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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logga in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fler alternativ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personliga verktyg" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personliga verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Användarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv"><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Aspiration+%28fonetik%29" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skapa konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Aspiration+%28fonetik%29" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Fonematisk_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonematisk_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Fonematisk status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonematisk_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_svenskan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_svenskan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>I svenskan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_svenskan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Källor-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Källor</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fotnoter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fotnoter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fotnoter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fotnoter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aspiration (fonetik)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 37 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="هائية – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="মহাপ্রাণ ও অল্পপ্রাণ ব্যঞ্জনধ্বনি – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মহাপ্রাণ ও অল্পপ্রাণ ব্যঞ্জনধ্বনি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%27hwezhadur_(yezhoniezh)" title="C'hwezhadur (yezhoniezh) – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="C'hwezhadur (yezhoniezh)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspiraci%C3%B3_(fon%C3%A8tica)" title="Aspiració (fonètica) – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aspiració (fonètica)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99%C3%ADdech" title="Přídech – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Přídech" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspiration_(fonetik)" title="Aspiration (fonetik) – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aspiration (fonetik)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspiration_(Phonetik)" title="Aspiration (Phonetik) – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aspiration (Phonetik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspiratsioon" title="Aspiratsioon – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aspiratsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Aspirated consonant" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspiraci%C3%B3n_(fon%C3%A9tica)" title="Aspiración (fonética) – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aspiración (fonética)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspiracio" title="Aspiracio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aspiracio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasperen_(fonetika)" title="Hasperen (fonetika) – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hasperen (fonetika)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspiration_(phon%C3%A9tique)" title="Aspiration (phonétique) – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aspiration (phonétique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirearre_konsonant" title="Aspirearre konsonant – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Aspirearre konsonant" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ennalaghey_(sheeanaghtys)" title="Ennalaghey (sheeanaghtys) – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ennalaghey (sheeanaghtys)" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EA%B8%B0%EC%9D%8C" title="유기음 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유기음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%B6%D5%B9%D5%A5%D5%B2_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B1%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Շնչեղ բաղաձայններ – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շնչեղ բաղաձայններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="महाप्राण और अल्पप्राण व्यंजन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="महाप्राण और अल्पप्राण व्यंजन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirasi_(linguistik)" title="Aspirasi (linguistik) – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aspirasi (linguistik)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirazione_(fonetica)" title="Aspirazione (fonetica) – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aspirazione (fonetica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D" title="עיצורים מנושפים – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיצורים מנושפים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ასპირატი – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ასპირატი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspiracija_(kalbotyra)" title="Aspiracija (kalbotyra) – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aspiracija (kalbotyra)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghembusan_(fonetik)" title="Penghembusan (fonetik) – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penghembusan (fonetik)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspiratie_(taalkunde)" title="Aspiratie (taalkunde) – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aspiratie (taalkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%97%E9%9F%B3" title="有気音 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="有気音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirasjon" title="Aspirasjon – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aspirasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przydech" title="Przydech – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przydech" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspira%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Aspiração – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aspiração" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Придыхание – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Придыхание" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aspirated consonant" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%B3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="وسرڳي اکر – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وسرڳي اکر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADdych_(fonetika)" title="Prídych (fonetika) – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prídych (fonetika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspiraatio_(fonetiikka)" title="Aspiraatio (fonetiikka) – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aspiraatio (fonetiikka)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Придих – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Придих" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3" title="送氣 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="送氣" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3" title="送氣 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="送氣" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q320433#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(fonetik)" title="Visa 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><p><b>Aspiration</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> <i>aspiratio</i>, av <i>aspiro</i> ’andas ut’, ’blåsa’) är ett lätt <a href="/wiki/Brus" title="Brus">brus</a> som uppstår när luft strömmar genom <a href="/wiki/Glottis" class="mw-redirect" title="Glottis">glottis</a> och ett öppet <a href="/wiki/Ansatsr%C3%B6r" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansatsrör">ansatsrör</a> före eller efter ett <a href="/wiki/Konsonant" title="Konsonant">konsonantljud</a>. Överlägset vanligast förekommande är det senare (<i>postaspiration</i>), men i <a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A4ndska" title="Isländska">isländska</a> förekommer även det förra (<i>preaspiration</i>). Oftast är det <a href="/wiki/Klusil" title="Klusil">klusiler</a> och <a href="/wiki/Affrikata" title="Affrikata">affrikator</a> som aspireras. <a href="/wiki/Internationella_fonetiska_alfabetet" title="Internationella fonetiska alfabetet">IPA</a>-symbolen för tonlös aspiration är ett upphöjt <a href="/wiki/Tonl%C3%B6s_glottal_frikativa" title="Tonlös glottal frikativa">h</a>: [ʰ]; den tonande varianten är [ʱ], ett upphöjt <a href="/wiki/Tonande_glottal_frikativa" title="Tonande glottal frikativa">ɦ</a>. Tonande konsonanter får i regel en tonande aspiration, exempelvis hindibokstäverna ख /kʰə/ mot घ /gʱə/. Graden av aspiration i initiala klusiler kan mätas genom att man mäter <i><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A4mtonslatens" title="Stämtonslatens">stämtonslatensen</a></i>, denna är längre i aspirerade än oaspirerade klusiler.<sup id="cite_ref-Engstrand_2007,_s._49_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engstrand_2007,_s._49-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonematisk_status">Fonematisk status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspiration_(fonetik)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Fonematisk status" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspiration_(fonetik)&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Fonematisk status"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aspiration förekommer ofta i tal, men är inte <a href="/wiki/Fonematisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Fonematisk">fonematisk</a> i de flesta språk, som <a href="/wiki/Svenska" title="Svenska">svenska</a>. I det <a href="/wiki/Indoeuropeiska" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoeuropeiska">indoeuropeiska</a> urspråket hade aspiration fonematisk betydelse, vilket försvunnit genom ljudförändringar i de flesta språk, men bevarats i <a href="/wiki/Indoariska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Indoariska språk">indoariska språk</a> som <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">hindi</a> (se även <a href="/wiki/Grimms_lag" title="Grimms lag">Grimms lag</a>). Ytterligare språk där aspiration har fonematisk betydelse är <a href="/wiki/Kinesiska" title="Kinesiska">kinesiska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Me%C3%A4nkieli" title="Meänkieli">meänkieli</a> och <a href="/wiki/Thail%C3%A4ndska" class="mw-redirect" title="Thailändska">thailändska</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I_svenskan">I svenskan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspiration_(fonetik)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: I svenskan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspiration_(fonetik)&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: I svenskan"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I svenskan aspireras tonlösa klusiler, /p, t, k/, i normalfallet i början av ord utom om de omedelbart föregås av /s/.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Exempel: </p> <ul><li>med aspiration: [pʰi:k] ”pik”,</li> <li>utan aspiration: [spi:k] ”spik”.</li></ul> <p>I ord som "pipa" kan den andra klusilen ha en preaspiration, [pʰi:ʰpa].<sup id="cite_ref-Engstrand_2007,_s._49_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engstrand_2007,_s._49-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspiration_(fonetik)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspiration_(fonetik)&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fotnoter">Fotnoter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspiration_(fonetik)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Fotnoter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspiration_(fonetik)&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Fotnoter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Engstrand_2007,_s._49-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Engstrand_2007,_s._49_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Engstrand_2007,_s._49_1-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Engstrand (2007), s. 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Engstrand (2004). s. 129</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspiration_(fonetik)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspiration_(fonetik)&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Litteratur"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Engstrand, Olle (2007). <i>Fonetik light: kortfattad ljudlära för språkstudier och uttalsundervisning.</i> 1. uppl. Lund: Studentlitteratur</li> <li>Engstrand, Olle (2004). <i>Fonetikens grunder</i>, Lund: Studentlitteratur</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aspiration_(fonetik)&oldid=33187291">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aspiration_(fonetik)&oldid=33187291</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Fonetik" title="Kategori:Fonetik">Fonetik</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 22 februari 2016 kl. 18.17.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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