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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAMMER" title="HAMMER – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="HAMMER" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B1_(%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85)" title="همر (فایل‌سیستم) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="همر (فایل‌سیستم)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAMMER" title="HAMMER – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="HAMMER" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAMMER_(%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5)" title="HAMMER (файлдық жүйе) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="HAMMER (файлдық жүйе)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAMMER" title="HAMMER – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="HAMMER" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAMMER" title="HAMMER – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="HAMMER" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAMMER" title="HAMMER – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="HAMMER" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAMMER" title="HAMMER – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="HAMMER" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAMMER_(%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="HAMMER (файловая система) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="HAMMER (файловая система)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAMMER" title="HAMMER – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="HAMMER" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2498917#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/HAMMER_(file_system)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:HAMMER_(file_system)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">File system from DragonFly BSD</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Promotional plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Advert" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">promotional content</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HAMMER_(file_system)&action=edit">improve it</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam" title="Wikipedia:Spam">promotional language</a> and inappropriate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, and by adding encyclopedic text written from a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">HAMMER</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Software developer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Dillon_(computer_scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Dillon (computer scientist)">Matthew Dillon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Full name</th><td class="infobox-data">HAMMER</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Introduced</th><td class="infobox-data">July 21, 2008<span class="noprint">; 16 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2008-07-21</span>)</span> with <a href="/wiki/DragonFly_BSD" title="DragonFly BSD">DragonFly BSD</a> 2.0<sup id="cite_ref-lor-2007_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lor-2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-phoronix_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phoronix-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Structures</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Directory contents</th><td class="infobox-data">Modified <a href="/wiki/B%2B_tree" title="B+ tree">B+ tree</a><sup id="cite_ref-hammer-design-doc_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hammer-design-doc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Limits</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Max volume size</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">1 <a href="/wiki/EiB" class="mw-redirect" title="EiB">EiB</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-hammer-design-doc_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hammer-design-doc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Features</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fork_(file_system)" title="Fork (file system)">Forks</a></th><td class="infobox-data">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/File_system_permissions" class="mw-redirect" title="File system permissions">File system<br />permissions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">UNIX permissions</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Transparent<br />compression</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Data_deduplication" title="Data deduplication">Data deduplication</a></th><td class="infobox-data">On demand</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Supported<br /><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/DragonFly_BSD" title="DragonFly BSD">DragonFly BSD</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>HAMMER</b> is a high-availability <a href="/wiki/64-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="64-bit">64-bit</a> <a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">file system</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Dillon_(computer_scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Dillon (computer scientist)">Matthew Dillon</a> for <a href="/wiki/DragonFly_BSD" title="DragonFly BSD">DragonFly BSD</a> using <a href="/wiki/B%2B_tree" title="B+ tree">B+ trees</a>. Its major features include infinite NFS-exportable <a href="/wiki/Snapshot_(computer_storage)" title="Snapshot (computer storage)">snapshots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master/slave_(technology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master/slave (technology)">master–multislave</a> operation, configurable history retention, <a href="/wiki/Fsck" title="Fsck">fsckless</a>-mount, and <a href="/wiki/Checksums" class="mw-redirect" title="Checksums">checksums</a> to deal with <a href="/wiki/Data_corruption" title="Data corruption">data corruption</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-man-5-hammer_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-man-5-hammer-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> HAMMER also supports data block <a href="/wiki/Data_deduplication" title="Data deduplication">deduplication</a>, meaning that identical data blocks will be stored only once on a file system.<sup id="cite_ref-dedup-devblog_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dedup-devblog-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A successor, <a href="/wiki/HAMMER2" title="HAMMER2">HAMMER2</a>, was announced in 2011 and became the default in Dragonfly 5.2 (April 2018).<sup id="cite_ref-hammer2-plan_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hammer2-plan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HAMMER_(file_system)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>HAMMER file system provides configurable fine-grained and coarse-grained filesystem histories with online snapshots availability. Up to 65536 <i><a href="/wiki/Master/slave_(technology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master/slave (technology)">master</a></i> (read–write) and <i>slave</i> (read-only) <a href="/wiki/Pseudo_file_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo file system">pseudo file systems</a> (PFSs), with independent individual retention parameters and inode numbering, may be created for each file system; PFS may be mirrored to multiple slaves both locally or over network connection with near real-time performance. No file system checking is required on <a href="/wiki/Mount_(computing)" title="Mount (computing)">remount</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-man-5-hammer_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-man-5-hammer-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-descr-page_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-descr-page-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lwn_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lwn-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bsdmag_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bsdmag-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>HAMMER supports volumes up to 1 <a href="/wiki/EiB" class="mw-redirect" title="EiB">EiB</a> of storage capacity. File system supports <a href="/wiki/Cyclic_redundancy_check" title="Cyclic redundancy check">CRC</a> checksumming of data and metadata, online layout correction and <a href="/wiki/Data_deduplication" title="Data deduplication">data deduplication</a>, and dynamic <a href="/wiki/Inode" title="Inode">inodes</a> allocation with an effectively unlimited number of inodes.<sup id="cite_ref-descr-page_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-descr-page-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-man-8-hammer_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-man-8-hammer-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-serverwatch_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-serverwatch-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Limitations">Limitations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HAMMER_(file_system)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Limitations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of May 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HAMMER_(file_system)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, regular maintenance is required to keep the file system clean and regain space after file deletions. By default, a <a href="/wiki/Cron" title="Cron">cron</a> job performs the necessary actions on DragonFly BSD daily. HAMMER does not support multi-master configurations.<sup id="cite_ref-descr-page_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-descr-page-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bsdmag_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bsdmag-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performance">Performance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HAMMER_(file_system)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>HAMMER is optimized to reduce the number of physical I/O operations to cover the most likely path,<sup id="cite_ref-kerneltrap-2007_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kerneltrap-2007-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ensuring <a href="/wiki/Sequential_access" title="Sequential access">sequential access</a> for optimal performance. </p><p>The following performance-related improvements were introduced in <span data-sort-value="000000002011-07-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 2011</span>:<sup id="cite_ref-ml-2011-07_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ml-2011-07-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Increased disk read speed in certain scenarios by implementing pulse-width modulated time-domain multiplexer on B-tree cursor operation</li> <li>Removed a deadlock stalling issue</li> <li>Improved read performance during heavy, concurrent file write operations</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HAMMER_(file_system)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="HAMMER2"></span> HAMMER was developed specifically for DragonFly BSD to provide a feature-rich yet better designed analogue<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (June 2022)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> of the then increasingly popular <a href="/wiki/ZFS" title="ZFS">ZFS</a>. </p><p>HAMMER was declared production-ready with DragonFly 2.2 in 2009;<sup id="cite_ref-lwn_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lwn-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2012, design-level work shifted onto <a href="/wiki/HAMMER2" title="HAMMER2">HAMMER2</a>, which was declared stable with DragonFly 5.2 in 2018. </p><p>As of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HAMMER_(file_system)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, HAMMER is now often referred to as HAMMER1 to avoid confusion with HAMMER2, although an official renaming has not happened. Both filesystems are independent of each other due to different on-disk formats,<sup id="cite_ref-hammer_disk.h_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hammer_disk.h-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hammer2_disk.h_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hammer2_disk.h-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and continue to receive separate updates and improvements independently.<sup id="cite_ref-4c09d9c4fd910651904ede280ad90a4abf3fc5d7_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4c09d9c4fd910651904ede280ad90a4abf3fc5d7-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HAMMER_(file_system)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/28px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/42px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/56px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_file_systems" title="Comparison of file systems">Comparison of file systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_file_systems" title="List of file systems">List of file systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAMMER2" title="HAMMER2">HAMMER2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZFS" title="ZFS">ZFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Btrfs" title="Btrfs">Btrfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenZFS" title="OpenZFS">OpenZFS</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HAMMER_(file_system)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-lor-2007-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lor-2007_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linux.org.ru/news/bsd/2202377">"В состав DragonFlyBSD 2.0 будет включена файловая система HAMMER"</a>. <i>Linux.org.ru</i> (in Russian). 2007-10-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Linux.org.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2+DragonFlyBSD+2.0+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0+HAMMER&rft.date=2007-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linux.org.ru%2Fnews%2Fbsd%2F2202377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHAMMER+%28file+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-phoronix-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-phoronix_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarabel2011" class="citation web cs1">Larabel, Michael (7 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=dragonfly_hammer&num=1">"Can DragonFlyBSD's HAMMER Compete With Btrfs, ZFS?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Phoronix" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoronix">Phoronix</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Phoronix&rft.atitle=Can+DragonFlyBSD%27s+HAMMER+Compete+With+Btrfs%2C+ZFS%3F&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.aulast=Larabel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoronix.com%2Fscan.php%3Fpage%3Darticle%26item%3Ddragonfly_hammer%26num%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHAMMER+%28file+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hammer-design-doc-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hammer-design-doc_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hammer-design-doc_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDillon2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Dillon_(computer_scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Dillon (computer scientist)">Dillon, Matthew</a> (21 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dragonflybsd.org/hammer/hammer.pdf">"THE HAMMER FILESYSTEM"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+HAMMER+FILESYSTEM&rft.date=2008-06-21&rft.aulast=Dillon&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dragonflybsd.org%2Fhammer%2Fhammer.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHAMMER+%28file+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=HAMMER2-LZ4-Default">"HAMMER2 File-System Now Uses LZ4 Compression By Default - Phoronix"</a>. <i>www.phoronix.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.phoronix.com&rft.atitle=HAMMER2+File-System+Now+Uses+LZ4+Compression+By+Default+-+Phoronix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoronix.com%2Fscan.php%3Fpage%3Dnews_item%26px%3DHAMMER2-LZ4-Default&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHAMMER+%28file+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-man-5-hammer-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-man-5-hammer_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-man-5-hammer_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://leaf.dragonflybsd.org/cgi/web-man?command=hammer&section=5">hammer(5)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/DragonFly_BSD" title="DragonFly BSD">DragonFly BSD</a> File Formats <a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dedup-devblog-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dedup-devblog_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherrill2010" class="citation web cs1">Sherrill, Justin (7 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111003092020/http://www.shiningsilence.com/dbsdlog/2010/11/07/6740.html">"Deduplication arrives"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shiningsilence.com/dbsdlog/2010/11/07/6740.html">the original</a> on 2011-10-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-11-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DragonFly+BSD&rft.atitle=HAMMER&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dragonflybsd.org%2Fhammer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHAMMER+%28file+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lwn-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lwn_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lwn_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVervloesem2010" class="citation web cs1">Vervloesem, Koen (21 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/384200/">"DragonFly BSD 2.6: towards a free clustering operating system"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/LWN.net" title="LWN.net">LWN.net</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LWN.net&rft.atitle=DragonFly+BSD+2.6%3A+towards+a+free+clustering+operating+system&rft.date=2010-04-21&rft.aulast=Vervloesem&rft.aufirst=Koen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flwn.net%2FArticles%2F384200%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHAMMER+%28file+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bsdmag-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bsdmag_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bsdmag_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge2014" class="citation journal cs1">George, Siju (May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140527211930/http://bsdmag.org/system/articles/attachment1s/15222/original/BSD_05_2014.pdf">"Working with Hammer File System and PFSes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=BSD_Magazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BSD Magazine (page does not exist)">BSD Magazine</a></i>. <b>8</b> (5). Warsaw, Poland: Hakin9 Media SK: 18–23. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bsdmag.org/system/articles/attachment1s/15222/original/BSD_05_2014.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BSD+Magazine&rft.atitle=Working+with+Hammer+File+System+and+PFSes&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=18-23&rft.date=2014-05&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=Siju&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbsdmag.org%2Fsystem%2Farticles%2Fattachment1s%2F15222%2Foriginal%2FBSD_05_2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHAMMER+%28file+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-man-8-hammer-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-man-8-hammer_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://leaf.dragonflybsd.org/cgi/web-man?command=hammer&section=8">hammer(8)</a></code></span> – <a href="/wiki/DragonFly_BSD" title="DragonFly BSD">DragonFly BSD</a> System Maintenance and Operation Commands <a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">Manual</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-serverwatch-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-serverwatch_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKemp2008" class="citation web cs1">Kemp, Juliet (4 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140527215125/http://www.serverwatch.com/article.php/3763031">"Tip of the Trade: Dragonfly BSD and the Hammer Filesystem"</a>. <i>ServerWatch</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.serverwatch.com/article.php/3763031">the original</a> on 2014-05-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ServerWatch&rft.atitle=Tip+of+the+Trade%3A+Dragonfly+BSD+and+the+Hammer+Filesystem&rft.date=2008-08-04&rft.aulast=Kemp&rft.aufirst=Juliet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.serverwatch.com%2Farticle.php%2F3763031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHAMMER+%28file+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kerneltrap-2007-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kerneltrap-2007_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeremy_Andrews2007" class="citation web cs1">Jeremy Andrews (2007-10-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111104230134/http://kerneltrap.org/DragonFlyBSD/HAMMER_Performance">"HAMMER Performance"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/KernelTrap" title="KernelTrap">KernelTrap</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kerneltrap.org/DragonFlyBSD/HAMMER_Performance">the original</a> on 2011-11-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KernelTrap&rft.atitle=HAMMER+Performance&rft.date=2007-10-14&rft.au=Jeremy+Andrews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkerneltrap.org%2FDragonFlyBSD%2FHAMMER_Performance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHAMMER+%28file+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ml-2011-07-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ml-2011-07_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDillon2011" class="citation mailinglist cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Dillon_(computer_scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Dillon (computer scientist)">Dillon, Matthew</a> (22 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://leaf.dragonflybsd.org/mailarchive/commits/2011-07/msg00086.html">"git: HAMMER VFS - Add code to reduce frontend vs flusher locking conflicts"</a>. <i>commits</i> (Mailing list).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=git%3A+HAMMER+VFS+-+Add+code+to+reduce+frontend+vs+flusher+locking+conflicts&rft.date=2011-07-22&rft.aulast=Dillon&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fleaf.dragonflybsd.org%2Fmailarchive%2Fcommits%2F2011-07%2Fmsg00086.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHAMMER+%28file+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hammer_disk.h-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hammer_disk.h_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_Dillon2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Dillon" title="Matthew Dillon">Matthew Dillon</a> (2017-09-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bxr.su/d/sys/vfs/hammer/hammer_disk.h">"hammer_disk.h"</a>. <i>BSD Cross Reference</i>. <a href="/wiki/DragonFly_BSD" title="DragonFly BSD">DragonFly BSD</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BSD+Cross+Reference&rft.atitle=hammer_disk.h&rft.date=2017-09-23&rft.au=Matthew+Dillon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbxr.su%2Fd%2Fsys%2Fvfs%2Fhammer%2Fhammer_disk.h&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHAMMER+%28file+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hammer2_disk.h-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hammer2_disk.h_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_Dillon2018" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Dillon" title="Matthew Dillon">Matthew Dillon</a> (2018-05-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bxr.su/d/sys/vfs/hammer2/hammer2_disk.h">"hammer2_disk.h"</a>. <i>BSD Cross Reference</i>. <a href="/wiki/DragonFly_BSD" title="DragonFly BSD">DragonFly BSD</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BSD+Cross+Reference&rft.atitle=hammer2_disk.h&rft.date=2018-05-05&rft.au=Matthew+Dillon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbxr.su%2Fd%2Fsys%2Fvfs%2Fhammer2%2Fhammer2_disk.h&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHAMMER+%28file+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4c09d9c4fd910651904ede280ad90a4abf3fc5d7-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4c09d9c4fd910651904ede280ad90a4abf3fc5d7_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_Dillon2017" class="citation mailinglist cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Dillon" title="Matthew Dillon">Matthew Dillon</a> (2017-03-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lists.dragonflybsd.org/pipermail/commits/2017-March/625653.html">"git: hammer - HAMMER Version 7"</a>. <i>commits@DragonFly</i> (Mailing list)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=git%3A+hammer+-+HAMMER+Version+7&rft.date=2017-03-27&rft.au=Matthew+Dillon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flists.dragonflybsd.org%2Fpipermail%2Fcommits%2F2017-March%2F625653.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHAMMER+%28file+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HAMMER_(file_system)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dragonflybsd.org/hammer/">Official website</a></span></span> <span 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<li><a href="/wiki/NVM_Express" title="NVM Express">NVMe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procfs" title="Procfs">procfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PUFFS_(NetBSD)" title="PUFFS (NetBSD)">PUFFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tmpfs#BSD" title="Tmpfs">tmpfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_File_System" title="Unix File System">UFS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soft_updates" title="Soft updates">soft updates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinum_volume_manager" title="Vinum volume manager">Vinum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_file_system" title="Virtual file system">VFS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Firewall_(computing)" title="Firewall (computing)">Firewalls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">networking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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href="/wiki/Busdma" title="Busdma">busdma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DPorts" class="mw-redirect" title="DPorts">DPorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioctl" title="Ioctl">ioctl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kqueue" title="Kqueue">kqueue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moused" title="Moused">moused</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenPAM" title="OpenPAM">OpenPAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sysctl" title="Sysctl">sysctl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hw.sensors" title="Hw.sensors">hw.sensors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systat_(BSD)" title="Systat (BSD)">systat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Management_Bus" title="System Management Bus">SMBus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Dillon" title="Matthew Dillon">Matthew Dillon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="File_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:File_systems" title="Template:File systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:File_systems" title="Template talk:File systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Disc_Filing_System" title="Advanced Disc Filing System">ADFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AdvFS" title="AdvFS">AdvFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Fast_File_System" title="Amiga Fast File System">Amiga FFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Old_File_System" title="Amiga Old File System">Amiga OFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_File_System" title="Apple File System">APFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AtheOS_File_System" class="mw-redirect" title="AtheOS File System">AthFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bcachefs" title="Bcachefs">bcachefs</a></li> <li>BFS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Be_File_System" title="Be File System">Be File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boot_File_System" title="Boot File System">Boot File System</a></li> <li>Byte File System (<a href="/wiki/Z/VM" title="Z/VM">z/VM</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Btrfs" title="Btrfs">Btrfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StorNext_File_System" title="StorNext File System">CVFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXFS" title="CXFS">CXFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_Filing_System" title="Disc Filing System">DFS</a></li> <li>EFS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encrypting_File_System" title="Encrypting File System">Encrypting File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extent_File_System" title="Extent File System">Extent File System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episode_filesystem" title="Episode filesystem">Episode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_file_system" title="Extended file system">ext</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ext2" title="Ext2">ext2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ext3" title="Ext3">ext3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ext3cow" title="Ext3cow">ext3cow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ext4" title="Ext4">ext4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ExFAT" title="ExFAT">exFAT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Files-11" title="Files-11">Files-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_(file_system)" title="Fossil (file system)">Fossil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPFS" title="GPFS">GPFS</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">HAMMER</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HAMMER2" title="HAMMER2">HAMMER2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_File_System_(Apple)" title="Hierarchical File System (Apple)">HFS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_File_System_(IBM_MVS)" title="Hierarchical File System (IBM MVS)">HFS</a> (<a href="/wiki/MVS" title="MVS">MVS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HFS_Plus" title="HFS Plus">HFS+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Performance_File_System" title="High Performance File System">HPFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Throughput_File_System" title="High Throughput File System">HTFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JFS_(file_system)" title="JFS (file system)">JFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log-structured_File_System_(BSD)" title="Log-structured File System (BSD)">LFS</a></li> <li>MFS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_File_System" title="Macintosh File System">Macintosh File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TiVo_Media_File_System" title="TiVo Media File System">TiVo Media File System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MINIX_file_system" title="MINIX file system">MINIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetWare_File_System" title="NetWare File System">NetWare File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next3" title="Next3">Next3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NILFS" title="NILFS">NILFS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NILFS" title="NILFS">NILFS2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novell_Storage_Services" title="Novell Storage Services">NSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS" title="NTFS">NTFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneFS_distributed_file_system" title="OneFS distributed file system">OneFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenZFS" title="OpenZFS">OpenZFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_File_System" title="Professional File System">PFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QFS" title="QFS">QFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QNX4FS" title="QNX4FS">QNX4FS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReFS" title="ReFS">ReFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReiserFS" title="ReiserFS">ReiserFS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reiser4" title="Reiser4">Reiser4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datalight#Reliance_family" title="Datalight">Reliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datalight#Reliance_Nitro" title="Datalight">Reliance Nitro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_File_Sharing" title="Remote File Sharing">RFS</a></li> <li>SFS <ul><li>Shared File System (<a href="/wiki/VM_(operating_system)" title="VM (operating system)">VM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_File_System" title="Smart File System">Smart File System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StorNext_File_System" title="StorNext File System">SNFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup_(Apple)" title="Soup (Apple)">Soup (Apple)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tux3" title="Tux3">Tux3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBIFS" title="UBIFS">UBIFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_File_System" title="Unix File System">UFS/UFS2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soft_updates" title="Soft updates">soft updates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_Ahead_Physical_Block_Logging" title="Write Ahead Physical Block Logging">WAPBL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veritas_File_System" title="Veritas File System">VxFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_Anywhere_File_Layout" title="Write Anywhere File Layout">WAFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiafs" title="Xiafs">Xiafs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFS" title="XFS">XFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xsan" title="Xsan">Xsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZFS_(z/OS_file_system)" title="ZFS (z/OS file system)">zFS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Z/OS" title="Z/OS">z/OS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZFS" title="ZFS">ZFS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc" title="Optical disc">Optical disc</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Sierra_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="High Sierra Format">HSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">ISO 9660</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13490" title="ISO 13490">ISO 13490</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">UDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">Flash memory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">SSD</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_File_System" title="Apple File System">APFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExFAT" title="ExFAT">exFAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transaction-Safe_FAT_File_System" title="Transaction-Safe FAT File System">TFAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EROFS" title="EROFS">EROFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F2FS" title="F2FS">F2FS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JFS_(file_system)" title="JFS (file system)">JFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Volatile_File_System" title="Non-Volatile File System">NVFS</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="host-side_wear_leveling" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">host-side <a href="/wiki/Wear_leveling" title="Wear leveling">wear leveling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CHFS" title="CHFS">CHFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JFFS" title="JFFS">JFFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JFFS2" title="JFFS2">JFFS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LogFS" title="LogFS">LogFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NILFS" title="NILFS">NILFS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NILFS" title="NILFS">NILFS2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YAFFS" title="YAFFS">YAFFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBIFS" title="UBIFS">UBIFS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Clustered_file_system#Distributed_file_systems" title="Clustered file system">Distributed parallel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BeeGFS" title="BeeGFS">BeeGFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceph_(software)" title="Ceph (software)">Ceph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXFS" title="CXFS">CXFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GFS2" title="GFS2">GFS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_File_System" title="Google File System">Google File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCFS2" title="OCFS2">OCFS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrangeFS" title="OrangeFS">OrangeFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_Virtual_File_System" title="Parallel Virtual File System">PVFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantcast_File_System" title="Quantcast File System">QFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xsan" title="Xsan">Xsan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_file_systems#Distributed_parallel_file_systems" title="List of file systems">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Network-attached_storage" title="Network-attached storage">NAS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9P_(protocol)" title="9P (protocol)">9P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_File_System" title="Andrew File System">AFS</a> (<a href="/wiki/OpenAFS" title="OpenAFS">OpenAFS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Filing_Protocol" title="Apple Filing Protocol">AFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coda_(file_system)" title="Coda (file system)">Coda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_File_System_(Microsoft)" title="Distributed File System (Microsoft)">DFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_File_System" title="Google File System">Google File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPFS" title="GPFS">GPFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lustre_(file_system)" title="Lustre (file system)">Lustre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetWare_Core_Protocol" title="NetWare Core Protocol">NCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_File_System" title="Network File System">NFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliptics" title="Elliptics">POHMELFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Hadoop" title="Apache Hadoop">Hadoop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server_Message_Block" title="Server Message Block">SMB (CIFS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSHFS" title="SSHFS">SSHFS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_file_systems#Distributed_file_systems" title="List of file systems">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aufs" title="Aufs">Aufs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AXFS" title="AXFS">AXFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boot_File_System" title="Boot File System">Boot File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDfs" title="CDfs">CDfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_File_System" title="Compact Disc File System">Compact Disc File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cramfs" title="Cramfs">cramfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davfs2" title="Davfs2">Davfs2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EROFS" title="EROFS">EROFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTPFS" title="FTPFS">FTPFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filesystem_in_Userspace" title="Filesystem in Userspace">FUSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lnfs" title="Lnfs">Lnfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Tape_File_System" title="Linear Tape File System">LTFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOVA_(filesystem)" title="NOVA (filesystem)">NOVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational_MultiVersion_File_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Rational MultiVersion File System">MVFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SquashFS" title="SquashFS">SquashFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAT_filesystem_and_Linux" title="FAT filesystem and Linux">UMSDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OverlayFS" title="OverlayFS">OverlayFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UnionFS" title="UnionFS">UnionFS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pseudo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Configfs" title="Configfs">configfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Device_file" title="Device file">devfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debugfs" title="Debugfs">debugfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernfs_(BSD)" title="Kernfs (BSD)">kernfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procfs" title="Procfs">procfs</a></li> <li>specfs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sysfs" title="Sysfs">sysfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tmpfs" title="Tmpfs">tmpfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinFS" title="WinFS">WinFS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Filesystem-level_encryption" title="Filesystem-level encryption">Encrypted</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ECryptfs" title="ECryptfs">eCryptfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EncFS" title="EncFS">EncFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encrypting_File_System" title="Encrypting File System">EFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubberhose_(file_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubberhose (file system)">Rubberhose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSHFS" title="SSHFS">SSHFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_ZFS" title="Oracle ZFS">ZFS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clustered_file_system" title="Clustered file system">Clustered</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_file_system" title="Global file system">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grid_file_system" title="Grid file system">Grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-certifying_File_System" title="Self-certifying File System">Self-certifying</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_file_system" title="Flash file system">Flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journaling_file_system" title="Journaling file system">Journaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log-structured_file_system" title="Log-structured file system">Log-structured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_storage" title="Object storage">Object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record-oriented_filesystem" title="Record-oriented filesystem">Record-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_file_system" title="Semantic file system">Semantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steganographic_file_system" title="Steganographic file system">Steganographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_file_system" title="Synthetic file system">Synthetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versioning_file_system" title="Versioning file system">Versioning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Case_preservation" title="Case preservation">Case preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copy-on-write" title="Copy-on-write">Copy-on-write</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_deduplication" title="Data deduplication">Data deduplication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_scrubbing" title="Data scrubbing">Data scrubbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execute_in_place" title="Execute in place">Execute in place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extent_(file_systems)" title="Extent (file systems)">Extent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_attribute" title="File attribute">File attribute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extended_file_attributes" title="Extended file attributes">Extended file attributes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_change_log" title="File change log">File change log</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fork_(file_system)" title="Fork (file system)">Fork</a></li> <li>Links <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_link" title="Hard link">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolic_link" title="Symbolic link">Symbolic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_access_control" title="Computer access control">Access control</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Access-control_list" title="Access-control list">Access-control list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filesystem-level_encryption" title="Filesystem-level encryption">Filesystem-level encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File-system_permissions" title="File-system permissions">Permissions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chmod" title="Chmod">Modes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sticky_bit" title="Sticky bit">Sticky bit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interface_(computing)" title="Interface (computing)">Interfaces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File_manager" title="File manager">File manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_system_API" title="File system API">File system API</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Installable_File_System" title="Installable File System">Installable File System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_file_system" title="Virtual file system">Virtual file system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_file_systems" title="List of file systems">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cryptographic_file_systems" title="List of cryptographic file systems">Cryptographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_default_file_systems" title="List of default file systems">Default</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_log-structured_file_systems" title="List of log-structured file systems">Log-structured</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Layouts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Master_Boot_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Boot Record">Master Boot Record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table" title="GUID Partition Table">GUID Partition Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Partition_Map" title="Apple Partition Map">Apple Partition Map</a></li></ul> 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