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href="#Career_and_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career and research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career_and_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Awards and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Frances Allen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AB" title="فرانسيس إليزابيث – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرانسيس إليزابيث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Elizabeth_Allen" title="Frances Elizabeth Allen – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Frances Elizabeth Allen" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%86" title="فرانسیس آلن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانسیس آلن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="ফ্রান্সিস এলিজাবেথ অ্যালেন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রান্সিস এলিজাবেথ অ্যালেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Фрэнсіс Ален – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фрэнсіс Ален" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Elizabeth_Allen" title="Frances Elizabeth Allen – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Frances Elizabeth Allen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_E._Allenov%C3%A1" title="Frances E. Allenová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Frances E. Allenová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_E._Allen" title="Frances E. Allen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Frances E. Allen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_E._Allen" title="Frances E. Allen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frances E. Allen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Elizabeth_Allen" title="Frances Elizabeth Allen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Frances Elizabeth Allen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_E._Allen" title="Frances E. Allen – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Frances E. Allen" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Elizabeth_Allen" title="Frances Elizabeth Allen – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frances Elizabeth Allen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%86" title="فرانسیس آلن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانسیس آلن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Allen" title="Frances Allen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Frances Allen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_E._Allen" title="Frances E. Allen – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Frances E. Allen" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%9C%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4_%EC%95%A8%EB%9F%B0" title="프랜시스 앨런 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랜시스 앨런" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD_%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ֆրենսիս Ալեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրենսիս Ալեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_E._Allen" title="Frances E. Allen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Frances E. Allen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_E._Allen" title="Frances E. Allen – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Frances E. Allen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A1_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9F" title="פרנסס אלן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרנסס אלן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ფრენსის ალენი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრენსის ალენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Allen" title="Frances Allen – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Frances Allen" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AB" title="فرانسيس اليزابيث – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرانسيس اليزابيث" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_E._Allen" title="Frances E. Allen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frances E. Allen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BBE%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3" title="フランシス・E・アレン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランシス・E・アレン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_E._Allen" title="Frances E. Allen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frances E. Allen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_E._Allen" title="Frances E. Allen – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Frances E. Allen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Allen" title="Frances Allen – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frances Allen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Allen" title="Frances Allen – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Frances Allen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Аллен, Фрэнсис – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аллен, Фрэнсис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_E._Allen" title="Frances E. Allen – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Frances E. Allen" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_E._Allen" title="Frances E. Allen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Frances E. Allen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Allenov%C3%A1" title="Frances Allenová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Frances Allenová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Франсес Ален – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Франсес Ален" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_E._Allen" title="Frances E. Allen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Frances E. Allen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Allen" title="Frances Allen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frances Allen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_E._Allen" title="Frances E. Allen – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Frances E. Allen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Френсіс Аллен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Френсіс Аллен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Allen" title="Frances Allen – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Frances Allen" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%A6" title="法兰·艾伦 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法兰·艾伦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9602#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Frances_Allen" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran_Allen&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Fran Allen">Fran Allen</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American computer scientist (1932–2020)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Frances Allen, see <a href="/wiki/Frances_Allen_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Frances Allen (disambiguation)">Frances Allen (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Frances Allen</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Allen_mg_2528-3750K-b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Allen_mg_2528-3750K-b.jpg/220px-Allen_mg_2528-3750K-b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Allen_mg_2528-3750K-b.jpg/330px-Allen_mg_2528-3750K-b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Allen_mg_2528-3750K-b.jpg/440px-Allen_mg_2528-3750K-b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="2912" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Frances Elizabeth Allen</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1932-08-04</span>)</span>August 4, 1932<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Peru,_New_York" title="Peru, New York">Peru, New York</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">August 4, 2020<span style="display:none">(2020-08-04)</span> (aged 88)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Schenectady,_New_York" title="Schenectady, New York">Schenectady, New York</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_at_Albany" class="mw-redirect" title="University at Albany">University at Albany</a> (BS)<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> (MS)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_T._Schwartz" title="Jacob T. Schwartz">Jacob T. Schwartz</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1972⁠–⁠1982)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACM_Fellow" title="ACM Fellow">ACM Fellow</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Fellow" title="IBM Fellow">IBM Fellow</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Lovelace_Award" title="Ada Lovelace Award">Ada Lovelace Award</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Pioneer_Award" title="Computer Pioneer Award">Computer Pioneer Award</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Award</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Member of the National Academy of Sciences">Member of the National Academy of Sciences</a> (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-nasonline_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasonline-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-performance_computing" title="High-performance computing">High-performance computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_computing" title="Parallel computing">Parallel computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">Compilers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optimizing_compiler" title="Optimizing compiler">Optimizing compilers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a><br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/witexhibit/wit_hall_allen.html">www<wbr />.ibm<wbr />.com<wbr />/ibm<wbr />/history<wbr />/witexhibit<wbr />/wit<wbr />_hall<wbr />_allen<wbr />.html</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Frances Elizabeth Allen</b> (August 4, 1932 – August 4, 2020)<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_obit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an American <a href="/wiki/Computer_scientist" title="Computer scientist">computer scientist</a> and pioneer in the field of <a href="/wiki/Optimizing_compiler" title="Optimizing compiler">optimizing compilers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-acm_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oral-history_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oral-history-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dblp_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dblp-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allen was the first woman to become an <a href="/wiki/IBM_Fellow" title="IBM Fellow">IBM Fellow</a>, and in 2006 became the first woman to win the <a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Award</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CACM_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CACM-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her achievements include seminal work in <a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">compilers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Program_optimization" title="Program optimization">program optimization</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Parallel_computing" title="Parallel computing">parallelization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She worked for IBM from 1957 to 2002 and subsequently was a Fellow Emerita.<sup id="cite_ref-turing-award_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turing-award-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frances_Allen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Allen grew up on a farm in <a href="/wiki/Peru,_New_York" title="Peru, New York">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_State" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State">New York</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Champlain" title="Lake Champlain">Lake Champlain</a>, as the oldest of six children. Her father was a farmer, and her mother an elementary schoolteacher.<sup id="cite_ref-turing-award_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turing-award-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her early elementary education took place in a one-room school house a mile away from her home, and she later attended a local high school.<sup id="cite_ref-lohr_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lohr-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She graduated from The New York State College for Teachers (now part of the <a href="/wiki/University_at_Albany,_SUNY" title="University at Albany, SUNY">University at Albany, SUNY</a>) with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> degree in <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> in 1954 and began teaching school in Peru, New York.<sup id="cite_ref-lohr_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lohr-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After two years, she enrolled at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> and earned a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">Master of Science</a> degree in mathematics in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-lasewicz_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lasewicz-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_and_research">Career and research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frances_Allen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deeply in debt with <a href="/wiki/Student_loan" title="Student loan">student loans</a>, she joined <a href="/wiki/IBM_Research" title="IBM Research">IBM Research</a> in <a href="/wiki/Poughkeepsie,_New_York" title="Poughkeepsie, New York">Poughkeepsie</a>, New York, as a programmer in 1957, where she taught incoming employees the basics of <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a>. She planned to return to teaching once her student loans had been paid, but ended up staying with IBM for her entire 45-year career. In 1959, Allen was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/IBM_7950_Harvest" title="IBM 7950 Harvest">Harvest</a> project for code breaking with the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a>, and worked on a <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming language</a> called <i>Alpha</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-CACM_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CACM-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She managed the compiler-optimization team for both Harvest and the <a href="/wiki/IBM_7030_Stretch" title="IBM 7030 Stretch">Stretch</a> project. </p><p>In 1962, she was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson_Research_Center" title="Thomas J. Watson Research Center">Thomas J. Watson Research Center</a>, where she contributed to the <a href="/wiki/ACS-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ACS-1">ACS-1</a> project, and later in the 1970s, to <a href="/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I">PL/I</a>. During these years, she worked with fellow researcher <a href="/wiki/John_Cocke_(computer_scientist)" title="John Cocke (computer scientist)">John Cocke</a> to write a series of seminal papers on <a href="/wiki/Optimizing_compiler" title="Optimizing compiler">optimizing compilers</a>, helping to improve the efficiency of machine code translated from high-level languages.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_obit_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1970 to 1971 she spent a <a href="/wiki/Sabbatical" title="Sabbatical">sabbatical</a> at <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> and acted as <a href="/wiki/Adjunct_professor" title="Adjunct professor">adjunct professor</a> for a few years afterward. Another sabbatical brought her to <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-lasewicz_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lasewicz-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1980 to 1995, Allen led IBM's work in the developing <a href="/wiki/Parallel_computing" title="Parallel computing">parallel computing</a> area, and helped to develop software for the IBM <a href="/wiki/IBM_Blue_Gene" title="IBM Blue Gene">Blue Gene</a> project.<sup id="cite_ref-wapost_obit_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wapost_obit-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allen became the first female <a href="/wiki/IBM_Fellow" title="IBM Fellow">IBM Fellow</a> in 1989. She retired from IBM in 2002, but remained affiliated with the corporation as a Fellow Emerita. In 2007, the IBM Ph.D. Fellowship Award was created in her honor.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After retiring, she remained active in programs that encourage women and girls to seek careers in science and computing.<sup id="cite_ref-apturing_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apturing-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her A. M. Turing Award citation reads: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Fran Allen's work has had an enormous impact on compiler research and practice. Both alone and in joint work with <a href="/wiki/John_Cocke_(computer_scientist)" title="John Cocke (computer scientist)">John Cocke</a>, she introduced many of the abstractions, algorithms, and implementations that laid the groundwork for automatic program optimization technology. Allen's 1966 paper, "Program Optimization," laid the conceptual basis for systematic analysis and transformation of computer programs. This paper introduced the use of graph-theoretic structures to encode program content in order to automatically and efficiently derive relationships and identify opportunities for optimization. Her 1970 papers, "Control Flow Analysis" and "A Basis for Program Optimization" established "intervals" as the context for efficient and effective data flow analysis and optimization. Her 1971 paper with Cocke, "A Catalog of Optimizing Transformations," provided the first description and systematization of optimizing transformations. Her 1973 and 1974 papers on interprocedural data flow analysis extended the analysis to whole programs. Her 1976 paper with Cocke describes one of the two main analysis strategies used in optimizing compilers today. Allen developed and implemented her methods as part of compilers for the IBM STRETCH-HARVEST and the experimental Advanced Computing System. This work established the feasibility and structure of modern machine- and language-independent optimizers. She went on to establish and lead the <a href="/w/index.php?title=PTRAN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PTRAN (page does not exist)">PTRAN</a> project on the automatic parallel execution of FORTRAN programs. Her PTRAN team developed new parallelism detection schemes and created the concept of the program dependence graph, the primary structuring method used by most parallelizing compilers.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a> (ACM), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/allen_1012327.cfm">Citation for the A. M. Turing Award 2006</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frances_Allen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Allen_mg_2545-b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Allen_mg_2545-b.jpg/170px-Allen_mg_2545-b.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Allen_mg_2545-b.jpg/255px-Allen_mg_2545-b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Allen_mg_2545-b.jpg/340px-Allen_mg_2545-b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Fran Allen receiving the Erna Hamburger Distinguished Lecture Award at <a href="/wiki/EPFL" class="mw-redirect" title="EPFL">EPFL</a>, May 6, 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>Allen was a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</a> (IEEE) and the <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a> (ACM). In 2000, she was made a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a> "for her contributions to program optimization and compiling for <a href="/wiki/Parallel_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Parallel computer">parallel computers</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was elected to the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Engineering" title="National Academy of Engineering">National Academy of Engineering</a> in 1987,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 2001,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-nasonline_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasonline-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was nominated a <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences">Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-AAAS_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She received the <a href="/wiki/International_Parallel_and_Distributed_Processing_Symposium#IEEE_Computer_Society_Charles_Babbage_Award" title="International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium">IEEE Computer Society Charles Babbage Award</a> in 1997 and the Computer Pioneer Award of the IEEE Computer Society in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997, Allen was inducted into the Witi Hall of Fame.<sup id="cite_ref-WITI_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WITI-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She won the 2002 <a href="/wiki/Augusta_Ada_Lovelace_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Augusta Ada Lovelace Award">Augusta Ada Lovelace Award</a> from the Association for <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in Computing">Women in Computing</a>. In 2004, Allen was the winner of the <a href="/wiki/Anita_Borg_Institute_Women_of_Vision_Awards" title="Anita Borg Institute Women of Vision Awards">ABIE Award for Technical Leadership</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Anita_Borg_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Anita Borg Institute">Anita Borg Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Allen was recognized for her work in <a href="/wiki/Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">high-performance computing</a> with the 2006 <a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Award</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-turing-award_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turing-award-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She became the first woman recipient in the forty-year history of the award, which is considered the equivalent of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> for computing and is given by the <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-apturing_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apturing-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In interviews following the award she hoped it would give more "opportunities for women in science, computing, and engineering".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009 she was awarded an honorary doctor of science degree from <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> for "pioneering contributions to the theory and practice of optimizing compiler techniques that laid the foundation for modern optimizing compilers and automatic parallel execution".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frances_Allen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A list of her select publications includes:<sup id="cite_ref-acm_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dblp_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dblp-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAllenCocke1971" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Frances E.; Cocke, John (1971). Rustin, Randall (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oeXaZwEACAAJ"><i>A Catalogue of Optimizing Transformations</i></a>. Design and Optimization of Compilers. Thomas J. Watson IBM Research Center. Prentice Hall.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Catalogue+of+Optimizing+Transformations&rft.series=Design+and+Optimization+of+Compilers&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Frances+E.&rft.au=Cocke%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoeXaZwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrances+Allen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Allen, Frances E., "Interprocedural data flow analysis", <i>Proceedings of Information Processing 74</i>, IFIP, Elsevier / North-Holland (1974), 398–402.</li> <li>Allen, Frances E. and J. Cocke, "A program data flow analysis procedure", <i>Communications of the ACM</i>, Vol. 19, No. 3 (March 1976), 137–147.</li> <li>Allen, Frances E. et al., "The Experimental Compiling System", <i>IBM Journal of Research and Development</i>, Vol. 24, No. 6, (November 1980), 695–715.</li> <li>Allen, Frances E., "The history of language processor technology at IBM", <i>IBM Journal of Research and Development</i>, Vol. 25, No. 5 (September 1981), 535–548.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frances_Allen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1972, Allen married <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> computer science professor and collaborator <a href="/wiki/Jacob_T._Schwartz" title="Jacob T. Schwartz">Jacob T. Schwartz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oral-history_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oral-history-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They divorced in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_obit_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Allen died on August 4, 2020, her 88th birthday, from complications with <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_obit_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wapost_obit_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wapost_obit-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frances_Allen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nasonline-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nasonline_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasonline_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/17442.html">"Frances Allen"</a>. <i>nasonline.org</i>. National Academy of Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nasonline.org&rft.atitle=Frances+Allen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fmember-directory%2Fmembers%2F17442.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrances+Allen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes_obit-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_obit_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_obit_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_obit_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_obit_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetz2020" class="citation web cs1">Metz, Cade (August 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/08/technology/frances-allen-dead.html">"Frances Allen, Who Helped Hardware Understand Software, Dies at 88"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Frances+Allen%2C+Who+Helped+Hardware+Understand+Software%2C+Dies+at+88&rft.date=2020-08-08&rft.aulast=Metz&rft.aufirst=Cade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F08%2F08%2Ftechnology%2Ffrances-allen-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrances+Allen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Croucher, John S. "Frances 'Fran' Elizabeth Allen", <i>Women of Science: 100 Inspirational Lives</i>. Gloucester UK: Amberley Publishing 2019, 21-23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-acm-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-acm_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-acm_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.acm.org/author_page.cfm?id=81100651807">Frances Allen</a> author profile page at the <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">ACM</a> Digital Library <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9602#P864" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oral-history-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oral-history_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oral-history_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbate2001" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Abbate" title="Janet Abbate">Abbate, Janet</a> (August 2, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ethw.org/Oral-History:Frances_%22Fran%22_Allen">"Oral-History:Frances "Fran" Allen"</a>. <i>Archived at the <a href="/wiki/Engineering_and_Technology_History_Wiki" title="Engineering and Technology History Wiki">ETHW</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="New Brunswick, New Jersey">New Brunswick, New Jersey</a>. Interview #573 for the <a href="/wiki/IEEE" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE">IEEE</a> History Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turing Award laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="A._M._Turing_Award_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">A. M. Turing Award</a> <a href="/wiki/Laureate" title="Laureate">laureates</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Perlis" title="Alan Perlis">Alan Perlis</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkes" title="Maurice Wilkes">Maurice Vincent Wilkes</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hamming" title="Richard Hamming">Richard Hamming</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Minsky" title="Marvin Minsky">Marvin Minsky</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_H._Wilkinson" title="James H. Wilkinson">James H. Wilkinson</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edsger_W._Dijkstra" title="Edsger W. Dijkstra">Edsger W. Dijkstra</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bachman" title="Charles Bachman">Charles Bachman</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">Donald Knuth</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allen_Newell" title="Allen Newell">Allen Newell</a>; <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_O._Rabin" title="Michael O. Rabin">Michael O. Rabin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dana_Scott" title="Dana Scott">Dana Scott</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Backus" title="John Backus">John Backus</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Floyd" title="Robert W. Floyd">Robert W. Floyd</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._Iverson" title="Kenneth E. Iverson">Kenneth E. Iverson</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Hoare" title="Tony Hoare">Tony Hoare</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_F._Codd" title="Edgar F. Codd">Edgar F. Codd</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cook" title="Stephen Cook">Stephen Cook</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Thompson" title="Ken Thompson">Ken Thompson</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie" title="Dennis Ritchie">Dennis Ritchie</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Niklaus_Wirth" title="Niklaus Wirth">Niklaus Wirth</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Karp" title="Richard M. Karp">Richard Karp</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hopcroft" title="John Hopcroft">John Hopcroft</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Tarjan" title="Robert Tarjan">Robert Tarjan</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Cocke_(computer_scientist)" title="John Cocke (computer scientist)">John Cocke</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Ivan Sutherland</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Kahan" title="William Kahan">William Kahan</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fernando_J._Corbat%C3%B3" title="Fernando J. Corbató">Fernando J. Corbató</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Milner" title="Robin Milner">Robin Milner</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Butler_Lampson" title="Butler Lampson">Butler Lampson</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juris_Hartmanis" title="Juris Hartmanis">Juris Hartmanis</a>; <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Stearns" title="Richard E. Stearns">Richard E. Stearns</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Feigenbaum" title="Edward Feigenbaum">Edward Feigenbaum</a>; <a href="/wiki/Raj_Reddy" title="Raj Reddy">Raj Reddy</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Blum" title="Manuel Blum">Manuel Blum</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amir_Pnueli" title="Amir Pnueli">Amir Pnueli</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart" title="Douglas Engelbart">Douglas Engelbart</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gray_(computer_scientist)" title="Jim Gray (computer scientist)">Jim Gray</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Brooks" title="Fred Brooks">Fred Brooks</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Yao" title="Andrew Yao">Andrew Yao</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ole-Johan_Dahl" title="Ole-Johan Dahl">Ole-Johan Dahl</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Nygaard" title="Kristen Nygaard">Kristen Nygaard</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Rivest" title="Ron Rivest">Ron Rivest</a>; <a href="/wiki/Adi_Shamir" title="Adi Shamir">Adi Shamir</a>; <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Adleman" title="Leonard Adleman">Leonard Adleman</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Kay" title="Alan Kay">Alan Kay</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kahn_(computer_scientist)" title="Robert Kahn (computer scientist)">Bob Kahn</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Naur" title="Peter Naur">Peter Naur</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frances Allen</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_M._Clarke" title="Edmund M. Clarke">Edmund M. Clarke</a>; <a href="/wiki/E._Allen_Emerson" title="E. Allen Emerson">E. Allen Emerson</a>; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sifakis" title="Joseph Sifakis">Joseph Sifakis</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Liskov" title="Barbara Liskov">Barbara Liskov</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_P._Thacker" title="Charles P. Thacker">Charles P. Thacker</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Valiant" title="Leslie Valiant">Leslie G. Valiant</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Judea_Pearl" title="Judea Pearl">Judea Pearl</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shafi_Goldwasser" title="Shafi Goldwasser">Shafi Goldwasser</a>; <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Micali" title="Silvio Micali">Silvio Micali</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Lamport" title="Leslie Lamport">Leslie Lamport</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stonebraker" title="Michael Stonebraker">Michael Stonebraker</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hellman" title="Martin Hellman">Martin Hellman</a>; <a href="/wiki/Whitfield_Diffie" title="Whitfield Diffie">Whitfield Diffie</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_L._Hennessy" title="John L. Hennessy">John L. Hennessy</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_Patterson_(computer_scientist)" title="David Patterson (computer scientist)">David Patterson</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yoshua_Bengio" title="Yoshua Bengio">Yoshua Bengio</a>; <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Geoffrey Hinton</a>; <a href="/wiki/Yann_LeCun" title="Yann LeCun">Yann LeCun</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Catmull" title="Edwin Catmull">Ed Catmull</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pat_Hanrahan" title="Pat Hanrahan">Pat Hanrahan</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Aho" title="Alfred Aho">Alfred Aho</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Ullman" title="Jeffrey Ullman">Jeffrey Ullman</a> (2020) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dongarra" title="Jack Dongarra">Jack Dongarra</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Metcalfe" title="Robert Metcalfe">Robert Metcalfe</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Avi_Wigderson" title="Avi Wigderson">Avi Wigderson</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9602#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36019649">Australia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.acm.org/profile/81100651807">Association for Computing Machinery</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7102515350">Scopus</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:allen.frances-elizabeth">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dblp.org/pid/a/FEAllen">DBLP</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1188621">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frances_Allen&oldid=1245481424">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frances_Allen&oldid=1245481424</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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