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<span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Classification subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-DNA_viruses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DNA_viruses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>DNA viruses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DNA_viruses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Group_I:_double-stranded_DNA_viruses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Group_I:_double-stranded_DNA_viruses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Group I: double-stranded DNA viruses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Group_I:_double-stranded_DNA_viruses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Group_II:_single-stranded_DNA_viruses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Group_II:_single-stranded_DNA_viruses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Group II: single-stranded DNA viruses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Group_II:_single-stranded_DNA_viruses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-RNA_viruses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RNA_viruses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>RNA viruses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RNA_viruses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Group_III:_double-stranded_RNA_viruses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Group_III:_double-stranded_RNA_viruses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Group III: double-stranded RNA viruses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Group_III:_double-stranded_RNA_viruses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Group_IV:_positive_sense_single-stranded_RNA_viruses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Group_IV:_positive_sense_single-stranded_RNA_viruses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Group IV: positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Group_IV:_positive_sense_single-stranded_RNA_viruses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Group_V:_negative_sense_single-stranded_RNA_viruses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Group_V:_negative_sense_single-stranded_RNA_viruses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Group V: negative sense single-stranded RNA viruses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Group_V:_negative_sense_single-stranded_RNA_viruses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reverse_transcribing_viruses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reverse_transcribing_viruses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Reverse transcribing viruses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reverse_transcribing_viruses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Group_VI:_single-stranded_RNA_viruses_with_a_DNA_intermediate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Group_VI:_single-stranded_RNA_viruses_with_a_DNA_intermediate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Group VI: single-stranded RNA viruses with a DNA intermediate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Group_VI:_single-stranded_RNA_viruses_with_a_DNA_intermediate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Group_VII:_double-stranded_DNA_viruses_with_an_RNA_intermediate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Group_VII:_double-stranded_DNA_viruses_with_an_RNA_intermediate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Group VII: double-stranded DNA viruses with an RNA intermediate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Group_VII:_double-stranded_DNA_viruses_with_an_RNA_intermediate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multi-group_characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multi-group_characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Multi-group characteristics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Multi-group_characteristics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Multi-group characteristics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Multi-group_characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alternative_splicing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_splicing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Alternative splicing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_splicing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genome_segmentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genome_segmentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Genome segmentation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genome_segmentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Host_range" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Host_range"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Host range</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Host_range-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linear_vs_circular_genomes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linear_vs_circular_genomes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Linear vs circular genomes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linear_vs_circular_genomes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-RNA_editing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RNA_editing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>RNA editing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RNA_editing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Translation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Translation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>General bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label 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language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="تصنيف بلتيمور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تصنيف بلتيمور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classificaci%C3%B3_de_Baltimore" title="Classificació de Baltimore – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Classificació de Baltimore" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimorova_klasifikace" title="Baltimorova klasifikace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Baltimorova klasifikace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore-Klassifikation" title="Baltimore-Klassifikation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Baltimore-Klassifikation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore%27i_klassifikatsioon" title="Baltimore'i klassifikatsioon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Baltimore'i klassifikatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC_Baltimore" title="Ταξινόμηση κατά Baltimore – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ταξινόμηση κατά Baltimore" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clasificaci%C3%B3n_de_Baltimore" title="Clasificación de Baltimore – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Clasificación de Baltimore" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification_Baltimore" title="Classification Baltimore – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Classification Baltimore" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clasificaci%C3%B3n_de_Baltimore" title="Clasificación de Baltimore – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Clasificación de Baltimore" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%ED%8B%B0%EB%AA%A8%EC%96%B4_%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98" title="볼티모어 분류 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="볼티모어 분류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasifikasi_Baltimore" title="Klasifikasi Baltimore – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Klasifikasi Baltimore" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classificazione_di_Baltimore" title="Classificazione di Baltimore – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Classificazione di Baltimore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%92_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8" title="סיווג בולטימור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיווג בולטימור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classificatio_Baltimore" title="Classificatio Baltimore – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Classificatio Baltimore" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore-classificatie" title="Baltimore-classificatie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Baltimore-classificatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimoreklassifiseringen" title="Baltimoreklassifiseringen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Baltimoreklassifiseringen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Baltimore" title="Classificação de Baltimore – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Classificação de Baltimore" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clasificare_Baltimore" title="Clasificare Baltimore – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Clasificare Baltimore" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83" title="Классификация вирусов по Балтимору – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Классификация вирусов по Балтимору" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classificatzione_de_Baltimore" title="Classificatzione de Baltimore – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Classificatzione de Baltimore" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimorova_klasifik%C3%A1cia_v%C3%ADrusov" title="Baltimorova klasifikácia vírusov – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Baltimorova klasifikácia vírusov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimor_s%C4%B1n%C4%B1fland%C4%B1rmas%C4%B1" title="Baltimor sınıflandırması – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Baltimor sınıflandırması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_th%E1%BB%91ng_ph%C3%A2n_lo%E1%BA%A1i_Baltimore" title="Hệ thống phân loại Baltimore – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ thống phân loại Baltimore" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E7%9A%84%E6%91%A9%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="巴爾的摩病毒分類系統 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴爾的摩病毒分類系統" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q782725#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Virus classification system made by David Baltimore</div> <p><b>Baltimore classification</b> is a system used to <a href="/wiki/Virus_classification" title="Virus classification">classify</a> <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">viruses</a> based on their manner of <a href="/wiki/Messenger_RNA" title="Messenger RNA">messenger RNA</a> (mRNA) synthesis. By organizing viruses based on their manner of mRNA production, it is possible to study viruses that behave similarly as a distinct group. Seven Baltimore groups are described that take into consideration whether the viral genome is made of <a href="/wiki/Deoxyribonucleic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Deoxyribonucleic acid">deoxyribonucleic acid</a> (DNA) or <a href="/wiki/Ribonucleic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribonucleic acid">ribonucleic acid</a> (RNA), whether the genome is single- or <a href="/wiki/Double-stranded_RNA" title="Double-stranded RNA">double-stranded</a>, and whether the <a href="/wiki/Sense_(molecular_biology)#RNA_sense_in_viruses" title="Sense (molecular biology)">sense</a> of a single-stranded RNA genome is positive or negative. </p><p>Baltimore classification also closely corresponds to the manner of <a href="/wiki/Viral_replication" title="Viral replication">replicating</a> the genome, so Baltimore classification is useful for grouping viruses together for both <a href="/wiki/Transcription_(biology)" title="Transcription (biology)">transcription</a> and replication. Certain subjects pertaining to viruses are associated with multiple, specific Baltimore groups, such as specific forms of <a href="/wiki/Translation_(biology)" title="Translation (biology)">translation</a> of mRNA and the host range of different types of viruses. Structural characteristics such as the shape of the viral <a href="/wiki/Capsid" title="Capsid">capsid</a>, which stores the viral genome, and the evolutionary history of viruses are not necessarily related to Baltimore groups. </p><p>Baltimore classification was created in 1971 by virologist <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a>. Since then, it has become common among virologists to use Baltimore classification alongside standard virus taxonomy, which is based on evolutionary history. In 2018 and 2019, Baltimore classification was partially integrated into virus taxonomy based on evidence that certain groups were descended from common ancestors. Various realms, kingdoms, and phyla now correspond to specific Baltimore groups. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Baltimore classification groups viruses together based on their manner of mRNA synthesis. Characteristics directly related to this include whether the genome is made of <a href="/wiki/Deoxyribonucleic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Deoxyribonucleic acid">deoxyribonucleic acid</a> (DNA) or <a href="/wiki/Ribonucleic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribonucleic acid">ribonucleic acid</a> (RNA), the strandedness of the genome, which can be either single- or double-stranded, and the sense of a single-stranded genome, which is either positive or negative. The primary advantage of Baltimore classification is that by classifying viruses according to the aforementioned characteristics, viruses that behave in the same manner can be studied as distinct groups. There are seven Baltimore groups numbered with Roman numerals, listed hereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELostroh201911–13_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELostroh201911–13-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Group I: double-stranded DNA viruses</li> <li>Group II: single-stranded DNA viruses</li> <li>Group III: double-stranded RNA viruses</li> <li>Group IV: positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses</li> <li>Group V: negative sense single-stranded RNA viruses</li> <li>Group VI: single-stranded RNA viruses with a DNA intermediate in their life cycle</li> <li>Group VII: double-stranded DNA viruses with an RNA intermediate in their life cycle</li></ul> <p>Baltimore classification is chiefly based on the <a href="/wiki/Transcription_(biology)" title="Transcription (biology)">transcription</a> of the viral genome, and viruses within each group typically share the manners by which the mRNA synthesis occurs. While not the direct focus of Baltimore classification, groups are organized in such a manner that viruses in each group also typically have the same mechanisms of <a href="/wiki/Viral_replication" title="Viral replication">replicating</a> the viral genome.<sup id="cite_ref-vz_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECann2015122–127_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECann2015122–127-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of this, Baltimore classification provides insights into both the transcription and replication parts of the <a href="/wiki/Viral_life_cycle" title="Viral life cycle">viral life cycle</a>. Structural characteristics of a virus particle, called a virion, such as the shape of the viral capsid and the presence of a <a href="/wiki/Viral_envelope" title="Viral envelope">viral envelope</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">lipid</a> membrane that surrounds the capsid, have no direct relation to Baltimore groups, nor do the groups necessarily show genetic relation based on evolutionary history.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELostroh201911–13_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELostroh201911–13-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Baltimore_Classification.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/The_Baltimore_Classification.gif/800px-The_Baltimore_Classification.gif" decoding="async" width="800" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/The_Baltimore_Classification.gif/1200px-The_Baltimore_Classification.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/The_Baltimore_Classification.gif/1600px-The_Baltimore_Classification.gif 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="543" /></a><figcaption>Visualization of the seven groups of virus according to the Baltimore Classification</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DNA_viruses">DNA viruses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: DNA viruses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/DNA_virus" title="DNA virus">DNA virus</a></div> <p>DNA viruses have genomes made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and are organized into two groups: double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses, and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses. They are assigned to four separate realms: <i><a href="/wiki/Adnaviria" title="Adnaviria">Adnaviria</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Duplodnaviria" title="Duplodnaviria">Duplodnaviria</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Monodnaviria" title="Monodnaviria">Monodnaviria</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Varidnaviria" title="Varidnaviria">Varidnaviria</a></i>. Many have yet to be assigned to a realm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Group_I:_double-stranded_DNA_viruses">Group I: double-stranded DNA viruses</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Group I: double-stranded DNA viruses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Adnaviria" title="Adnaviria">Adnaviria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duplodnaviria" title="Duplodnaviria">Duplodnaviria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Varidnaviria" title="Varidnaviria">Varidnaviria</a></div> <p>The first Baltimore group contains viruses that have a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome. All dsDNA viruses have their mRNA synthesized in a three-step process. First, a <a href="/wiki/Transcription_preinitiation_complex" title="Transcription preinitiation complex">transcription preinitiation complex</a> binds to the DNA upstream of the site where transcription begins, allowing for the recruitment of a host <a href="/wiki/RNA_polymerase" title="RNA polymerase">RNA polymerase</a>. Second, once the RNA polymerase is recruited, it uses the negative strand as a template for synthesizing mRNA strands. Third, the RNA polymerase terminates transcription upon reaching a specific signal, such as a <a href="/wiki/Polyadenylation" title="Polyadenylation">polyadenylation</a> site.<sup id="cite_ref-dsdna_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dsdna-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201866_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201866-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFermin201836–40_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFermin201836–40-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>dsDNA viruses make use of several mechanisms to replicate their genome. Bidirectional replication, in which two replication forks are established at a replication origin site and move in opposite directions of each other, is widely used.<sup id="cite_ref-bidi_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bidi-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A rolling circle mechanism that produces linear strands while progressing in a loop around the circular genome is also common.<sup id="cite_ref-dsdnarcr_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dsdnarcr-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some dsDNA viruses use a strand displacement method whereby one strand is synthesized from a template strand, and a complementary strand is then synthesized from the prior synthesized strand, forming a dsDNA genome.<sup id="cite_ref-displace_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-displace-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lastly, some dsDNA viruses are replicated as part of a process called <a href="/wiki/Replicative_transposition" title="Replicative transposition">replicative transposition</a> whereby a viral genome in a host cell's DNA is replicated to another part of a host genome.<sup id="cite_ref-reptrans_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reptrans-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>dsDNA viruses can be subdivided between those that replicate in the nucleus, and as such are relatively dependent on host cell machinery for transcription and replication, and those that replicate in the cytoplasm, in which case they have evolved or acquired their own means of executing transcription and replication.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECann2015122–127_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECann2015122–127-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dsDNA viruses are also commonly divided between tailed dsDNA viruses, referring to members of the realm <i>Duplodnaviria</i>, usually the tailed bacteriophages of the order <i>Caudovirales</i>, and tailless or non-tailed dsDNA viruses of the realm <i>Varidnaviria</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-duplo_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duplo-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vari_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vari-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>dsDNA viruses are classified into three of the four realms and include many taxa that are unassigned to a realm: </p> <ul><li>All viruses in <i>Adnaviria</i> are dsDNA viruses. Viruses in this realm infect <a href="/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea">archaea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-adna_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adna-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>All viruses in <i>Duplodnaviria</i> are dsDNA viruses. Viruses in this realm belong to two groups: tailed bacteriophages in <i><a href="/wiki/Caudovirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Caudovirales">Caudovirales</a></i> and herpesviruses in <i><a href="/wiki/Herpesvirales" title="Herpesvirales">Herpesvirales</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-duplo_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duplo-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <i>Monodnaviria</i>, members of the class <i><a href="/wiki/Papovaviricetes" title="Papovaviricetes">Papovaviricetes</a></i> are dsDNA viruses. Viruses in <i>Papovaviricetes</i> constitute two groups: <a href="/wiki/Papillomavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Papillomavirus">papillomaviruses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polyomavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyomavirus">polyomaviruses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mono_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mono-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>All viruses in <i>Varidnaviria</i> are dsDNA viruses. Viruses in this realm include <a href="/wiki/Adenovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Adenovirus">adenoviruses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giant_virus" title="Giant virus">giant viruses</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Poxvirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Poxvirus">poxviruses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vari_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vari-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The following taxa that are unassigned to a realm exclusively contain dsDNA viruses:<sup id="cite_ref-vari_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vari-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Classes: <i><a href="/wiki/Naldaviricetes" title="Naldaviricetes">Naldaviricetes</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Families: <i><a href="/wiki/Ampullaviridae" title="Ampullaviridae">Ampullaviridae</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bicaudaviridae" title="Bicaudaviridae">Bicaudaviridae</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Clavaviridae" title="Clavaviridae">Clavaviridae</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fuselloviridae" title="Fuselloviridae">Fuselloviridae</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Globuloviridae" title="Globuloviridae">Globuloviridae</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Guttaviridae" title="Guttaviridae">Guttaviridae</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Halspiviridae" title="Halspiviridae">Halspiviridae</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ovaliviridae" title="Ovaliviridae">Ovaliviridae</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Plasmaviridae" title="Plasmaviridae">Plasmaviridae</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Polydnaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Polydnaviridae">Polydnaviridae</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Portogloboviridae" title="Portogloboviridae">Portogloboviridae</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Thaspiviridae" title="Thaspiviridae">Thaspiviridae</a></i></li> <li>Genera: <i><a href="/wiki/Dinodnavirus" title="Dinodnavirus">Dinodnavirus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rhizidiovirus" title="Rhizidiovirus">Rhizidiovirus</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Group_II:_single-stranded_DNA_viruses">Group II: single-stranded DNA viruses</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Group II: single-stranded DNA viruses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canines_Parvovirus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Canines_Parvovirus.jpg/220px-Canines_Parvovirus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Canines_Parvovirus.jpg/330px-Canines_Parvovirus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Canines_Parvovirus.jpg/440px-Canines_Parvovirus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Canine_parvovirus" title="Canine parvovirus">canine parvovirus</a> is an ssDNA virus.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Monodnaviria" title="Monodnaviria">Monodnaviria</a></div> <p>The second Baltimore group contains viruses that have a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genome. ssDNA viruses have the same manner of transcription as dsDNA viruses. Because the genome is single-stranded, however, it is first made into a double-stranded form by a <a href="/wiki/DNA_polymerase" title="DNA polymerase">DNA polymerase</a> upon entering a host cell. mRNA is then synthesized from the double-stranded form. The double-stranded form of ssDNA viruses may be produced either directly after entry into a cell or as a consequence of replication of the viral genome.<sup id="cite_ref-ssdna_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ssdna-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hairpin_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hairpin-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eukaryotic ssDNA viruses are replicated in the nucleus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECann2015122–127_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECann2015122–127-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFermin201840–41_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFermin201840–41-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most ssDNA viruses contain circular genomes that are replicated via rolling circle replication (RCR). ssDNA RCR is initiated by an <a href="/wiki/Endonuclease" title="Endonuclease">endonuclease</a> that bonds to and cleaves the positive strand, allowing a DNA polymerase to use the negative strand as a template for replication. Replication progresses in a loop around the genome by means of extending the 3′-end of the positive strand, displacing the prior positive strand, and the endonuclease cleaves the positive strand again to create a standalone genome that is <a href="/wiki/Ligation_(molecular_biology)" title="Ligation (molecular biology)">ligated</a> into a circular loop. The new ssDNA may be packaged into virions or replicated by a DNA polymerase to form a double-stranded form for transcription or continuation of the replication cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-ssdna_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ssdna-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201861–62_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201861–62-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Parvovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Parvovirus">Parvoviruses</a> contain linear ssDNA genomes that are replicated via <a href="/wiki/Rolling_hairpin_replication" title="Rolling hairpin replication">rolling hairpin replication</a> (RHR), which is similar to RCR. Parvovirus genomes have <a href="/wiki/Stem-loop" title="Stem-loop">hairpin loops</a> at each end of the genome that repeatedly unfold and refold during replication to change the direction of DNA synthesis to move back and forth along the genome, producing numerous copies of the genome in a continuous process. Individual genomes are then excised from this molecule by the viral endonuclease. For parvoviruses, either the positive or negative sense strand may be packaged into capsids, varying from virus to virus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201861–62_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201861–62-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nearly all ssDNA viruses have positive sense genomes, but a few exceptions and peculiarities exist. The family <i><a href="/wiki/Anelloviridae" title="Anelloviridae">Anelloviridae</a></i> is the only ssDNA family whose members have negative sense genomes, which are circular.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFermin201840–41_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFermin201840–41-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parvoviruses, as previously mentioned, may package either the positive or negative sense strand into virions.<sup id="cite_ref-hairpin_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hairpin-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lastly, <a href="/wiki/Bidensovirus" title="Bidensovirus">bidnaviruses</a> package both the positive and negative linear strands.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFermin201840–41_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFermin201840–41-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bidna_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bidna-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In any case, the sense of ssDNA viruses, unlike for ssRNA viruses, is not sufficient to separate ssDNA viruses into two groups since all ssDNA viral genomes are converted to dsDNA forms prior to transcription and replication.<sup id="cite_ref-vz_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ssDNA viruses are classified into one of the four realms and include several families that are unassigned to a realm: </p> <ul><li>In <i>Monodnaviria</i>, all members except viruses in <i>Papovaviricetes</i> are ssDNA viruses.<sup id="cite_ref-mono_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mono-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The unassigned families <i><a href="/wiki/Anelloviridae" title="Anelloviridae">Anelloviridae</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Spiraviridae" title="Spiraviridae">Spiraviridae</a></i> are ssDNA virus families.<sup id="cite_ref-mono_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mono-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Viruses in the family <i><a href="/wiki/Finnlakeviridae" title="Finnlakeviridae">Finnlakeviridae</a></i> contain ssDNA genomes. <i>Finnlakeviridae</i> is unassigned to a realm but is a proposed member of <i>Varidnaviria</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-vari_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vari-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RNA_viruses">RNA viruses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: RNA viruses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Orthornavirae" title="Orthornavirae">Orthornavirae</a> and <a href="/wiki/RNA_virus" title="RNA virus">RNA virus</a></div> <p>RNA viruses have genomes made of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and comprise three groups: double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses, positive sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses, and negative sense single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) viruses. The majority of RNA viruses are classified in the kingdom <i><a href="/wiki/Orthornavirae" title="Orthornavirae">Orthornavirae</a></i> in the realm <i><a href="/wiki/Riboviria" title="Riboviria">Riboviria</a></i>. The exceptions are generally <a href="/wiki/Viroid" title="Viroid">viroids</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Subviral_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Subviral agent">subviral agents</a>. Some of the latter category, such as the <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_D_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepatitis D virus">hepatitis D virus</a>, are classified in the realm <i><a href="/wiki/Ribozyviria" title="Ribozyviria">Ribozyviria</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Group_III:_double-stranded_RNA_viruses">Group III: double-stranded RNA viruses</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Group III: double-stranded RNA viruses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Multiple_rotavirus_particles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Multiple_rotavirus_particles.jpg/220px-Multiple_rotavirus_particles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Multiple_rotavirus_particles.jpg/330px-Multiple_rotavirus_particles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Multiple_rotavirus_particles.jpg/440px-Multiple_rotavirus_particles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3009" data-file-height="2081" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rotavirus" title="Rotavirus">Rotaviruses</a> are dsRNA viruses.</figcaption></figure> <p>The third Baltimore group contains viruses that have a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome. After entering a host cell, the dsRNA genome is transcribed to mRNA from the negative strand by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The mRNA may be used for translation or replication. Single-stranded mRNA is replicated to form the dsRNA genome. The 5′-end of the genome may be naked, capped, or covalently bound to a viral protein.<sup id="cite_ref-dsrna_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dsrna-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201865_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201865-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>dsRNA is not a molecule made by cells, so cellular life has evolved antiviral systems to detect and inactivate viral dsRNA. To counteract this, many dsRNA genomes are constructed inside of capsids, thereby avoiding detection inside of the host cell's cytoplasm. mRNA is forced out from the capsid in order to be translated or to be translocated from a mature capsid to a progeny capsid.<sup id="cite_ref-dsrna_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dsrna-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201865_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201865-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFermin201842_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFermin201842-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While dsRNA viruses typically have capsids, viruses in the families <i><a href="/wiki/Amalgaviridae" title="Amalgaviridae">Amalgaviridae</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Endornaviridae" title="Endornaviridae">Endornaviridae</a></i> have not been observed to form virions and as such apparently lack capsids. Endornaviruses are also unusual in that unlike other RNA viruses, they possess a single, long <a href="/wiki/Open_reading_frame" title="Open reading frame">open reading frame</a> (ORF), or translatable portion, and a site-specific nick in the 5′ region of the positive strand.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFermin201842_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFermin201842-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>dsRNA viruses are classified into two phyla within the kingdom <i>Orthornavirae</i> of the realm <i>Riboviria</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-ribo_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ribo-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>All viruses in <i><a href="/wiki/Duplornaviricota" title="Duplornaviricota">Duplornaviricota</a></i> are dsRNA viruses.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/Pisuviricota" title="Pisuviricota">Pisuviricota</a></i>, all members of the class <i><a href="/wiki/Duplopiviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Duplopiviricetes">Duplopiviricetes</a></i> are dsRNA viruses.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Group_IV:_positive_sense_single-stranded_RNA_viruses">Group IV: positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Group IV: positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TEM_of_coronavirus_OC43.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/TEM_of_coronavirus_OC43.jpg/220px-TEM_of_coronavirus_OC43.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/TEM_of_coronavirus_OC43.jpg/330px-TEM_of_coronavirus_OC43.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/TEM_of_coronavirus_OC43.jpg/440px-TEM_of_coronavirus_OC43.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">Coronaviruses</a> are +ssRNA viruses.</figcaption></figure> <p>The fourth Baltimore group contains viruses that have a positive sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) genome. For +ssRNA viruses, the genome functions as mRNA, so no transcription is required for translation. +ssRNA viruses will also, however, produce positive sense copies of the genome from negative sense strands of an intermediate dsRNA genome. This acts as both a transcription and a replication process since the replicated RNA is also mRNA. The 5′-end may be naked, capped, or covalently bound to a viral protein, and the 3′-end may be naked or polyadenylated.<sup id="cite_ref-pssrna_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pssrna-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201864–65_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201864–65-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFermin201843–44_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFermin201843–44-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many +ssRNA viruses are able to have only a portion of their genome transcribed. Typically, subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) strands are used for translation of structural and movement proteins needed during intermediate and late stages of infection. sgRNA transcription may occur by commencing RNA synthesis within the genome rather than from the 5′-end, by stopping RNA synthesis at specific sequences in the genome, or by, as a part of both prior methods, synthesizing <a href="/wiki/Five_prime_untranslated_region" title="Five prime untranslated region">leader sequences</a> from the viral RNA that are then attached to sgRNA strands. Because replication is required for sgRNA synthesis, RdRp is always translated first.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201864–65_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201864–65-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFermin201843–44_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFermin201843–44-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sgrna_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgrna-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because the process of replicating the viral genome produces intermediate dsRNA molecules, +ssRNA viruses can be targeted by the host cell's immune system. To avoid detection, +ssRNA viruses replicate in membrane-associated vesicles that are used as replication factories. From there, only viral +ssRNA, which may be mRNA, enters the main cytoplasmic area of the cell.<sup id="cite_ref-pssrna_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pssrna-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201864–65_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201864–65-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>+ssRNA viruses can be subdivided between those that have polycistronic mRNA, which encodes a polyprotein that is cleaved to form multiple mature proteins, and those that produce subgenomic mRNAs and therefore undergo two or more rounds of translation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECann2015122–127_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECann2015122–127-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECann2015151–154_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECann2015151–154-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> +ssRNA viruses are included in three phyla in the kingdom <i>Orthornavirae</i> in the realm <i>Riboviria</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-ribo_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ribo-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>All viruses in <i><a href="/wiki/Lenarviricota" title="Lenarviricota">Lenarviricota</a></i> are +ssRNA viruses.</li> <li>All viruses in <i><a href="/wiki/Pisuviricota" title="Pisuviricota">Pisuviricota</a></i> are +ssRNA viruses, excluding the class <i><a href="/wiki/Duplopiviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Duplopiviricetes">Duplopiviricetes</a></i>, whose members have dsRNA genomes.</li> <li>All viruses in <i><a href="/wiki/Kitrinoviricota" title="Kitrinoviricota">Kitrinoviricota</a></i> are +ssRNA viruses.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Group_V:_negative_sense_single-stranded_RNA_viruses">Group V: negative sense single-stranded RNA viruses</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Group V: negative sense single-stranded RNA viruses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Negarnaviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Negarnaviricota">Negarnaviricota</a></div> <p>The fifth Baltimore group contains viruses that have a negative sense, single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) genome. mRNA, which is positive sense, is transcribed directly from the negative sense genome. The first process for -ssRNA transcription involves RdRp binding to a leader sequence on the 3′ end of the genome, transcribing a 5′ triphosphate-leader RNA that is capped, then stopping and restarting on a transcription signal which is <a href="/wiki/Five-prime_cap" title="Five-prime cap">capped</a>, continuing until a stop signal is reached.<sup id="cite_ref-nssrna_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nssrna-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second manner is similar but instead of synthesizing a cap, RdRp may make use of <a href="/wiki/Cap_snatching" title="Cap snatching">cap snatching</a>, whereby a short sequence of host cell mRNA is taken and used as the 5′ cap of the viral mRNA.<sup id="cite_ref-cap_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cap-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Genomic -ssRNA is replicated from the positive sense antigenome in a similar manner as transcription, except in reverse using the antigenome as a template for the genome. RdRp moves from the 3′-end to the 5′-end of the antigenome and ignores all transcription signals when synthesizing genomic -ssRNA.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201865_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201865-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ssrnarep_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ssrnarep-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various -ssRNA viruses use special mechanisms for transcription. The manner of producing the polyA tail may be via <a href="/wiki/Polymerase_stuttering" title="Polymerase stuttering">polymerase stuttering</a>, during which RdRp transcribes an <a href="/wiki/Adenine" title="Adenine">adenine</a> from <a href="/wiki/Uracil" title="Uracil">uracil</a> and then moves back in the RNA sequence with the mRNA to transcribe it again, continuing this process numerous times until hundreds of adenines have been added to the 3′-end of the mRNA.<sup id="cite_ref-stutter_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stutter-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, some -ssRNA viruses are ambisense, as both the positive and negative strands separately encode viral proteins, and these viruses produce two separate mRNA strands: one directly from the genome and one from a complementary strand.<sup id="cite_ref-ambi_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ambi-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECann2015154–156_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECann2015154–156-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>-ssRNA viruses can be subdivided informally between those that have nonsegmented and segmented genomes. Nonsegmented -ssRNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm, and segmented -ssRNA viruses replicate in the nucleus. During transcription, the RdRp produces one monocistronic mRNA strand from each segment of the genome.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECann2015122–127_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECann2015122–127-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201865_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201865-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFermin201845–46_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFermin201845–46-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All -ssRNA viruses are classified in the phylum <i><a href="/wiki/Negarnaviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Negarnaviricota">Negarnaviricota</a></i> in the kingdom <i>Orthornavirae</i> in the realm <i>Riboviria</i>. <i>Negarnaviricota</i> only contains -ssRNA viruses, so "-ssRNA virus" is synonymous with <i>Negarnaviricota</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ribo_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ribo-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Negarnaviricota</i> is divided into two subphyla: <i>Haploviricotina</i>, whose members synthesize a cap structure on viral mRNA required for protein synthesis, and <i>Polyploviricotina</i>, whose members instead obtain caps on mRNA via cap snatching.<sup id="cite_ref-kuhn_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kuhn-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reverse_transcribing_viruses">Reverse transcribing viruses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reverse transcribing viruses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Revtraviricetes" title="Revtraviricetes">Revtraviricetes</a></div> <p>Reverse transcribing (RT) viruses have genomes made of either DNA or RNA and replicate via reverse transcription. Two groups of reverse transcribing viruses exist: single-stranded RNA-RT (ssRNA-RT) viruses, and double-stranded DNA-RT (dsDNA-RT) viruses. Reverse transcribing viruses are classified in the kingdom <i>Pararnavirae</i> in the realm <i>Riboviria</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Group_VI:_single-stranded_RNA_viruses_with_a_DNA_intermediate">Group VI: single-stranded RNA viruses with a DNA intermediate</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Group VI: single-stranded RNA viruses with a DNA intermediate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sixth Baltimore group contains viruses that have a (positive-sense) single-stranded RNA genome that has a DNA intermediate ((+)ssRNA-RT) in its replication cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ssRNA-RT viruses are transcribed in the same manner as DNA viruses, but their linear genomes are first converted to a dsDNA form through a process called <a href="/wiki/Reverse_transcription" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverse transcription">reverse transcription</a>. The viral <a href="/wiki/Reverse_transcriptase" title="Reverse transcriptase">reverse transcriptase</a> enzyme synthesizes a DNA strand from the ssRNA strand, and the RNA strand is degraded and replaced with a DNA strand to create a dsDNA genome. The genome is then <a href="/wiki/Integrase" title="Integrase">integrated</a> into the DNA of the host cell, where it is now called a <a href="/wiki/Provirus" title="Provirus">provirus</a>. The host cell's <a href="/wiki/RNA_polymerase_II" title="RNA polymerase II">RNA polymerase II</a> then transcribes RNA in the nucleus from the proviral DNA. Some of this RNA may become mRNA whereas other strands will become copies of the viral genome for replication.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFermin201845–46_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFermin201845–46-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201863–64_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201863–64-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ssrnart_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ssrnart-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECann2015156_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECann2015156-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ssRNA-RT viruses are all included in the class <i><a href="/wiki/Revtraviricetes" title="Revtraviricetes">Revtraviricetes</a></i>, phylum <i>Arterviricota</i>, kingdom <i>Pararnavirae</i> of the realm <i>Riboviria</i>. Excluding <i>Caulimoviridae</i>, which belongs to Group VII, all members of the <i>Revtraviricetes</i> order <i><a href="/wiki/Ortervirales" title="Ortervirales">Ortervirales</a></i> are ssRNA-RT viruses.<sup id="cite_ref-ribo_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ribo-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-krupovic_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krupovic-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Group_VII:_double-stranded_DNA_viruses_with_an_RNA_intermediate">Group VII: double-stranded DNA viruses with an RNA intermediate</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Group VII: double-stranded DNA viruses with an RNA intermediate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The seventh Baltimore group contains viruses that have a double-stranded DNA genome that has an RNA intermediate (dsDNA-RT) in its replication cycle. dsDNA-RT viruses have a gap in one strand, which is <a href="/wiki/DNA_repair" title="DNA repair">repaired</a> to create a complete dsDNA genome prior to transcription.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECann2015122–127_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECann2015122–127-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFermin201845–46_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFermin201845–46-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dsDNA-RT viruses are transcribed in the same manner as dsDNA viruses,<sup id="cite_ref-vz_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but make use of reverse transcription to replicate their circular genome while it is still in the capsid. The host cell's RNA polymerase II transcribes RNA strands from the genome in the cytoplasm, and the genome is replicated from these RNA strands. The dsDNA genome is produced from pregenomic RNA strands via the same general mechanism as ssRNA-RT viruses, but with replication occurring in a loop around the circular genome. After replication, the dsDNA genome may be packed or sent to the nucleus for further rounds of transcription.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201863–64_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201863–64-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dsdnart_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dsdnart-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>dsDNA-RT viruses are, like ssRNA-RT, all included in the class <i>Revtraviricetes</i>. Two families of dsDNA-RT viruses are recognized: <i><a href="/wiki/Caulimoviridae" title="Caulimoviridae">Caulimoviridae</a></i>, which belongs to the order <i>Ortervirales</i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Hepadnaviridae" title="Hepadnaviridae">Hepadnaviridae</a></i>, which is the sole family in the order <i>Blubervirales</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ribo_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ribo-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-krupovic_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krupovic-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Multi-group_characteristics">Multi-group characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Multi-group characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Molecules-23-02475-g002.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Molecules-23-02475-g002.webp/220px-Molecules-23-02475-g002.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Molecules-23-02475-g002.webp/330px-Molecules-23-02475-g002.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Molecules-23-02475-g002.webp/440px-Molecules-23-02475-g002.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="3666" data-file-height="3197" /></a><figcaption>Structure of some viruses classified by Baltimore group: <a href="/wiki/Herpes_simplex_virus" title="Herpes simplex virus">HSV</a> (group I), <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_C_virus" title="Hepatitis C virus">HCV</a> (group IV), <a href="/wiki/Dengue_virus" title="Dengue virus">DENV</a> (group IV), <a href="/wiki/Influenza_A_virus" title="Influenza A virus">IAV</a> (group V), and <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV-1</a> (group VI) </figcaption></figure> <p>A number of characteristics of viruses are not directly associated with Baltimore classification but nonetheless closely correspond to multiple, specific Baltimore groups. This includes alternative splicing during transcription, whether the viral genome is segmented, the host range of viruses, whether the genome is linear or circular, and different methods of translating viral mRNA. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_splicing">Alternative splicing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Alternative splicing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Alternative_splicing" title="Alternative splicing">Alternative splicing</a> is a mechanism by which different proteins can be produced from a single gene by means of using alternative splicing sites to produce different mRNAs. It is found in various DNA, -ssRNA, and reverse transcribing viruses. Viruses may make use of alternative splicing solely to produce multiple proteins from a single pre-mRNA strand or for other specific purposes. For certain viruses, including the families <i><a href="/wiki/Orthomyxoviridae" title="Orthomyxoviridae">Orthomyxoviridae</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Papillomaviridae" title="Papillomaviridae">Papillomaviridae</a></i>, alternative splicing acts as a way to regulate early and late <a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">gene expression</a> during different stages of infection. <a href="/wiki/Herpesvirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpesvirus">Herpesviruses</a> use it as a potential anti-host defense mechanism to prevent synthesis of specific antiviral proteins. Furthermore, in addition to alternative splicing, because cellular <a href="/wiki/RNA_splicing" title="RNA splicing">unspliced RNA</a> cannot be transported out of the nucleus, hepadnaviruses and <a href="/wiki/Retrovirus" title="Retrovirus">retroviruses</a> contain their own proteins for exporting their unspliced genomic RNA out of the nucleus.<sup id="cite_ref-altsplice_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-altsplice-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201871–72_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201871–72-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genome_segmentation">Genome segmentation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Genome segmentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Viral genomes can exist in a single, or monopartite, segment, or they may be split into more than one molecule, called <a href="/wiki/Multipartite" title="Multipartite">multipartite</a>. For monopartite viruses, all genes are on the single segment of the genome. Multipartite viruses typically package their genomes into a single virion so that the whole genome is in one virus particle, and the separate segments contain different genes. Monopartite viruses are found in all Baltimore groups, whereas multipartite viruses are usually RNA viruses. This is because most multipartite viruses infect plants or fungi, which are eukaryotes, and most eukaryotic viruses are RNA viruses.<sup id="cite_ref-koonin_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-koonin-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFermin201835–46_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFermin201835–46-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sicard_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sicard-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family <i><a href="/wiki/Pleolipoviridae" title="Pleolipoviridae">Pleolipoviridae</a></i> varies as some viruses are monopartite ssDNA while others are bipartite with one segment being ssDNA and the other dsDNA.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFermin201836–40_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFermin201836–40-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pleolipo_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pleolipo-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Viruses in the ssDNA <a href="/wiki/Plant_virus" title="Plant virus">plant virus</a> family <i><a href="/wiki/Geminiviridae" title="Geminiviridae">Geminiviridae</a></i> likewise vary between being monopartite and bipartite.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFermin201835–46_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFermin201835–46-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gemini_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gemini-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Host_range">Host range</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Host range"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Different Baltimore groups tend to be found within different branches of cellular life. In prokaryotes, the large majority of viruses are dsDNA viruses, and a significant minority are ssDNA viruses. Prokaryotic RNA viruses, in contrast, are relatively rare. Most eukaryotic viruses, including most animal and plant viruses, are RNA viruses, although eukaryotic DNA viruses are also common. By group, the vast majority of dsDNA viruses infect prokaryotes, ssDNA viruses are found in all three domains of life, dsRNA and +ssRNA viruses are primarily found in eukaryotes but also in bacteria, and -ssRNA and reverse transcribing viruses are only found in eukaryotes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFermin201835–46_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFermin201835–46-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-koonin_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-koonin-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wolf_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wolf-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linear_vs_circular_genomes">Linear vs circular genomes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Linear vs circular genomes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Viral genomes may be either linear with ends or circular in a loop. Whether a virus has a linear or circular genome varies from group to group. A significant percentage of dsDNA viruses are both, ssDNA viruses are primarily circular, RNA viruses and ssRNA-RT viruses are typically linear, and dsDNA-RT viruses are typically circular.<sup id="cite_ref-yu_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yu-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-multiref_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-multiref-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the dsDNA family <i><a href="/wiki/Sphaerolipoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphaerolipoviridae">Sphaerolipoviridae</a></i>, and in the family <i>Pleolipoviridae</i>, viruses contain both linear and circular genomes, varying from genus to genus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFermin201836–40_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFermin201836–40-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pleolipo_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pleolipo-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sphaero_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sphaero-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RNA_editing">RNA editing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: RNA editing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>RNA editing is used by various ssRNA viruses to produce different proteins from a single gene. This can be done via polymerase slippage during transcription or by post-transcriptional editing. In polymerase slippage, the RNA polymerase slips one nucleotide back during transcription, inserting a nucleotide not included in the template strand. Editing of a genomic template would impair gene expression, so RNA editing is only done during and after transcription. For <a href="/wiki/Ebolavirus" title="Ebolavirus">ebola viruses</a>, RNA editing improves the ability to adapt to their hosts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201871–72_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201871–72-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rnaedit_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rnaedit-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alternative splicing differs from RNA editing in that alternative splicing does not change the mRNA sequence like RNA editing but instead changes the coding capacity of an mRNA sequence as a result of alternative splicing sites. The two mechanisms otherwise have the same result: multiple proteins are expressed from a single gene.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201871–72_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201871–72-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Translation">Translation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Translation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Molecules-23-02475-g003.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Molecules-23-02475-g003.webp/220px-Molecules-23-02475-g003.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Molecules-23-02475-g003.webp/330px-Molecules-23-02475-g003.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Molecules-23-02475-g003.webp/440px-Molecules-23-02475-g003.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="3585" data-file-height="4245" /></a><figcaption>Life cycle of some viruses classified by Baltimore group: <a href="/wiki/Herpes_simplex_virus" title="Herpes simplex virus">HSV</a> (group I), <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_C_virus" title="Hepatitis C virus">HCV</a> (group IV), <a href="/wiki/Influenza_A_virus" title="Influenza A virus">IAV</a> (group V), and <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV-1</a> (group VI)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Translation_(biology)" title="Translation (biology)">Translation</a> is the process by which <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteins</a> are synthesized from mRNA by <a href="/wiki/Ribosome" title="Ribosome">ribosomes</a>. Baltimore groups do not directly pertain to the translation of viral proteins, but various atypical types of translation used by viruses are usually found within specific Baltimore groups:<sup id="cite_ref-vz_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-firth_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-firth-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Non-canonical translation initiation: <ul><li>Viral initiation of translation: used primarily by +ssRNA and ssRNA-RT viruses, various viruses have evolved mechanisms to initiate translation, such as having internal ribosomal entry sites to allow for cap-independent translation, having downstream hairpin loops that allow for cap-dependent translation in the absence of an <a href="/wiki/EIF2" title="EIF2">eIF2</a> initiation factor, and initiation at a CUG or other start codon with a <a href="/wiki/Leucine" title="Leucine">leucine</a> amino acid.<sup id="cite_ref-initiation_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-initiation-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201869–70_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201869–70-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaky_scanning" title="Leaky scanning">Leaky scanning</a>: used by various viruses in all Baltimore groups, the 40S ribosomal subunit may scan through a start codon, thereby skipping an ORF, only initiating translation with the 60S subunit at a subsequent start codon.<sup id="cite_ref-leaky_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leaky-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201873–74_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201873–74-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribosomal_shunting" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribosomal shunting">Ribosomal shunting</a>: used by various dsDNA, +ssRNA, -ssRNA, ssRNA-RT, a dsDNA-RT viruses, ribosomes will start scanning from a 5′-cap structure then bypass a leader structure in the mRNA, initiation translation downstream from the leader sequence.<sup id="cite_ref-shunt_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shunt-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201874–75_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201874–75-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Termination-reinitiation: used by some dsRNA and +ssRNA viruses, ribosomes may translate an ORF, but following termination of translation of that ORF, a proportion of <a href="/wiki/Eukaryotic_small_ribosomal_subunit_(40S)" title="Eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S)">40S subunits of the ribosome</a> remain attached to the mRNA as a way to reinitiate translation of a subsequent ORF.<sup id="cite_ref-stop_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stop-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Non-canonical elongation and termination of translation: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ribosomal_frameshifting" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribosomal frameshifting">Ribosomal frameshifting</a>: used by various dsDNA, dsRNA, +ssRNA, and ssRNA-RT viruses, produces merged proteins from overlapping ORFs. This is executed simply by ribosomes slipping one <a href="/wiki/Nucleobase" class="mw-redirect" title="Nucleobase">nucleobase</a> forward or backward during translation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201873–74_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201873–74-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-shift_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shift-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Suppression of termination: also called stop-codon readthrough, used by various dsRNA, +ssRNA, and ssRNA-RT viruses, certain viruses contain codons in their mRNA that would normally signal for termination of translation upon being recognized by a <a href="/wiki/Release_factor" title="Release factor">release factor</a> but are instead partially recognized by <a href="/wiki/TRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="TRNA">tRNA</a> during translation, which allows for continued translation up to the next stop codon in order to produce an extended end of the viral protein.<sup id="cite_ref-supp_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-supp-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In viruses, this is often used to express <a href="/wiki/Replicase" class="mw-redirect" title="Replicase">replicase</a> enzymes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201872–73_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201872–73-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ribosomal skipping: also called stop-carry on, used by various dsRNA and +ssRNA viruses, a viral peptide, or amino acid sequence, may prevent a ribosome from covalently linking a new inserted amino acid, which blocks further translation. Consequently, the polyprotein is co-translationally cleaved, and a new amino acid sequence is started, leading to the production of two individual proteins from one ORF.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201874–75_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201874–75-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-skip_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skip-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr._David_Baltimore2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Dr._David_Baltimore2.jpg/170px-Dr._David_Baltimore2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Dr._David_Baltimore2.jpg/255px-Dr._David_Baltimore2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Dr._David_Baltimore2.jpg/340px-Dr._David_Baltimore2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>David Baltimore</figcaption></figure> <p>Baltimore classification was proposed in 1971 by virologist <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a> in a paper titled <i>Expression of Animal Virus Genomes</i>. It initially contained the first six groups but was later expanded to include group VII.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFermin201845–46_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFermin201845–46-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-exec_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exec-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the utility of Baltimore classification, it has come to be used alongside standard virus taxonomy, which is based on evolutionary relationships and governed by the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses</a> (ICTV).<sup id="cite_ref-exec_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exec-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 1990s to the 2010s, virus taxonomy used a 5-rank system ranging from order to species with Baltimore classification used in conjunction. Outside of the ICTV's official framework, various supergroups of viruses joining different families and orders were created over time based on increasing evidence of deeper evolutionary relations. Consequently, in 2016, the ICTV began to consider establishing ranks higher than order as well as how the Baltimore groups would be treated among higher taxa.<sup id="cite_ref-exec_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exec-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In two votes in 2018 and 2019, a 15-rank system ranging from <a href="/wiki/Realm_(virology)" title="Realm (virology)">realm</a> to species was established by the ICTV.<sup id="cite_ref-exec_70-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exec-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of this, the Baltimore groups for RNA viruses and RT viruses were incorporated into formal taxa. In 2018, the realm <i>Riboviria</i> was established and initially included the three RNA virus groups.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A year later, <i>Riboviria</i> was expanded to also include both RT groups. Within the realm, RT viruses are included in the kingdom <i>Pararnavirae</i> and RNA viruses in the kingdom <i>Orthornavirae</i>. Furthermore, the three Baltimore groups for RNA viruses are used as defining characteristics of the phyla in <i>Orthornavirae</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ribo_25-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ribo-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike RNA viruses and RT viruses, DNA viruses have not been united under a single realm but are instead dispersed across four realms and various taxa that are not assigned to a realm. The realms <i>Adnaviria</i> and <i>Duplodnaviria</i> exclusively contains dsDNA viruses,<sup id="cite_ref-duplo_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duplo-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-adna_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adna-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Monodnaviria</i> primarily contains ssDNA viruses but also contains dsDNA viruses,<sup id="cite_ref-mono_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mono-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Varidnaviria</i> exclusively contains dsDNA viruses, although some proposed members of <i>Varidnaviria</i>, namely the family <i><a href="/wiki/Finnlakeviridae" title="Finnlakeviridae">Finnlakeviridae</a></i>, are ssDNA viruses.<sup id="cite_ref-vari_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vari-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ssRNA-RT viruses are often called retroviruses, although this term is also used to refer to any reverse transcribing virus as well as specifically to viruses in the ssRNA-RT family <i><a href="/wiki/Retroviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroviridae">Retroviridae</a></i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELostroh201911–13-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELostroh201911–13_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELostroh201911–13_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLostroh2019">Lostroh 2019</a>, pp. 11–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vz-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vz_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vz_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vz_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vz_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/915">"Viral replication/transcription/translation"</a>. <i>ViralZone</i>. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ViralZone&rft.atitle=Viral+replication%2Ftranscription%2Ftranslation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fviralzone.expasy.org%2F915&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECann2015122–127-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECann2015122–127_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECann2015122–127_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECann2015122–127_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECann2015122–127_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECann2015122–127_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECann2015122–127_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCann2015">Cann 2015</a>, pp. 122–127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dsdna-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dsdna_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/1942">"dsDNA templated transcription"</a>. <i>ViralZone</i>. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ViralZone&rft.atitle=dsDNA+templated+transcription&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fviralzone.expasy.org%2F1942&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201866-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201866_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRampersadTennant2018">Rampersad & Tennant 2018</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFermin201836–40-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFermin201836–40_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFermin201836–40_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFermin201836–40_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFermin2018">Fermin 2018</a>, pp. 36–40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bidi-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bidi_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/1939">"dsDNA bidirectional replication"</a>. <i>ViralZone</i>. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ViralZone&rft.atitle=dsDNA+bidirectional+replication&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fviralzone.expasy.org%2F1939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dsdnarcr-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dsdnarcr_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/2676">"dsDNA rolling circle replication"</a>. <i>ViralZone</i>. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ViralZone&rft.atitle=dsDNA+rolling+circle+replication&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fviralzone.expasy.org%2F2676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-displace-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-displace_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/1940">"DNA strand displacement replication"</a>. <i>ViralZone</i>. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ViralZone&rft.atitle=DNA+strand+displacement+replication&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fviralzone.expasy.org%2F1940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reptrans-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reptrans_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/4017">"Replicative transposition"</a>. <i>ViralZone</i>. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Create+one+new+class+%28Naldaviricetes%29including+one+new+order+%28Lefavirales%29+for+four+families+of+arthropod-specific+large+DNA+viruses&rft.pub=International+Committee+on+Taxonomy+of+Viruses+%28ICTV%29&rft.date=2020-08-28&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=RL&rft.au=Herniou%2C+EA&rft.au=Jehle%2C+JA&rft.au=Theilmann%2C+DA&rft.au=Burand%2C+JP&rft.au=Krell%2C+PJ&rft.au=van+Oers%2C+MM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fictv.global%2Fictv%2Fproposals%2F2020.006D.R.Naldaviricetes.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ssdna-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ssdna_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ssdna_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/1941">"ssDNA Rolling circle"</a>. <i>ViralZone</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ViralZone&rft.atitle=Double+strand+RNA+viruses&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fviralzone.expasy.org%2F243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/245">"Positive strand RNA viruses"</a>. <i>ViralZone</i>. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ViralZone&rft.atitle=Positive+strand+RNA+viruses&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fviralzone.expasy.org%2F245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/240">"Negative strand RNA viruses"</a>. <i>ViralZone</i>. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ViralZone&rft.atitle=Negative+strand+RNA+viruses&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fviralzone.expasy.org%2F240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/246">"Reverse-transcribing viruses"</a>. <i>ViralZone</i>. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ViralZone&rft.atitle=Reverse-transcribing+viruses&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fviralzone.expasy.org%2F246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sphaero-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sphaero_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/6738">"Sphaerolipoviridae"</a>. <i>ViralZone</i>. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ViralZone&rft.atitle=Sphaerolipoviridae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fviralzone.expasy.org%2F6738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rnaedit-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rnaedit_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/857?outline=all_by_species">"RNA editing"</a>. <i>ViralZone</i>. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ViralZone&rft.atitle=RNA+editing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fviralzone.expasy.org%2F857%3Foutline%3Dall_by_species&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-firth-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-firth_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirthBrierley2012" class="citation journal cs1">Firth AE, Brierley I (July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3542737">"Non-canonical translation in RNA viruses"</a>. <i>J Gen Virol</i>. <b>9</b> (Pt 7): 1385–1409. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1099%2Fvir.0.042499-0">10.1099/vir.0.042499-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3542737">3542737</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22535777">22535777</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Gen+Virol&rft.atitle=Non-canonical+translation+in+RNA+viruses&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=Pt+7&rft.pages=1385-1409&rft.date=2012-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3542737%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22535777&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1099%2Fvir.0.042499-0&rft.aulast=Firth&rft.aufirst=AE&rft.au=Brierley%2C+I&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3542737&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-initiation-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-initiation_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/860?outline=all_by_species">"Viral initiation of translation"</a>. <i>ViralZone</i>. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ViralZone&rft.atitle=Viral+initiation+of+translation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fviralzone.expasy.org%2F860%3Foutline%3Dall_by_species&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201869–70-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201869–70_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRampersadTennant2018">Rampersad & Tennant 2018</a>, pp. 69–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leaky-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-leaky_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/1976">"Leaky scanning"</a>. <i>ViralZone</i>. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ViralZone&rft.atitle=Leaky+scanning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fviralzone.expasy.org%2F1976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201873–74-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201873–74_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201873–74_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRampersadTennant2018">Rampersad & Tennant 2018</a>, pp. 73–74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shunt-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-shunt_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/608">"Ribosomal shunt"</a>. <i>ViralZone</i>. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ViralZone&rft.atitle=Ribosomal+shunt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fviralzone.expasy.org%2F608&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201874–75-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201874–75_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201874–75_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRampersadTennant2018">Rampersad & Tennant 2018</a>, pp. 74–75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stop-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stop_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/858?outline=all_by_species">"RNA termination-reinitiation"</a>. <i>ViralZone</i>. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ViralZone&rft.atitle=RNA+termination-reinitiation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fviralzone.expasy.org%2F858%3Foutline%3Dall_by_species&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shift-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-shift_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/860?outline=all_by_species">"Ribosomal frameshifting"</a>. <i>ViralZone</i>. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ViralZone&rft.atitle=Ribosomal+frameshifting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fviralzone.expasy.org%2F860%3Foutline%3Dall_by_species&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-supp-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-supp_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/859?outline=all_by_species">"RNA suppression of termination"</a>. <i>ViralZone</i>. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ViralZone&rft.atitle=RNA+suppression+of+termination&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fviralzone.expasy.org%2F859%3Foutline%3Dall_by_species&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201872–73-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERampersadTennant201872–73_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRampersadTennant2018">Rampersad & Tennant 2018</a>, pp. 72–73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-skip-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-skip_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viralzone.expasy.org/914?outline=all_by_species">"Ribosomal skipping"</a>. <i>ViralZone</i>. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ViralZone&rft.atitle=Ribosomal+skipping&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fviralzone.expasy.org%2F914%3Foutline%3Dall_by_species&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaltimore_D1971" class="citation journal cs1">Baltimore D (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC378387">"Expression of animal virus genomes"</a>. <i>Bacteriol Rev</i>. <b>35</b> (3): 235–241. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FMMBR.35.3.235-241.1971">10.1128/MMBR.35.3.235-241.1971</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC378387">378387</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4329869">4329869</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bacteriol+Rev&rft.atitle=Expression+of+animal+virus+genomes&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=235-241&rft.date=1971&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC378387%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4329869&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FMMBR.35.3.235-241.1971&rft.au=Baltimore+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC378387&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-exec-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-exec_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exec_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exec_70-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exec_70-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses_Executive_Committee2020" class="citation journal cs1">International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Executive Committee (May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7186216">"The New Scope of Virus Taxonomy: Partitioning the Virosphere Into 15 Hierarchical Ranks"</a>. <i>Nat Microbiol</i>. <b>5</b> (5): 668–674. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41564-020-0709-x">10.1038/s41564-020-0709-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7186216">7186216</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32341570">32341570</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nat+Microbiol&rft.atitle=The+New+Scope+of+Virus+Taxonomy%3A+Partitioning+the+Virosphere+Into+15+Hierarchical+Ranks&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=668-674&rft.date=2020-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7186216%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32341570&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41564-020-0709-x&rft.au=International+Committee+on+Taxonomy+of+Viruses+Executive+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7186216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorbalenyaKrupovicSiddellVarsani2018" class="citation web cs1">Gorbalenya, Alexander E.; Krupovic, Mart; Siddell, Stuart; Varsani, Arvind; Kuhn, Jens H. (15 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2017.006G.A.v3.Riboviria.zip">"Riboviria: establishing a single taxon that comprises RNA viruses at the basal rank of virus taxonomy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(docx)</span>. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Riboviria%3A+establishing+a+single+taxon+that+comprises+RNA+viruses+at+the+basal+rank+of+virus+taxonomy&rft.pub=International+Committee+on+Taxonomy+of+Viruses+%28ICTV%29&rft.date=2018-10-15&rft.aulast=Gorbalenya&rft.aufirst=Alexander+E.&rft.au=Krupovic%2C+Mart&rft.au=Siddell%2C+Stuart&rft.au=Varsani%2C+Arvind&rft.au=Kuhn%2C+Jens+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fictv.global%2Fictv%2Fproposals%2F2017.006G.A.v3.Riboviria.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_bibliography">General bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: General bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCann2015" class="citation book cs1">Cann, A. (2015). <i>Principles of Molecular Virology</i>. Elsevier. pp. 122–127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0128019559" title="Special:BookSources/978-0128019559"><bdi>978-0128019559</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+Molecular+Virology&rft.pages=122-127&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0128019559&rft.aulast=Cann&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFermin2018" class="citation book cs1">Fermin, G. (2018). <i>Viruses: Molecular Biology, Host Interactions and Applications to Biotechnology</i>. Elsevier. pp. 35–46. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-12-811257-1.00002-4">10.1016/B978-0-12-811257-1.00002-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0128112571" title="Special:BookSources/978-0128112571"><bdi>978-0128112571</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:89706800">89706800</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Viruses%3A+Molecular+Biology%2C+Host+Interactions+and+Applications+to+Biotechnology&rft.pages=35-46&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A89706800%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-12-811257-1.00002-4&rft.isbn=978-0128112571&rft.aulast=Fermin&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLostroh2019" class="citation book cs1">Lostroh, P. (2019). <i>Molecular and Cellular Biology of Viruses</i>. Garland Science. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0429664304" title="Special:BookSources/978-0429664304"><bdi>978-0429664304</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biology+of+Viruses&rft.pub=Garland+Science&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0429664304&rft.aulast=Lostroh&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRampersadTennant2018" class="citation book cs1">Rampersad, S.; Tennant, P. (2018). <i>Viruses: Molecular Biology, Host Interactions and Applications to Biotechnology</i>. Elsevier. pp. 55–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-12-811257-1.00003-6">10.1016/B978-0-12-811257-1.00003-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0128112571" title="Special:BookSources/978-0128112571"><bdi>978-0128112571</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:90170103">90170103</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Viruses%3A+Molecular+Biology%2C+Host+Interactions+and+Applications+to+Biotechnology&rft.pages=55-82&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A90170103%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-12-811257-1.00003-6&rft.isbn=978-0128112571&rft.aulast=Rampersad&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Tennant%2C+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaltimore+classification" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_classification&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" 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href="/wiki/Template:Baltimore_(virus_classification)" title="Template:Baltimore (virus classification)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Baltimore_(virus_classification)" title="Template talk:Baltimore (virus classification)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Baltimore_(virus_classification)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Baltimore (virus classification)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Baltimore_(virus_classification)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Baltimore</a> (<a href="/wiki/Virus_classification" title="Virus classification">virus classification</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/DNA_virus" title="DNA virus">DNA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="I:_dsDNA_viruses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">I: <a href="/wiki/DsDNA_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="DsDNA virus">dsDNA viruses</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Adnaviria" title="Adnaviria">Adnaviria</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Zilligvirae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Zilligvirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Zilligvirae">Zilligvirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Taleaviricota" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taleaviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Taleaviricota">Taleaviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tokiviricetes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Tokiviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokiviricetes">Tokiviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ligamenvirales" title="Ligamenvirales">Ligamenvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lipothrixviridae" title="Lipothrixviridae">Lipothrixviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rudiviridae" title="Rudiviridae">Rudiviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Primavirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Primavirales">Primavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tristromaviridae" title="Tristromaviridae">Tristromaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Duplodnaviria" title="Duplodnaviria">Duplodnaviria</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Heunggongvirae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Heunggongvirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Heunggongvirae">Heunggongvirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Peploviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Peploviricota">Peploviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Herviviricetes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Herviviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Herviviricetes">Herviviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Herpesvirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Herpesvirales" title="Herpesvirales">Herpesvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alloherpesviridae" title="Alloherpesviridae">Alloherpesviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herpesviridae" title="Herpesviridae">Herpesviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malacoherpesviridae" title="Malacoherpesviridae">Malacoherpesviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Uroviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Uroviricota">Uroviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Caudoviricetes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Caudoviricetes" title="Caudoviricetes">Caudoviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Caudovirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Caudovirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Caudovirales">Caudovirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ackermannviridae" title="Ackermannviridae">Ackermannviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Autographiviridae" title="Autographiviridae">Autographiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaseviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaseviridae (page does not exist)">Chaseviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demerecviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demerecviridae (page does not exist)">Demerecviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drexlerviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drexlerviridae (page does not exist)">Drexlerviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guelinviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guelinviridae (page does not exist)">Guelinviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herelleviridae" title="Herelleviridae">Herelleviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myoviridae" title="Myoviridae">Myoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Podoviridae" title="Podoviridae">Podoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rountreeviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rountreeviridae (page does not exist)">Rountreeviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salasmaviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salasmaviridae (page does not exist)">Salasmaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schitoviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schitoviridae (page does not exist)">Schitoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siphoviridae" title="Siphoviridae">Siphoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zobellviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zobellviridae (page does not exist)">Zobellviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Monodnaviria" title="Monodnaviria">Monodnaviria</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Shotokuvirae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Shotokuvirae" title="Shotokuvirae">Shotokuvirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cossaviricota" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Cossaviricota" title="Cossaviricota">Cossaviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Papovaviricetes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Papovaviricetes" title="Papovaviricetes">Papovaviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Sepolyvirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Sepolyvirales">Sepolyvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Polyomaviridae" title="Polyomaviridae">Polyomaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Zurhausenvirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurhausenvirales">Zurhausenvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Papillomaviridae" title="Papillomaviridae">Papillomaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Varidnaviria" title="Varidnaviria">Varidnaviria</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Bamfordvirae" title="Bamfordvirae">Bamfordvirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nucleocytoviricota" title="Nucleocytoviricota">Nucleocytoviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pokkesviricetes" title="Pokkesviricetes">Pokkesviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Asfuvirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Asfuvirales">Asfuvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Asfarviridae" title="Asfarviridae">Asfarviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Chitovirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Chitovirales">Chitovirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Poxviridae" title="Poxviridae">Poxviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Megaviricetes" title="Megaviricetes">Megaviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Algavirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Algavirales">Algavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Phycodnaviridae" title="Phycodnaviridae">Phycodnaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Imitervirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Imitervirales">Imitervirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mimiviridae" title="Mimiviridae">Mimiviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pimascovirales" title="Pimascovirales">Pimascovirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ascoviridae" title="Ascoviridae">Ascoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iridoviridae" title="Iridoviridae">Iridoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marseilleviridae" title="Marseilleviridae">Marseilleviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Preplasmiviricota" title="Preplasmiviricota">Preplasmiviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Maveriviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Maveriviricetes">Maveriviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Priklausovirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Priklausovirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Priklausovirales">Priklausovirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lavidaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavidaviridae">Lavidaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Polintoviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Polintoviricetes">Polintoviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Orthopolintovirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthopolintovirales">Orthopolintovirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adintoviridae" title="Adintoviridae">Adintoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Tectiliviricetes" title="Tectiliviricetes">Tectiliviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Belfryvirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Belfryvirales">Belfryvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Turriviridae" title="Turriviridae">Turriviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Kalamavirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalamavirales">Kalamavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tectiviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectiviridae">Tectiviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Rowavirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Rowavirales">Rowavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adenoviridae" title="Adenoviridae">Adenoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Vinavirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinavirales">Vinavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Corticoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Corticoviridae">Corticoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Helvetiavirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Helvetiavirae">Helvetiavirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dividoviricota" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Dividoviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Dividoviricota">Dividoviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Laserviricetes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Laserviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Laserviricetes">Laserviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Halopanivirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Halopanivirales" title="Halopanivirales">Halopanivirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Matshushitaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Matshushitaviridae">Matshushitaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Simuloviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Simuloviridae">Simuloviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sphaerolipoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphaerolipoviridae">Sphaerolipoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unassigned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Naldaviricetes" title="Naldaviricetes">Naldaviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lefavirales" title="Lefavirales">Lefavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Baculoviridae" title="Baculoviridae">Baculoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hytrosaviridae" title="Hytrosaviridae">Hytrosaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nudiviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nudiviridae">Nudiviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unassigned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nimaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimaviridae">Nimaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unassigned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Families</b>: <i><a href="/wiki/Ampullaviridae" title="Ampullaviridae">Ampullaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bicaudaviridae" title="Bicaudaviridae">Bicaudaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clavaviridae" title="Clavaviridae">Clavaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fuselloviridae" title="Fuselloviridae">Fuselloviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Globuloviridae" title="Globuloviridae">Globuloviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guttaviridae" title="Guttaviridae">Guttaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Halspiviridae" title="Halspiviridae">Halspiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ovaliviridae" title="Ovaliviridae">Ovaliviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plasmaviridae" title="Plasmaviridae">Plasmaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polydnaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Polydnaviridae">Polydnaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portogloboviridae" title="Portogloboviridae">Portogloboviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thaspiviridae" title="Thaspiviridae">Thaspiviridae</a></i></li> <li><b>Genera</b>: <i><a href="/wiki/Dinodnavirus" title="Dinodnavirus">Dinodnavirus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhizidiovirus" title="Rhizidiovirus">Rhizidiovirus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="II:_ssDNA_viruses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">II: <a href="/wiki/SsDNA_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="SsDNA virus">ssDNA viruses</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Monodnaviria" title="Monodnaviria">Monodnaviria</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Loebvirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Loebvirae">Loebvirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hofneiviricota" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Hofneiviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Hofneiviricota">Hofneiviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Faserviricetes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Faserviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Faserviricetes">Faserviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tubulavirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Tubulavirales" title="Tubulavirales">Tubulavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Inoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Inoviridae">Inoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paulinoviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paulinoviridae (page does not exist)">Paulinoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plectroviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plectroviridae (page does not exist)">Plectroviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Sangervirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangervirae">Sangervirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Phixviricota" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Phixviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Phixviricota">Phixviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Malgrandaviricetes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Malgrandaviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Malgrandaviricetes">Malgrandaviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Petitvirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Petitvirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Petitvirales">Petitvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Microviridae" title="Microviridae">Microviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Shotokuvirae" title="Shotokuvirae">Shotokuvirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Cossaviricota" title="Cossaviricota">Cossaviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Mouviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouviricetes">Mouviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Polivirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Polivirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Polivirales">Polivirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bidnaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidnaviridae">Bidnaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Quintoviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Quintoviricetes">Quintoviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Piccovirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Piccovirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Piccovirales">Piccovirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Parvoviridae" title="Parvoviridae">Parvoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Cressdnaviricota" title="Cressdnaviricota">Cressdnaviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Arfiviricetes" title="Arfiviricetes">Arfiviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Baphyvirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Baphyvirales">Baphyvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bacilladnaviridae" title="Bacilladnaviridae">Bacilladnaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Cirlivirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Cirlivirales">Cirlivirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Circoviridae" title="Circoviridae">Circoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Cremevirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Cremevirales">Cremevirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Smacoviridae" title="Smacoviridae">Smacoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Mulpavirales" title="Mulpavirales">Mulpavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaxyviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metaxyviridae (page does not exist)">Metaxyviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nanoviridae" title="Nanoviridae">Nanoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Recrevirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Recrevirales">Recrevirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Redondoviridae" title="Redondoviridae">Redondoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Repensiviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Repensiviricetes">Repensiviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Geplafuvirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Geplafuvirales" title="Geplafuvirales">Geplafuvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Geminiviridae" title="Geminiviridae">Geminiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genomoviridae" title="Genomoviridae">Genomoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Trapavirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Trapavirae">Trapavirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Saleviricota" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Saleviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Saleviricota">Saleviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Huolimaviricetes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Huolimaviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Huolimaviricetes">Huolimaviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Haloruvirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Haloruvirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Haloruvirales">Haloruvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pleolipoviridae" title="Pleolipoviridae">Pleolipoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unassigned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Families</b>: <i><a href="/wiki/Anelloviridae" title="Anelloviridae">Anelloviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Finnlakeviridae" title="Finnlakeviridae">Finnlakeviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spiraviridae" title="Spiraviridae">Spiraviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/RNA_virus" title="RNA virus">RNA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="III:_dsRNA_viruses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">III: <a href="/wiki/Double-stranded_RNA_viruses" title="Double-stranded RNA viruses">dsRNA viruses</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Riboviria" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Riboviria" title="Riboviria">Riboviria</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Orthornavirae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Orthornavirae" title="Orthornavirae">Orthornavirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Duplornaviricota" title="Duplornaviricota">Duplornaviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Chrymotiviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrymotiviricetes">Chrymotiviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ghabrivirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ghabrivirales" title="Ghabrivirales">Ghabrivirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chrysoviridae" title="Chrysoviridae">Chrysoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megabirnaviridae" title="Megabirnaviridae">Megabirnaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quadriviridae" title="Quadriviridae">Quadriviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Totiviridae" title="Totiviridae">Totiviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Resentoviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Resentoviricetes">Resentoviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Reovirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Reovirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Reovirales">Reovirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Reoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Reoviridae">Reoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Vidaverviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Vidaverviricetes">Vidaverviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mindivirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Mindivirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Mindivirales">Mindivirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cystoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cystoviridae">Cystoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pisuviricota" title="Pisuviricota">Pisuviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Duplopiviricetes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Duplopiviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Duplopiviricetes">Duplopiviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Durnavirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Durnavirales" title="Durnavirales">Durnavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amalgaviridae" title="Amalgaviridae">Amalgaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curvulaviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curvulaviridae (page does not exist)">Curvulaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hypoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypoviridae">Hypoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Picobirnaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Picobirnaviridae">Picobirnaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Partitiviridae" title="Partitiviridae">Partitiviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unassigned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Families</b>: <i><a href="/wiki/Birnaviridae" title="Birnaviridae">Birnaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polymycoviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polymycoviridae (page does not exist)">Polymycoviridae</a></i></li> <li><b>Genera</b>: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botybirnavirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Botybirnavirus (page does not exist)">Botybirnavirus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="IV:_(+)ssRNA_viruses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">IV: <a href="/wiki/Positive-sense_ssRNA_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive-sense ssRNA virus">(+)ssRNA viruses</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Riboviria" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Riboviria" title="Riboviria">Riboviria</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Orthornavirae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Orthornavirae" title="Orthornavirae">Orthornavirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Kitrinoviricota" title="Kitrinoviricota">Kitrinoviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Alsuviricetes" title="Alsuviricetes">Alsuviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Hepelivirales" title="Hepelivirales">Hepelivirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alphatetraviridae" title="Alphatetraviridae">Alphatetraviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Benyviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Benyviridae">Benyviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hepeviridae" title="Hepeviridae">Hepeviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matonaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Matonaviridae">Matonaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Martellivirales" title="Martellivirales">Martellivirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bromoviridae" title="Bromoviridae">Bromoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Closteroviridae" title="Closteroviridae">Closteroviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Endornaviridae" title="Endornaviridae">Endornaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitaviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kitaviridae (page does not exist)">Kitaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayoviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mayoviridae (page does not exist)">Mayoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Togaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Togaviridae">Togaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virgaviridae" title="Virgaviridae">Virgaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Tymovirales" title="Tymovirales">Tymovirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alphaflexiviridae" title="Alphaflexiviridae">Alphaflexiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Betaflexiviridae" title="Betaflexiviridae">Betaflexiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deltaflexiviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deltaflexiviridae (page does not exist)">Deltaflexiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gammaflexiviridae" title="Gammaflexiviridae">Gammaflexiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tymoviridae" title="Tymoviridae">Tymoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Flasuviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Flasuviricetes">Flasuviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Amarillovirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Amarillovirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Amarillovirales">Amarillovirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flaviviridae" title="Flaviviridae">Flaviviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Magsaviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Magsaviricetes">Magsaviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nodamuvirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nodamuvirales" title="Nodamuvirales">Nodamuvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nodaviridae" title="Nodaviridae">Nodaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinhaliviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinhaliviridae (page does not exist)">Sinhaliviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Tolucaviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolucaviricetes">Tolucaviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tolivirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Tolivirales" title="Tolivirales">Tolivirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Carmotetraviridae" title="Carmotetraviridae">Carmotetraviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luteoviridae" title="Luteoviridae">Luteoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tombusviridae" title="Tombusviridae">Tombusviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lenarviricota" title="Lenarviricota">Lenarviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Leviviricetes" title="Leviviricetes">Leviviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Norzivirales" title="Norzivirales">Norzivirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atkinsviridae" title="Atkinsviridae">Atkinsviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Duinviridae" title="Duinviridae">Duinviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fiersviridae" title="Fiersviridae">Fiersviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solspiviridae" title="Solspiviridae">Solspiviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Timlovirales" title="Timlovirales">Timlovirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Blumeviridae" title="Blumeviridae">Blumeviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Steitzviridae" title="Steitzviridae">Steitzviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Amabiliviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Amabiliviricetes">Amabiliviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Wolframvirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Wolframvirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolframvirales">Wolframvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Narnaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Narnaviridae">Narnaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Howeltoviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Howeltoviricetes">Howeltoviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cryppavirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Cryppavirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryppavirales">Cryppavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mitoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitoviridae">Mitoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Miaviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Miaviricetes">Miaviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ourlivirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ourlivirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Ourlivirales">Ourlivirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Botourmiaviridae" title="Botourmiaviridae">Botourmiaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pisuviricota" title="Pisuviricota">Pisuviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pisoniviricetes" title="Pisoniviricetes">Pisoniviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nidovirales" title="Nidovirales">Nidovirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abyssoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Abyssoviridae">Abyssoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arteriviridae" title="Arteriviridae">Arteriviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremegaviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cremegaviridae (page does not exist)">Cremegaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coronaviridae" title="Coronaviridae">Coronaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euroniviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euroniviridae (page does not exist)">Euroniviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gresnaviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gresnaviridae (page does not exist)">Gresnaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medioniviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medioniviridae (page does not exist)">Medioniviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesoniviridae" title="Mesoniviridae">Mesoniviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mononiviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mononiviridae">Mononiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanghoshaviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanghoshaviridae (page does not exist)">Nanghoshaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanhypoviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanhypoviridae (page does not exist)">Nanhypoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olifoviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olifoviridae (page does not exist)">Olifoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roniviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Roniviridae">Roniviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tobaniviridae" title="Tobaniviridae">Tobaniviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Picornavirales" title="Picornavirales">Picornavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Picornaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Picornaviridae">Picornaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marnaviridae" title="Marnaviridae">Marnaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solinviviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solinviviridae (page does not exist)">Solinviviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caliciviridae" title="Caliciviridae">Caliciviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iflaviridae" title="Iflaviridae">Iflaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Secoviridae" title="Secoviridae">Secoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dicistroviridae" title="Dicistroviridae">Dicistroviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polycipiviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polycipiviridae (page does not exist)">Polycipiviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Sobelivirales" title="Sobelivirales">Sobelivirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alvernaviridae" title="Alvernaviridae">Alvernaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barnaviridae" title="Barnaviridae">Barnaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solemoviridae" title="Solemoviridae">Solemoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Stelpaviricetes" title="Stelpaviricetes">Stelpaviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Patatavirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Patatavirales">Patatavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Potyviridae" title="Potyviridae">Potyviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Stellavirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Stellavirales">Stellavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Astroviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Astroviridae">Astroviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unassigned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Families</b>: <i><a href="/wiki/Permutotetraviridae" title="Permutotetraviridae">Permutotetraviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarthroviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarthroviridae">Sarthroviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="V:_(–)ssRNA_viruses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">V: <a href="/wiki/Negative-sense_ssRNA_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Negative-sense ssRNA virus">(–)ssRNA viruses</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Riboviria" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Riboviria" title="Riboviria">Riboviria</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Orthornavirae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Orthornavirae" title="Orthornavirae">Orthornavirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Negarnaviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Negarnaviricota">Negarnaviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Chunqiuviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chunqiuviricetes">Chunqiuviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Muvirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Muvirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Muvirales">Muvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Qinviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Qinviridae">Qinviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ellioviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellioviricetes">Ellioviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Bunyavirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Bunyavirales" title="Bunyavirales">Bunyavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cruliviridae" title="Cruliviridae">Cruliviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arenaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Arenaviridae">Arenaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fimoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fimoviridae">Fimoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hantaviridae" title="Hantaviridae">Hantaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leishbuviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leishbuviridae (page does not exist)">Leishbuviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mypoviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mypoviridae (page does not exist)">Mypoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nairoviridae" title="Nairoviridae">Nairoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peribunyaviridae" title="Peribunyaviridae">Peribunyaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phasmaviridae" title="Phasmaviridae">Phasmaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phenuiviridae" title="Phenuiviridae">Phenuiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tospoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tospoviridae">Tospoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wupedeviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wupedeviridae (page does not exist)">Wupedeviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Insthoviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Insthoviricetes">Insthoviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Articulavirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Articulavirales" title="Articulavirales">Articulavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amnoonviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Amnoonviridae">Amnoonviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orthomyxoviridae" title="Orthomyxoviridae">Orthomyxoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Milneviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Milneviricetes">Milneviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Serpentovirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Serpentovirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Serpentovirales">Serpentovirales </a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aspiviridae" title="Aspiviridae">Aspiviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Monjiviricetes" title="Monjiviricetes">Monjiviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Jingchuvirales" title="Jingchuvirales">Jingchuvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aliusviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aliusviridae (page does not exist)">Aliusviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chuviridae" title="Chuviridae">Chuviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crepuscuviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crepuscuviridae (page does not exist)">Crepuscuviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myriaviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myriaviridae (page does not exist)">Myriaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natareviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natareviridae (page does not exist)">Natareviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Mononegavirales" title="Mononegavirales">Mononegavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Artoviridae" title="Artoviridae">Artoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bornaviridae" title="Bornaviridae">Bornaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Filoviridae" title="Filoviridae">Filoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lispiviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lispiviridae (page does not exist)">Lispiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mymonaviridae" title="Mymonaviridae">Mymonaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nyamiviridae" title="Nyamiviridae">Nyamiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paramyxoviridae" title="Paramyxoviridae">Paramyxoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pneumoviridae" title="Pneumoviridae">Pneumoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhabdoviridae" title="Rhabdoviridae">Rhabdoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunviridae" title="Sunviridae">Sunviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinmoviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinmoviridae (page does not exist)">Xinmoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Yunchangviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunchangviricetes">Yunchangviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Goujianvirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Goujianvirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Goujianvirales">Goujianvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yueviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Yueviridae">Yueviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ambiviricota" title="Ambiviricota">Ambiviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Suforviricetes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Suforviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Suforviricetes">Suforviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Crytulvirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Crytulvirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Crytulvirales">Crytulvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dumbiviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dumbiviridae (page does not exist)">Dumbiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quambiviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quambiviridae (page does not exist)">Quambiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trimbiviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trimbiviridae (page does not exist)">Trimbiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unambiviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unambiviridae (page does not exist)">Unambiviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reverse_transcribing_virus" title="Reverse transcribing virus">RT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="VI:_ssRNA-RT_viruses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">VI: <a href="/wiki/SsRNA-RT_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="SsRNA-RT virus">ssRNA-RT viruses</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Riboviria" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Riboviria" title="Riboviria">Riboviria</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pararnavirae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pararnavirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pararnavirae">Pararnavirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Artverviricota" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Artverviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Artverviricota">Artverviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Revtraviricetes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Revtraviricetes" title="Revtraviricetes">Revtraviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ortervirales" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ortervirales" title="Ortervirales">Ortervirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Belpaoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Belpaoviridae">Belpaoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metaviridae" title="Metaviridae">Metaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoviridae" title="Pseudoviridae">Pseudoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Retroviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroviridae">Retroviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="VII:_dsDNA-RT_viruses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">VII: <a href="/wiki/DsDNA-RT_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="DsDNA-RT virus">dsDNA-RT viruses</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Riboviria" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Riboviria" title="Riboviria">Riboviria</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pararnavirae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pararnavirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pararnavirae">Pararnavirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" 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