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fs-smaller">Long Duration Energy Storage Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-electric-vehicle-battery-cells-and-packs-2025-2035-technologies-markets-forecasts/1057" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials for Electric Vehicle Battery Cells and Packs</a> <a href="/en/research-report/redox-flow-batteries-market/963" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Redox Flow Batteries Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/scenario-forecasting-spreadsheet-materials-for-electric-vehicle-battery-cells-and-packs/803" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Scenario Forecasting Spreadsheet</a> <a href="/en/research-report/second-life-ev-batteries-2025/1056" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Second-life Electric Vehicle Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/silicon-anode-batteries-2025/1052" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Silicon Anode Battery Technologies and Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sodium-ion-batteries/978" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sodium-ion Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/solid-state-and-polymer-batteries-2025/1070" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Solid-State and Polymer Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-energy-storage/1001" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Energy Storage</a> <a href="/en/reports/batteries-and-energy-storage/8" class="colour- colour-webtopic8 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic2_menu"> <div class="col px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-top-left list-group-item-action btn-sm">Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research/future-mobility-subscription" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Subscription</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Future Mobility Subscription</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-car-sales-models-and-technologies-database/824" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Data & Tools</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Electric Car Sales, Models & Technologies Database</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/air-taxis-evtol-aircraft/998" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Air Taxis</a> <a href="/en/research-report/autonomous-trucks/1016" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Autonomous Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/autonomous-vehicles-markets-2025/1045" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Autonomous Vehicles Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/battery-electric-and-hydrogen-fuel-cell-trains-2023-2043/930" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Battery Electric & Hydrogen Fuel Cell Trains</a> <a href="/en/research-report/battery-markets-in-cam/1008" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Battery Markets in Construction, Agriculture & Mining Machines</a> <a href="/en/research-report/battery-swapping-for-evs/868" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Battery Swapping for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/charging-infrastructure-for-electric-vehicles/1035" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles and Fleets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/copper-demand-for-cars/973" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Copper Demand for Cars</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-buses/1012" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electric and Fuel Cell Buses</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-and-fuel-cell-trucks-2025/1054" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric and Fuel Cell Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-boats-and-ships/948" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electric Boats & Ships</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-light-commercial-vehicles-2025/1048" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric Light Commercial Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-motors/1031" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-vehicles-in-construction/1022" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric Vehicles in Construction</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-vehicles-in-india/793" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electric Vehicles in India</a> <a href="/en/research-report/evs-in-mining/994" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric Vehicles in Mining</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-vehicles-land-sea-and-air-2025-2045/1060" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-hybrid-and-fuel-cell-light-commercial-vehicles-2021-2041/783" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric, Hybrid & Fuel Cell Light Commercial Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-bottom-left list-group-item-action btn-sm"></a> </div> </div> <div class="col px-0" style="margin-left:2px; margin-right:2px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-top-right list-group-item-action btn-sm"></a> <a href="/en/research-report/fire-protection-materials-for-ev-batteries-2025/1068" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Fire Protection Materials for EV Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fuel-cell-boats-and-ships/907" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Fuel Cell Boats & Ships</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fuel-cell-evs/977" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/future-automotive-technologies/979" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Future Automotive Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/heads-up-displays/991" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Heads-up Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/high-voltage-hybrid-cars-buses-and-trucks/788" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">High Voltage Hybrid Cars, Buses and Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/li-ion-batteries-and-battery-management-systems-for-evs/957" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Li-ion Batteries and Battery Management Systems for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/li-ion-battery-market-2025/1027" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Li-ion Battery Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-electric-vehicle-battery-cells-and-packs-2025-2035-technologies-markets-forecasts/1057" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials for Electric Vehicle Battery Cells and Packs</a> <a href="/en/research-report/micro-evs/915" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Micro EVs</a> <a href="/en/research-report/off-grid-charging-for-evs/997" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Off-Grid Charging For Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/plug-in-hybrid-and-battery-electric-cars/1043" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Plug-in Hybrid and Battery Electric Cars</a> <a href="/en/research-report/power-electronics-for-evs/1014" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Power Electronics for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/roboshuttles-and-autonomous-buses/1020" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Roboshuttles and Autonomous Buses</a> <a href="/en/research-report/scenario-forecasting-spreadsheet-materials-for-electric-vehicle-battery-cells-and-packs/803" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Scenario Forecasting Spreadsheet</a> <a href="/en/research-report/second-life-ev-batteries-2025/1056" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Second-life Electric Vehicle Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/semiconductors-for-autonomous-and-electric-vehicles-2023-2033/921" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Semiconductors for Autonomous and Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/silicon-anode-batteries-2025/1052" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Silicon Anode Battery Technologies and Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-future-aviation-2025/1033" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sustainable Future Aviation</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-interface-materials/1011" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Interface Materials</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-evs/1015" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-ev-power-electronics/1000" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for EV Power Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/wireless-charging-market-for-evs/896" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Wireless Charging Market for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-bottom-right list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic115_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/energy-and-decarbonization/115" class="colour- colour-webtopic115 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Energy & Decarbonization</a> <a href="/en/research/energy-market-intelligence-subscription" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Subscription</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Energy Research Subscription</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/blue-hydrogen-production-and-markets/922" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Blue Hydrogen Production and Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ccus-markets/1017" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-dioxide-removal/1007" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-dioxide-utilization/1028" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carbon Dioxide Utilization</a> <a href="/en/research-report/decarbonization-of-cement-2025/1050" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Decarbonization of Cement</a> <a href="/en/research-report/green-hydrogen-production/992" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Green Hydrogen Production & Electrolyzer Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/hydrogen-economy/946" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Hydrogen Economy</a> <a href="/en/research-report/hydrogen-internal-combustion-engines/1030" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-green-hydrogen-production/970" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materials for Green Hydrogen Production</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-pem-fuel-cells/987" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials for PEM Fuel Cells</a> <a href="/en/research-report/nuclear-small-modular-reactors/934" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Nuclear Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/perovskite-photovoltaic-market-2025/1062" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Perovskite Photovoltaic Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/solid-state-and-polymer-batteries-2025/1070" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Solid-State and Polymer Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/stationary-fuel-cell-markets/1037" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Stationary Fuel Cell Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainability-for-data-centers-2025/1064" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sustainability for Data Centers</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-biofuels-and-e-fuels-market/1039" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sustainable Biofuels & E-Fuels Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-energy-storage/1001" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Energy Storage</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thin-film-and-flexible-photovoltaics/885" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thin Film & Flexible Photovoltaics</a> <a href="/en/reports/energy-and-decarbonization/115" class="colour- colour-webtopic115 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic118_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/food-and-agtech/118" class="colour- colour-webtopic118 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Food & AgTech</a> <a href="/en/research-report/agricultural-robots-and-drones/837" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Agricultural Robots and Drones</a> <a href="/en/research-report/biostimulants-and-biopesticides/773" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Biostimulants and Biopesticides</a> <a href="/en/research-report/cultured-meat/913" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Cultured Meat</a> <a href="/en/research-report/genetic-engineering-in-agriculture/750" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Genetic Engineering in Agriculture</a> <a href="/en/research-report/pfas-treatment-technologies/1040" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">PFAS Treatment</a> <a href="/en/research-report/plant-based-meat/823" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Plant-Based Meat</a> <a href="/en/research-report/vertical-farming/871" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Vertical Farming</a> <a href="/en/reports/food-and-agtech/118" class="colour- colour-webtopic118 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic110_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/healthcare/110" class="colour- colour-webtopic110 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Healthcare</a> <a href="/en/research-report/advanced-wound-care-tech/682" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Advanced Wound Care Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-in-drug-discovery/818" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">AI in Drug Discovery 2021</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-in-medical-diagnostics/766" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">AI in Medical Diagnostics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/antiviral-and-antimicrobial-tech/942" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Antiviral and Antimicrobial Technology Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/biosensors-for-point-of-care-diagnostics/863" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Biosensors for Point-of-Care Diagnostics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/diabetes-management-2025/1059" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Diabetes Management Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/digital-health-and-ai/985" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence</a> <a href="/en/research-report/dna-sequencing/887" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">DNA Sequencing</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electronic-skin-patches/900" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electronic Skin Patches</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-electronics-in-healthcare/731" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Flexible Electronics in Healthcare</a> <a href="/en/research-report/remote-patient-monitoring/890" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Remote Patient Monitoring</a> <a href="/en/research-report/skin-sensors/752" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Skin Sensors</a> <a href="/en/reports/healthcare/110" class="colour- colour-webtopic110 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic124_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/hydrogen/124" class="colour- colour-webtopic124 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Hydrogen</a> <a href="/en/research-report/battery-electric-and-hydrogen-fuel-cell-trains-2023-2043/930" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Battery Electric & Hydrogen Fuel Cell Trains</a> <a href="/en/research-report/blue-hydrogen-production-and-markets/922" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Blue Hydrogen Production and Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fuel-cell-evs/977" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/green-hydrogen-production/992" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Green Hydrogen Production & Electrolyzer Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/hydrogen-economy/946" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Hydrogen Economy</a> <a href="/en/research-report/hydrogen-internal-combustion-engines/1030" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines</a> <a href="/en/research-report/long-duration-energy-storage-market/983" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Long Duration Energy Storage Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-green-hydrogen-production/970" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials for Green Hydrogen Production</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-pem-fuel-cells/987" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materials for PEM Fuel Cells</a> <a href="/en/research-report/off-grid-charging-for-evs/997" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Off-Grid Charging For Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/stationary-fuel-cell-markets/1037" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Stationary Fuel Cell Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-future-aviation-2025/1033" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sustainable Future Aviation</a> <a href="/en/reports/hydrogen/124" class="colour- colour-webtopic124 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic116_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/photonics/116" class="colour- colour-webtopic116 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Photonics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/advanced-semiconductor-packaging/1042" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Advanced Semiconductor Packaging</a> <a href="/en/research-report/automotive-displays/958" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Automotive Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/heads-up-displays/991" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Heads-up Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/lidar-2024-2034/995" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Lidar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/metamaterials-markets/1010" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Metamaterials Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/micro-led-displays/968" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Micro-LED Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/silicon-photonics-and-photonic-integrated-circuits-2025/1067" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Silicon Photonics and Photonic Integrated Circuits</a> <a href="/en/reports/photonics/116" class="colour- colour-webtopic116 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic1_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/printed-and-flexible-electronics/1" class="colour- colour-webtopic1 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Printed & Flexible Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-and-printed-electronics/943" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Overview Report</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Flexible & Printed Electronics</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/3d-electronics/1003" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">3D Electronics/Additive Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/conductive-inks/1013" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Conductive Inks Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electronic-skin-patches/900" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electronic Skin Patches</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-batteries-market/1018" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Flexible Batteries Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-electronics-in-healthcare/731" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Flexible Electronics in Healthcare</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-hybrid-electronics/950" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Flexible Hybrid Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/in-mold-electronics-2025/1055" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">In-Mold Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/manufacturing-printed-electronics-2023-2033/916" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Manufacturing Printed Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-printed-flexible-electronics-2021-2031-technologies-applications-market-forecasts/785" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials for Printed/Flexible Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/perovskite-photovoltaic-market-2025/1062" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Perovskite Photovoltaic Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/printed-and-flexible-electronics-for-automotive-applications-2021-2031-technologies-and-markets/806" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Printed and Flexible Electronics for Automotive Applications</a> <a href="/en/research-report/printed-and-flexible-sensors/993" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Printed and Flexible Sensors</a> <a href="/en/research-report/smart-packaging/931" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Smart Packaging</a> <a href="/en/research-report/stretchable-and-conformal-electronics/636" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Stretchable and Conformal Electronics</a> <a href="/en/reports/printed-and-flexible-electronics/1" class="colour- colour-webtopic1 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic122_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/quantum-technologies/122" class="colour- colour-webtopic122 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Quantum Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-communication-market/984" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Communication Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-computing-market-2025/1053" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Computing Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-sensors-market-2025/1063" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Sensors Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-tech/1005" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Technology Market</a> <a href="/en/reports/quantum-technologies/122" class="colour- colour-webtopic122 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic99_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/robotics-and-autonomy/99" class="colour- colour-webtopic99 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Robotics & Autonomy</a> <a href="/en/research-report/agricultural-robots-and-drones/837" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Agricultural Robots and Drones</a> <a href="/en/research-report/automotive-radar-market-2025/1061" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Automotive Radar Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/autonomous-trucks/1016" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Autonomous Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/autonomous-vehicles-markets-2025/1045" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Autonomous Vehicles Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/collaborative-robots-2025/1046" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Collaborative Robots</a> <a href="/en/research-report/drone-market-and-industries/787" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Drone Market and Industries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/future-automotive-technologies/979" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Future Automotive Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/infrared-and-thermal-cameras-for-autonomy-and-in-cabin-2025-2035-technologies-opportunities-forecasts/1029" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Infrared and Thermal Cameras for Autonomy and In-Cabin</a> <a href="/en/research-report/lidar-2024-2034/995" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Lidar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/mobile-robotics-in-logistics-warehousing-and-delivery/960" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mobile Robotics in Logistics, Warehousing and Delivery</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-communication-market/984" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Communication Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/roboshuttles-and-autonomous-buses/1020" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Roboshuttles and Autonomous Buses</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sensors-for-robotics/908" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sensors for Robotics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/service-robots/864" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Service Robots</a> <a href="/en/research-report/software-defined-vehicles/974" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Software-Defined Vehicles, Connected Cars, and AI in Cars</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-adas/875" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS)</a> <a href="/en/reports/robotics-and-autonomy/99" class="colour- colour-webtopic99 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic121_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/semiconductors-computing-and-ai/121" class="colour- colour-webtopic121 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Semiconductors, Computing & AI</a> <a href="/en/research-report/advanced-semiconductor-packaging/1042" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Advanced Semiconductor Packaging</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-chips/937" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">AI Chips</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-chips-for-edge-applications/956" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">AI Chips for Edge Applications</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-in-drug-discovery/818" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">AI in Drug Discovery 2021</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-in-medical-diagnostics/766" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">AI in Medical Diagnostics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/antenna-in-package/989" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Antenna in Package (AiP) for 5G and 6G</a> <a href="/en/research-report/chiplet-technology-2025/1041" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Chiplet Technology</a> <a href="/en/research-report/co-packaged-optics/1019" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Co-Packaged Optics (CPO)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electrically-conductive-adhesives/830" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electrically Conductive Adhesives</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-hybrid-electronics/950" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Flexible Hybrid Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/hardware-for-hpc-and-ai-2025/1058" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Hardware for HPC and AI</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-and-processing-for-advanced-semiconductor-packaging/1044" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials and Processing for Advanced Semiconductor Packaging</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-informatics/990" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materials Informatics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-communication-market/984" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Communication Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-computing-market-2025/1053" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Computing Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-tech/1005" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Technology Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/semiconductors-for-autonomous-and-electric-vehicles-2023-2033/921" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Semiconductors for Autonomous and Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/silicon-photonics-and-photonic-integrated-circuits-2025/1067" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Silicon Photonics and Photonic Integrated Circuits</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainability-for-data-centers-2025/1064" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sustainability for Data Centers</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-electronics-and-semiconductor-manufacturing-2025/1065" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sustainable Electronics and Semiconductor Manufacturing</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-5g/857" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for 5G</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-data-centers/1036" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Data Centers</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-ev-power-electronics/1000" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for EV Power Electronics</a> <a href="/en/reports/semiconductors-computing-and-ai/121" class="colour- colour-webtopic121 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic95_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/sensors-haptics-and-displays/95" class="colour- colour-webtopic95 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Sensors, Haptics & Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/brain-computer-interfaces/1024" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Brain Computer Interfaces</a> <a href="/en/research-report/displays-for-virtual-augmented-and-mixed-reality/955" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Displays for Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality</a> <a href="/en/research-report/emerging-image-sensor-technologies/965" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Emerging Image Sensor Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/environmental-gas-sensor-market/964" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Environmental Gas Sensor Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/haptics-market-2025/1034" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Haptics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/heads-up-displays/991" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Heads-up Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/in-cabin-sensing/972" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">In-Cabin Sensing</a> <a href="/en/research-report/infrared-and-thermal-cameras-for-autonomy-and-in-cabin-2025-2035-technologies-opportunities-forecasts/1029" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Infrared and Thermal Cameras for Autonomy and In-Cabin</a> <a href="/en/research-report/lidar-2024-2034/995" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Lidar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/micro-led-displays/968" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Micro-LED Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/printed-and-flexible-sensors/993" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Printed and Flexible Sensors</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-sensors-market-2025/1063" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Sensors Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-tech/1005" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Technology Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sensor-market/1038" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sensor Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sensors-for-robotics/908" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sensors for Robotics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/skin-sensors/752" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Skin Sensors</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-adas/875" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/wearable-sensors-market-2025/1051" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Wearable Sensors Market</a> <a href="/en/reports/sensors-haptics-and-displays/95" class="colour- colour-webtopic95 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic120_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/sustainability/120" class="colour- colour-webtopic120 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Sustainability</a> <a href="/en/research-report/bioplastics-market-2025/1032" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Bioplastics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ccus-markets/1017" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-dioxide-removal/1007" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-dioxide-utilization/1028" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carbon Dioxide Utilization</a> <a href="/en/research-report/chemical-recycling/1009" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Chemical Recycling and Dissolution of Plastics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/cultured-meat/913" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Cultured Meat</a> <a href="/en/research-report/decarbonization-of-cement-2025/1050" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Decarbonization of Cement</a> <a href="/en/research-report/emerging-alternative-leathers/980" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Emerging Alternative Leathers</a> <a 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2025-2045: Technologies, Market Forecasts, and Players</h1> <h2 class="booksubtitle" itemprop="alternativeHeadline">Granular forecasts, interview-based company profiles, benchmarking, and market outlook of carbon dioxide utilization technologies in enhanced oil recovery, concrete, fuels, polymers, drop-in chemicals, greenhouses, algae, and proteins</h2> <div style="display:none;" class="sectionsellingpoint"></div> <div class="sectionauthors">By <a rel="author" href="https://www.idtechex.com/en/team/eve-pope/2992">Eve Pope</a></div> <div role="alert" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true" class="toast hide" data-delay="10000" style="position: fixed; top: 10px; right: 25px;z-index:1100"> <div class="toast-header"> <i class="fa fa-exclamation-circle" style="color: darkblue;font-size:1.25em" aria-hidden="true"></i> <strong class="mr-auto">  IDTechEx</strong> <button type="button" class="ml-2 mb-1 close" data-dismiss="toast" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> 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href="/en/research/market-intelligence-subscription" target="_blank" style="display:block;font-size:0.8em;text-align:center;">About subscriptions</a> </div> <div> <a href="https://www.idtechex.com/users/action/dl.asp?documentid=28840" class="btn btn-sm samplepages" style="color:white !important;background-color:#577cbb !important"><span>Download Sample Pages<span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="viewoption"> <span class="selected">Show All</span> <span data-show="description">Description</span> <span data-show="contents">Contents, Table & Figures List</span> <span class="pricing" data-show="orderinfo">Pricing</span> <span class="d-none" data-show="relatedcontent">Related Content</span></div> <div class="report-description"> <div class="blanksectionheading pagesection"></div> <div class="sectioncontent"><div>Carbon capture is an essential decarbonization tool for reducing emissions worldwide in line with global net-zero targets. Carbon dioxide utilization (CO<sub>2</sub>U) technologies are a sub-set of carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies that can financially incentivize CO<sub>2</sub> capture even without carbon pricing and tax incentives.</div><div> </div><div class="sectionquote">"Carbon Dioxide Utilization 2025-2045: Technologies, Market Forecasts, and Players" provides comprehensive coverage of the global CO<sub>2</sub> utilization space, giving in-depth analysis of the technological, economic, and environmental aspects that will impact this emerging market over the next twenty years. The report also includes a twenty-year granular forecast for the deployment of 11 CO<sub>2</sub>U product categories, alongside 40+ interview-based company profiles.</div><div> </div><div><img src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/D7/1E.png?w=5000&q=50&px=16&fm=png" data-src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/D7/1E.png?w=5000&q=50" class="lazyload mediaimg imgzmr" data-imgzmr-url="//cdn.idtechex.com/si/40000/D7/1E.png" width="5000"></div><div> </div><div><i>Breakdown of how the share of direct revenue from the sale of CO<sub>2</sub> utilization product for each category will change over the next twenty years. Additional streams of revenue such as 45Q tax credits, carbon credit sales, and waste disposal fees not included. Source: IDTechEx</i></div><div> </div><div>Carbon dioxide utilization technologies refer to the practical use of waste CO<sub>2</sub>, captured abiotically using direct air capture or point source capture of industrial emissions (including industrial biogenic carbon dioxide sources), to create financial benefits and produce net CO<sub>2</sub> emissions reduction or removal. This report includes analysis, benchmarking, key players, and latest advancements for all emerging CO<sub>2</sub> utilization areas, enabling emitters to identify the best opportunities in monetizing CO<sub>2</sub> recycling.</div><div> </div><div>IDTechEx considers CO<sub>2</sub> use cases in enhanced oil recovery, building materials, liquid and gaseous fuels, polymers, chemicals, and in biological yield-boosting (crop greenhouses, algae, and proteins), exploring the technology innovations and profitability within each area.</div><div> </div><div><span class="sectionbold">Chemicals made from captured CO<sub>2</sub> are already profitable</span></div><div>Profitable production of CO<sub>2</sub>-derived polymers has been around for decades. The total annual production capacity of polycarbonate resin using CO<sub>2</sub>U technology has reached 1 million tonnes. Other essential plastics, such as polyethylene and PET, are starting to be made from CO<sub>2</sub> via thermochemical and biological conversion routes. Drop-in chemicals such as CO<sub>2</sub>-derived ethanol and aromatics are also being commercialized.</div><div> </div><div>While potentially all carbon containing chemicals could utilize carbon dioxide in production, those requiring non-reductive pathways are the most promising due to a smaller energy demand and lack of dependency on low-carbon hydrogen. This report explores synthesis routes for chemical companies to use waste CO<sub>2</sub> as a green feedstock, displacing petrochemical products.</div><div> </div><div><span class="sectionbold">CO<sub>2</sub>-derived fuels could decarbonize the aviation and shipping sectors</span></div><div>Alternative fuels have not achieved price parity with fossil fuels, inhibiting market uptake. However, increased market penetration of CO<sub>2</sub>-derived fuels is expected to come from regulations already being put in place, such as fuel-blend mandates for long-haul transportation. As green hydrogen electrolyzer capacity scales up worldwide, production of e-fuels from carbon dioxide using power-to-x technology (including e-methanol, synthetic natural gas, e-diesel, e-kerosene, and e-gasoline production) will also increase. Several CO<sub>2</sub>-derived fuels are already being commercially produced with many more commercial facilities expected over the next decade. These fuels are expected to play a role in decarbonizing shipping and aviation as full electrification of the aviation and maritime sectors is currently unfeasible. </div><div> </div><div><span class="sectionbold">CO<sub>2</sub>-derived concrete can help build a net-negative future</span></div><div>This report covers how CO<sub>2</sub> utilization can lower the carbon footprint of ready-mixed concrete, precast concrete, and carbonate aggregates/supplementary cementitious materials through CO<sub>2</sub> mineralization reactions. When CO<sub>2</sub> is permanently stored in concrete, performance is improved, and less cement is needed. Growth of CO<sub>2</sub>-derived building materials will be driven by new certifications, superior materials performance, and the ability to achieve price parity through waste disposal fees and the sale of carbon credits.</div><div> </div><div><span class="sectionbold">Key questions answered in this report</span></div><ul><li>What is CO<sub>2</sub> utilization and how can it be used to address climate change?</li><li>How is CO<sub>2</sub> used in the industry today?</li><li>What is the market potential for CO<sub>2</sub>U?</li><li>How can CO<sub>2</sub> be converted into useful products?</li><li>What is the technology readiness level of CO<sub>2</sub>U processes?</li><li>What are the energy and feedstocks requirements for CO<sub>2</sub>U processes?</li><li>How does the performance of CO<sub>2</sub>-derived products compare with their conventional counterparts?</li><li>What are the key drivers and hurdles for CO<sub>2</sub>U market growth?</li><li>How much do CO<sub>2</sub>U technologies cost?</li><li>Where are the key growth opportunities for CO<sub>2</sub>U?</li><li>Who are the key players in CO<sub>2</sub>U?</li><li>What is the climate impact of CO<sub>2</sub>U technologies?</li></ul><div> </div><div><span class="sectionbold">Key aspects</span></div><div>This report provides the following information</div><div> </div><div>Technology trends & players analysis</div><div>• Detailed overview of captured carbon dioxide utilization technologies: carbonation, thermal and catalytic processes, electrochemical pathways, biotechnological and injection processes.</div><div>• Market potential of waste CO₂ utilization in enhanced oil recovery, construction materials, fuels, chemicals, polymers, crop greenhouses, algae cultivation, and fermentation for protein production.</div><div>• Technology readiness level (TRL) analysis.</div><div>• Technical challenges and economics of scaling up carbon dioxide utilization operations.</div><div>• Assessment of infrastructure and supply chain requirements for CO₂ utilization market uptake.</div><div>• Climate benefit potential and lifecycle assessment (LCA) overview of main CO₂-derived products.</div><div>• Benchmarking comparison between CO₂-derived products and alternative low-carbon solutions.</div><div>• Developments in manufacturing processes using captured CO₂ as a feedstock.</div><div>• Latest developments in key policies influencing the Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) market.</div><div>• Analysis of CCU players latest developments, observing trends, partnerships, key patents, projects announced, and funding.</div><div>• Interview-based primary information from key companies.</div><div> </div><div>Market Forecasts & Analysis:</div><div>• 20-year granular market forecasts for both established (CO₂-EOR) and emerging markets of CO₂ utilization, the latter subdivided in 11 application areas.</div></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="blanksectionheading pagesection"></div> <div class="sectioncontent"><div><style type="text/css">.actable, .acth{border: 1px solid white;border-collapse: collapse;padding: 10px;}.actable{border-radius: 25px;}.acthead .acth{background-color:#162667;color:#ffffff;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;vertical-align:top}.actbody .acth{background-color:#375ca0;color:#ffffff;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;vertical-align:top}.actd{text-align:center;vertical-align:top;border-top: 1px solid #162667;padding: 10px;}</style><table class="actable"><thead class="acthead"><tr><th class="acth">Report Metrics</th><th class="acth">Details</th></tr></thead><tbody class="actbody"><tr><th class="acth">CAGR</th><td class="actd">Sales from utilizing captured CO₂ will directly generate US$240 billion in revenue in 2045. This represents a CAGR of 15.2% compared to 2025.</td></tr><tr><th class="acth">Forecast Period</th><td class="actd">2023 - 2045</td></tr><tr><th class="acth">Forecast Units</th><td class="actd">CO₂ utilized (Mt), Product revenue (USD$), Product volume (Mt)</td></tr><tr><th class="acth">Regions Covered</th><td class="actd">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th class="acth">Segments Covered</th><td class="actd">CO₂ enhanced oil recovery, CO₂-derived construction materials (ready-mixed concrete mixing, precast concrete curing, and CO₂-derived aggregates), CO₂-derived fuels (methanol, synthetic natural gas, and synfuels), CO₂-derived polymers and commodity chemicals, CO₂ use to boost biological yields in greenhouses, algae cultivation, and fermentation for protein production.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="sectionheading">Analyst access from IDTechEx</div> <div class="sectioncontent"> <div>All report purchases include up to 30 minutes telephone time with an expert analyst who will help you link key findings in the report to the business issues you're addressing. This needs to be used within three months of purchasing the report.</div> </div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="sectionheading">Further information</div> <div class="sectioncontent"> <div>If you have any questions about this report, please do not hesitate to contact our report team at <a href="mailto:research@IDTechEx.com">research@IDTechEx.com</a> or call one of our sales managers:<br></div> <div><br></div> <div><span class="sectionbold">AMERICAS (USA)</span>: <a href="tel:+1-617-577-7890">+1 617 577 7890</a><br></div> <div><span class="sectionbold">ASIA (Japan):</span> <a href="tel:+81-3-3216-7209">+81 3 3216 7209</a><br></div> <div><span class="sectionbold">ASIA:</span> <a href="tel:+82-10-3896-6219">+82 10 3896 6219</a></div> <div><span class="sectionbold">EUROPE (UK)</span> <a href="tel:+44-1223-812300">+44 1223 812300</a><br></div> </div> <div class="clr"></div> </div> <div class="order-mid"> <input type="hidden" class="samplepages" id="samplepages" 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style="color:white !important;background-color:#577cbb !important"><span>Download Sample Pages<span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding:10px 0px;"></div> </div> <div class="report-contents"> <div id="accordion"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-header"> <a class="card-link collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapseOne" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="sectionheading"><span id="collapse-icon" class="fa fa-caret-right"></span>  Table of Contents</div> </a> </div> <div id="collapseOne" class="collapse"> <div class="card-body"> <table style="margin-left:10px"> <tr><td class="tocsection1">1.</td><td class="tocname1">EXECUTIVE SUMMARY</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Why CO&#8322 utilization?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.2.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322 utilization pathways</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.3.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-EOR dominates utilization of captured CO&#8322</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.4.</td><td class="tocname2">World's large-scale CO&#8322 capture with CO&#8322-EOR facilities</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Key takeaways in CO&#8322-EOR</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Emerging applications of CO&#8322 utilization</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Comparison of emerging CO&#8322 utilization applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.8.</td><td class="tocname2">Technology Readiness Level (TRL): CO&#8322U products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Key players in emerging CO&#8322 Utilization technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.10.</td><td class="tocname2">Production of CO&#8322-derived building materials is growing fast</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.11.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322 use in the cement and concrete supply chain</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.12.</td><td class="tocname2">Competitive landscape: TRL of players in CO&#8322U concrete</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.13.</td><td class="tocname2">Key takeaways in CO&#8322-derived building materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.14.</td><td class="tocname2">Carbon-containing chemicals could be made from CO&#8322</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.15.</td><td class="tocname2">The chemical industry's decarbonization challenge</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.16.</td><td class="tocname2">Major pathways to convert CO&#8322 into polymers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.17.</td><td class="tocname2">Key takeaways in CO&#8322-derived chemicals and polymers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.18.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-derived fuels could decarbonize transport</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.19.</td><td class="tocname2">Key takeaways in CO&#8322-derived fuels</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.20.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322 utilization to boost biological yields</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.21.</td><td class="tocname2">Key takeaways in CO&#8322 biological yield boosting</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.22.</td><td class="tocname2">Factors driving CO&#8322U future market potential</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.23.</td><td class="tocname2">Greater policy and regulation support for CO&#8322U is needed</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.24.</td><td class="tocname2">Carbon utilization potential and climate benefits</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.25.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322 utilization: Analyst viewpoint (i)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.26.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322 utilization: Analyst viewpoint (ii)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.27.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322 utilization: Analyst viewpoint (iii)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.28.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322 utilization forecast by product (million tonnes of CO&#8322 per year), 2025-2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">1.29.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322 utilization market forecast, 2025-2045: discussion</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">2.</td><td class="tocname1">INTRODUCTION</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Definition and report scope</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.2.</td><td class="tocname2">The world needs an unprecedented transition away from fossil carbon</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Why CO&#8322 utilization?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.4.</td><td class="tocname2">How is CO&#8322 used and sourced today?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.5.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322 utilization pathways</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Reductive vs non-reductive methods</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.7.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322 Utilization in Enhanced Oil Recovery</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.8.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322 Utilization in Enhanced Oil Recovery</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Main emerging applications of CO&#8322 utilization</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.10.</td><td class="tocname2">Emerging applications of CO&#8322 utilization</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.11.</td><td class="tocname2">Carbon Utilization potential and climate benefits</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.12.</td><td class="tocname2">When can CO&#8322 utilization be considered "net-zero"?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.13.</td><td class="tocname2">Greater policy and regulation support for CO&#8322U is needed</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.14.</td><td class="tocname2">Carbon pricing and carbon markets</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.15.</td><td class="tocname2">Compliance carbon pricing mechanisms across the globe</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.16.</td><td class="tocname2">Alternative to carbon pricing: 45Q tax credits</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.17.</td><td class="tocname2">How is CO&#8322 utilization treated in existing regulations?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.18.</td><td class="tocname2">45Q tax credits and CO&#8322 utilization</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.19.</td><td class="tocname2">The role of voluntary carbon credits in supporting CO&#8322 utilization</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.20.</td><td class="tocname2">Is the origin of CO&#8322 important?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.21.</td><td class="tocname2">Factors driving future market potential</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.22.</td><td class="tocname2">IDTechEx TRL assessment for large-scale CO&#8322 utilization</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.23.</td><td class="tocname2">Technology Readiness Level (TRL): CO&#8322U products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.24.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322U Products: utilization ratio and selling price</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.25.</td><td class="tocname2">Cost effectiveness of CO&#8322 utilization applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.26.</td><td class="tocname2">New CO&#8322 transportation infrastructure expected to emerge rapidly</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.27.</td><td class="tocname2">Investment in CO&#8322 utilization continues to grow</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.28.</td><td class="tocname2">Governments are also funding CCU companies and commercial projects</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.29.</td><td class="tocname2">Technical challenges of major CO&#8322U applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.30.</td><td class="tocname2">Climate benefits of major CO&#8322U applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.31.</td><td class="tocname2">Technology readiness and climate benefits of CO&#8322U pathways</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.32.</td><td class="tocname2">Key considerations for CO&#8322U market growth</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.33.</td><td class="tocname2">Realizing the potential of CO&#8322 utilization</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.34.</td><td class="tocname2">Carbon utilization business models</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.35.</td><td class="tocname2">Why CO&#8322 utilization should not be overlooked</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.36.</td><td class="tocname2">Conclusions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">3.</td><td class="tocname1">CO&#8322 ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.1.</td><td class="tocname2">What is CO&#8322-EOR?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.2.</td><td class="tocname2">What happens to the injected CO&#8322?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Types of CO&#8322-EOR designs</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.4.</td><td class="tocname2">The CO&#8322 source: natural vs anthropogenic</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.5.</td><td class="tocname2">The CO&#8322 source impacts costs and technology choice</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Global status of CO&#8322-EOR: U.S. dominates but other regions arise</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.7.</td><td class="tocname2">World's large-scale CO&#8322 capture with CO&#8322-EOR facilities</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.8.</td><td class="tocname2">Most CCUS projects are coupled with enhanced oil recovery for financial viability</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.9.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-EOR potential</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.10.</td><td class="tocname2">Most CO&#8322 in the U.S. is still naturally sourced</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.11.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-EOR main players in the U.S.</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.12.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-EOR main players in North America</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.13.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322 transportation is a bottleneck</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.14.</td><td class="tocname2">Which CCUS/EOR project is the biggest?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.15.</td><td class="tocname2">Boundary Dam - battling capture technical issues</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.16.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-EOR in China</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.17.</td><td class="tocname2">The economics of promoting CO&#8322 storage through CO&#8322-EOR</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.18.</td><td class="tocname2">Role of Carbon sequestration tax credits: the U.S. 45Q</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.19.</td><td class="tocname2">The impact of oil prices on CO&#8322-EOR feasibility</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.20.</td><td class="tocname2">Petra Nova's long shutdown: lessons for the industry?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.21.</td><td class="tocname2">Climate considerations in CO&#8322-EOR</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.22.</td><td class="tocname2">The climate impact of CO&#8322-EOR varies over time</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.23.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-EOR: an on-ramp for CCS and DACCS?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.24.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-EOR: Progressive or "Greenwashing"</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.25.</td><td class="tocname2">Future advancements in CO&#8322-EOR</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.26.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-EOR SWOT analysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.27.</td><td class="tocname2">Key takeaways: market</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.28.</td><td class="tocname2">Key takeaways: environmental</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">4.</td><td class="tocname1">CO&#8322 UTILIZATION IN BUILDING MATERIALS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Introduction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">The role of concrete in the construction sector emissions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">The role of cement in concrete's carbon footprint</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.3.</td><td class="tocname3">The role of cement in concrete's carbon footprint (ii)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Regulations driving concrete decarbonization</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.5.</td><td class="tocname3">The Basic Chemistry: CO&#8322 Mineralization</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.6.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 use in the cement and concrete supply chain</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Can the CO&#8322 used in building materials come from cement plants?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.2.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322 utilization in concrete curing or mixing</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 utilization in concrete curing or mixing</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 utilization in concrete curing or mixing (ii)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 utilization in concrete curing - technologies and business models</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 utilization in concrete curing or mixing - production capacities</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.3.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322 utilization in carbonates (aggregates and additives)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.1.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 utilization in carbonates (aggregates and additives)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.2.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-derived carbonates from natural minerals</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.3.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-derived carbonates from waste</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.4.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-derived carbonates from waste (ii)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Carbonation of recycled concrete in a cement plant</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Carbonation of recycled concrete players</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.7.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 utilization in carbonates - technologies and business models (i)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.8.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 utilization in carbonates - technologies and business models (ii)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.9.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 utilization in carbonates - production capacities</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Market analysis of CO&#8322-derived building materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.1.</td><td class="tocname3">The market potential of CO&#8322 use in the construction industry</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Supplying CO&#8322 to a decentralized concrete industry</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Future of CO&#8322 supply for concrete</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Prefabricated versus ready-mixed concrete markets</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Market dynamics of cement and concrete</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.6.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322U business models in building materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.7.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 derived concrete: carbon credits</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Construction standards can delay adoption of new materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Construction standards met by CO&#8322U concrete players</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.10.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322U technology adoption in construction materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.11.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 utilization players in mineralization</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Competitive landscape: TRL of players in CO&#8322U concrete</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Factors influencing CO&#8322U adoption in construction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.14.</td><td class="tocname3">Factors influencing CO&#8322U adoption in construction (ii)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.15.</td><td class="tocname3">Concrete carbon footprint of key CO&#8322U companies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.16.</td><td class="tocname3">Cement reduction and direct sequestration carbon footprint components</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.17.</td><td class="tocname3">Key takeaways in CO&#8322-derived building materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.18.</td><td class="tocname3">Key takeaways in CO&#8322-derived building materials (ii)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.19.</td><td class="tocname3">Key takeaways in CO&#8322-derived building materials (iii)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">5.</td><td class="tocname1">CO&#8322-DERIVED CHEMICALS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Introduction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">The chemical industry's decarbonization challenge</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 can be converted into a giant range of chemicals</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Using CO&#8322 as a feedstock is energy-intensive</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.4.</td><td class="tocname3">The basics: types of CO&#8322 utilization reactions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.5.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 conversion pathways in this chapter</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.6.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 use in urea production</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.2.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-derived chemicals: thermochemical pathways</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 may need to be first converted into CO or syngas</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Reverse water gas shift (RWGS) overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">RWGS catalyst innovation case study</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: syngas to hydrocarbons</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Direct Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: CO&#8322 to hydrocarbons</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Methanol is a valuable chemical feedstock</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Cost parity has been a challenge for CO&#8322-derived methanol</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Thermochemical methods: CO&#8322-derived methanol</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Carbon Recycling International: Direct hydrogenation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Direct methanol synthesis from H2O & CO&#8322</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Major CO&#8322-derived methanol projects</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Future methanol applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Aromatic hydrocarbons from CO&#8322</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.3.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-derived chemicals: electrochemical pathways</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Electrochemical CO&#8322 reduction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Electrochemical CO&#8322 reduction technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Low-temperature electrochemical CO&#8322 reduction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.4.</td><td class="tocname3">ECO&#8322Fuel Project</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.5.</td><td class="tocname3">High-temperature solid oxide electrolyzers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEC) overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.7.</td><td class="tocname3">SOEC co-electrolysis project case study</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Comparison of RWGS & SOEC co-electrolysis routes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.9.</td><td class="tocname3">SOEC & SOFC system suppliers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.10.</td><td class="tocname3">H2O electrolysis industry much more developed than CO&#8322 electrolysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Topsoe</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Cost comparison of CO&#8322 electrochemical technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Coupling H2 and electrochemical CO&#8322</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.14.</td><td class="tocname3">What products can be made from CO&#8322 reduction?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.15.</td><td class="tocname3">Economic viability CO&#8322 reduction products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.16.</td><td class="tocname3">USA and Europe leading the way in CO&#8322 electrolysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.3.17.</td><td class="tocname3">Summary of electrochemical CO&#8322 reduction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.4.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-derived chemicals: Microbial conversion pathways</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.4.1.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 microbial conversion to produce chemicals</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.4.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Tools and techniques of synthetic biology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.4.3.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-consuming microorganisms</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.4.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Introduction to CRISPR-Cas9</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.4.5.</td><td class="tocname3">CRISPR-Cas9: a bacterial immune system</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.4.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Gene-editing considerations for acetogens</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.4.7.</td><td class="tocname3">LanzaTech</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.4.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Key challenges in chemosynthesis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.4.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Key players in chemosynthetic biological conversion for CO&#8322 utilization</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.4.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Scaling bioreactors - specific technical challenges</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.4.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Introduction to cell-free systems</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.4.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Cell-free versus cell-based systems</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.4.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Biological conversion pathways to CO&#8322-derived chemicals studied in academia</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.5.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-derived chemicals: Photocatalytic, photoelectrochemical, plasma conversion</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.1.</td><td class="tocname3">"Artificial photosynthesis" - photocatalytic reduction methods</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.5.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Plasma technology for CO&#8322 conversion</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.6.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-derived polymers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Major pathways to convert CO&#8322 into polymers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.2.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-derived linear-chain polycarbonates</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Commercial production of polycarbonate from CO&#8322</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Asahi Kasei: CO&#8322-based aromatic polycarbonates</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Commercial production of CO&#8322-derived polymers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Methanol to olefins (polypropylene production)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Ethanol to polymers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Project announcements in 2023: Electrochemical polymer production</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.6.9.</td><td class="tocname3">PHB from Biological Conversion: Newlight</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.7.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-derived pure carbon products</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.7.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Carbon nanostructures made from CO&#8322</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.7.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Mars Materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.8.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-derived chemicals: market and general considerations</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.8.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Players in CO&#8322-derived chemicals by end-product</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.8.2.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-derived chemicals: market potential</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.8.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Are CO&#8322-derived chemicals climate beneficial?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.8.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology Readiness Level (TRL): CO&#8322U chemicals</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.8.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Investments and industrial collaboration are key</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.8.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Steel-off gases as a CO&#8322U feedstock</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.8.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Centralized or distributed chemical manufacturing?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.8.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Could the chemical industry run on CO&#8322?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.9.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-derived chemicals: takeaways</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.9.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Which CO&#8322U technologies are more suitable to which products?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.9.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Key takeaways in CO&#8322-derived chemicals</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">6.</td><td class="tocname1">CO&#8322-DERIVED FUELS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.1.</td><td class="tocname2">What are CO&#8322-derived fuels (power-to-X)?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.2.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322 can be converted into a variety of fuels</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Overview of e-fuel uses & production pathways</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Comparison of e-fuels to fossil and biofuels</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Overview of energy & carbon flows in e-fuel production</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.6.</td><td class="tocname2">The challenge of energy efficiency</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.7.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-fuels are pertinent to a specific context</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.8.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-fuels in road vehicles</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) synthesis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.10.</td><td class="tocname2">MTG e-fuel plant case study</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.11.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-fuels in shipping</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.12.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-fuels in aviation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.13.</td><td class="tocname2">Sustainable aviation fuel policies (i)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.14.</td><td class="tocname2">Sustainable aviation fuel policies (ii)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.15.</td><td class="tocname2">Fuels made from CO&#8322 are seeing demand from the aviation and shipping sectors</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.16.</td><td class="tocname2">Existing and future CO&#8322-derived synfuels (kerosene, diesel, and gasoline) projects</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.17.</td><td class="tocname2">The source of captured CO&#8322 matters</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.18.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322 source for e-fuel production under the EU's Renewable Energy Directive</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.19.</td><td class="tocname2">Status of DAC for e-fuel production</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.20.</td><td class="tocname2">Overview of syngas production options for e-fuels</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.21.</td><td class="tocname2">Key players in reverse water gas shift (RWGS) for e-fuels</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.22.</td><td class="tocname2">Start-ups in reverse water gas shift (RWGS) for e-fuels</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.23.</td><td class="tocname2">RWGS-FT e-fuel plant case study</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.24.</td><td class="tocname2">Methanation overview</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.25.</td><td class="tocname2">Thermocatalytic pathway to e-methane</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.26.</td><td class="tocname2">Thermocatalytic methanation case study</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.27.</td><td class="tocname2">Biological fermentation of CO&#8322 into e-methane</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.28.</td><td class="tocname2">Biocatalytic methanation case study</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.29.</td><td class="tocname2">Thermocatalytic vs biocatalytic methanation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.30.</td><td class="tocname2">SWOT for methanation technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.31.</td><td class="tocname2">Existing and future CO&#8322-derived methane projects</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.32.</td><td class="tocname2">Power-to-Methane projects worldwide - current and announced</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.33.</td><td class="tocname2">Methanation company landscape</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.34.</td><td class="tocname2">High costs of e-fuel production</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.35.</td><td class="tocname2">Can CO&#8322-fuels achieve cost parity with fossil-fuels?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.36.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-fuels rollout is linked to electrolyzer capacity</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.37.</td><td class="tocname2">Low-carbon hydrogen is crucial to CO&#8322-fuels</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.38.</td><td class="tocname2">Technology & process developers in e-fuels by end-product</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.39.</td><td class="tocname2">Project developers in e-fuels by end-product</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.40.</td><td class="tocname2">SWOT analysis for e-fuels</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.41.</td><td class="tocname2">Are CO&#8322-fuels climate beneficial?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.42.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-derived fuels: market potential</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.43.</td><td class="tocname2">Key takeaways in CO&#8322-derived fuels</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">7.</td><td class="tocname1">CO&#8322 UTILIZATION IN BIOLOGICAL YIELD BOOSTING</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Introduction</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 utilization in biological processes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Main companies using CO&#8322 in biological processes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.2.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322 utilization in greenhouses</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 enrichment in greenhouses</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 enrichment in greenhouses: market potential</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 enrichment in greenhouses: pros and cons</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Advancements in greenhouse CO&#8322 enrichment</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.3.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322 utilization in algae cultivation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.1.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-enhanced algae or cyanobacteria cultivation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.2.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-enhanced algae cultivation: open systems</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.3.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-enhanced algae cultivation: closed systems</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Algae can be used directly for CO&#8322 capture</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Algae has multiple market applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.6.</td><td class="tocname3">The algae-based fuel market has been rocky</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Algae-based fuel for aviation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.3.8.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-enhanced algae cultivation: pros and cons</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">7.4.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322 utilization in microbial conversion: food and feed production</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Food and feed from CO&#8322</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.2.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-derived food and feed: market</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Carbon fermentation: pros and cons</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">7.4.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Key takeaways in CO&#8322 biological yield boosting</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">8.</td><td class="tocname1">CO&#8322 UTILIZATION MARKET FORECAST</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Forecast methodology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Forecast scope and methodology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Forecast product categories</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.2.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322 utilization overall market forecast</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 utilization forecast by category (million tonnes of CO&#8322 per year), 2025-2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 utilization forecast by product (million tonnes of CO&#8322 per year), 2025-2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Data table for CO&#8322 utilization forecast by product (million tonnes of CO&#8322 per year)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Carbon utilization annual revenue forecast by category (billion US$), 2025-2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.2.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Carbon utilization annual revenue forecast by product (billion US$), 2025-2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.2.6.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 utilization market forecast, 2025-2045: discussion</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.2.7.</td><td class="tocname3">The evolution of the CO&#8322U market</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.3.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-Enhanced Oil Recovery forecast</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.3.1.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-EOR forecast assumptions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.3.2.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 utilization forecast in enhanced oil recovery (million tonnes of CO&#8322 per year), 2025-2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.3.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Annual revenue forecast for CO&#8322-enhanced oil recovery (billion US$), 2025-2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.3.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Captured CO&#8322 use in EOR, 2025-2045: discussion</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.4.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-derived building materials forecast</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.4.1.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-derived building materials: forecast assumptions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.4.2.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 utilization forecast in building materials by end-use (million tonnes of CO&#8322 per year), 2025-2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.4.3.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-derived building materials volume forecast by product (million tonnes of product per year), 2025-2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.4.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Annual revenue forecast for CO&#8322-derived building materials by product (million US$), 2025-2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.4.5.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-derived building materials forecast, 2025-2045: discussion (i)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.4.6.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-derived building materials forecast, 2025-2045: discussion (ii)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.5.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-derived chemicals forecast</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.5.1.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-derived chemicals: forecast assumptions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.5.2.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 utilization forecast in chemicals by end-use (million tonnes of CO&#8322 per year), 2025-2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.5.3.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-derived chemicals volume forecast by end-use (million tonnes product per year), 2025-2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.5.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Annual revenue forecast for CO&#8322-derived chemicals by end-use (million US$), 2025-2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.5.5.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-derived chemicals forecast, 2025-2045: discussion</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.6.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322-derived fuels forecast</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.6.1.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-derived fuels: forecast assumptions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.6.2.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 utilization forecast in fuels by fuel type (million tonnes of CO&#8322 per year), 2025-2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.6.3.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-derived fuels volume forecast by fuel type (million tonnes of fuel per year), 2025-2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.6.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Annual revenue forecast for CO&#8322-derived fuels by fuel type (million US$), 2025-2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.6.5.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-derived fuels forecast, 2025-2045: discussion (i)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.6.6.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322-derived fuels forecast, 2025-2045: discussion (ii)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">8.7.</td><td class="tocname2">CO&#8322 use in biological yield-boosting forecast</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.7.1.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 use in biological yield-boosting: forecast assumptions (greenhouses)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.7.2.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 use in biological yield-boosting: forecast assumptions (algae and proteins)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.7.3.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 utilization forecast in biological yield-boosting by end-use (million tonnes of CO&#8322 per year), 2025-2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.7.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Annual revenue forecast for CO&#8322 use in biological yield-boosting by end-use (million US$), 2025-2045</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.7.5.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 use in biological yield-boosting forecast, 2025-2045: discussion (greenhouses)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">8.7.6.</td><td class="tocname3">CO&#8322 use in biological yield-boosting forecast, 2025-2045: discussion (algae & proteins)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">9.</td><td class="tocname1">COMPANY PROFILES</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Adaptavate</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Aether Diamonds</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Arborea</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Avantium: Volta Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Carboclave</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Carbon Corp</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Carbon Neutral Fuels</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.8.</td><td class="tocname2">Carbon Recycling International</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Carbonaide</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.10.</td><td class="tocname2">CarbonBridge</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.11.</td><td class="tocname2">CarbonBuilt</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.12.</td><td class="tocname2">CarbonCure</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.13.</td><td class="tocname2">CarbonFree</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.14.</td><td class="tocname2">Chiyoda: CCUS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.15.</td><td class="tocname2">CO2 GRO Inc.</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.16.</td><td class="tocname2">Coval Energy</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.17.</td><td class="tocname2">Deep Branch</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.18.</td><td class="tocname2">Econic Technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.19.</td><td class="tocname2">Fortera Corporation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.20.</td><td class="tocname2">GreenCap Solutions</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.21.</td><td class="tocname2">Greenore</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.22.</td><td class="tocname2">INERATEC</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.23.</td><td class="tocname2">LanzaJet</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.24.</td><td class="tocname2">LanzaTech</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.25.</td><td class="tocname2">Liquid Wind</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.26.</td><td class="tocname2">Mars Materials</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.27.</td><td class="tocname2">neustark</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.28.</td><td class="tocname2">Newlight Technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.29.</td><td class="tocname2">O.C.O Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.30.</td><td class="tocname2">OXCCU</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.31.</td><td class="tocname2">OxEon Energy</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.32.</td><td class="tocname2">Paebbl</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.33.</td><td class="tocname2">Prometheus Fuels</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.34.</td><td class="tocname2">Q Power</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.35.</td><td class="tocname2">Seratech</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.36.</td><td class="tocname2">Solar Foods</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.37.</td><td class="tocname2">Solidia Technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.38.</td><td class="tocname2">Synhelion</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.39.</td><td class="tocname2">Twelve Corporation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">9.40.</td><td class="tocname2">UP Catalyst</td></tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> </div> </div> <div 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