Genocide Studies Program

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#" data-group-id="11" data-theme="macmillan"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-KSGPSBSS'); </script> <style>/* @see https://github.com/aFarkas/lazysizes#broken-image-symbol */.js img.lazyload:not([src]) { visibility: hidden; }/* @see https://github.com/aFarkas/lazysizes#automatically-setting-the-sizes-attribute */.js img.lazyloaded[data-sizes=auto] { display: block; width: 100%; }</style> <meta name="description" content="srebrenica.jpgFounded in January 1998 to expand the work begun in 1994 by Yale University’s Cambodian Genocide Program, the Genocide Studies Program at Yale’s MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies conducts research, seminars and conferences on comparative, interdisciplinary, and policy issues relating to the phenomenon of genocide, and has provided training to researchers from afflicted regions, including Cambodia, Rwanda, and East Timor." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://macmillan.yale.edu/gsp" /> <link rel="image_src" href="https://macmillan.yale.edu/sites/default/files/styles/social_share/public/2024-06/srebrenica.jpg.webp?itok=_X8z_a2H" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://macmillan.yale.edu/gsp" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Genocide Studies Program" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Founded in January 1998 to expand the work begun in 1994 by Yale University’s Cambodian Genocide Program, the Genocide Studies Program at Yale’s MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies conducts research, seminars and conferences on comparative, interdisciplinary, and policy issues relating to the phenomenon of genocide, and has provided training to researchers from afflicted regions, including Cambodia, Rwanda, and East Timor." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://macmillan.yale.edu/sites/default/files/styles/social_share/public/2024-06/srebrenica.jpg.webp?itok=_X8z_a2H" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/sites/default/files/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/sites/default/files/favicons/favicon-32x32.png"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/sites/default/files/favicons/favicon-16x16.png"/> <link rel="manifest" href="/sites/default/files/favicons/site.webmanifest"/> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/sites/default/files/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"/> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"/> <meta name="favicon-generator" content="Drupal responsive_favicons + realfavicongenerator.net" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "EducationalOrganization", "additionalType": "CollegeOrUniversity", "@id": "https://macmillan.yale.edu", "url": "https://macmillan.yale.edu", "name": "MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale" }, { "@type": "WebSite", "@id": "https://macmillan.yale.edu/", "name": "MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale", "url": "https://macmillan.yale.edu/" } ] }</script> <style>a,abbr,address,area,article,aside,audio,b,blockquote,body,button,canvas,caption,cite,col,colgroup,data,datalist,dd,details,dialog,div,dl,dt,em,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hr,html,i,iframe,img,input,label,legend,li,main,map,nav,object,ol,optgroup,option,output,p,picture,pre,q,section,select,small,source,span,strong,sub,summary,sup,svg,table,tbody,td,template,textarea,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,track,u,ul,video{background:transparent;border:0;font-size:100%;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline}*,:after,:before{box-sizing:border-box}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html:focus-within{scroll-behavior:auto}*,:after,:before{animation-duration:.01ms!important;animation-iteration-count:1!important;scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition-duration:.01ms!important}}:root{--safe-area-inline:clamp(1.33rem,0.3861401369rem + 4.7192993155vw,4.1615795893rem);--main-menu-mq:min-width:64em}body{background-color:var(--bg-color);color:var(--text--color);font-family:Mallory,Gill Sans,Gill Sans MT,Calibri,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.2;margin:0 auto;max-width:1440px;padding-left:var(--safe-area-inline);padding-right:var(--safe-area-inline);width:100%}details summary{align-items:var(--summary--align-items,center);background-color:var(--summary--bg-color,transparent);color:var(--summary--color);cursor:var(--summary--cursor,pointer);display:var(--summary--display,inline-flex);font-family:var(--summary--font-family);font-size:var(--summary--font-size);font-style:var(--summary--font-style);font-weight:var(--summary--font-weight);line-height:var(--summary--line-height,1);margin:var(--summary--margin,0);outline:var(--summary--outline--width,0) var(--summary--outline--style,solid) var(--summary--outline--color,currentColor);outline-offset:var(--summary--outline-offset,4px);padding:var(--summary--padding,0);pointer-events:var(--summary--pointer-events,all);position:relative;text-transform:var(--summary--text-transform);transition:var(--summary--transition,all .2s ease-in-out)}details summary::-webkit-details-marker,details summary::marker{content:"";display:none}details summary:focus-visible{--summary--outline--width:5px}details summary:focus,details summary:hover{color:var(--summary--color--active,var(--summary--color))}details[open] summary{margin:var(--summary--margin--open,var(--summary--margin))}figure{display:var(--figure--display,block);height:var(--figure--height,auto);width:var(--figure--width,auto)}figure:has(figcaption){--figure--display:table}figure figcaption{--p--font-family:YaleNew,TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,Baskerville,Georgia,serif;--p--font-size:0.7518796992rem;--p--margin:0.5em 0 0 0;caption-side:var(--figcaption--caption-side,bottom);display:var(--figcaption--display,table-caption)}hr{border:var(--hr--border-width,1px) var(--hr--border-style,solid) var(--hr--border-color,var(--border--color));margin:var(--hr--margin,.5em 0);transform:scaleY(.5)}html{font-size:112.5%;scroll-behavior:smooth}strong{font-weight:700}svg{display:var(--svg--display,block);height:var(--svg--height);margin:var(--svg--margin);max-width:var(--svg--max-width);width:var(--svg--width)}svg path{fill:var(--svg--path--fill,currentColor);transition:var(--svg--path--transition,all .2s ease-in-out)}a{color:var(--a--color);cursor:pointer;display:var(--a--display,inline-block);font-family:var(--a--font-family);font-size:var(--a--font-size);font-style:var(--a--font-style);font-weight:var(--a--font-weight);letter-spacing:var(--a--letter-spacing);line-height:var(--a--line-height);margin:var(--a--margin,0);outline:var(--a--outline--width,0) solid var(--a--outline--color,currentColor);outline-offset:4px;padding:var(--a--padding,0);pointer-events:var(--a--pointer-events,all);position:var(--a--position,relative);text-decoration-line:var(--a--text-decoration-line,none);text-decoration-thickness:var(--a--text-decoration-thickness,1px);text-transform:var(--a--text-transform);text-underline-offset:var(--a--text-underline-offset,.25em);transition:var(--a--transition,all .2s ease-in-out);width:var(--a--width)}a:focus-visible{--a--outline--width:5px}a:focus,a:hover{color:var(--a--color--active,var(--a--color,currentColor));text-decoration-line:var(--a--text-decoration-line--active,var(--a--text-decoration-line,none));text-underline-offset:var(--a--text-underline-offset--active,var(--a--text-underline-offset,.25em))}h1 a,h2 a,h3 a,h4 a{--a--text-decoration-thickness:2px;--a--text-decoration-line--active:underline;--a--text-underline-offset--active:0.125em}h1,h2,h3,h4{color:var(--heading--color);font-family:var(--heading--font-family,Mallory,Gill Sans,Gill Sans MT,Calibri,Arial,sans-serif);font-size:var(--heading--font-size);font-style:var(--heading--font-style);font-weight:var(--heading--font-weight,400);line-height:var(--heading--line-height);margin-bottom:var(--heading--margin-bottom);margin-top:var(--heading--margin-top);text-transform:var(--heading--text-transform);transition:var(--heading--transition,all .2s ease-in-out)}h1:first-child,h2:first-child,h3:first-child,h4:first-child{--heading--margin-top:0}h1 a,h2 a,h3 a,h4 a{--a--font-family:Mallory,Gill Sans,Gill Sans MT,Calibri,Arial,sans-serif;--a--font-style:italic;--a--font-weight:700}h1{--heading--font-family:YaleNew,TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,Baskerville,Georgia,serif;--heading--font-size:var(--h1--font-size,clamp(2.352637rem,2.09384693rem + 1.29395035vw,3.12900721rem));--heading--line-height:1.15}h2{--heading--font-family:YaleNew,TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,Baskerville,Georgia,serif;--heading--font-size:var(--h2--font-size,clamp(1.33rem,0.989121rem + 1.704395vw,2.352637rem));--heading--line-height:1.26}h3{--heading--font-size:var(--h3--font-size,1.33rem);--heading--line-height:1.333}h4{--heading--font-size:var(--h4--font-size,1rem);--heading--line-height:1.78}p{color:var(--text--color);display:var(--p--display,block);font-family:var(--p--font-family);font-size:var(--p--font-size);font-style:var(--p--font-style);font-weight:var(--p--font-weight);line-height:var(--p--line-height,1.6);margin:var(--p--margin,0 0 1em 0);max-width:var(--p--max-width,80ch);padding:var(--p--padding,0)}p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}blockquote{--_blockquote--icon--size:var(--blockquote--icon--size,70px);--_blockquote--icon--inset-x:var(--blockquote--icon--inset-x,10px);--_blockquote--icon--offset-x:var(--blockquote--icon--offset-x,31.8402px);--p--font-family:YaleNew,TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,Baskerville,Georgia,serif;--p--font-style:italic;--p--line-height:1.333;--p--font-size:clamp(1.33rem,1.1837rem + 0.7315vw,1.7689rem);margin-bottom:var(--blockquote--margin-bottom);margin-left:calc(var(--_blockquote--icon--offset-x) + var(--_blockquote--icon--size));position:relative;transform:translateX(calc(var(--_blockquote--icon--inset-x)*-1))}blockquote:before{aspect-ratio:1/1;background-color:var(--text--color,currentColor);content:"";left:calc((var(--_blockquote--icon--offset-x) + var(--_blockquote--icon--size))*-1);-webkit-mask-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);mask-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);-webkit-mask-position:var(--_blockquote--icon--inset-x) center;mask-position:var(--_blockquote--icon--inset-x) center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;position:absolute;width:var(--_blockquote--icon--size)}blockquote p:after{content:"”"}[role=button],button,input[type=submit]{background-color:var(--button--bg-color);border:var(--button--border--width,0) var(--button--border--style,solid) var(--button--border--color);border-radius:var(--button--border-radius,0);color:var(--button--color);cursor:var(--button--cursor,pointer);display:var(--button--display,var(--display,inline-block));font-family:var(--button--font-family);font-size:var(--button--font-size);font-style:var(--button--font-style);font-weight:var(--button--font-weight);line-height:var(--button--line-height,1);margin:var(--button--margin,0);outline:var(--button--outline--width,0) solid var(--button--outline--color,currentColor);outline-offset:4px;padding:var(--button--padding,0);text-align:var(--button--text-align);text-transform:var(--button--text-transform);transition:var(--button--transition,all .2s ease-in-out);width:var(--button--width)}[role=button]:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,input[type=submit]:focus-visible{--button--outline--width:5px}[role=button]:focus,[role=button]:hover,button:focus,button:hover,input[type=submit]:focus,input[type=submit]:hover{background-color:var(--button--bg-color--hover,var(--button--bg-color));color:var(--button--color--hover,var(--button--color,currentColor))}img{display:var(--img--display,block);height:var(--img--height,auto);max-width:var(--img--max-width,100%);-o-object-fit:var(--img--object-fit,initial);object-fit:var(--img--object-fit,initial);position:var(--img--position);width:var(--img--width,auto)}table{border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:auto}table td,table th{padding-block:13.5338345865px;text-align:left}table td:not(:first-child),table th:not(:first-child){padding-inline:13.5338345865px}table td:first-child,table th:first-child{padding-right:13.5338345865px}table th{color:var(--text--color);font-family:Mallory,Gill Sans,Gill Sans MT,Calibri,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:900}table td{border-top:1px solid var(--border--color);color:var(--text--color--deemphasis)}table:last-child{margin-bottom:0}dl{display:var(--dl--display,block);line-height:var(--dl--line-height);margin:var(--dl--margin,0);padding:var(--dl--padding,2em)}dl dt{display:var(--dt--display);font-family:var(--dt--font-family);font-size:var(--dt--font-size);font-weight:var(--dt--font-weight);margin:var(--dt--margin,0);padding:var(--dt--padding,0)}dl dd{display:var(--dd--display);font-family:var(--dd--font-family);font-size:var(--dd--font-size);font-weight:var(--dd--font-weight);margin:var(--dd--margin,0);padding:var(--dd--padding,2em)}ol,ul{display:var(--list--display,block);line-height:var(--list--line-height,1.6);margin:var(--list--margin,1em 0);padding:var(--list--padding,0 0 0 2em)}ol[class],ul[class]{--list--margin:0;--list--padding:0;--li--style-type:none;--list--line-height:1}ol li,ul li{list-style-type:var(--li--style-type);margin:var(--li--margin,0);padding:var(--li--padding,0)}ol li::marker,ul li::marker{color:var(--li--marker-color);font-family:var(--li--marker-font-family);font-size:var(--li--marker-font-size);font-weight:var(--li--marker-font-weight)}ul{--li--style-type:disc}ol{--li--style-type:decimal}:is(h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6)+:is(h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6){--heading--margin-top:0}form button[type=submit]:before{aspect-ratio:1/1;background-color:var(--icon-embed--bg-color,currentColor);content:"";display:var(--icon-embed--display,inline-block);margin-inline:var(--icon-embed--margin-inline);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-embed--mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-embed--mask-image);-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;min-width:var(--icon-embed--min-width,1em);transition:all .1s ease-in-out;translate:var(--icon-embed--translate,0 0)}form button[type=submit]{background-color:var(--cta-style--bg-color);border:var(--cta-style--border-width,0) solid var(--cta-style--border-color,transparent);border-radius:var(--cta-style--border-radius,0 100vw 100vw 0);color:var(--cta-style--color);display:inline-block;font-family:Mallory,Gill Sans,Gill Sans MT,Calibri,Arial,sans-serif;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;outline:var(--cta-style--outline--width,0) solid var(--cta-style--outline--color);outline-offset:4px;padding-block:var(--cta-style--padding-block,.5em);padding-inline:var(--cta-style--padding-inline,2.5em 2em);position:relative;text-decoration:none;transition:all .1s ease-in-out}form button[type=submit]:before{--icon-embed--mask-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCA1MTIgNTEyIj48IS0tIUZvbnQgQXdlc29tZSBQcm8gNi41LjIgYnkgQGZvbnRhd2Vzb21lIC0gaHR0cHM6Ly9mb250YXdlc29tZS5jb20gTGljZW5zZSAtIGh0dHBzOi8vZm9udGF3ZXNvbWUuY29tL2xpY2Vuc2UgKENvbW1lcmNpYWwgTGljZW5zZSkgQ29weXJpZ2h0IDIwMjQgRm9udGljb25zLCBJbmMuLS0+PHBhdGggZD0ibTQ5NSAyNzMgMTctMTctMTctMTctMTM2LTEzNi0xNy0xNy0zMy45IDM0IDE3IDE3IDk1IDk1SDB2NDhoNDIwLjFsLTk1IDk1LTE3IDE3IDMzLjkgMzMuOSAxNy0xN3oiLz48L3N2Zz4=);--icon-embed--translate:0 -50%;left:var(--cta-style--before--left,1em);position:absolute;top:50%}form button[type=submit]:focus-within{--cta-style--outline--width:5px}form button[type=submit]:focus-within,form button[type=submit]:hover{background-color:var(--cta-style--bg-color--active,var(--cta-style--bg-color));border-color:var(--cta-style--border-color--active,var(--cta-style--border-color));color:var(--cta-style--color--active,var(--cta-style--color));padding-inline:var(--cta-style--padding-inline--active,1em 3.5em)}form button[type=submit]:focus-within:before,form button[type=submit]:hover:before{left:var(--cta-style--before--left--active,calc(100% - 2em))}form button[type=submit]{--cta-style--bg-color:var(--cta-primary--bg-color);--cta-style--bg-color--active:var(--cta-primary--bg-color--active);--cta-style--color:var(--cta-primary--color);--cta-style--color--active:var(--cta-primary--color--active);--cta-style--outline--color:var(--cta-primary--bg-color--active);font-size:clamp(1rem,.89rem + .55vw,1.33rem)}form{display:var(--form--display,grid);font-family:Mallory,Gill Sans,Gill Sans MT,Calibri,Arial,sans-serif;gap:var(--form--gap,23.94px);margin:var(--form--margin,0);padding:var(--form--padding,0)}form input[type=date],form input[type=email],form input[type=file],form input[type=month],form input[type=number],form input[type=password],form input[type=search],form input[type=tel],form input[type=text],form input[type=url],form textarea{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border--color);color:var(--text--color);display:block;font-family:inherit;outline:0;padding-block:13.5338345865px;width:var(--form-input--width,100%)}form input[type=date]:invalid,form input[type=email]:invalid,form input[type=file]:invalid,form input[type=month]:invalid,form input[type=number]:invalid,form input[type=password]:invalid,form input[type=search]:invalid,form input[type=tel]:invalid,form input[type=text]:invalid,form input[type=url]:invalid,form textarea:invalid{box-shadow:none}form input[type=date]:focus-visible,form input[type=email]:focus-visible,form input[type=file]:focus-visible,form input[type=month]:focus-visible,form input[type=number]:focus-visible,form input[type=password]:focus-visible,form input[type=search]:focus-visible,form input[type=tel]:focus-visible,form input[type=text]:focus-visible,form input[type=url]:focus-visible,form textarea:focus-visible{--form-input--outline--width:5px}form input[type=date]::-moz-placeholder,form input[type=email]::-moz-placeholder,form input[type=file]::-moz-placeholder,form input[type=month]::-moz-placeholder,form input[type=number]::-moz-placeholder,form input[type=password]::-moz-placeholder,form input[type=search]::-moz-placeholder,form input[type=tel]::-moz-placeholder,form input[type=text]::-moz-placeholder,form input[type=url]::-moz-placeholder,form textarea::-moz-placeholder{color:var(--text--color--deemphasis)}form input[type=date]::placeholder,form input[type=email]::placeholder,form input[type=file]::placeholder,form input[type=month]::placeholder,form input[type=number]::placeholder,form input[type=password]::placeholder,form input[type=search]::placeholder,form input[type=tel]::placeholder,form input[type=text]::placeholder,form input[type=url]::placeholder,form textarea::placeholder{color:var(--text--color--deemphasis)}form textarea{--form-input--overflow:auto;resize:vertical}form select{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border--color);color:var(--text--color);display:display;font-family:inherit;outline:0;padding-block:13.5338345865px;width:var(--form-input--width,100%)}form input[type=date]{--form-input--width:auto}form label{color:var(--text--color);cursor:pointer;font-family:Mallory,Gill Sans,Gill Sans MT,Calibri,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.7518796992rem}form label:has(+[required]):after{color:currentColor;content:"*";margin-left:.25em}input[type=checkbox]{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;border:1px solid var(--form-input--cbr);cursor:pointer;display:inline-grid;height:1em;outline:0;place-content:center;transform:translateY(-.075em);width:1em}input[type=checkbox]:before{box-shadow:inset 1em 1em var(--form-input--cbr);-webkit-clip-path:polygon(14% 44%,0 65%,50% 100%,100% 16%,80% 0,43% 62%);clip-path:polygon(14% 44%,0 65%,50% 100%,100% 16%,80% 0,43% 62%);content:"";height:.65em;transform:scale(0);transform-origin:bottom left;transition:transform .12s ease-in-out;width:.65em}input[type=checkbox]:checked:before{transform:scale(1)}input[type=checkbox]+label{margin-left:.25em}input[type=radio]{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;border:1px solid var(--form-input--cbr);border-radius:50%;cursor:pointer;display:inline-grid;height:1em;outline:0;place-content:center;transform:translateY(-.075em);width:1em}input[type=radio]:before{border-radius:50%;box-shadow:inset .5em .5em var(--form-input--cbr);content:"";height:.5em;transform:scale(0);transform-origin:center;transition:transform .12s ease-in-out;width:.5em}input[type=radio]:checked:before{transform:scale(1)}input[type=radio]+label{margin-left:.25em}</style> <style>[data-group-id="1"] .branding-block .branding-block__site-name{--a--color:#101f5b;--a--color--active:#101f5b}.branding-block__group-name,.branding-block__site-name{--a--color:#222;--a--color--active:#222}.branding-block{align-items:last baseline;color:var(--branding-block--color,#222);-moz-column-gap:31.8402px;column-gap:31.8402px;display:grid;grid-template-areas:var(--branding-block--gtc,"site-name" "group-name");grid-template-columns:1fr;grid-template-rows:1fr min-content}.branding-block__site-name{--a--font-family:YaleNew,TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,Baskerville,Georgia,serif;color:var(--branding-block--site-name--color,#4a4a4a);font-size:var(--branding-block--site-name--font-size);grid-area:site-name}.branding-block__group-name{align-self:end;color:#222;display:var(--bradning-block--group-name--display,block);font-family:Mallory,Gill Sans,Gill Sans MT,Calibri,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:var(--branding-block--group-name--font-size,clamp(1rem,.89rem + .55vw,1.33rem));font-weight:700;grid-area:group-name}[data-group-id="1"] .branding-block{--branding-block--logo--fill:#101f5b;--branding-block--color:var(--text--color);--branding-block--site-name--font-size:clamp(1rem,0.549121rem + 2.254395vw,2.352637rem);--branding-block--site-name--color:#101f5b;--bradning-block--group-name--display:none;--branding-block--gtc:"site-name"}.branding-block.branding-block--group-homepage{--branding-block--site-name--font-size:clamp(1rem,0.549121rem + 2.254395vw,2.352637rem);--branding-block--group-name--font-size:clamp(1rem,0.29033093rem + 3.54834535vw,3.12900721rem)}@media(width > 40em){.branding-block.branding-block--group-homepage{--branding-block--gtc:"site-name" "group-name"}}</style> <style>.site-header{margin-left:calc(-50vw + 50% - var(--scrollbar-width, 0px)/2*-1);margin-right:calc(-50vw + 50% - var(--scrollbar-width, 0px)/2*-1)}.site-header__content{margin:0 auto;max-width:1440px;padding-left:var(--safe-area-inline);padding-right:var(--safe-area-inline)}.site-header{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border--color);padding-block:23.94px}.site-header__content{display:grid;row-gap:7.6509890816px}.site-header__branding{grid-column:2/-1;grid-row:2}.site-header__header-menu{display:var(--site-header-header-menu-display,none);grid-column:var(--site-header-header-menu-grid-column,1/-1);grid-row:var(--site-header-header-menu-grid-row,1);justify-self:var(--site-header-header-menu-justify-self)}.site-header__group-menu{display:var(--site-header-group-menu-display,none);grid-column:var(--site-header-group-menu-grid-column,1/-1);grid-row:var(--site-header-group-menu-grid-row,3)}.site-header__menu-toggle{grid-column:var(--site-header-menu-toggle-grid-column);grid-row:var(--site-header-menu-toggle-grid-row,1);justify-self:end}.site-header__menu-dialog{background:var(--bg-color--highlight);display:var(--site-header-menu-dialog-display,grid);grid-auto-rows:max-content;height:100vh;max-height:unset;max-width:unset;padding:31.8402px;scrollbar-color:var(--cta-secondary--color) transparent;scrollbar-width:thin;width:100vw}.site-header__menu-dialog[open]{--site-header-menu-toggle-grid-row:1;--site-header-header-menu-display:block;--site-header-header-menu-grid-row:2;--group-menu--submenu--position:static;--group-menu--submenu-caret--display:none;gap:18px;--site-header-group-menu-display:block}.site-header__menu-dialog[open] .menu--header{border-bottom:1px solid;flex-direction:column;gap:13.5338345865px;padding-bottom:18px}.site-header__menu-dialog:not([open]){--site-header-menu-dialog-display:contents}.site-header__group-archive-banner{margin-bottom:-31.8402px;margin-top:31.8402px}@media(width >= 64em){.site-header{--site-header-header-menu-justify-self:end;--site-header-header-menu-display:block;--site-header-group-menu-display:block}.site-header__menu-toggle{display:none}.site-header__menu-dialog{display:contents}}</style> <style>.site-main{position:relative}</style> <style>.block-main-menu[aria-hidden=false]{display:block}.block-main-menu[aria-hidden=true]{display:none}</style> <style>.main-menu-toggle{display:var(--main-menu-toggle--display);height:21px;max-width:26px;min-width:26px}.main-menu-toggle span{color:var(--main-menu-toggle--color,#222);display:block;position:relative;width:75%}.main-menu-toggle span,.main-menu-toggle span:after,.main-menu-toggle span:before{background-color:currentColor;border-radius:100vw/100vw;height:2px;transition:all .2s ease-in-out}.main-menu-toggle span:after,.main-menu-toggle span:before{content:"";position:absolute;right:-25%;width:100%}.main-menu-toggle span:before{top:-8.5px}.main-menu-toggle span:after{bottom:-8.5px}.main-menu-toggle[aria-expanded=true] span{background:transparent;width:100%}.main-menu-toggle[aria-expanded=true] span:before{rotate:45deg;top:0}.main-menu-toggle[aria-expanded=true] span:after{bottom:0;rotate:-45deg}@media(min-width:64em){.main-menu-toggle{--main-menu-toggle--display:none}}</style> <style>.group-archive-banner{margin-left:calc(-50vw + 50% - var(--scrollbar-width, 0px)/2*-1);margin-right:calc(-50vw + 50% - var(--scrollbar-width, 0px)/2*-1)}.group-archive-banner__content{margin:0 auto;max-width:1440px;padding-left:var(--safe-area-inline);padding-right:var(--safe-area-inline)}.group-archive-banner__heading a{--a--text-decoration-thickness:2px;--a--text-decoration-line--active:underline;--a--text-underline-offset--active:0.125em}.group-archive-banner__heading{color:var(--heading--color);font-family:var(--heading--font-family,Mallory,Gill Sans,Gill Sans MT,Calibri,Arial,sans-serif);font-size:var(--heading--font-size);font-style:var(--heading--font-style);font-weight:var(--heading--font-weight,400);line-height:var(--heading--line-height);margin-bottom:var(--heading--margin-bottom);margin-top:var(--heading--margin-top);text-transform:var(--heading--text-transform);transition:var(--heading--transition,all .2s ease-in-out)}.group-archive-banner__heading:first-child{--heading--margin-top:0}.group-archive-banner__heading a{--a--font-family:Mallory,Gill Sans,Gill Sans MT,Calibri,Arial,sans-serif;--a--font-style:italic;--a--font-weight:700}.group-archive-banner__heading{--heading--font-size:var(--h3--font-size,1.33rem);--heading--line-height:1.333;--heading--color:var(--text--color)}.group-archive-banner{background-color:#222;color:#fff;padding-block:56.32212978px;text-align:center}.group-archive-banner__heading{--heading--font-weight:700;--heading--color:#fff}.group-archive-banner__heading span{text-wrap:nowrap}.group-archive-banner__text{margin-top:.5em}</style> <style>.animation-banner{margin-left:calc(-50vw + 50% - var(--scrollbar-width, 0px)/2*-1);margin-right:calc(-50vw + 50% - var(--scrollbar-width, 0px)/2*-1)}.animation-banner__content{margin:0 auto;max-width:1440px;padding-left:var(--safe-area-inline);padding-right:var(--safe-area-inline)}.animation-banner__cta-toggle{--_toggle-weight:1px;--_toggle-size:1rem;display:inline-block;margin-left:calc(var(--_toggle-size)*.5);position:relative;translate:0 -.125rem;width:calc(var(--_toggle-size)*.5)}.animation-banner__cta-toggle:after,.animation-banner__cta-toggle:before{background-color:var(--toggle-color,currentColor);border-bottom:var(--_toggle-weight) solid var(--toggle-color,currentColor);border-top:var(--_toggle-weight) solid var(--toggle-color,currentColor);content:"";display:block;height:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:var(--toggle-top,calc(50% - var(--_toggle-weight)));transition:all .2s ease-in-out,transform .2s ease-in-out .2s;width:100%}.animation-banner__cta-toggle:before{transform:translate(calc(-75% + var(--_toggle-weight)),calc(var(--_toggle-weight)*.5)) rotate(45deg);transform-origin:right top}.animation-banner__cta-toggle:after{transform:translate(calc(25% + var(--_toggle-weight)*-.25)) rotate(-45deg);transform-origin:left bottom}[open] .animation-banner__cta-toggle:before{transform:translate(calc(-100% + var(--_toggle-weight)),calc(var(--_toggle-size)*-.5 - var(--_toggle-weight)*-.5)) rotate(-45deg)}[open] .animation-banner__cta-toggle:after{transform:translate(calc(var(--_toggle-weight)*-.25),calc(var(--_toggle-size)*-.5)) rotate(45deg)}.animation-banner{--animation-banner-media--border-radius:2000px 2000px 0 0;--summary--align-items:baseline;--button--bg-color:var(--bg-color--accent);--button--color:var(--text--color);--button--font-family:Mallory,Gill Sans,Gill Sans MT,Calibri,Arial,sans-serif;--button--outline--color:var(--bg-color--inverted);--button--padding:23.94px;background:var(--bg-color);overflow-x:clip}.animation-banner__body{grid-column:1/-1}@media(width > 48em){.animation-banner__body{grid-column-end:span 6}}@media(width > 64em){.animation-banner__body{grid-column-end:span 4}}.animation-banner__content{align-items:stretch;display:grid;gap:31.8402px;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);min-height:min(65dvh,40.7447195232rem)}@media(width > 48em){.animation-banner__content{align-items:center;grid-template-columns:repeat(12,1fr)}}@media(width > 64em){.animation-banner__content{align-items:stretch}}.animation-banner__cta{align-self:start;display:flex;grid-column:1/-1;grid-row:3;position:relative;z-index:10}@media(width > 48em){.animation-banner__cta{grid-column:1/span 6;justify-content:start}}@media(width > 64em){.animation-banner__cta{grid-column:1/span 4}}.animation-banner__cta [open] summary{--button--bg-color:var(--bg-color--inverted);--button--color:var(--text--color--inverted);border-radius:0}.animation-banner__cta [open] summary:hover{box-shadow:none;scale:1}.animation-banner__cta summary{--button--border-radius:0 500px 500px 0;gap:31.8402px}.animation-banner__cta summary:hover{box-shadow:0 8px 0 color-mix(in hsl,var(--bg-color--highlight),transparent 20%);scale:1.05}.animation-banner__label{animation:textIntroduction .5s ease-in-out .75s forwards;grid-column:1/-1;opacity:0}@media(prefers-reduced-motion){.animation-banner__label{animation:none;opacity:1}}@media(width > 64em){.animation-banner__label{grid-column:1/span 7}}.animation-banner__label h1{--heading--font-family:Mallory,Gill Sans,Gill Sans MT,Calibri,Arial,sans-serif;--heading--line-height:1}.animation-banner__media{align-items:start;align-self:stretch;display:grid;grid-column:1/-1;grid-row:1;grid-template-columns:subgrid;grid-template-rows:subgrid;isolation:isolate;overflow-y:clip;position:relative;z-index:0}@media(width > 64em){.animation-banner__media{grid-row-end:-1}}.animation-banner__media div{scale:var(--animation-banner--item-scale);transform-origin:center;transition:all .25s ease-in-out}.animation-banner__media-item{align-self:end;animation:var(--animation-banner-media--aduration,15s) ease-in-out var(--animation-banner-media--adelay,.25s) forwards var(--animation-banner-media--animation,changeImageCurveUp);background-color:var(--animation-banner-media--bg-color,var(--bg--color));grid-column-end:var(--animation-banner-media--gce,span 3);grid-column-start:var(--animation-banner-media--gcs,1);grid-row:1;max-height:400px;opacity:0;position:relative}@media(prefers-reduced-motion){.animation-banner__media-item{animation:none;opacity:1}}@media(width > 48em){.animation-banner__media-item{--animation-banner-media--gce:span 5;max-height:none}}@media(width > 64em){.animation-banner__media-item{--animation-banner-media--gce:span 3;--animation-banner-media--gcs:3}}.animation-banner__media-item:nth-child(4n+1){--animation-banner-media--adelay:750ms;--animation-banner-media--gce:span 4;--animation-banner-media--gcs:1;transform:translateX(50%);z-index:1}@media(width > 48em){.animation-banner__media-item:nth-child(4n+1){transform:translateX(0)}}@media(width > 64em){.animation-banner__media-item:nth-child(4n+1){--animation-banner-media--gcs:9}}.animation-banner__media-item:nth-child(4n+2){transform:translateX(-50%)}@media(width > 48em){.animation-banner__media-item:nth-child(4n+2){--animation-banner-media--gcs:5;--animation-banner-media--gce:span 8;transform:translateX(0)}}@media(width > 64em){.animation-banner__media-item:nth-child(4n+2){--animation-banner-media--animation:changeImageCurveDown;--animation-banner-media--border-radius:0 0 2000px 2000px;--animation-banner-media--gce:span 3;--animation-banner-media--gcs:7;align-self:start}}.animation-banner__media-item:nth-child(4n+3){--animation-banner-media--adelay:1250ms;--animation-banner-media--gce:span 2;--animation-banner-media--gcs:2;z-index:11}@media(width > 48em){.animation-banner__media-item:nth-child(4n+3){--animation-banner-media--gcs:10;--animation-banner-media--gce:span 3}}@media(width > 64em){.animation-banner__media-item:nth-child(4n+3){--animation-banner-media--gcs:5}}.animation-banner__media-item:nth-child(4n+4){--animation-banner-media--adelay:2000ms}@media(width > 48em){.animation-banner__media-item:nth-child(4n+4){--animation-banner-media--gcs:1;--animation-banner-media--gce:span 6;transform:translateX(-50%)}}@media(width > 64em){.animation-banner__media-item:nth-child(4n+4){--animation-banner-media--animation:changeImageCurveDown;--animation-banner-media--border-radius:0 0 2000px 2000px;--animation-banner-media--gcs:11;--animation-banner-media--gce:span 2;align-self:start;transform:translateX(0);z-index:-2}}.animation-banner__media-item:after{background:var(--bg-color--highlight);border-radius:var(--animation-banner-media--border-radius);content:"";inset:0;mix-blend-mode:multiply;opacity:0;position:absolute;transition:all .15s ease-in;translate:0 0;z-index:-1}.animation-banner__media-item img{border-radius:var(--animation-banner-media--border-radius);display:block;height:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;width:100%}.animation-banner__panel{--a--color:var(--text--color--inverted);--a--color--active:var(--text--color--inverted);--text--color:var(--text--color--inverted);background-color:var(--bg-color--inverted);box-shadow:8px 8px 0 color-mix(in hsl,var(--bg-color--highlight),transparent 80%);-webkit-clip-path:polygon(100% 0,100% 0,100% 100%,100% 100%);clip-path:polygon(100% 0,100% 0,100% 100%,100% 100%);left:0;padding:99.6282153678px 31.8402px 31.8402px;position:absolute;top:0;transition:all .2s ease-in-out;translate:31.8402px 0;width:100%;z-index:-1}@media(width > 48em){.animation-banner__panel{width:200%}}@media(width > 64em){.animation-banner__panel{width:300%}}[open] .animation-banner__panel{-webkit-clip-path:polygon(0 0,calc(100% + 8px) 0,calc(100% + 8px) calc(100% + 8px),0 calc(100% + 8px));clip-path:polygon(0 0,calc(100% + 8px) 0,calc(100% + 8px) calc(100% + 8px),0 calc(100% + 8px));translate:0 0}.animation-banner__pretitle{display:block;font-size:1.33rem}.animation-banner__shape{animation:.25s ease-out var(--animation-banner-media--adelay,.5s) forwards changeShapeCurveUp;aspect-ratio:2/1;background-color:var(--animation-banner-media--bg-color,var(--bg-color--highlight));border-radius:var(--animation-banner-media--border-radius);opacity:0;position:absolute;width:100%}.animation-banner__shape:nth-child(2){--animation-banner-media--adelay:250ms;translate:0 100%}.animation-banner__shape:nth-child(3){--animation-banner-media--adelay:150ms;translate:0 200%}.animation-banner__shapes{align-self:stretch;display:block;overflow:hidden;position:relative}.animation-banner__shapes,.animation-banner__shapes:after{border-radius:var(--animation-banner-media--border-radius)}.animation-banner__shapes:after{animation:2.5s ease-out var(--animation-banner-media--adelay,1s) forwards changeShapeMaskMoveIn;background-color:var(--animation-banner-media--bg-color,var(--bg-color--highlight));content:"";inset:0;position:absolute;translate:-100% 0}.animation-banner__shapes:first-of-type{--animation-banner-media--bg-color:var(--bg-color--accent);grid-column:1/-1;scale:1.5;translate:25% 35%;z-index:-2}@media(width > 64em){.animation-banner__shapes:first-of-type{grid-column:6/span 6;scale:1;translate:0 10%}}.animation-banner__shapes:first-of-type:after{--animation-banner-media--adelay:3000ms}.animation-banner__shapes:first-of-type .animation-banner__shape{--animation-banner-media--adelay:2000ms}.animation-banner__shapes:first-of-type .animation-banner__shape:nth-child(2){--animation-banner-media--adelay:1750ms}.animation-banner__shapes:first-of-type .animation-banner__shape:nth-child(3){--animation-banner-media--adelay:1250ms}.animation-banner__shapes:last-of-type{grid-column:1/-1;scale:1.25;translate:-50% 50%;z-index:-1}@media(width > 64em){.animation-banner__shapes:last-of-type{grid-column:3/span 6;scale:1;translate:0 20%;z-index:10}}.animation-banner__text{align-items:start;display:grid;gap:18px;grid-column:1/-1;grid-row:1;grid-template-columns:subgrid;grid-template-rows:1fr min-content min-content 250px;padding-block:56.32212978px;z-index:10}@media(width > 48em){.animation-banner__text{grid-template-rows:1fr min-content 400px}}@media(width > 64em){.animation-banner__text{align-items:center;grid-template-rows:1fr min-content min-content}}.animation-banner:focus-within .animation-banner__media-item,.animation-banner:hover .animation-banner__media-item{--animation-banner--item-scale:0.995;transform-origin:bottom center}.animation-banner:focus-within .animation-banner__media-item:after,.animation-banner:hover .animation-banner__media-item:after{opacity:.25;translate:50% 0}.animation-banner:focus-within .animation-banner__media-item:nth-child(4n+2),.animation-banner:hover .animation-banner__media-item:nth-child(4n+2){--animation-banner--item-scale:0.99;transform-origin:top center}.animation-banner:focus-within .animation-banner__media-item:nth-child(4n+3),.animation-banner:hover .animation-banner__media-item:nth-child(4n+3){--animation-banner--item-scale:1.04}.animation-banner:focus-within .animation-banner__media-item:nth-child(4n+4),.animation-banner:hover .animation-banner__media-item:nth-child(4n+4){--animation-banner--item-scale:0.985;transform-origin:top center}.animation-banner:focus-within .animation-banner__shapes--foreground,.animation-banner:hover .animation-banner__shapes--foreground{--animation-banner--item-scale:1.02}.animation-banner:focus-within .animation-banner__shapes--background,.animation-banner:hover .animation-banner__shapes--background{--animation-banner--item-scale:0.992}@keyframes textIntroduction{0%{opacity:0;translate:0 -5%}to{opacity:1;translate:0 0}}@keyframes changeShapeCurveUp{0%{margin-top:100%;opacity:0}to{margin-top:0;opacity:1}}@keyframes changeImageCurveUp{0%,2%{aspect-ratio:2/1;filter:brightness(10);opacity:0;translate:0 15%}4%{aspect-ratio:1/1;filter:brightness(1);opacity:1;translate:0 9%}to{aspect-ratio:1/1;opacity:1;translate:0 2%}}@keyframes changeImageCurveDown{0%,3%{aspect-ratio:2/1;filter:brightness(10);opacity:0;translate:0 -15%}5%{aspect-ratio:1/1;filter:brightness(1);opacity:1;translate:0 -9%}to{aspect-ratio:1/1;opacity:1;translate:0 -2%}}@keyframes changeShapeMaskMoveIn{0%{translate:0 100%}25%,to{translate:0 0}}</style> <style>.banner .banner__heading{--heading--font-family:YaleNew,TimesNewRoman,Times New Roman,Times,Baskerville,Georgia,serif;--heading--font-size:var(--h2--font-size,clamp(1.33rem,0.989121rem + 1.704395vw,2.352637rem));--heading--line-height:1.26}.banner--arch-left .banner__images,.banner--arch-right .banner__images,.banner--image-arch,.banner--image-half-arch{margin-left:calc(-50vw + 50% - var(--scrollbar-width, 0px)/2*-1);margin-right:calc(-50vw + 50% - var(--scrollbar-width, 0px)/2*-1)}.banner--window-left .banner__content,.banner--window-left .banner__images,.banner--window-right .banner__content,.banner--window-right .banner__images{margin-left:calc(var(--safe-area-inline)*-1);margin-right:calc(var(--safe-area-inline)*-1)}.banner--image-arch .banner__content,.banner--image-half-arch .banner__content{margin:0 auto;max-width:1440px;padding-left:var(--safe-area-inline);padding-right:var(--safe-area-inline)}.banner--image-arch .banner__image img,.banner--image-half-arch .banner__image img{border-radius:var(--image-mask--border-radius);overflow:hidden}.banner--image-arch .banner__image{--image-mask--border-radius:100vw 100vw 0 0}.banner--image-half-arch .banner__image{--image-mask--border-radius:0 150px 0 0}.banner{--cta-secondary--bg-color--active:var(--banner--bg-color--highlight);container-type:inline-size}.banner .banner__content{z-index:10}.banner .banner__text>*+*{margin-top:18px}.banner--image-arch,.banner--image-half-arch{background-color:var(--banner--bg-color)}.banner--image-arch .banner__content,.banner--image-half-arch .banner__content{-moz-column-gap:31.8402px;column-gap:31.8402px;display:grid;grid-template-areas:var(--banner--content--gta,"text" "img");grid-template-columns:var(--banner--content--gtc,1fr);padding-top:74.9084326074px}.banner--image-arch .banner__image,.banner--image-half-arch .banner__image{--figure--height:100%;aspect-ratio:1/1;grid-area:img}.banner--image-arch .banner__image img,.banner--image-half-arch .banner__image img{--img--width:100%;--img--height:100%;--img--object-fit:cover}.banner--image-arch .banner__text,.banner--image-half-arch .banner__text{grid-area:text;margin-bottom:74.9084326074px;position:relative}.banner--image-arch .banner__image{align-self:end}.banner--image-half-arch{overflow:clip}.banner--image-half-arch .banner__image{margin-bottom:-33%;position:relative;transform:translateX(90px)}.banner--image-half-arch .banner__image:before{aspect-ratio:1;background:var(--bg-color--highlight);border-radius:50%;content:"";position:absolute;transform:translateX(-100%);width:100%}@media(width > 48em){.banner{--banner--content--gtc:repeat(12,1fr)}.banner--image-arch{--banner--content--gta:"text text text text text text . img img img img img"}.banner--image-half-arch{--banner--content--gta:"text text text text text text text text img img img img"}.banner--image-half-arch .banner__image{transform:none}}.banner--arch-left,.banner--arch-right{-moz-column-gap:31.8402px;column-gap:31.8402px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:var(--banner--gtc,minmax(0,1fr));grid-template-rows:auto 30vw min-content}.banner--arch-left .banner__images,.banner--arch-right .banner__images{--figure--height:100%;--img--width:100%;--img--height:100%;--img--object-fit:cover;align-items:stretch;display:flex;grid-column:1/-1;grid-row:1/span 2}.banner--arch-left .banner__images>*,.banner--arch-right .banner__images>*{flex:1 1 100%}.banner--arch-left .banner__images img,.banner--arch-right .banner__images img{aspect-ratio:1/1}.banner--arch-left .banner__content,.banner--arch-right .banner__content{align-self:start;display:flex;grid-column:var(--banner--content--grid-column,1/-1);grid-row:2/span 2;grid-template-columns:1fr;isolation:isolate;padding-bottom:42.347466px;padding-top:99.6282153678px;position:relative}.banner--arch-left .banner__content:after,.banner--arch-left .banner__content:before,.banner--arch-right .banner__content:after,.banner--arch-right .banner__content:before{background-color:var(--bg-color);border-top-left-radius:500px;border-top-right-radius:500px;content:"";display:block;inset:0 -99.62822px;position:absolute;z-index:-1}.banner--arch-left .banner__content:after,.banner--arch-right .banner__content:after{background:var(--bg-color--highlight);mix-blend-mode:var(--banner--mix-blend-mode);opacity:50%;transform:translateX(var(--banner--content--after--translate-x));z-index:-1}.banner--arch-left .banner__heading,.banner--arch-right .banner__heading{--heading--line-height:1}.banner--arch-left .banner__text,.banner--arch-right .banner__text{align-self:flex-end}@media(width < 48em){.banner--arch-left .banner__content,.banner--arch-right .banner__content{margin-left:calc(-50vw + 50% - var(--scrollbar-width, 0px)/2*-1);margin-right:calc(-50vw + 50% - var(--scrollbar-width, 0px)/2*-1);min-height:60dvw;padding-inline:var(--safe-area-inline)}}@media(width >= 48em){.banner--arch-left,.banner--arch-right{grid-template-rows:auto}.banner--arch-left .banner__content,.banner--arch-right .banner__content{align-self:end;grid-row:1/-1;margin-top:31.8402px;padding-top:132.5055264392px}.banner--arch-left .banner__content:after,.banner--arch-left .banner__content:before,.banner--arch-right .banner__content:after,.banner--arch-right .banner__content:before{inset:0 -56.32213px}.banner--arch-left .banner__images,.banner--arch-right .banner__images{grid-row:1/-1;height:min(65dvh,40.7447195232rem);min-height:100%}.banner--arch-left .banner__images img,.banner--arch-right .banner__images img{aspect-ratio:inherit}.banner--arch-left .banner__text,.banner--arch-right .banner__text{padding-inline:23.94px}}@media(width >= 64em){.banner--arch-left .banner__content,.banner--arch-right .banner__content{padding-top:clamp(5.5349008538rem,4.1163057649rem + 7.0929754441vw,9.7906861202rem)}.banner--arch-left .banner__content:after,.banner--arch-left .banner__content:before,.banner--arch-right .banner__content:after,.banner--arch-right .banner__content:before{inset:0}.banner--arch-left .banner__text,.banner--arch-right .banner__text{padding-inline:56.32212978px}}.banner--arch-left{--banner--content--after--translate-x:50%}.banner--arch-right{--banner--content--after--translate-x:-50%}@media(min-width:48em){.banner{--banner--gtc:repeat(12,1fr)}.banner--arch-left{--banner--content--grid-column:1/span 7}.banner--arch-right{--banner--content--grid-column:5/-1}}@media(min-width:64em){.banner{--banner--gtc:repeat(12,1fr)}.banner--arch-left{--banner--content--grid-column:1/span 6}.banner--arch-right{--banner--content--grid-column:7/-1}}.banner--window-left,.banner--window-right{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(12,1fr);grid-template-rows:1fr;margin-block:56.32212978px 117.2559px}.banner--window-left .banner__images,.banner--window-right .banner__images{--img--height:100%;--img--width:100%;--img--object-fit:cover;--figure--height:100%;align-items:stretch;display:flex;grid-column:1/-1;grid-row:1/-1}.banner--window-left .banner__images>*,.banner--window-right .banner__images>*{flex:1 1 100%}.banner--window-left .banner__content,.banner--window-right .banner__content{align-self:end;display:grid;grid-column:var(--banner--content--grid-column,1/-1);grid-row:1/-1;grid-template-areas:var(--banner--content--gta,"arch" "text");grid-template-columns:var(--banner--content--gtc,1fr);translate:0 42.347466px}.banner--window-left .banner__text,.banner--window-right .banner__text{background-color:var(--bg-color);grid-area:text;padding-block:var(--banner--text--padding-block,0 31.8402px);padding-inline:var(--banner--text--padding-inline,var(--safe-area-inline));translate:0 -1px}.banner--window-left .banner__arch,.banner--window-right .banner__arch{align-self:stretch;aspect-ratio:1/1.13;background-color:var(--bg-color);display:block;grid-area:arch;-webkit-mask:url('data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 400 453"><path d="M0,200 a200,200 0 0 1 200,-200 a200,200 0 0 1 200,200 v253 h-400 z"></path></svg>') left var(--safe-area-inline) bottom var(--banner--arch--mask-position-bottom,31.8402px) no-repeat,linear-gradient(#fff,#fff);mask:url('data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 400 453"><path d="M0,200 a200,200 0 0 1 200,-200 a200,200 0 0 1 200,200 v253 h-400 z"></path></svg>') left var(--safe-area-inline) bottom var(--banner--arch--mask-position-bottom,31.8402px) no-repeat,linear-gradient(#fff,#fff);-webkit-mask-composite:xor;mask-composite:exclude;-webkit-mask-size:calc(100% - var(--safe-area-inline)*2);mask-size:calc(100% - var(--safe-area-inline)*2);max-width:100%;position:relative}@media(width >= 48em){.banner--window-left,.banner--window-right{--banner--arch--mask-position-bottom:56.32212978px;--banner--text--padding-block:42.347466px;--banner--content--gtc:repeat(12,1fr);--banner--content--grid-column:1/span 12}.banner--window-left .banner__content,.banner--window-right .banner__content{margin-inline:0}.banner--window-left .banner__text,.banner--window-right .banner__text{translate:0 0}}@media(width >= 64em){.banner--window-left,.banner--window-right{--banner--arch--mask-position-bottom:74.9084326074px;--banner--text--padding-block:74.9084326074px;--banner--content--gtc:repeat(10,1fr)}}@media(width >= 48em){.banner--window-left{--banner--text--padding-inline:0 var(--safe-area-inline);--banner--content--gta:"arch arch arch arch arch arch text text text text text text"}}@media(width >= 64em){.banner--window-left{--banner--content--gta:"arch arch arch arch arch text text text text text";--banner--content--grid-column:1/span 10}}@media(width >= 48em){.banner--window-right{--banner--text--padding-inline:var(--safe-area-inline) 0;--banner--content--gta:"text text text text text text arch arch arch arch arch arch"}}@media(width >= 64em){.banner--window-right{--banner--content--gta:"text text text text text arch arch arch arch arch";--banner--content--grid-column:3/span 10}}@font-face{font-family:swiper-icons;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url("data:application/font-woff;charset=utf-8;base64, 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") format("woff")}:root{--swiper-theme-color:#007aff}:host{display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;position:relative;z-index:1}.swiper{display:block;list-style:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:relative;z-index:1}.swiper-vertical>.swiper-wrapper{flex-direction:column}.swiper-wrapper{box-sizing:content-box;display:flex;height:100%;position:relative;transition-property:transform;transition-timing-function:var(--swiper-wrapper-transition-timing-function,initial);width:100%;z-index:1}.swiper-android .swiper-slide,.swiper-ios .swiper-slide,.swiper-wrapper{transform:translateZ(0)}.swiper-horizontal{touch-action:pan-y}.swiper-vertical{touch-action:pan-x}.swiper-slide{display:block;flex-shrink:0;height:100%;position:relative;transition-property:transform;width:100%}.swiper-slide-invisible-blank{visibility:hidden}.swiper-autoheight,.swiper-autoheight .swiper-slide{height:auto}.swiper-autoheight .swiper-wrapper{align-items:flex-start;transition-property:transform,height}.swiper-backface-hidden .swiper-slide{backface-visibility:hidden;transform:translateZ(0)}.swiper-3d.swiper-css-mode .swiper-wrapper{perspective:1200px}.swiper-3d .swiper-wrapper{transform-style:preserve-3d}.swiper-3d{perspective:1200px}.swiper-3d .swiper-cube-shadow,.swiper-3d .swiper-slide{transform-style:preserve-3d}.swiper-css-mode>.swiper-wrapper{overflow:auto;scrollbar-width:none;-ms-overflow-style:none}.swiper-css-mode>.swiper-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.swiper-css-mode>.swiper-wrapper>.swiper-slide{scroll-snap-align:start start}.swiper-css-mode.swiper-horizontal>.swiper-wrapper{scroll-snap-type:x mandatory}.swiper-css-mode.swiper-vertical>.swiper-wrapper{scroll-snap-type:y mandatory}.swiper-css-mode.swiper-free-mode>.swiper-wrapper{scroll-snap-type:none}.swiper-css-mode.swiper-free-mode>.swiper-wrapper>.swiper-slide{scroll-snap-align:none}.swiper-css-mode.swiper-centered>.swiper-wrapper:before{content:"";flex-shrink:0;order:9999}.swiper-css-mode.swiper-centered>.swiper-wrapper>.swiper-slide{scroll-snap-align:center center;scroll-snap-stop:always}.swiper-css-mode.swiper-centered.swiper-horizontal>.swiper-wrapper>.swiper-slide:first-child{margin-inline-start:var(--swiper-centered-offset-before)}.swiper-css-mode.swiper-centered.swiper-horizontal>.swiper-wrapper:before{height:100%;min-height:1px;width:var(--swiper-centered-offset-after)}.swiper-css-mode.swiper-centered.swiper-vertical>.swiper-wrapper>.swiper-slide:first-child{margin-block-start:var(--swiper-centered-offset-before)}.swiper-css-mode.swiper-centered.swiper-vertical>.swiper-wrapper:before{height:var(--swiper-centered-offset-after);min-width:1px;width:100%}.swiper-3d .swiper-slide-shadow,.swiper-3d .swiper-slide-shadow-bottom,.swiper-3d .swiper-slide-shadow-left,.swiper-3d .swiper-slide-shadow-right,.swiper-3d .swiper-slide-shadow-top{height:100%;left:0;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%;z-index:10}.swiper-3d .swiper-slide-shadow{background:rgba(0,0,0,.15)}.swiper-3d .swiper-slide-shadow-left{background-image:linear-gradient(270deg,rgba(0,0,0,.5),transparent)}.swiper-3d .swiper-slide-shadow-right{background-image:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(0,0,0,.5),transparent)}.swiper-3d .swiper-slide-shadow-top{background-image:linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(0,0,0,.5),transparent)}.swiper-3d .swiper-slide-shadow-bottom{background-image:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(0,0,0,.5),transparent)}.swiper-lazy-preloader{border:4px solid var(--swiper-preloader-color,var(--swiper-theme-color));border-radius:50%;border-top:4px solid transparent;box-sizing:border-box;height:42px;left:50%;margin-left:-21px;margin-top:-21px;position:absolute;top:50%;transform-origin:50%;width:42px;z-index:10}.swiper-watch-progress .swiper-slide-visible .swiper-lazy-preloader,.swiper:not(.swiper-watch-progress) .swiper-lazy-preloader{animation:swiper-preloader-spin 1s linear infinite}.swiper-lazy-preloader-white{--swiper-preloader-color:#fff}.swiper-lazy-preloader-black{--swiper-preloader-color:#000}@keyframes swiper-preloader-spin{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}to{transform:rotate(1turn)}}.swiper-fade.swiper-free-mode .swiper-slide{transition-timing-function:ease-out}.swiper-fade .swiper-slide{pointer-events:none;transition-property:opacity}.swiper-fade .swiper-slide .swiper-slide{pointer-events:none}.swiper-fade .swiper-slide-active,.swiper-fade .swiper-slide-active .swiper-slide-active{pointer-events:auto}</style> <style>[data-theme=macmillan]{--bg-color:#fff;--bg-color--inverted:#101f5b;--bg-color--highlight:#dfe4ec;--bg-color--accent:#ccd4e1;--border--color:#101f5b;--heading--color:#101f5b;--text--color:#101f5b;--text--color--inverted:#fff;--text--color--deemphasis:#4a4a4a;--a--color:#101f5b;--a--color--active:#101f5b;--button--color:#101f5b;--button--color--active:#101f5b;--form-input--cbr:#101f5b;--form--element--outline--color:#101f5b;--layout--bg-color:#dfe4ec;--layout--bg-color--highlight:#fff;--banner--bg-color:#dfe4ec;--banner--bg-color--highlight:#fff;--banner--mix-blend-mode:multiply;--cta-primary--bg-color:#286dc0;--cta-primary--bg-color--active:#101f5b;--cta-primary--color:#fff;--cta-primary--color--active:#fff;--cta-secondary--bg-color:transparent;--cta-secondary--bg-color--active:#dfe4ec;--cta-secondary--border-color:#286dc0;--cta-secondary--border-color--active:#dfe4ec;--cta-secondary--color:#101f5b;--cta-secondary--color--active:#101f5b;--cta-continuation--color:#101f5b;--cta-continuation--color--active:#101f5b;--group-menu--a--color:#101f5b;--animate-background--color:#101f5b;--animate-background--color--active:var(--animate-background--color);--animate-background--gradient-color:#dfe4ec;--callout-circle--bg-color--1:#101f5b;--callout-circle--bg-color--2:#081030;--callout-circle--bg-color--3:#182e86;--callout-circle--bg-color--4:#101f5b;--callout-circle--bg-color--5:#081030;--mix-blend-mode:multiply}[data-theme=macmillan-dark],[data-theme=macmillan] [data-dark-mode]{--bg-color:#101f5b;--bg-color--inverted:#dfe4ec;--bg-color--highlight:#0b1641;--bg-color--accent:#152875;--border--color:#fff;--heading--color:#fff;--text--color:#fff;--text--color--inverted:#101f5b;--text--color--deemphasis:#f9f9f9;--a--color:#fff;--a--color--active:#fff;--button--color:#fff;--button--color--active:#fff;--form-input--cbr:#fff;--form--element--outline--color:#fff;--layout--bg-color:#101f5b;--layout--bg-color--highlight:#0b1641;--banner--bg-color:#101f5b;--banner--bg-color--highlight:#0b1641;--banner--mix-blend-mode:multiply;--cta-primary--bg-color:#fff;--cta-primary--bg-color--active:#dfe4ec;--cta-primary--color:#101f5b;--cta-primary--color--active:#101f5b;--cta-secondary--bg-color:transparent;--cta-secondary--bg-color--active:#0b1641;--cta-secondary--border-color:#63aaff;--cta-secondary--border-color--active:transparent;--cta-secondary--color:#fff;--cta-secondary--color--active:#fff;--cta-continuation--color:#fff;--cta-continuation--color--active:#fff;--animate-background--color:#fff;--animate-background--color--active:var(--animate-background--color);--animate-background--gradient-color:#0b1641;--callout-circle--bg-color--1:color-mix(in hsl,var(--bg-color--inverted),#fff 0%);--callout-circle--bg-color--2:color-mix(in hsl,var(--bg-color--inverted),#000 10%);--callout-circle--bg-color--3:color-mix(in hsl,var(--bg-color--inverted),#000 20%);--callout-circle--bg-color--4:color-mix(in hsl,var(--bg-color--inverted),#fff 0%);--callout-circle--bg-color--5:color-mix(in hsl,var(--bg-color--inverted),#000 10%);--mix-blend-mode:lighten}</style> <title>Genocide Studies Program</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/align.module.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/fieldgroup.module.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/container-inline.module.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/clearfix.module.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/details.module.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/hidden.module.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/item-list.module.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/js.module.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/nowrap.module.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/position-container.module.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/reset-appearance.module.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/resize.module.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-counter.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-counters.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-general-info.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/tablesort.module.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/paragraphs/css/paragraphs.unpublished.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/base/font-face/font-face-mallory.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/base/font-face/font-face-yale-new.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/site-layout/site-footer/site-footer.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/site-layout/group-connect-with/group-connect-with.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/layouts/layouts.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/base/color-themes/macmillan.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/navigation/footer/footer.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/navigation/priorities/priorities.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/navigation/initiatives/initiatives.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/navigation/corporate/corporate.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/navigation/social/social.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/media/image/image.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/paragraph/image/image.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/field/ckeditor/ckeditor.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/paragraph/html-content/html-content.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/field/advanced-header-field/advanced-header-field.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/node/node-teaser/node-teaser.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/node/story/teaser-image-size-sm/story.teaser-image-size-sm.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/paragraph/curated-content-group/curated-content-group.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/node/publication/teaser-text/publication.teaser-text.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/paragraph/cta-link/cta-link.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/components/link-list/link-list.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/components/spotlight/spotlight.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/group/initiative/full/initiative.full.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/navigation/group-menu/group-menu.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/navigation/header/header.css?sn9ckw" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/components/admin-gin/admin-gin.css?sn9ckw" /> <script src="/libraries/fontawesome/js/fontawesome.min.js?v=6.4.0" defer></script> <script src="/libraries/fontawesome/js/brands.min.js?v=6.4.0" defer></script> <script src="/libraries/fontawesome/js/sharp-regular.min.js?v=6.4.0" defer></script> </head> <body class="site-page" data-roles="anonymous"> <a href="#site-main" class="visually-hidden focusable"> Skip to main content </a> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KSGPSBSS" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden;"></iframe> </noscript> <header class="site-header" data-js="site-header"> <div class="site-header__content"> <div class="site-header__branding"> <div class="branding-block branding-block--group-homepage" data-js="branding-block"> <div class="branding-block__site-name"> <a href="/">MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale</a> </div> <div class="branding-block__group-name"><a href="/gsp"><span>Genocide Studies Program</span></a></div> </div> </div> <dialog class="site-header__menu-dialog" data-js="site-header-menu-dialog"> <div class="site-header__header-menu"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-header-menu-menu" id="block-header-menu" class="block-header-menu-menu" data-js="block-header-menu-menu"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-header-menu-menu">Header Menu</h2> <ul class="menu menu--header menu--level-0" data-js="header-menu"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--home"> <a href="/" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>"><span>MacMillan Home</span></a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--c-p"> <a href="/node/14/regional-councils-global-programs" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14"><span>Councils and Programs</span></a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/17263/give-macmillan-center" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/17263"><span>Give</span></a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--search"> <a href="/node/3003340/search" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003340"><span>Search</span></a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="site-header__group-menu"> <div id="block-group-menu"> <ul class="menu menu--group-menu menu--level-0" data-js="group-menu-menu"> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/1300006/about-gsp" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1300006">About</a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--has-submenu"> <details class="menu__details"> <summary class="menu__summary"> <a href="/node/1300016/people" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1300016">People</a><span class="menu__summary-toggle"></span> </summary> <div class="menu__submenu-wrapper"> <div class="menu__submenu-wrapper-content"> <ul class="menu menu--group-menu menu--level-1 menu--submenu"> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="https://live-ys-macmillan-yale-edu.pantheonsite.io/gsp/visitors">Visitors</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </details> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/2023-2024-events">Events</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/news-4" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1434938">News</a> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--has-submenu"> <details class="menu__details"> <summary class="menu__summary"> <a href="/node/1300014/case-studies" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1300014">Case Studies</a><span class="menu__summary-toggle"></span> </summary> <div class="menu__submenu-wrapper"> <div class="menu__submenu-wrapper-content"> <ul class="menu menu--group-menu menu--level-1 menu--submenu"> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003193/amazon-region" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003193">Amazon Region</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003205/ancient-medieval-genocides" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003205">Ancient & Medieval Genocides</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003208/armenian-genocide" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003208">Armenian Genocide</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003267/cambodian-genocide-program" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003267">Cambodian Genocide Program</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003212/colonial-genocides-project" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003212">Colonial Genocides Project</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003218/east-timor" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003218">East Timor</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003219/global-maps-selected-cases-genocide" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003219">Global Maps of Selected Cases of Genocide</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003224/guatemala" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003224">Guatemala</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003230/holocaust" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003230">Holocaust</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003233/indonesia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003233">Indonesia</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003234/iraqyazidi" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003234">Iraq/Yazidi</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003246/other" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003246">Other</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003250/papua-indonesia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003250">Papua, Indonesia</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003256/rwanda-project" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003256">Rwanda Project</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003260/sudan" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003260">Sudan</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003266/yugoslavia-former" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003266">Yugoslavia (Former)</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </details> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--has-submenu"> <details class="menu__details"> <summary class="menu__summary"> <a href="/node/1300039/themes" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1300039">Themes</a><span class="menu__summary-toggle"></span> </summary> <div class="menu__submenu-wrapper"> <div class="menu__submenu-wrapper-content"> <ul class="menu menu--group-menu menu--level-1 menu--submenu"> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003296/crimes-against-humanity" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003296">Crimes Against Humanity</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003276/comparative-genocide" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003276">Comparative Genocide</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003277/genocide-general" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003277">Genocide, general</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003278/gis-and-remote-sensing" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003278">GIS and Remote Sensing</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003279/justice-and-prosecutions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003279">Justice and Prosecutions</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="https://macmillan.yale.edu/gsp/made">Mass Atrocities in the Digital Era</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/1434380/prevention" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1434380">Prevention</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003280/rescue" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003280">Rescue</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003281/resistance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003281">Resistance</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003282/trauma" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003282">Trauma</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003283/truth-commissions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003283">Truth Commissions</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003284/war-crimes" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003284">War Crimes</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </details> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--has-submenu"> <details class="menu__details"> <summary class="menu__summary"> <a href="/node/1434414/mass-atrocities-digital-era-made" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1434414">MADE</a><span class="menu__summary-toggle"></span> </summary> <div class="menu__submenu-wrapper"> <div class="menu__submenu-wrapper-content"> <ul class="menu menu--group-menu menu--level-1 menu--submenu"> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="https://macmillan.yale.edu/gsp/working-paper-series-0">Working Paper Series</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </details> </li> <li class="menu__item menu__item--has-submenu"> <details class="menu__details"> <summary class="menu__summary"> <a href="/node/1300012/resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1300012">Resources</a><span class="menu__summary-toggle"></span> </summary> <div class="menu__submenu-wrapper"> <div class="menu__submenu-wrapper-content"> <ul class="menu menu--group-menu menu--level-1 menu--submenu"> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003320/audio-and-video-resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003320">Audio and Video</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003321/bibliographies" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003321">Bibliographies</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/1300070/databases" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1300070">Databases</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003327/articles-scholarly-journals" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003327">Journals</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003263/maps-and-satellite-images" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003263">Maps and Satellite Images</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003268/gsp-publications" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003268">Publications</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003324/related-websites-resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003324">Related Websites</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/3003325/transcript-resources" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3003325">Transcripts</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </details> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/contact-10">Contact</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="site-header__menu-toggle"> <button class="main-menu-toggle" data-js="main-menu-toggle" aria-controls="block-main-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <span></span> </button> </div> </dialog> </div> </header> <main id="site-main" class="site-main"> <div class="region-content"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div><div id="block-macmillan-mainpagecontent"> <article class="group group--initiative group--full group--has-banner"> <header class="group__header" data-js="group-header"> <div class="group__banner"> <div id="paragraph-banner-25445" class="banner banner--arch-right" data-js="banner" data-dark-mode="true"> <div class="banner__images" role="presentation"> <div class="swiper"> <div class="swiper-wrapper"> <div class="swiper-slide"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_1815/public/2024-06/srebrenica.webp?h=d13e4234&itok=sjfr4neE 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_2880/public/2024-06/srebrenica.webp?h=d13e4234&itok=hSNxc5Qc 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="1815" height="907"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_1143/public/2024-06/srebrenica.webp?h=d13e4234&itok=4x-qMFry 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_1815/public/2024-06/srebrenica.webp?h=d13e4234&itok=sjfr4neE 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1024px)" type="image/webp" width="1143" height="572"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_720/public/2024-06/srebrenica.webp?h=d13e4234&itok=-NcuffG2 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_1440/public/2024-06/srebrenica.webp?h=d13e4234&itok=FdaZ7kq- 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="720" height="360"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/2024-06/srebrenica.webp?h=d13e4234&itok=1qo6xhE5 2x" type="image/webp" width="800" height="800"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_1815/public/2024-06/srebrenica.jpg?h=d13e4234&itok=sjfr4neE 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_2880/public/2024-06/srebrenica.jpg?h=d13e4234&itok=hSNxc5Qc 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1815" height="907"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_1143/public/2024-06/srebrenica.jpg?h=d13e4234&itok=4x-qMFry 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_1815/public/2024-06/srebrenica.jpg?h=d13e4234&itok=sjfr4neE 2x" media="all and (min-width: 1024px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1143" height="572"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_720/public/2024-06/srebrenica.jpg?h=d13e4234&itok=-NcuffG2 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_1440/public/2024-06/srebrenica.jpg?h=d13e4234&itok=FdaZ7kq- 2x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="720" height="360"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/2024-06/srebrenica.jpg?h=d13e4234&itok=1qo6xhE5 2x" type="image/jpeg" width="800" height="800"/> <img loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_400/public/2024-06/srebrenica.jpg?h=d13e4234&itok=4ptnfw4S" width="400" height="400" alt="srebrenica" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="banner__content"> <div class="banner__text"> <h1 class="banner__heading"> Genocide Studies Program </h1> <div class="banner__body"> <div class="ck-content"><p>Founded in January 1998 to expand the work begun in 1994 by Yale University’s Cambodian Genocide Program, the Genocide Studies Program at Yale’s MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies conducts research, seminars and conferences on comparative, interdisciplinary, and policy issues relating to the phenomenon of genocide, and has provided training to researchers from afflicted regions, including Cambodia, Rwanda, and East Timor.</p> </div> </div> <div class="banner__link"> <div id="paragraph-cta-link-25444" class="cta-link cta-link--primary" data-js="cta-link"> <a href="/node/1300006/about-gsp" hreflang="en">Read more about the program</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="group__content"> <div class="group__sections"> <section class="layout--margin-bottom-lg layout--edge-to-edge layout--has-header layout--published layout layout--one-column" data-theme="macmillan-dark" aria-labelledby="heading-layout-31417"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__header"> <header class="advanced-header-field advanced-header-field--heading-tag-h2"> <h2 id="heading-layout-31417" class="advanced-header-field__heading"> New Report </h2> </header> </div> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region--gap-sm layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="layout__region-item"> <div id="paragraph-curated-content-31419"> <article id="node-publication-3004396" class="node-teaser node-teaser--publication node-teaser--text"> <header class="node-teaser__header"> <div class="node-teaser__groups"> Genocide Studies Program </div> <div class="node-teaser__heading"> <a href="/gsp/publications/pathways-protection"><span>Pathways to Protection</span></a> </div> <div class="node-teaser__metadata node-teaser__metadata--date"> <span>Publication Date</span> 2024 </div> </header> <div class="node-teaser__content"> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout--margin-bottom-sm layout--arch-bottom-left layout--has-header layout--published layout layout--one-column" aria-labelledby="heading-layout-25455"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__header"> <header class="advanced-header-field advanced-header-field--heading-tag-h2"> <h2 id="heading-layout-25455" class="advanced-header-field__heading"> The latest </h2> </header> </div> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region--gap-sm layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="layout__region-item"> <div class="layout--margin-bottom-sm layout--published layout layout--one-column"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region--gap-sm layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="layout__region-item"> <div id="paragraph-curated-content-group-25460" class="curated-content-group"> <div class="curated-content-group__content" data-index="1"> <article id="node-story-3004399" class="node-teaser node-teaser--story node-teaser--image-size-sm"> <header class="node-teaser__header"> <div class="node-teaser__groups"> Genocide Studies Program </div> <div class="node-teaser__heading"> <a href="/gsp/stories/press-release-report-finds-decade-after-sinjar-genocide-yazidis-remain-risk"><span>Report finds that a decade after the Sinjar genocide, Yazidis remain at risk</span></a> </div> <div class="node-teaser__published-date"> <time datetime="2024-11-21T07:00:00-05:00">Nov 21, 2024</time> </div> </header> <div class="node-teaser__content"> <div class="node-teaser__image"> <figure data-js="media-image" class="media media--image"> <picture> <source media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="400" height="400" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_400/public/2024-11/Screenshot%202024-11-21%20at%208.46.19%E2%80%AFPM_0.webp?h=3d4ceba8&itok=AhWNsD_5 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/2024-11/Screenshot%202024-11-21%20at%208.46.19%E2%80%AFPM_0.webp?h=3d4ceba8&itok=N6UT3WBI 2x"/> <source type="image/webp" width="320" height="320" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_320/public/2024-11/Screenshot%202024-11-21%20at%208.46.19%E2%80%AFPM_0.webp?h=3d4ceba8&itok=FKlEMjGG 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2024-11/Screenshot%202024-11-21%20at%208.46.19%E2%80%AFPM_0.webp?h=3d4ceba8&itok=8I8tZrm2 2x"/> <source media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/png" width="400" height="400" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_400/public/2024-11/Screenshot%202024-11-21%20at%208.46.19%E2%80%AFPM_0.png?h=3d4ceba8&itok=AhWNsD_5 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/2024-11/Screenshot%202024-11-21%20at%208.46.19%E2%80%AFPM_0.png?h=3d4ceba8&itok=N6UT3WBI 2x"/> <source type="image/png" width="320" height="320" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_320/public/2024-11/Screenshot%202024-11-21%20at%208.46.19%E2%80%AFPM_0.png?h=3d4ceba8&itok=FKlEMjGG 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2024-11/Screenshot%202024-11-21%20at%208.46.19%E2%80%AFPM_0.png?h=3d4ceba8&itok=8I8tZrm2 2x"/> <img loading="lazy" width="320" height="320" alt="Sinjar" class="lazyload" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_320/public/2024-11/Screenshot%202024-11-21%20at%208.46.19%E2%80%AFPM_0.png?h=3d4ceba8&itok=FKlEMjGG" /> </picture> </figure> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="curated-content-group__content" data-index="2"> <article id="node-story-3003328" class="node-teaser node-teaser--story node-teaser--image-size-sm"> <header class="node-teaser__header"> <div class="node-teaser__groups"> Genocide Studies Program </div> <div class="node-teaser__heading"> <a href="/gsp/stories/op-ed-oversight-board-needs-access-facebooks-algorithms-do-its-job"><span>Op Ed: The Oversight Board Needs Access to Facebook’s Algorithms to do its Job</span></a> </div> <div class="node-teaser__published-date"> <time datetime="2024-06-14T08:00:00-04:00">Jun 14, 2024</time> </div> </header> <div class="node-teaser__content"> <div class="node-teaser__image"> <figure data-js="media-image" class="media media--image"> <picture> <source media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="400" height="400" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_400/public/2024-07/facebook_meta.jpeg.webp?h=73306683&itok=0PSCsHYi 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/2024-07/facebook_meta.jpeg.webp?h=73306683&itok=Gg8UkzUw 2x"/> <source type="image/webp" width="320" height="320" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_320/public/2024-07/facebook_meta.jpeg.webp?h=73306683&itok=UFoz5-Uu 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2024-07/facebook_meta.jpeg.webp?h=73306683&itok=cvRpeIT_ 2x"/> <source media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="400" height="400" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_400/public/2024-07/facebook_meta.jpeg.jpg?h=73306683&itok=0PSCsHYi 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/2024-07/facebook_meta.jpeg.jpg?h=73306683&itok=Gg8UkzUw 2x"/> <source type="image/jpeg" width="320" height="320" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_320/public/2024-07/facebook_meta.jpeg.jpg?h=73306683&itok=UFoz5-Uu 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2024-07/facebook_meta.jpeg.jpg?h=73306683&itok=cvRpeIT_ 2x"/> <img loading="lazy" width="320" height="320" alt="facebook meta" class="lazyload" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_320/public/2024-07/facebook_meta.jpeg.jpg?h=73306683&itok=UFoz5-Uu" /> </picture> </figure> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="curated-content-group__content" data-index="3"> <article id="node-story-3003329" class="node-teaser node-teaser--story node-teaser--image-size-sm"> <header class="node-teaser__header"> <div class="node-teaser__groups"> Genocide Studies Program </div> <div class="node-teaser__heading"> <a href="/gsp/stories/genocide-looms-again-darfur-will-world-stop-it-happening"><span>Genocide looms again in Darfur. Will the world stop it from happening?</span></a> </div> <div class="node-teaser__published-date"> <time datetime="2024-06-03T08:00:00-04:00">Jun 3, 2024</time> </div> </header> <div class="node-teaser__content"> <div class="node-teaser__image"> <figure data-js="media-image" class="media media--image"> <picture> <source media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="400" height="400" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_400/public/2024-07/screenshot_2024-06-26_at_10.48.09_am.webp?h=def3cf70&itok=HWcx8NPx 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/2024-07/screenshot_2024-06-26_at_10.48.09_am.webp?h=def3cf70&itok=dpX3_Q8H 2x"/> <source type="image/webp" width="320" height="320" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_320/public/2024-07/screenshot_2024-06-26_at_10.48.09_am.webp?h=def3cf70&itok=Pl7iApOV 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2024-07/screenshot_2024-06-26_at_10.48.09_am.webp?h=def3cf70&itok=a8fC4sjK 2x"/> <source media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/png" width="400" height="400" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_400/public/2024-07/screenshot_2024-06-26_at_10.48.09_am.png?h=def3cf70&itok=HWcx8NPx 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/2024-07/screenshot_2024-06-26_at_10.48.09_am.png?h=def3cf70&itok=dpX3_Q8H 2x"/> <source type="image/png" width="320" height="320" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_320/public/2024-07/screenshot_2024-06-26_at_10.48.09_am.png?h=def3cf70&itok=Pl7iApOV 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/2024-07/screenshot_2024-06-26_at_10.48.09_am.png?h=def3cf70&itok=a8fC4sjK 2x"/> <img loading="lazy" width="320" height="320" alt="darfur" class="lazyload" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_320/public/2024-07/screenshot_2024-06-26_at_10.48.09_am.png?h=def3cf70&itok=Pl7iApOV" /> </picture> </figure> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="curated-content-group__content" data-index="4"> <article id="node-story-1434435" class="node-teaser node-teaser--story node-teaser--image-size-sm"> <header class="node-teaser__header"> <div class="node-teaser__groups"> Genocide Studies Program </div> <div class="node-teaser__heading"> <a href="/gsp/stories/understanding-genocide-tutsi-tragedy-hope"><span>Understanding the Genocide on the Tutsi: From Tragedy to Hope</span></a> </div> <div class="node-teaser__published-date"> <time datetime="2024-03-04T07:00:00-05:00">Mar 4, 2024</time> </div> </header> <div class="node-teaser__content"> <div class="node-teaser__image"> <figure data-js="media-image" class="media media--image"> <picture> <source media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="400" height="400" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_400/public/dsc_0198.webp?h=6b305570&itok=07AR4XY9 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/dsc_0198.webp?h=6b305570&itok=SktTJHsD 2x"/> <source type="image/webp" width="320" height="320" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_320/public/dsc_0198.webp?h=6b305570&itok=3s3rTpqj 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/dsc_0198.webp?h=6b305570&itok=wl8m_29z 2x"/> <source media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="400" height="400" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_400/public/dsc_0198.jpg?h=6b305570&itok=07AR4XY9 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_800/public/dsc_0198.jpg?h=6b305570&itok=SktTJHsD 2x"/> <source type="image/jpeg" width="320" height="320" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_320/public/dsc_0198.jpg?h=6b305570&itok=3s3rTpqj 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_640/public/dsc_0198.jpg?h=6b305570&itok=wl8m_29z 2x"/> <img loading="lazy" width="320" height="320" class="lazyload" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_320/public/dsc_0198.jpg?h=6b305570&itok=3s3rTpqj" /> </picture> </figure> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region-item"> <div id="paragraph-cta-link-27911" class="cta-link cta-link--secondary" data-js="cta-link"> <a href="/node/news-4" hreflang="en">More news</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout--edge-to-edge layout--has-header layout--published layout layout--one-column" data-theme="macmillan-dark" aria-labelledby="heading-layout-25446"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__header"> <header class="advanced-header-field advanced-header-field--heading-tag-h2"> <h2 id="heading-layout-25446" class="advanced-header-field__heading"> Acknowledgement </h2> </header> </div> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region--gap-sm layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="layout__region-item"> <div class="layout--margin-bottom-sm layout--60-40 layout--mobile-order-1-2 layout--align-start layout--published layout layout--two-column"> <div class="layout__content"> <div class="layout__regions"> <div class="layout__region--gap-sm layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="layout__region-item"> <div id="paragraph-html-content-25449" class="html-content" data-js="html-content"> <div class="html-content__body"> <div class="ck-content"><p>Yale University and the Genocide Studies Program acknowledge that indigenous peoples and nations, including Mohegan, Mashantucket Pequot, Eastern Pequot, Schaghticoke, Golden Hill Paugussett, Niantic, and the Quinnipiac and other Algonquian speaking peoples, have stewarded through generations the lands and waterways of what is now the state of Connecticut.  We honor and respect the enduring relationship that exists between these peoples and nations and this land.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region--gap-sm layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="layout__region-item"> <div id="paragraph-image-25448" class="image image--mask-ultrawide-complex-4" data-js="image"> <div class="image__wrapper"> <figure data-js="media-image" class="media media--image"> <picture> <source media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="1440" height="720" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_1440/public/2024-06/tuol_sleng_barbed_wire.webp?h=20ae8b5f&itok=Fw0d2iLV 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_2880/public/2024-06/tuol_sleng_barbed_wire.webp?h=20ae8b5f&itok=TRWF31_R 2x"/> <source media="all and (min-width: 1024px)" type="image/webp" width="907" height="453" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_907/public/2024-06/tuol_sleng_barbed_wire.webp?h=20ae8b5f&itok=ns6Rv40j 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_1815/public/2024-06/tuol_sleng_barbed_wire.webp?h=20ae8b5f&itok=BxVgzCk0 2x"/> <source media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="720" height="360" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_720/public/2024-06/tuol_sleng_barbed_wire.webp?h=20ae8b5f&itok=hp6earwc 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_1440/public/2024-06/tuol_sleng_barbed_wire.webp?h=20ae8b5f&itok=Fw0d2iLV 2x"/> <source type="image/webp" width="360" height="478" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/portrait_360/public/2024-06/tuol_sleng_barbed_wire.webp?h=20ae8b5f&itok=G0YqCvDV 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/portrait_720/public/2024-06/tuol_sleng_barbed_wire.webp?h=20ae8b5f&itok=6YMXIghx 2x"/> <source media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1440" height="720" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_1440/public/2024-06/tuol_sleng_barbed_wire.jpg?h=20ae8b5f&itok=Fw0d2iLV 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_2880/public/2024-06/tuol_sleng_barbed_wire.jpg?h=20ae8b5f&itok=TRWF31_R 2x"/> <source media="all and (min-width: 1024px)" type="image/jpeg" width="907" height="453" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_907/public/2024-06/tuol_sleng_barbed_wire.jpg?h=20ae8b5f&itok=ns6Rv40j 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_1815/public/2024-06/tuol_sleng_barbed_wire.jpg?h=20ae8b5f&itok=BxVgzCk0 2x"/> <source media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="720" height="360" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_720/public/2024-06/tuol_sleng_barbed_wire.jpg?h=20ae8b5f&itok=hp6earwc 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/ultrawide_1440/public/2024-06/tuol_sleng_barbed_wire.jpg?h=20ae8b5f&itok=Fw0d2iLV 2x"/> <source type="image/jpeg" width="360" height="478" data-srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/portrait_360/public/2024-06/tuol_sleng_barbed_wire.jpg?h=20ae8b5f&itok=G0YqCvDV 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/portrait_720/public/2024-06/tuol_sleng_barbed_wire.jpg?h=20ae8b5f&itok=6YMXIghx 2x"/> <img loading="lazy" width="360" height="478" alt="tuol sleng barbed wire" class="lazyload" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/portrait_360/public/2024-06/tuol_sleng_barbed_wire.jpg?h=20ae8b5f&itok=G0YqCvDV" /> </picture> </figure> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="site-footer__group-connect-with"> <section class="group-connect-with"> <div class="group-connect-with__content"> <h2 class="group-connect-with__heading">Connect with Genocide Studies Program</h2> <div class="group-connect-with__link-container"> <div class="group-connect-with__newsletter-signup"> <a href="https://subscribe.yale.edu/login?returnURL=https%3A//subscribe.yale.edu/browse%3Fsearch%3DGenocide%2BStudies%2BProgram">Sign up for our newsletter</a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="site-footer__content"> <div class="site-footer__branding-group"> <div class="site-footer__yale">Yale</div> <div class="site-footer__site-name">The Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International & Area Studies at Yale</div> <div class="site-footer__newsletter-cta"> <a href="https://subscribe.yale.edu/login?returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Fsubscribe.yale.edu%2Fbrowse%3Farea%3Da0df400000BaUu7AAF">Subscribe</a> </div> <div class="site-footer__social-menu"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-social-menu" id="block-social" class="block-social-menu" data-js="block-social-menu"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-social-menu">Social Menu</h2> <ul class="menu menu--social menu--level-0" data-js="social-menu"> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/YaleMacMillan" aria-label="Go to MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale's Facebook page" title="Facebook"><i class="fab fa-facebook"></i></a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="https://twitter.com/YaleMacmillan" aria-label="Go to MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale's Twitter X page" title="Twitter X"><i class="fal fa-globe"></i></a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLACAA5E35D77BA4B0" aria-label="Go to MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale's YouTube page" title="YouTube"><i class="fab fa-youtube"></i></a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="site-footer__legal"> <div class="site-footer__copyright">Copyright ©2024 Yale University.<br />All rights reserved.</div> <div class="site-footer__corporate-menu"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-corporate-menu" id="block-corporate" class="block-corporate-menu" data-js="block-corporate-menu"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-corporate-menu">Corporate Menu</h2> <ul class="menu menu--corporate menu--level-0" data-js="corporate-menu"> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="https://usability.yale.edu/web-accessibility/accessibility-yale">Accessibility at Yale</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="https://privacy.yale.edu/resources/privacy-statement">Privacy</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer__initiatives-menu"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-initiatives-menu" id="block-initiatives" class="block-initiatives-menu" data-js="block-initiatives-menu"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-initiatives-menu">Councils and Programs Menu</h2> <ul class="menu menu--initiatives menu--level-0" data-js="initiatives-menu"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--has-submenu"> <a href="/node/14/regional-councils-global-programs">Councils & Programs</a> <ul class="menu menu--initiatives menu--level-1 menu--submenu"> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/buddhism">Buddhist Studies Initiative</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/chess">Center for Historical Enquiry & the Social Sciences</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/canada">Committee on Canadian Studies</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="https://campuspress.yale.edu/yaleicl/" target="_blank">Conflict & Identity Lab</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/crh">Conflict, Resilience, and Health Program</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/africa">Council on African Studies</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/eastasia">Council on East Asian Studies </a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/latam">Council on Latin American & Iberian Studies</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/middleeast">Council on Middle East Studies</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/southeast-asia">Council on Southeast Asia Studies</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/europe">European Studies Council</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/foxfellowship">Fox International Fellowship</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/gsp">Genocide Studies Program</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/glc">Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/hellenic">Hellenic Studies Program</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="https://ie.yale.edu/" target="_blank">Inclusion Economics</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="https://campuspress.yale.edu/interasia/" target="_blank">InterAsia Initiative</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/leitner">Leitner Program in International and Comparative Political Economy</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/pvl">Political Violence and its Legacies Workshop</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/agrarian">Program in Agrarian Studies</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/southasia">South Asian Studies Council</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/translation">Translation Initiative</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/cri">Yale Center for the Study of Representative Institutions </a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="https://yrise.yale.edu" target="_blank">Yale Research Initiative on Innovation & Scale (Y-RISE)</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="site-footer__additional-nav"> <div class="site-footer__priorities-menu"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-priorities-menu" id="block-priorities" class="block-priorities-menu" data-js="block-priorities-menu"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-priorities-menu">Priorities</h2> <ul class="menu menu--priorities menu--level-0" data-js="priorities-menu"> <li class="menu__item menu__item--has-submenu"> <a href="/node/1434831/priorities">Priorities</a> <ul class="menu menu--priorities menu--level-1 menu--submenu"> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/1434450/humanity">Humanity</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/1434447/dignity">Dignity</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/1434449/good-governance">Good Governance</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/1434448/environment">Environment</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/1434445/climate-change">Climate Change</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/1434452/societal-resilience">Societal Resilience</a> </li> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/node/1434451/leadership-service">Leadership & Service</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="site-footer__footer-menu"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-footer-menu" id="block-footer" class="block-footer-menu" data-js="block-footer-menu"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-footer-menu">Footer Menu</h2> <ul class="menu menu--footer menu--level-0" data-js="footer-menu"> <li class="menu__item"> <a href="/" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">Academics</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="0" height="0" viewBox="0 0 800 400" preserveAspectRatio="none"><defs><clipPath id="complex-shape-1" clipPathUnits="objectBoundingBox" transform="scale(0.00125, 0.0025)"><path d="M0,400V0h401v179.87C411.09,78.86,496.33,0,600,0c110.46,0,200,89.54,200,200s-89.54,200-200,200c-103.67,0-188.91-78.86-199-179.87V280c0,66.27-53.86,120-120.3,120H0z"/></clipPath><clipPath id="complex-shape-2" clipPathUnits="objectBoundingBox" transform="scale(0.00125, 0.0025)"><path d="M800,0v400H0V120C0,53.73,53.73,0,120,0H800z"/></clipPath><clipPath id="complex-shape-3" clipPathUnits="objectBoundingBox" transform="scale(0.00125, 0.0025)"><path d="M800,0v280c0,66.27-53.73,120-120,120H0V0h400v120C400,53.73,453.73,0,520,0H800z"/></clipPath><clipPath id="complex-shape-4" clipPathUnits="objectBoundingBox" transform="scale(0.00125, 0.0025)"><path d="M800,0v400H400V280c0,66.27-53.73,120-120,120H0V120C0,53.73,53.73,0,120,0h280v120C400,53.73,453.73,0,520,0H800z"/></clipPath><clipPath id="complex-shape-5" clipPathUnits="objectBoundingBox" transform="scale(0.00125, 0.0025)"><path d="M800,0v400H400V280c0,66.27-53.73,120-120,120H0V0h400v120C400,53.73,453.73,0,520,0H800z"/></clipPath><clipPath id="complex-shape-6" clipPathUnits="objectBoundingBox" transform="scale(0.00125, 0.0025)"><path d="M800,0v400H399V220.13C388.91,321.14,303.67,400,200,400C89.54,400,0,310.46,0,200S89.54,0,200,0c103.67,0,188.91,78.86,199,179.87V0H800z"/></clipPath><clipPath id="complex-shape-7" clipPathUnits="objectBoundingBox" transform="scale(0.00125, 0.0025)"><path d="M800,0v400H399V220.13C388.91,321.14,303.67,400,200,400C89.54,400,0,310.46,0,200S89.54,0,200,0c103.67,0,188.91,78.86,199,179.87V120C399,53.73,452.86,0,519.3,0H800z"/></clipPath></defs></svg> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({"drupalLanguage":"en","drupalCountry":null,"siteName":"MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale","entityUuid":"2f4f57d5-3d31-4a2c-ab74-44d3052ec727","entityType":"group","entityBundle":"initiative","entityId":"11","entityTitle":"Genocide Studies Program","userUid":0});</script> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"group\/11","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"dataLayer":{"defaultLang":"en","languages":{"en":{"id":"en","name":"English","direction":"ltr","weight":0}}},"lazy":{"lazysizes":{"lazyClass":"lazyload","loadedClass":"lazyloaded","loadingClass":"lazyloading","preloadClass":"lazypreload","errorClass":"lazyerror","autosizesClass":"lazyautosizes","srcAttr":"data-src","srcsetAttr":"data-srcset","sizesAttr":"data-sizes","minSize":40,"customMedia":[],"init":true,"expFactor":1.5,"hFac":0.8,"loadMode":2,"loadHidden":true,"ricTimeout":0,"throttleDelay":125,"plugins":[]},"placeholderSrc":"","preferNative":false,"minified":true,"libraryPath":"\/libraries\/lazysizes"},"radioactivity":{"type":"default","endpoint":"https:\/\/macmillan.yale.edu\/radioactivity\/emit"},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"dd465b7061c828409322470e89d3e8e77ef5f0405eb328b16e66acc34e527b55"}}</script> <script src="/core/misc/drupalSettingsLoader.js?v=10.3.6"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupal.js?v=10.3.6"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupal.init.js?v=10.3.6"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/datalayer/js/datalayer.js?v=1.x"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/lazy/js/lazy.js?v=10.3.6"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/base/base.js?sn9ckw"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/site-layout/site-layout.js?sn9ckw"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/site-layout/site-header/site-header.js?sn9ckw"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/site-layout/main-menu-toggle/main-menu-toggle.js?sn9ckw"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/layouts/layouts.js?sn9ckw" defer></script> <script src="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/node/node-teaser/node-teaser.js?sn9ckw" defer></script> <script src="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/paragraph/banner/banner.js?sn9ckw" defer></script> <script src="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/navigation/group-menu/group-menu.js?sn9ckw"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/macmillan/ui/dist/block/branding-block/branding-block.js?sn9ckw"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Genocide Studies Program