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href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory" title="Lunar Receiving Laboratory – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lunar Receiving Laboratory" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratorio_de_Recepci%C3%B3n_Lunar" title="Laboratorio de Recepción Lunar – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Laboratorio de Recepción Lunar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory" title="Lunar Receiving Laboratory – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lunar Receiving Laboratory" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" 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l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive large"><div class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#323996;color:#FFF"><div>Lunar Receiving Laboratory</div></div><div><div class="images" style="padding:2px 0"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory.jpg/260px-Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory.jpg/390px-Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory.jpg/520px-Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="407" /></a></span></div><div class="legend">Le Lunar Receiving Laboratory juste après sa construction.</div></div><table><caption style="color:#FFF;text-align:center;background-color:#323996">Histoire</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Fondation</th><td class=""><div> 1967-1979</div></td></tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="color:#FFF;text-align:center;background-color:#323996">Cadre</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Domaine d'activité</th><td class=""><div> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9ologie_de_la_Lune" title="Géologie de la Lune">Géologie de la Lune</a></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Siège</th><td class=""><div> <a href="/wiki/Centre_spatial_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Centre spatial Lyndon B. Johnson">Centre spatial Lyndon B. Johnson</a></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Pays</th><td class=""><div> <span class="nowrap"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="États unis"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des États-Unis"><img alt="Drapeau des États-Unis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="color:#FFF;text-align:center;background-color:#323996">Organisation</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Organisation mère</th><td class=""><div> <a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar noprint bordered navigation-not-searchable" style="border-top:1px solid #323996"><span class="plainlinks" style="text-align:left"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory&veaction=edit&section=0">modifier</a> - <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory&action=edit&section=0">modifier le code</a> - <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2460747" class="extiw" title="d:Q2460747">modifier Wikidata</a></span><span style="text-align:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Organisation2" title="Documentation du modèle"><img alt="Documentation du modèle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></p></div> <p>Le <b>Lunar Receiving Laboratory</b> ou <b>LRL</b> est une installation de la <a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">NASA</a> située à <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a> (<a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>) utilisée jusqu'en 1979 pour entreposer les <a href="/wiki/Roche_lunaire" title="Roche lunaire">roches lunaires</a> ramenées par les équipages des missions du <a href="/wiki/Programme_Apollo" title="Programme Apollo">programme Apollo</a>. Cet immeuble a également hébergé les équipages des missions <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a> et <a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a> à qui une <a href="/wiki/Quarantaine" title="Quarantaine">quarantaine</a> était imposée après leur séjour sur le sol de la Lune pour écarter tout risque d'épidémie. Cette mesure fut levée à partir de la mission <a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">Apollo 15</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historique">Historique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Historique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Historique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Harrison_H._Schmitt,_Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory,_12-27-1972.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Harrison_H._Schmitt%2C_Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory%2C_12-27-1972.jpg/220px-Harrison_H._Schmitt%2C_Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory%2C_12-27-1972.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Harrison_H._Schmitt%2C_Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory%2C_12-27-1972.jpg/330px-Harrison_H._Schmitt%2C_Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory%2C_12-27-1972.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Harrison_H._Schmitt%2C_Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory%2C_12-27-1972.jpg/440px-Harrison_H._Schmitt%2C_Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory%2C_12-27-1972.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3882" data-file-height="3882" /></a><figcaption>L'astronaute <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Schmitt" title="Harrison Schmitt">Harrison Schmitt</a> au Lunar Receiving Laboratory après le retour d'<a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Au début des années 1960, les <a href="/wiki/Biologiste" title="Biologiste">biologistes</a> consultés par la NASA indiquent qu'il n'est pas exclus que des organismes vivants puissent subsister sur la Lune même si les conditions qui y règnent (vide, température) semblent peu favorables<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La NASA décide dans la perspective du programme Apollo de construire au <i>Manned Spaceflight Center</i> qui sera nommé en 1973 <a href="/wiki/Centre_spatial_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Centre spatial Lyndon B. Johnson">Centre spatial Lyndon B. Johnson</a> une installation permettant d'isoler les astronautes et les roches lunaires ramenés sur Terre de tout contact avec l'extérieur. </p><p>La construction comporte 8 000 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre carré">m<sup>2</sup></abbr> de surface au sol dont un quart consacré aux équipages en quarantaine et deux autres tiers pour le stockage et la manipulation des roches lunaires<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ayant couté 9 millions de dollars américains ( 61 millions actuels)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Des <a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%AEte_%C3%A0_gants_(laboratoire)" title="Boîte à gants (laboratoire)">boîtes à gants</a> permettent de manipuler les roches qui sont stockés initialement sous vide puis à partir d'Apollo 12 dans une atmosphère inerte d'<a href="/wiki/Azote" title="Azote">azote</a>. À l'issue des missions Apollo 382 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilogramme">kg</abbr> de roches lunaires y sont stockés. En 1976, 14 % des roches sont déplacées dans un bunker de la base de l'United States Air Force de Brooks pour éviter une perte totale en cas de destruction du LRL. Ce stock secondaire de 52 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilogramme">kg</abbr> est transféré au <a href="/wiki/White_Sands_Test_Facility" title="White Sands Test Facility">White Sands Test Facility</a> lorsque la base de Brooks est fermée. Mais le LRL est jugé mal adapté à sa mission. En 1977 la NASA décide de construire, toujours au Centre spatial Lyndon B. Johnson, une nouvelle installation destinée à accueillir les roches lunaires et à permettre leur manipulation. Le <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Sample_Laboratory_Facility" title="Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility">Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility</a> qui remplace le LRL est inauguré en <time class="nowrap" datetime="1979-07" data-sort-value="1979-07">juillet 1979</time>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:NASA-Houston_LRL-installation.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/NASA-Houston_LRL-installation.png" decoding="async" width="455" height="308" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="308" /></a><figcaption>Circulation des roches lunaires collectées lors de leur stockage au LRL (Houston)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:36em; column-count:2;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#WDC">W. David Compton, <i>op. cit.</i>, <i>Handling sample from the moon : The Specter of "Back-Contamination"</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#WDC">W. David Compton, <i>op. cit.</i>, <i>Handling sample from the moon : Completing Design and Starting Construction</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Atkinson2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nancy_Atkinson2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Nancy Atkinson, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universetoday.com/35229/how-to-handle-moon-rocks-and-lunar-bugs-a-personal-history-of-apollos-lunar-receiving-lab/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">How to Handle Moon Rocks and Lunar Bugs: A Personal History of Apollo’s Lunar Receiving Lab</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">universetoday.com</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-07-19" data-sort-value="2009-07-19">19 juillet 2009</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-08-30" data-sort-value="2017-08-30">30 aout 2017</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="SMWL"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Susan <span class="nom_auteur">Mangus</span> et William <span class="nom_auteur">Larsen</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Lunar Receiving Laboratory Project History</cite>, <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep/CR-2004-208938.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lunar+Receiving+Laboratory+Project+History&rft.aulast=Mangus&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Larsen%2C+William&rft.date=2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALunar+Receiving+Laboratory"></span></span><div style="margin-left:2em; line-height:1.5;">Histoire de la réalisation du Lunar Receiving Laboratory(document NASA n° NASA/CR – 2004–208938)</div></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="WDC"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> W. David Compton, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Where No Man Has Gone Before : A History of Apollo Lunar Exploration Missions</cite>, <time>1989</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4214/contents.html">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Where+No+Man+Has+Gone+Before+%3A+A+History+of+Apollo+Lunar+Exploration+Missions&rft.au=W.+David+Compton&rft.date=1989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALunar+Receiving+Laboratory"></span></span><div style="margin-left:2em; line-height:1.5;">Histoire du projet scientifique associé au programme Apollo (document NASA n° Special Publication-4214)</div></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_and_Planetary_Institute" title="Lunar and Planetary Institute">Lunar and Planetary Institute</a> Institut consacré aux sciences planétaires</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roche_lunaire" title="Roche lunaire">Roche lunaire</a> <a href="/wiki/Radiot%C3%A9lescope" title="Radiotélescope">radiotélescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Sample_Laboratory_Facility" title="Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility">Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility</a> Installation ayant remplacé le LRL</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lien_externe">Lien externe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Lien externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Lien externe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep/CR-2004-208938.pdf">Lunar Receiving Laboratory Project History</a> NASA/CR–2004–208938, 2004</li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint collapsed" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Programme_spatial_am%C3%A9ricain" title="Modèle:Palette Programme spatial américain"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Programme_spatial_am%C3%A9ricain&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Programme_spatial_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Programme spatial des États-Unis">Programme spatial américain</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Lanceurs</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ares_I" title="Ares I"><abbr class="abbr" title="1"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span></abbr></a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares_V" title="Ares V"><abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a> (abandonné)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Antares (fusée)">Antares</a> (2013-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Athena (fusée)">Athena</a> (1995-2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Atlas (fusée)">Atlas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Atlas (fusée)"><abbr class="abbr" title="1"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span></abbr></a> (1990-1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Atlas (fusée)"><abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a> (1991-2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Atlas (fusée)"><abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a> (2000-2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V"><abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a> (2002-)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conestoga_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Conestoga (fusée)">Conestoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Delta (fusée)">Delta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II"><abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a> (1989-2018) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/10px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/15px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/20px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_III" title="Delta III"><abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a> (1998-2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_IV" title="Delta IV"><abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a> (2002-2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_IV_Heavy" title="Delta IV Heavy"><abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr> <span class="lang-en" lang="en">Heavy</span></a> (2004-2024)</li></ul></li> <li>Falcon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_1" title="Falcon 1">Falcon 1</a> (2006-2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">9</a> (2010-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Heavy</span></a> (2018-)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace" title="Firefly Aerospace">Firefly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Alpha" title="Firefly Alpha">Alpha</a> (2021-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace" title="Firefly Aerospace">MLV</a> (2025-)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_I" title="Juno I">Juno <abbr class="abbr" title="1"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span></abbr></a> (1958-1959) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juno_I" title="Juno I"><abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a> (1958-1961)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LauncherOne" title="LauncherOne">LauncherOne</a> (2020-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Minotaur (fusée)"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Minotaur</span></a> (1994-) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur-C" title="Minotaur-C">Minotaur-C</a> (1994-2017)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Glenn" title="New Glenn">New Glenn</a> (2024-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Pegasus (fusée)">Pegasus</a> (1990-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Rocket (fusée)">Rocket 3</a> (2018-2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab" title="Rocket Lab">Rocket Lab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electron_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Electron (fusée)">Electron</a> (2018-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Neutron (fusée)">Neutron</a> (2024-)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS1_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="RS1 (fusée)">RS1</a> (2023-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Saturn (fusée)"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Saturn</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_I" title="Saturn I"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Saturn</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="1"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span></abbr></a> (1961-1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_IB" title="Saturn IB"><abbr class="abbr" title="1"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span></abbr>B</a> (1966-1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V"><abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a> (1967-1973) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/10px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/15px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/20px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_INT-21" title="Saturn INT-21">INT-21</a> (1973)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Scout (fusée)">Scout</a> (1965-1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">SLS</a> (2022-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starship_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Starship (fusée)">Starship</a> (2023-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativity_Space" title="Relativity Space">Terran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terran_1" title="Terran 1">Terran 1</a> (2023-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terran_R" title="Terran R">Terran R</a> (2024-)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Thor (fusée)">Thor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">Agena</a> (1959-1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Burner" title="Thor-Burner">Burner</a> (1965-1976)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Titan (fusée)">Titan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGM-25C_Titan_II" title="LGM-25C Titan II"><abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a> (1964-1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Titan (fusée)"><abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a> (1964-1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Titan (fusée)"><abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr>B</a> (1966-1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Titan (fusée)">34D</a> (1982-1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IV" title="Titan IV"><abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a> (1989-2005)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Vanguard" title="Programme Vanguard">Vanguard</a> (1957-1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Vulcan (fusée)">Vulcan</a> (2024-)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Programme spatial habité</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Programmes</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Mercury" title="Programme Mercury"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Mercury</span></a> (1961–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Gemini" title="Programme Gemini">Gemini</a> (1965–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Apollo" title="Programme Apollo">Apollo</a> (1967–1972) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/10px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/15px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/20px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a> (1973–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo-Soyouz" title="Apollo-Soyouz">Apollo-Soyouz</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navette_spatiale_am%C3%A9ricaine" title="Navette spatiale américaine">Navette spatiale</a> (1981–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Shuttle-Mir" title="Programme Shuttle-Mir">Shuttle-Mir</a> (1994–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale_internationale" title="Station spatiale internationale">Station spatiale internationale</a> (depuis 1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Constellation" title="Programme Constellation">Constellation</a> (abandonné)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Artemis" title="Programme Artemis">Artemis</a> (en cours)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Engins spatiaux</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(vaisseau_spatial)" title="Mercury (vaisseau spatial)"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Mercury</span></a> (1961-1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(vaisseau_spatial)" title="Gemini (vaisseau spatial)">Gemini</a> (1964-1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_(vaisseau_spatial)" title="Apollo (vaisseau spatial)">Apollo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Module_de_commande_et_de_service_Apollo" title="Module de commande et de service Apollo">module de commande et de service</a> (1966-1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Module_lunaire_Apollo" title="Module lunaire Apollo">module lunaire</a> (1968-1972) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/10px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/15px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/20px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_(v%C3%A9hicule_spatial)" title="Cygnus (véhicule spatial)">Cygnus</a> (2013-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon" title="SpaceX Dragon">Dragon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon" title="SpaceX Dragon"><sup>1</sup></a> (2010-2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crew_Dragon" title="Crew Dragon"><sup>2</sup></a> (2020-)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(v%C3%A9hicule_spatial)" title="Orion (véhicule spatial)">Orion</a> (2014-)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Boeing_CST-100_Starliner" title="Boeing CST-100 Starliner">Boeing CST-100 Starliner</a></span> (2019-)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Dream_Chaser" title="Dream Chaser">Dream Chaser</a></span> (2023-)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Starship_HLS" title="Starship HLS">Starship HLS</a></span></li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></span></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Missions</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Programme_Mercury" title="Catégorie:Programme Mercury">Missions <span class="lang-en" lang="en">Mercury</span></a> (1958-1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Programme_Gemini" title="Catégorie:Programme Gemini">Missions Gemini</a> (1964-1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Mission_Apollo" title="Catégorie:Mission Apollo">Missions Apollo</a> (1961-1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Programme_Skylab" title="Catégorie:Programme Skylab">Missions Skylab</a> (1973-1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Missions_des_navettes_spatiales_am%C3%A9ricaines" title="Catégorie:Missions des navettes spatiales américaines">Missions de la navette spatiale américaine</a> (1981-2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Exp%C3%A9dition_ISS" title="Catégorie:Expédition ISS">Expéditions de la Station spatiale internationale</a> (1998-)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Satellites scientifiques</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Exploration du<br />système solaire</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Pioneer" title="Programme Pioneer"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Pioneer</span></a> (1958–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Ranger" title="Programme Ranger"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Ranger</span></a> (1961–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Mariner" title="Programme Mariner"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Mariner</span></a> (1962–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Lunar_Orbiter" title="Programme Lunar Orbiter"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Lunar Orbiter</span></a> (1966–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Surveyor" title="Programme Surveyor">Surveyor</a> (1966–1968) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/10px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/15px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/20px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a></span> / <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">11</a> (1972–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Viking" title="Programme Viking">Viking</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Voyager" title="Programme Voyager"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Voyager</span></a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISEE_3" title="ISEE 3">ICE</a> (1978)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Venus_Orbiter" title="Pioneer Venus Orbiter">Pioneer Venus Orbiter</a></span> (1978)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Venus_Multiprobe" title="Pioneer Venus Multiprobe">Pioneer Venus Multiprobe</a></span> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Galileo (sonde spatiale)">Galileo</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magellan_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Magellan (sonde spatiale)">Magellan</a> (1989)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Observer" title="Mars Observer">Mars Observer</a></span> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine" title="Clementine">Clementine</a> (1994)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a></span> (1996)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a></span> (1996) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/10px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/15px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/20px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder" title="Mars Pathfinder">Mars Pathfinder</a></span> (1996)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Prospector" title="Lunar Prospector">Lunar Prospector</a></span> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassini-Huygens" title="Cassini-Huygens">Cassini-Huygens</a> (1997) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/10px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/15px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/20px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter" title="Mars Climate Orbiter">Mars Climate Orbiter</a></span> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_1" title="Deep Space 1"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Deep Space</span></a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Stardust (sonde spatiale)"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Stardust</span></a> (1999) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/10px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/15px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/20px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Polar_Lander" title="Mars Polar Lander">Mars Polar Lander</a></span> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Genesis (sonde spatiale)">Genesis</a> (2001) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/10px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/15px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/20px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></span> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CONTOUR" title="CONTOUR">CONTOUR</a> (2002)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></span> (Spirit) (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Deep Impact (sonde spatiale)"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Deep Impact</span></a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a> (2004)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></span> (2005)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></span> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Phoenix (sonde spatiale)">Phoenix</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Dawn (sonde spatiale)"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Dawn</span></a> (2007) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/10px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/15px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/20px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></span> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Crater_Observation_and_Sensing_Satellite" title="Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite">LCROSS</a> (2009)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a></span> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Juno (sonde spatiale)">Juno</a> (2011) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/10px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/15px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/20px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_Recovery_and_Interior_Laboratory" title="Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory">GRAIL</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Atmosphere_and_Dust_Environment_Explorer" title="Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer">LADEE</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020_(mission_spatiale)" title="Mars 2020 (mission spatiale)">Mars 2020</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mars_2020_(mission_spatiale)" title="Mars 2020 (mission spatiale)">Perseverance</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(h%C3%A9licopt%C3%A8re)" title="Ingenuity (hélicoptère)">Ingenuity</a>) (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Lucy (sonde spatiale)">Lucy</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psych%C3%A9_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Psyché (sonde spatiale)">Psyché</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIPER_(astromobile)" title="VIPER (astromobile)">VIPER</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Sample_Return" title="Mars Sample Return">Mars Sample Return</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Dragonfly (sonde spatiale)">Dragonfly</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VERITAS_(sonde_spatiale)" title="VERITAS (sonde spatiale)">VERITAS</a> (~2031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAVINCI%2B" title="DAVINCI+">DAVINCI+</a> (~2031)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Science et technologie</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Explorer" title="Programme Explorer">Programme Explorer</a> (depuis 1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAGEOS" title="LAGEOS">LAGEOS</a> (1976–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRRES" title="CRRES">CRRES</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Technology_5" title="Space Technology 5">ST5</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_History_of_Events_and_Macroscale_Interactions_during_Substorms" title="Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms">THEMIS</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Boundary_Explorer" title="Interstellar Boundary Explorer">IBEX</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Astronomie</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory">OAO</a> (1966–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhuru_(satellite)" title="Uhuru (satellite)">Uhuru</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Astronomy_Satellite_2" title="Small Astronomy Satellite 2">SAS-2</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copernicus_(satellite)" title="Copernicus (satellite)">Copernicus</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_V" title="Ariel V">Ariel <abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEAO-1" title="HEAO-1">HEAO-1</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="International Ultraviolet Explorer">IUE</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_VI" title="Ariel VI">Ariel <abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_Astronomical_Satellite" title="Infrared Astronomical Satellite">IRAS</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Hubble (télescope spatial)">Hubble</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Gamma-Ray_Observatory" title="Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory">GCRO</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer">EUVE</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALEXIS_(satellite)" title="ALEXIS (satellite)">ALEXIS</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossi_X-ray_Timing_Explorer" title="Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer">RXTE</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeppoSAX" title="BeppoSAX">BeppoSAX</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Chandra (télescope spatial)">Chandra</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FUSE_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="FUSE (télescope spatial)">FUSE</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_Field_Infrared_Explorer" title="Wide Field Infrared Explorer">WIRE</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Spitzer (télescope spatial)">Spitzer</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Evolution_Explorer" title="Galaxy Evolution Explorer">GALEX</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Swift (télescope spatial)">Swift</a> (2004) <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/10px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/15px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/20px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermi_Gamma-ray_Space_Telescope" title="Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope">GLAST</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Kepler (télescope spatial)">Kepler</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Spectroscopic_Telescope_Array" title="Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array">NuSTAR</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph" title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph">IRIS</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="James Webb (télescope spatial)">James-Webb</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaging_X-ray_Polarimetry_Explorer" title="Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer">IXPE</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Euclid (télescope spatial)">Euclid</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPHEREx" title="SPHEREx">SPHEREx</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEO_Surveyor" title="NEO Surveyor">NEO Surveyor</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Spectrometer_and_Imager" title="Compton Spectrometer and Imager">COSI</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy-Grace-Roman_(t%C3%A9lescope_spatial)" title="Nancy-Grace-Roman (télescope spatial)">télescope Roman</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="Ultraviolet Explorer">Ultraviolet Explorer</a> (2030)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_Worlds_Observatory" title="Habitable Worlds Observatory">HWO</a> (vers 2040)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Étude du Soleil</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">OSO</a> (1962–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Pioneer" title="Programme Pioneer"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Pioneer</span> 6, 7, 8 et 9</a> (1965–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_ISEE" title="Programme ISEE">ICE</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Maximum_Mission" title="Solar Maximum Mission">SolarMax</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Ulysses (sonde spatiale)">Ulysses</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(satellite)" title="Wind (satellite)">GGS WIND</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observatoire_solaire_et_h%C3%A9liosph%C3%A9rique" title="Observatoire solaire et héliosphérique">SoHO</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRACE" title="TRACE">TRACE</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuven_Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" title="Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">RHESSI</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> (2006)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Observatoire_de_la_dynamique_solaire" title="Observatoire de la dynamique solaire">SDO</a></span> (2010)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Parker_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Parker (sonde spatiale)">Parker</a></span> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarimeter_to_Unify_the_Corona_and_Heliosphere" title="Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere">PUNCH</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Mapping_and_Acceleration_Probe" title="Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe">IMAP</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Cosmologie et physique<br />fondamentale</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">COBE</a> (1989)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Gravity_Probe_B" title="Gravity Probe B">Gravity Probe B</a></span> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a> (2001)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Observation de la Terre</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Vanguard" title="Programme Vanguard">Vanguard</a> (1957–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Geophysical_Observatory" title="Orbiting Geophysical Observatory">OGO</a> (1964–1969)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Programme_ISEE" title="Programme ISEE">ISEE</a></span> (1977–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasat" title="Seasat">Seasat</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Atmosphere_Research_Satellite" title="Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite">UARS</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOPEX/Poseidon" title="TOPEX/Poseidon">TOPEX/Poseidon</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEOTAIL" title="GEOTAIL">GEOTAIL</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(satellite)" title="Wind (satellite)">WIND</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_(satellite)" title="Polar (satellite)">POLAR</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Rainfall_Measuring_Mission" title="Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission">TRMM</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_(satellite)" title="Terra (satellite)">Terra</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_Cavity_Radiometer_Irradiance_Monitor_Satellite" title="Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor Satellite">ACRIMSAT</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuikSCAT" title="QuikSCAT">QuikSCAT</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIMED" title="TIMED">TIMED</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-train_(satellite)" title="A-train (satellite)">A-train</a> (2002–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_(satellite)" title="Aqua (satellite)">Aqua</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOlar_Radiation_and_Climate_Experiment" title="SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment">SORCE</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICESat" title="ICESat">ICESat</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(satellite)" title="Aura (satellite)">Aura</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(satellite)" title="Jason (satellite)">Jason</a> (2001–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_Recovery_and_Climate_Experiment" title="Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment">GRACE</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CloudSat" title="CloudSat">CloudSat</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CALIPSO" title="CALIPSO">CALIPSO</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeronomy_of_Ice_in_the_Mesosphere" title="Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere">AIM</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glory_(satellite)" title="Glory (satellite)">GLORY</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAC-D" title="SAC-D">SAC-D</a> (2011)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Van_Allen_Probes" title="Van Allen Probes">Van Allen Probes</a></span> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Precipitation_Measurement_Core_Observatory" title="Global Precipitation Measurement Core Observatory">GPM</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMAP_(satellite)" title="SMAP (satellite)">SMAP</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetospheric_Multiscale_Mission" title="Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission">MMS</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_Recovery_and_Climate_Experiment" title="Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment">GRACE-FO</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionospheric_Connection_Explorer" title="Ionospheric Connection Explorer">ICON</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Water_Ocean_Topography" title="Surface Water Ocean Topography">SWOT</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PACE_(satellite)" title="PACE (satellite)">PACE</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA-ISRO_Synthetic_Aperture_Radar" title="NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar">NISAR</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandem_Reconnection_and_Cusp_Electrodynamics_Reconnaissance_Satellites" title="Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites">TRACERS</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geospace_Dynamics_Constellation" title="Geospace Dynamics Constellation">GDC</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAGIC_(satellite)" title="MAGIC (satellite)">MAGIC</a></li> <li>voir aussi <a href="/wiki/Classe_Earth_Venture" title="Classe Earth Venture">Classe Earth Venture</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Expériences scientifiques</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SPHERES" title="SPHERES">SPHERES</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectrom%C3%A8tre_magn%C3%A9tique_Alpha" title="Spectromètre magnétique Alpha">Spectromètre magnétique Alpha</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Ray_Energetics_and_Mass" title="Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass">CREAM</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_Star_Interior_Composition_Explorer" title="Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer">NICER</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global-scale_Observations_of_the_Limb_and_Disk" title="Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk">GOLD</a> (2018)</li> <li>voir aussi <a href="/wiki/Classe_Earth_Venture" title="Classe Earth Venture">Classe Earth Venture</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Satellites d'application</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Télécommunications</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(satellite)" title="Echo (satellite)">Echo</a> (1960–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courier_1B" title="Courier 1B">Courier 1B</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telstar_1" title="Telstar 1">Telstar 1</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relay_(satellite)" title="Relay (satellite)"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Relay</span></a> (1962–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncom" title="Syncom">Syncom</a> (1963–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_I" title="Intelsat I">Intelsat <abbr class="abbr" title="1"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span></abbr></a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westar" title="Westar">Westar 1</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marisat" title="Marisat">Marisat</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comstar" title="Comstar">Comstar</a> (1976–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satcom_(satellite)" title="Satcom (satellite)">Satcom</a> (1975–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracking_and_Data_Relay_Satellite" title="Tracking and Data Relay Satellite">TDRS</a> (1983–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridium_(t%C3%A9l%C3%A9phonie_par_satellite)" title="Iridium (téléphonie par satellite)">Iridium</a> (depuis 1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbcomm" title="Orbcomm">Orbcomm</a> (depuis 1995)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Globalstar" title="Globalstar">Globalstar</a></span> (depuis 1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneWeb" title="OneWeb">OneWeb</a> (depuis 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeoSat" title="LeoSat">LeoSat</a> (depuis 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink</a> (depuis 2019)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Météorologie</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_Infrared_Observation_Satellite" title="Television Infrared Observation Satellite">TIROS</a> (depuis 1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESSA-1" title="ESSA-1">ESSA-1</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronous_Meteorological_Satellite" title="Synchronous Meteorological Satellite">SMS</a> (1974–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geostationary_Operational_Environmental_Satellite" title="Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite">GOES</a> (depuis 1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeoXO" title="GeoXO">GeoXO</a> (2032)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Nimbus" title="Programme Nimbus">Nimbus</a> (1964–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOAA_POES" title="NOAA POES">NOAA POES</a> (1998–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suomi_NPP" title="Suomi NPP">Suomi NPP</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Global_Navigation_Satellite_System" title="Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System">CYGNSS</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Polar_Satellite_System" title="Joint Polar Satellite System">JPSS</a> (depuis 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Weather_Follow_On" title="Space Weather Follow On">Space Weather Follow On</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Observation de la Terre</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Landsat" title="Programme Landsat">Landsat</a> (depuis 1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DigitalGlobe" title="DigitalGlobe">DigitalGlobe</a> (depuis 1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbiting_Carbon_Observatory" title="Orbiting Carbon Observatory">OCO</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geostationary_Carbon_Cycle_Observatory" title="Geostationary Carbon Cycle Observatory">GeoCARB</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOS-Storm" title="AOS-Storm">AOS-Storm</a> (2029)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOS-Sky" title="AOS-Sky">AOS-Sky</a> (2031)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Technologie</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SERT-1" title="SERT-1">SERT-1</a> (1964–1970)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Applications_Technology_Satellite" title="Applications Technology Satellite">Applications Technology Satellite</a></span> (1966–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Observing-1" title="Earth Observing-1">EO-1</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_Communications_Relay_Demonstration" title="Laser Communications Relay Demonstration">LCRD</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Asteroid_Redirection_Test" title="Double Asteroid Redirection Test">DART</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restore-L" title="Restore-L">Restore-L</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Satellites militaires</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Reconnaissance</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corona_(satellite)" title="Corona (satellite)">Corona</a> (KH-1 à KH-4) (1959–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos_(satellite)" title="Samos (satellite)">Samos</a> (1960–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vela_(satellite)" title="Vela (satellite)">Vela</a> (1963–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Experimental_Satellite" title="Lincoln Experimental Satellite">LES</a> (1965–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_Hole" title="Key Hole">Key Hole</a> (KH-5 à KH-11) (1966–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KH-7" title="KH-7">KH-7</a> et <a href="/wiki/KH-8" title="KH-8">KH-8 Gambit</a> (1963–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KH-9" title="KH-9">KH-9 <span class="lang-en" lang="en">Hexagon</span></a> (1971–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Ocean_Surveillance_System" title="Naval Ocean Surveillance System">NOSS</a> (depuis 1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KH-11" title="KH-11">KH-11 Kennen/Crystal</a> (depuis 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse_(satellite)" title="Lacrosse (satellite)">Lacrosse</a> (1988–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Imagery_Architecture" title="Future Imagery Architecture">FIA Radar Topaz</a> (depuis 2010)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Écoute électronique</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_Radiation_and_Background" title="Galactic Radiation and Background">GRAB</a> (1960–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos-F" title="Samos-F">Samos-F</a> (1962–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_(satellite)" title="Poppy (satellite)">Poppy</a> (1962–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon_(satellite)" title="Canyon (satellite)">Canyon</a> (1968–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquacade_(satellite)" title="Aquacade (satellite)">Aquacade</a> (1970–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumpseat_(satellite)" title="Jumpseat (satellite)"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Jumpseat</span></a> (1971–1983)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Naval_Ocean_Surveillance_System" title="Naval Ocean Surveillance System">Naval Ocean Surveillance System</a></span> (depuis 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalet_(satellite)" title="Chalet (satellite)">Chalet</a> (1978–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnum_(satellite)" title="Magnum (satellite)">Magnum</a>/Orion (1985–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(satellite)" title="Mercury (satellite)"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Mercury</span></a> (1994–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentor_(satellite)" title="Mentor (satellite)">Mentor</a>/<span class="lang-en" lang="en">Advanced Orion</span> (depuis 1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpet_(satellite)" title="Trumpet (satellite)">Trumpet</a> (depuis 1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis_(satellite)" title="Nemesis (satellite)">Nemesis</a> (2009–2014)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SHARP_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SHARP (satellite) (page inexistante)">SHARP</a> (depuis 2014)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Alerte précoce</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Missile_Defense_Alarm_System" title="Missile Defense Alarm System">MIDAS</a> (1960–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Support_Program" title="Defense Support Program">DSP</a> (1970–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space-Based_Infrared_System" title="Space-Based Infrared System">SBIRS</a> (depuis 2011) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space-Based_Infrared_System" title="Space-Based Infrared System">SBIRS-GEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Tracking_and_Surveillance_System" title="Space Tracking and Surveillance System">STSS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SBIRS_HEO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SBIRS HEO (page inexistante)">SBIRS HEO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SBIRS-LADS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SBIRS-LADS (page inexistante)">SBIRS-LADS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_Field_of_View" title="Wide Field of View">WFOV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next-Generation_Overhead_Persistent_InfraRed" title="Next-Generation Overhead Persistent InfraRed">NG-OPIR</a> (2023-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracking_Layer" title="Tracking Layer">Tracking Layer</a> (2023-)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Navigation</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transit_(syst%C3%A8me_de_positionnement_par_satellites)" title="Transit (système de positionnement par satellites)">Transit</a> (1960–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SECOR" title="SECOR">SECOR</a> (1962–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">Navstar (GPS)</a> (depuis 1978)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Télécommunications</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Satellite_Communications_System" title="Defense Satellite Communications System">DSCS</a> (1970–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Data_System" title="Satellite Data System">SDS</a> (depuis 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Satellite_Communications_System" title="Fleet Satellite Communications System">FLTSATCOM</a> (1978–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncom" title="Syncom">Leasat</a> (1984–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UHF_Follow-On_System" title="UHF Follow-On System">UFO</a> (depuis 1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milstar" title="Milstar">Milstar</a> (1994–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wideband_Global_SATCOM" title="Wideband Global SATCOM">WGS</a> (depuis 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Extremely_High_Frequency" title="Advanced Extremely High Frequency">AEHF</a> (depuis 2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_User_Objective_System" title="Mobile User Objective System">MUOS</a> (depuis 2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_Broadcast_Augmenting_SATCOM" title="Continuous Broadcast Augmenting SATCOM">CBAS</a> (depuis 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolved_Strategic_Satellite" title="Evolved Strategic Satellite">ESS</a> (depuis 2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer" title="Transport Layer">Transport Layer</a> (2024-)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Météorologie</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Meteorological_Satellite_Program" title="Defense Meteorological Satellite Program">DMSP</a> (1962–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_System_Follow-on_Microwave" title="Weather System Follow-on Microwave">WSF-M</a> (2024-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro-Optical_Infrared_Weather_System" title="Electro-Optical Infrared Weather System">EWS</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Technologie</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MiTex" title="MiTex">MiTex</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TacSat" title="TacSat">TacSat</a> (depuis 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-37" title="Boeing X-37">X-37</a> (depuis 2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESPA_Augmented_Geostationary_Laboratory_Experiment" title="ESPA Augmented Geostationary Laboratory Experiment">EAGLE</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Surveillance de l'espace</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Based_Space_Surveillance" title="Space Based Space Surveillance">SBSS 1</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORS-5" title="ORS-5">ORS-5</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odyssey_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odyssey (satellite) (page inexistante)">Odyssey</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_Space_Situational_Awareness_Program" title="Geosynchronous Space Situational Awareness Program">GSSAP</a> (2014-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silentbarker" title="Silentbarker">Silentbarker</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Bases de lancement</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_spatial_Kennedy" title="Centre spatial Kennedy">Centre spatial Kennedy</a> (1962-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Base_de_lancement_de_Cap_Canaveral" title="Base de lancement de Cap Canaveral">Cap Canaveral</a> (1949-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base" title="Vandenberg Space Force Base">Vandenberg</a> (1941-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallops_Flight_Facility" title="Wallops Flight Facility"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Wallops Island</span></a> (1945-)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Spaceport_Complex_%E2%80%93_Alaska" title="Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska">Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska</a></span> (1998-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Regional_Spaceport" title="Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport">Mars</a> (1995-)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Spaceport_America" title="Spaceport America">Spaceport America</a></span> (2006-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Site_d%27essai_balistique_Ronald-Reagan" title="Site d'essai balistique Ronald-Reagan">Site d'essai balistique Ronald-Reagan</a> (1945-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starbase" title="SpaceX Starbase">Starbase</a> (2023-)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Établissements</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">NASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_spatial_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Centre spatial Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_de_recherche_Langley" title="Centre de recherche Langley">Langley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_de_vol_spatial_Marshall" title="Centre de vol spatial Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Neil_A._Armstrong_Flight_Research_Center" title="Neil A. Armstrong Flight Research Center">Neil A. Armstrong Flight Research Center</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">JPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ames_Research_Center" title="Ames Research Center">Ames</a></li> <li>su <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Research_Center" title="Glenn Research Center">Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddard_Space_Flight_Center" title="Goddard Space Flight Center">Goddard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stennis_Space_Center" title="Stennis Space Center">John C. Stennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_d%27assemblage_de_Michoud" title="Centre d'assemblage de Michoud">Michoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sands_Test_Facility" title="White Sands Test Facility">White Sands Test Facility</a></li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Network" title="Deep Space Network">Deep Space Network</a></span></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Programmes</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">En cours</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Artemis" title="Programme Artemis">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Development" title="Commercial Crew Development">CCDeV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services">COTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Discovery" title="Programme Discovery"><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Discovery</span></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Observing_System" title="Earth Observing System"><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Earth Observing System</span></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Earth_Science" title="NASA Earth Science">NASA Earth Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Explorer" title="Programme Explorer"><i>Explorer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_large_strategic_science_missions" title="NASA large strategic science missions"><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Flagship</span></i></a></li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Living_With_a_Star" title="Living With a Star">Living With a Star</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Lunar_Precursor_Robotic" title="Programme Lunar Precursor Robotic"><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Lunar Precursor Robotic</span></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_New_Frontiers" title="Programme New Frontiers"><i>New Frontiers</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Space_Technologies_for_Exploration_Partnerships" title="Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships">NextSTEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Solar_Power_Exploratory_Research_and_Technology_program" title="Space Solar Power Exploratory Research and Technology program">SERT</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Passés</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Apollo" title="Programme Apollo">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Constellation" title="Programme Constellation"><i>Constellation</i></a> (abandonné)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_des_Grands_Observatoires" title="Programme des Grands Observatoires">Grands observatoires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Grand_Tour" title="Programme Grand Tour">Grand Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Mars_Scout" title="Programme Mars Scout"><i>Mars Scout</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Mars_Surveyor" title="Programme Mars Surveyor">Mars Surveyor</a> (1996–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_New_Millennium" title="Programme New Millennium">New Millennium</a> (1998–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Planetary_Observer" title="Programme Planetary Observer"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Planetary Observer</span></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Articles liés</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">NACA</a> (1915–1958)</li> <li><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Act" title="National Aeronautics and Space Act">National Aeronautics and Space Act</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">X-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-33" title="Lockheed Martin X-33">X-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement_de_la_D%C3%A9fense_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Département de la Défense des États-Unis">Département de la Défense des États-Unis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insigne_de_mission_spatiale" title="Insigne de mission spatiale">Insigne de mission spatiale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reconnaissance_Office" title="National Reconnaissance Office">NRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency" title="National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency">NGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operationally_Responsive_Space_Office" title="Operationally Responsive Space Office">Operationally Responsive Space Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quindar_tones" title="Quindar tones">Quindar tones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale_analogique_Scott_Carpenter" title="Station spatiale analogique Scott Carpenter">Station spatiale analogique Scott Carpenter</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="2">La première date est celle du lancement du lancement (du premier lancement s'il y a plusieurs exemplaires). Lorsqu'elle existe la deuxième date indique la date de lancement du dernier exemplaire. Si d'autres exemplaires doivent lancés la deuxième date est remplacée par un -. Pour les engins spatiaux autres que les lanceurs les dates de fin de mission ne sont jamais fournies.</td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Astronautique" title="Portail de l’astronautique"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg/24px-Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg/36px-Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg/48px-Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Astronautique" title="Portail:Astronautique">Portail de l’astronautique</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Lune" title="Portail de la Lune"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Lune_ico.png/24px-Lune_ico.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Lune_ico.png/35px-Lune_ico.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Lune_ico.png/47px-Lune_ico.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1300" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Lune" title="Portail:Lune">Portail de la Lune</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory&oldid=217925191">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lunar_Receiving_Laboratory&oldid=217925191</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Centre_spatial_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Catégorie:Centre spatial Lyndon B. 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