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Electrochemical technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.7.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Electrochemical technologies for lithium recovery</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.7.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Electrolysis for lithium refining</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.7.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Introduction to capacitive deionization (CDI)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.7.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Introduction to battery-based electrochemical technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.7.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Example processes: Battery-based electrochemical technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.7.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Comparing electrically-driven techniques</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.7.7.</td><td class="tocname3">SWOT analysis of electrochemical technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.7.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology developers in the space of electrochemical technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.8.</td><td class="tocname2">Chemical precipitation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.8.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Chemical precipitation for lithium recovery</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.8.2.</td><td class="tocname3">SWOT analysis of chemical precipitation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.8.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Key findings: Chemical precipitation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.8.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Key findings: Technologies for lithium recovery from brines</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">4.</td><td class="tocname1">MARKET ACTIVITY ON DLE</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Lithium extraction by resource type</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Emerging DLE projects and players</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Business models by DLE player activity</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Business models by Li recovery process (via DLE)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Investments and partnerships (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Investments and partnerships (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Offtake/marketing agreements from DLE projects</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Adsorption DLE</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Active DLE operations - Salar del Hombre Muerto</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Active and emerging operations supplied by Sunresin</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Emerging projects based on adsorption DLE</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Adsorption DLE lithium projects overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology developers in the space of adsorption DLE</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Company and project case studies based on adsorption DLE</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Company case study (1): Eramet</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Company case study (1): Eramet (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Company case study (2) - Vulcan Energy Resources (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Company case study (2) - Vulcan Energy Resources (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Company case study (2) - Vulcan Energy Resources (3)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Company case study (3) - Koch Technology Solutions (KTS)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Company case study (4) - Standard Lithium (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Company case study (4) - Standard Lithium (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Company case study (5) - International Battery Metals (IBAT) (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Company case study (5) - International Battery Metals (IBAT) (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Company case study (6) - CleanTech Lithium</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Comparisons between adsorption DLE projects</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Key findings: Adsorption DLE market</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Ion exchange DLE</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology developers in the space of ion exchange DLE</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Ion exchange DLE lithium project overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Company and project case studies based on ion exchange DLE</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Case study (1) - Lilac Solutions (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Case study (1) - Lilac Solutions (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Case study (2) - Go2Lithium (G2L) (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Case study (2) - Go2Lithium (G2L) (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Case study (3) - Volt Lithium Corp (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Case study (3) - Volt Lithium Corp (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Comparison between DLE projects</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Key findings: Ion exchange DLE market</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Solvent extraction DLE</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.6.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology developers in the space of solvent extraction DLE</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.6.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Case study (1) - Tenova</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.6.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Case study (2) - Ekosolve (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.6.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Case study (2) - Ekosolve (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.6.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Case study (3) - Adionics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.6.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Key findings: Solvent extraction DLE market</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Membrane technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.7.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology developers in the space of membrane technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.7.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Membrane technology developers by Li recovery process</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.7.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Case study (1) - Evove</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.7.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Case study (2) - ElectraLith</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.7.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Key findings: Membrane technology market</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.8.</td><td class="tocname2">Electrochemical technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.8.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology developers in the space of electrochemical technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.8.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Market overview in the electrochemical technology space</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">5.</td><td class="tocname1">SUSTAINABILITY AND COST CONSIDERATIONS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Sustainability comparisons between lithium projects</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Battery-grade lithium chemicals</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Cost comparisons between lithium projects</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Cost comparisons within DLE projects</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">6.</td><td class="tocname1">REGULATIONS AND INCENTIVES RELEVANT TO LITHIUM EXTRACTION & MINING</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Regulations and incentives in Bolivia</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Regulations and incentives in Chile</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Regulations and incentives in Argentina</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Regulations and incentives in China (1)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Regulations and incentives in China (2)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Regulations and incentives in Europe</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Regulations and incentives in the USA</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">7.</td><td class="tocname1">LITHIUM PRODUCTION OUTLOOKS AND FORECASTS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Chapter overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Overview of lithium production in 2023</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Overview of global lithium production in 2023</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Global lithium production in 2023 by country</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Lithium production outlook - key assumptions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Factors affecting lithium production outlook</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Assumptions for lithium production forecast</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Announced vs assumed DLE outlook</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Lithium production forecast 2025-2035</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Forecast methodology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Lithium production forecast from mining and extraction 2023-2035</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Li production contribution by resource type</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Li production contribution from brine extraction</td></tr><tr><td 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