CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>瓦斯科·達伽馬 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"ad845031-5c29-4c6f-9e5c-d1344307424f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"瓦斯科·達伽馬","wgTitle":"瓦斯科·達伽馬","wgCurRevisionId":84603553,"wgRevisionId":84603553,"wgArticleId":102345,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["使用ISBN魔术链接的页面","含有签名的传记作品","含有hCards的条目","本地相关图片与维基数据不同","含有葡萄牙語的條目","自2018年1月带有失效链接的条目","条目有永久失效的外部链接","包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目","包含ISNI标识符的维基百科条目","包含VIAF标识符的维基百科条目","包含WorldCat实体标识符的维基百科条目","包含BIBSYS标识符的维基百科条目", "包含BNC标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目","包含GND标识符的维基百科条目","包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目","包含KANTO标识符的维基百科条目","包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目","包含Libris标识符的维基百科条目","包含LNB标识符的维基百科条目","包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目","包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目","包含NLA标识符的维基百科条目","包含NTA标识符的维基百科条目","包含PLWABN标识符的维基百科条目","包含PortugalA标识符的维基百科条目","包含VcBA标识符的维基百科条目","包含CINII标识符的维基百科条目","包含DTBIO标识符的维基百科条目","包含Trove标识符的维基百科条目","包含CONOR标识符的维基百科条目","包含SNAC-ID标识符的维基百科条目","包含SUDOC标识符的维基百科条目", "1469年出生","1524年逝世","葡萄牙贵族","葡萄牙探险家","葡萄牙海員","澳門外交史","果阿邦历史","15世纪葡萄牙人","16世纪葡萄牙人"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"瓦斯科·達伽馬","wgRelevantArticleId":102345,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain": false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7328","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready", "ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface", "ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Lisboa-Museu_Nacional_de_Arte_Antiga-Retrato_dito_de_Vasco_da_Gama-20140917.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1686"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Lisboa-Museu_Nacional_de_Arte_Antiga-Retrato_dito_de_Vasco_da_Gama-20140917.jpg/800px-Lisboa-Museu_Nacional_de_Arte_Antiga-Retrato_dito_de_Vasco_da_Gama-20140917.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1124"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Lisboa-Museu_Nacional_de_Arte_Antiga-Retrato_dito_de_Vasco_da_Gama-20140917.jpg/640px-Lisboa-Museu_Nacional_de_Arte_Antiga-Retrato_dito_de_Vasco_da_Gama-20140917.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="899"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="瓦斯科·達伽馬 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-瓦斯科·達伽馬 rootpage-瓦斯科·達伽馬 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>生平</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第一次航行" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第一次航行"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>第一次航行</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第一次航行-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第二次航行" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第二次航行"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>第二次航行</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第二次航行-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第三次航行" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第三次航行"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>第三次航行</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第三次航行-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-婚姻與後代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#婚姻與後代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>婚姻與後代</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-婚姻與後代-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关婚姻與後代子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-婚姻與後代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-隔代子嗣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#隔代子嗣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>隔代子嗣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-隔代子嗣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-達伽馬與鄭和" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#達伽馬與鄭和"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>達伽馬與鄭和</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-達伽馬與鄭和-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-頭銜和榮譽" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#頭銜和榮譽"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>頭銜和榮譽</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-頭銜和榮譽-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>影響</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-另見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#另見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>另見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-另見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考來源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考來源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>參考來源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考來源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">瓦斯科·達伽馬</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。162种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-162" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">162种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%AB%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AE_%E1%8B%B0%E1%8C%8B%E1%88%9B" title="ቫስኮ ደጋማ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቫስኮ ደጋማ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="वास्को दा गामा – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="वास्को दा गामा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="فاسكو دا غاما – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فاسكو دا غاما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%DD%A3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="ڤاسكو دا ݣاما – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ڤاسكو دا ݣاما" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="فاسكو دا جاما – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فاسكو دا جاما" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE" title="ভাস্কো দা গামা – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভাস্কো দা গামা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_de_Gama" title="Vasco de Gama – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Vasco de Gama" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="भास्को दा गामा – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="भास्को दा गामा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasko_da_Qama" title="Vasko da Qama – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vasko da Qama" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="واسکو دا قاما – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="واسکو دا قاما" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Васко да Гама – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Васко да Гама" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_de_Gama" title="Vasco de Gama – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vasco de Gama" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Васка да Гама – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Васка да Гама" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Вашку да Гама – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вашку да Гама" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Вашку да Гама – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вашку да Гама" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE" title="ভাস্কো দা গামা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভাস্কো দা গামা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Васко да Гама – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Васко да Гама" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="ڤاسکۆ دا گاما – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤاسکۆ دا گاما" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasko_da_Gama" title="Vasko da Gama – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Vasko da Gama" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Васко да Гама – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Васко да Гама" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF_%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Βάσκο ντα Γκάμα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βάσκο ντα Γκάμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%88_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="واسکو دو گاما – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واسکو دو گاما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da_Gama_Vasco" title="Da Gama Vasco – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Da Gama Vasco" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_de_Gama" title="Vasco de Gama – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vasco de Gama" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_di_Gama" title="Vasco di Gama – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Vasco di Gama" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 孔卡尼文" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="孔卡尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B_%E0%AA%A6_%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE" title="વાસ્કો દ ગામા – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વાસ્કો દ ગામા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95_%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%92%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%94" title="ואסקו דה גאמה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ואסקו דה גאמה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="वास्को द गामा – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वास्को द गामा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_de_Gama" title="Vasco de Gama – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Vasco de Gama" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%B8_%D5%A4%D5%A1_%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1" title="Վասկո դա Գամա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վասկո դա Գամա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%80%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%9E" title="ヴァスコ・ダ・ガマ – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァスコ・ダ・ガマ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ვასკო და გამა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვასკო და გამა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Васко да Гама – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Васко да Гама" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6" title="វ៉ាស្កូដាកាម៉ា – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វ៉ាស្កូដាកាម៉ា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B_%E0%B2%A1_%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE" title="ವಾಸ್ಕೋ ಡ ಗಾಮ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಾಸ್ಕೋ ಡ ಗಾಮ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%8A%A4%EC%BF%A0_%EB%8B%A4_%EA%B0%80%EB%A7%88" title="바스쿠 다 가마 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바스쿠 다 가마" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Васко да Гама – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Васко да Гама" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascus_Gama" title="Vascus Gama – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vascus Gama" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasko_da_Gama" title="Vasko da Gama – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Vasko da Gama" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasko_da_Gama" title="Vasko da Gama – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vasko da Gama" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="भास्को दा गामा – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भास्को दा गामा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_de_Gama" title="Vasco de Gama – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vasco de Gama" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Васко де Гама – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Васко де Гама" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%A1_%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE" title="വാസ്കോ ഡ ഗാമ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വാസ്കോ ഡ ഗാമ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Васко да Гама – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Васко да Гама" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="वास्को द गामा – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वास्को द गामा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF_%E1%80%92%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဗတ်စကို ဒဂါးမား – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗတ်စကို ဒဂါးမား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="واسکو دا گاما – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="واسکو دا گاما" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="वास्को दे गामा – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="वास्को दे गामा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9D%DF%AD%DF%8A%DF%9B%DF%91%DF%9E%DF%8F_%DF%98%DF%8B%DF%AC_%DF%9C%DF%AD%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%AB" title="ߝ߭ߊߛߑߞߏ ߘߋ߬ ߜ߭ߡߊ߫ – 西非书面文字" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߝ߭ߊߛߑߞߏ ߘߋ߬ ߜ߭ߡߊ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="西非书面文字" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B_%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE" title="ଭାସ୍କୋ ଡା ଗାମା – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭାସ୍କୋ ଡା ଗାମା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Васко да Гама – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Васко да Гама" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE" title="ਵਾਸਕੋ ਦਾ ਗਾਮਾ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਾਸਕੋ ਦਾ ਗਾਮਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 邦阿西南语" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="邦阿西南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%DA%88%DB%92_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="واسکو ڈے گاما – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="واسکو ڈے گاما" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Васко да Гама – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Васко да Гама" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D2%90%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Васко да Ґама – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Васко да Ґама" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="वास्को ड गामा – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वास्को ड गामा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Васко да Гама – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Васко да Гама" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A_%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱠᱚ ᱰᱟ ᱜᱟᱢᱟ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱠᱚ ᱰᱟ ᱜᱟᱢᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%AA%D9%88_%DA%8A%D9%8A%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="واسڪو ڊيگاما – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="واسڪو ڊيگاما" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9D_%E0%B6%AF_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F" title="වස්කෝ ද ගාමා – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වස්කෝ ද ගාමා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Васко да Гама – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Васко да Гама" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wa-se-ke._Ta-cia-ma" title="Wa-se-ke. Ta-cia-ma – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Wa-se-ke. Ta-cia-ma" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%9F_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE" title="வாஸ்கோ ட காமா – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வாஸ்கோ ட காமா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A1_%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE" title="వాస్కోడ గామా – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వాస్కోడ గామా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Васко да Гама – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Васко да Гама" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9_%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="วัชกู ดา กามา – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วัชกู ดา กามา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Васко да Гама – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Васко да Гама" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Васко да Гама – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Васко да Гама" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Васко да Гама – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Васко да Гама" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%DA%88%DB%92_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="واسکو ڈے گاما – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="واسکو ڈے گاما" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasko_da_Gama" title="Vasko da Gama – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vasko da Gama" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC" title="瓦斯科·达·伽马 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="瓦斯科·达·伽马" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Васко да Гама – 卡尔梅克语" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Васко да Гама" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡尔梅克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ვასკო და გამა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვასკო და გამა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%95_%D7%93%D7%90_%D7%92%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90" title="וואשקו דא גאמא – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וואשקו דא גאמא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Vasco da Gama" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC" title="達伽馬 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="達伽馬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7328#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&oldid=84603553" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&id=84603553&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%2593%25A6%25E6%2596%25AF%25E7%25A7%2591%25C2%25B7%25E9%2581%2594%25E4%25BC%25BD%25E9%25A6%25AC"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%2593%25A6%25E6%2596%25AF%25E7%25A7%2591%25C2%25B7%25E9%2581%2594%25E4%25BC%25BD%25E9%25A6%25AC"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7328" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>此章节介紹的是<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="葡萄牙歷史">葡萄牙歷史</a>人物及<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E5%AE%B6" title="航海家">航海家</a>。关于同名的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a>球會，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E4%BF%B1%E4%B9%90%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="瓦斯科·达伽马足球俱乐部">瓦斯科·达伽马足球俱乐部</a></b>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span class="fn">瓦斯科·達伽馬</span><br /><span class="nickname" style="font-size: smaller; font-weight: normal;" lang="pt">Vasco da Gama</span><br /><span class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="維迪格拉伯爵" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Conde da Vidigueira"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E8%BF%AA%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維迪格拉伯爵（页面不存在）">維迪格拉伯爵一世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conde_da_Vidigueira" class="extiw" title="pt:Conde da Vidigueira"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Conde da Vidigueira</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisboa-Museu_Nacional_de_Arte_Antiga-Retrato_dito_de_Vasco_da_Gama-20140917.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Lisboa-Museu_Nacional_de_Arte_Antiga-Retrato_dito_de_Vasco_da_Gama-20140917.jpg/250px-Lisboa-Museu_Nacional_de_Arte_Antiga-Retrato_dito_de_Vasco_da_Gama-20140917.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Lisboa-Museu_Nacional_de_Arte_Antiga-Retrato_dito_de_Vasco_da_Gama-20140917.jpg/375px-Lisboa-Museu_Nacional_de_Arte_Antiga-Retrato_dito_de_Vasco_da_Gama-20140917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Lisboa-Museu_Nacional_de_Arte_Antiga-Retrato_dito_de_Vasco_da_Gama-20140917.jpg/500px-Lisboa-Museu_Nacional_de_Arte_Antiga-Retrato_dito_de_Vasco_da_Gama-20140917.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1076" data-file-height="1512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">性别</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">男</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1469年<br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="葡萄牙王國">葡萄牙</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%80%A3%E7%89%B9%E8%8C%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="阿連特茹">阿連特茹</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E5%B0%BC%E4%BB%80" title="锡尼什">锡尼什</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1524年12月24日<span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1524歲—12—24</span>)</span>（54—55歲）<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="葡屬印度">葡屬印度</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E6%9E%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="柯枝">柯枝</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">墓地</th><td class="infobox-data label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC" title="里斯本">里斯本</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E7%BE%85%E5%B0%BC%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93%E9%99%A2" title="熱羅尼莫斯修道院">熱羅尼莫斯修道院</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">国籍</th><td class="infobox-data category" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙"><img alt="葡萄牙" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Portugal_%281495%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281495%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Portugal_%281495%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281495%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Portugal_%281495%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281495%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="葡萄牙王國">葡萄牙王國</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">职业</th><td class="infobox-data role" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A2%E9%9A%AA%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="探險家">探險家</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="葡屬印度首長列表" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Lista de governadores da Índia Portuguesa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%A1%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E9%A6%96%E9%95%B7%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葡屬印度首長列表（页面不存在）">葡屬印度總督</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_governadores_da_%C3%8Dndia_Portuguesa" class="extiw" title="pt:Lista de governadores da Índia Portuguesa"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Lista de governadores da Índia Portuguesa</span></a></span>）</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">配偶</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">卡塔蓮娜·迪亞戴德</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">儿女</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法蘭斯高·達伽馬 (維迪格拉伯爵二世)" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Francisco da Gama, 2.º Conde da Vidigueira"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E6%96%AF%E9%AB%98%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC_(%E7%B6%AD%E8%BF%AA%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法蘭斯高·達伽馬 (維迪格拉伯爵二世)（页面不存在）">法蘭斯高·達伽馬（維迪格拉伯爵二世）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_da_Gama,_2.%C2%BA_Conde_da_Vidigueira" class="extiw" title="pt:Francisco da Gama, 2.º Conde da Vidigueira"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Francisco da Gama, 2.º Conde da Vidigueira</span></a></span>）</span></span></li><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="史提芬·達伽馬 (16世紀)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Estêvão da Gama (16th century)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E6%8F%90%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC_(16%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="史提芬·達伽馬 (16世紀)（页面不存在）">史提芬·達伽馬（印度總督）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%AAv%C3%A3o_da_Gama_(16th_century)" class="extiw" title="en:Estêvão da Gama (16th century)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Estêvão da Gama (16th century)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基斯多佛·達伽馬" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Cristóvão da Gama"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E4%BD%9B%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基斯多佛·達伽馬（页面不存在）">基斯多佛·達伽馬（馬六甲總督）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist%C3%B3v%C3%A3o_da_Gama" class="extiw" title="pt:Cristóvão da Gama"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Cristóvão da Gama</span></a></span>）</span></span></li><li>以及<a href="#婚姻與後代">其他子嗣</a>。</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="">签名</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vasco_da_Gama_signature_almirante.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Vasco_da_Gama_signature_almirante.svg/150px-Vasco_da_Gama_signature_almirante.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Vasco_da_Gama_signature_almirante.svg/225px-Vasco_da_Gama_signature_almirante.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Vasco_da_Gama_signature_almirante.svg/300px-Vasco_da_Gama_signature_almirante.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="220" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>瓦斯科·達伽馬</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（葡萄牙語：<span lang="pt">Vasco da Gama</span>，1469年—1524年12月24日），又譯「<b>華士古·達伽馬</b>」<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>或「<b>華士古·達嘉馬</b>」<sup id="cite_ref-min-tour_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-min-tour-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%9A%E6%B8%85" class="mw-redirect" title="晚清">晚清</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E5%AE%B6" title="思想家">思想家</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E5%95%9F%E8%B6%85" class="mw-redirect" title="梁啟超">梁啟超</a>譯作「<b>維哥達嘉馬</b>」<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="現代中文">現代中文</a>一般<a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E7%A8%B1" title="簡稱">簡稱</a>「<b>達嘉馬</b>」、「<b>達伽馬</b>」、「<b>達伽瑪</b>」或「<b>達迦馬</b>」，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="維迪格拉伯爵" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Conde da Vidigueira"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E8%BF%AA%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維迪格拉伯爵（页面不存在）">維迪格拉伯爵一世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conde_da_Vidigueira" class="extiw" title="pt:Conde da Vidigueira"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Conde da Vidigueira</span></a></span>）</span></span>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a>著名<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7" title="航海">航海</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A2%E9%9A%AA%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="探險家">探險家</a>，亦是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="人類歷史">人類歷史</a>上第一位從<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>遠航到<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>之人。他的海上之行始於1498年，其路線繞過<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海</a>沿岸及<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉伯半島">阿拉伯半島</a>，乃當時全程最長的航程（比沿著<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93" title="赤道">赤道</a>繞<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>一圈的距離更長），為日後<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="葡國">葡國</a>對外的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="殖民主義">殖民擴張</a>鋪平道路<sup id="cite_ref-Foundations_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foundations-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:176</sup>。 </p><p>在達伽馬發現印度航线的一百年後，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>等歐洲國家開始挑戰葡萄牙在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B" title="印度洋">印度洋</a>及遠東海權的獨霸局面，也開始另一波歐洲國家的亞洲殖民行動。 </p><p>達伽馬在1498年5月20日抵達印度的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%BE%A4%E7%A7%91%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="科澤科德">科澤科德</a>，在印度进行<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%96%99%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93" class="mw-redirect" title="香料貿易">香料貿易</a>，藉由貿易提昇<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="葡萄牙帝國">葡萄牙帝國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="經濟">經濟</a>實力。<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%96%99" title="香料">香料</a>最初以<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%83%A1%E6%A4%92" class="mw-redirect" title="黑胡椒">黑胡椒</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%82%E7%9A%AE" title="桂皮">桂皮</a>為主，并很快加入了欧洲人没有见过的其它種類，葡萄牙也因此成為經濟<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="強權">強權</a>。 </p><p>達伽馬二次率領艦隊前往印度，分別是第一次和第四次的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="葡萄牙印度艦隊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Portuguese India Armadas"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%89%A6%E9%9A%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葡萄牙印度艦隊（页面不存在）">葡萄牙印度艦隊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_India_Armadas" class="extiw" title="en:Portuguese India Armadas"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Portuguese India Armadas</span></a></span>）</span></span>航行，也是達伽馬的第一次及第二次航行。他因為對葡萄牙的貢獻成為<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="葡屬印度">葡屬印度</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%9D%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="總督">總督</a>之一，在1519年受封為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="維迪格拉伯爵" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Conde da Vidigueira"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E8%BF%AA%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維迪格拉伯爵（页面不存在）">維迪格拉伯爵</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conde_da_Vidigueira" class="extiw" title="pt:Conde da Vidigueira"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Conde da Vidigueira</span></a></span>）</span></span>。今天來看他仍然是一個優秀的探險家。葡萄牙<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A9%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="史詩">史詩</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%BF%9F%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%8C" title="盧濟塔尼亞人之歌">盧濟塔尼亞人之歌</a>》就是為<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%8C%E6%AD%8C" title="頌歌">歌頌</a>達伽馬所作。而他的第一次印度之旅，則被視為第一波全球<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="多元文化主義">多元文化浪潮</a>的開始<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>後世史家認為，達伽馬是在<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B_(%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E5%AE%B6)" class="mw-redirect" title="恩里克 (航海家)">航海家亨利</a>之後唯一成功開拓<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93" class="mw-redirect" title="國際貿易">海上貿易</a>的探險家，不僅首先連起<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="亞洲">亞洲</a>的航線，更因其對政治與戰爭的精明意識而使<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="葡國">葡國</a>取得海上貿易的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%98%E8%A2%96" title="領袖">領袖</a>地位。在「<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E7%9A%84100%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%BA%E6%8E%92%E8%A1%8C%E6%A6%9C" title="影响人类历史进程的100名人排行榜">影响人类历史进程的100名人排行榜</a>」中，達伽馬名列第86名<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3"></span>生平</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：生平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sines06_edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Sines06_edit1.jpg/220px-Sines06_edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Sines06_edit1.jpg/330px-Sines06_edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Sines06_edit1.jpg/440px-Sines06_edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>錫尼什的达伽马像</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:50_Escudos_c%C3%A9l%C3%A9brant_le_500e_anniversaire_de_la_naissance_de_Vasco_Da_Gama,_1969.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/50_Escudos_c%C3%A9l%C3%A9brant_le_500e_anniversaire_de_la_naissance_de_Vasco_Da_Gama%2C_1969.jpg/220px-50_Escudos_c%C3%A9l%C3%A9brant_le_500e_anniversaire_de_la_naissance_de_Vasco_Da_Gama%2C_1969.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/50_Escudos_c%C3%A9l%C3%A9brant_le_500e_anniversaire_de_la_naissance_de_Vasco_Da_Gama%2C_1969.jpg/330px-50_Escudos_c%C3%A9l%C3%A9brant_le_500e_anniversaire_de_la_naissance_de_Vasco_Da_Gama%2C_1969.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/50_Escudos_c%C3%A9l%C3%A9brant_le_500e_anniversaire_de_la_naissance_de_Vasco_Da_Gama%2C_1969.jpg/440px-50_Escudos_c%C3%A9l%C3%A9brant_le_500e_anniversaire_de_la_naissance_de_Vasco_Da_Gama%2C_1969.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>1969年葡萄牙发行的达伽马纪念硬币，纪念达伽马出生500周年</figcaption></figure> <p>15世紀早期，<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="航海家亨利">航海家亨利</a>船舶學校（the nautical school of Henry the navigator）就已經在葡萄牙教授了<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a>沿海的相關地理知識。1460年代，葡萄牙航海家的目標漸漸轉為繞行非洲南端後抵達印度，並獲得印度產品的貿易機會（主要是印度香料，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%83%A1%E6%A4%92" class="mw-redirect" title="黑胡椒">黑胡椒</a>等）。當時陸上的貿易路線花費昂貴而且非常不安全。 </p><p>達伽馬出生在葡萄牙的港口城市<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E5%B0%BC%E4%BB%80" title="锡尼什">錫尼什</a>，他在快要10歲的時候就擬定了長期航海的計劃，當時著名航海家<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E4%BA%9E%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="迪亞士">迪亞士</a>已經從非洲的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%BD%E6%9C%9B%E8%A7%92" title="好望角">好望角</a>海線返回，並探索過附近的<a href="/wiki/%E9%B1%BC%E6%B2%B3_(%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A)" title="鱼河 (纳米比亚)">魚河</a>。而<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E7%BB%B4%E8%89%AF" title="佩罗·达·科维良">佩罗·达·科维良</a>曾由印度往非洲的海線上探險，留下了短程的航海紀錄。 </p><p>達伽馬的父親<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="史提芬·達伽馬 (15世紀)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Estêvão da Gama (15th century)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E6%8F%90%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC_(15%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="史提芬·達伽馬 (15世紀)（页面不存在）">史提芬·達伽馬</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%AAv%C3%A3o_da_Gama_(15th_century)" class="extiw" title="en:Estêvão da Gama (15th century)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Estêvão da Gama (15th century)</span></a></span>）</span></span>曾獲得了這些航海的紀錄，並有心計劃连接這一海路，开辟前往印度的新航线，但卻在出發前逝世。於是達伽馬繼承他的遺志，開始了航海之旅。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="第一次航行"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.80.E6.AC.A1.E8.88.AA.E8.A1.8C"></span>第一次航行</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：第一次航行"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gama_route_1_zh-hans.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Gama_route_1_zh-hans.svg/360px-Gama_route_1_zh-hans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Gama_route_1_zh-hans.svg/540px-Gama_route_1_zh-hans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Gama_route_1_zh-hans.svg/720px-Gama_route_1_zh-hans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption>瓦斯科·达伽马的第一次航行路线图。（1497年－1499年）</figcaption></figure> <p>達伽馬的第一次航行是在1497年7月8日駕駛了4艘船啟程，由葡萄牙<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC" title="里斯本">里斯本</a>往非洲和印度航行<sup id="cite_ref-Foundations_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foundations-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。這四艘船分別是<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="貝里奧 (帆船)" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Bérrio (caravela)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A7_(%E5%B8%86%E8%88%B9)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貝里奧 (帆船)（页面不存在）">貝里奧號</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9rrio_(caravela)" class="extiw" title="pt:Bérrio (caravela)"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Bérrio (caravela)</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span lang="pt">Bérrio</span>）、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聖加百列 (船)" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="São Gabriel (nau)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E5%8A%A0%E7%99%BE%E5%88%97_(%E8%88%B9)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖加百列 (船)（页面不存在）">聖加百列號</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Gabriel_(nau)" class="extiw" title="pt:São Gabriel (nau)"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">São Gabriel (nau)</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span lang="pt">São Gabriel</span>）、由其<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%84%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="兄長">兄長</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="保羅·達伽馬" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Paulo da Gama"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保羅·達伽馬（页面不存在）">保羅·達伽馬</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulo_da_Gama" class="extiw" title="pt:Paulo da Gama"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Paulo da Gama</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span lang="pt">Paulo da Gama</span>）領航的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聖拉斐爾 (船)" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="São Rafael (nau)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E6%8B%89%E6%96%90%E7%88%BE_(%E8%88%B9)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖拉斐爾 (船)（页面不存在）">聖拉斐爾號</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Rafael_(nau)" class="extiw" title="pt:São Rafael (nau)"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">São Rafael (nau)</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span lang="pt">São Rafael</span>）和另一艘名號不詳的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="補給船" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Supply ship"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A5%E7%BB%99%E8%88%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="补给船">補給船</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_ship" class="extiw" title="en:Supply ship"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Supply ship</span></a></span>）</span></span>。 </p><p>1497年12月16日，達伽馬的船隊通過了<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%AD%9A%E6%B2%B3" title="大魚河">大鱼河</a>，進入了在歐洲航海紀錄上仍是空白的水域（東非沿岸），於是達伽馬將接下來探索的區域稱為“纳塔尔”（Natal，當時已近<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%AA%95%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="耶誕節">耶誕節</a>，Natal是葡萄牙語的耶誕節之意，另可譯為「新生」）。1月時，他們抵達了今日<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克">莫桑比克</a>的所在地，在1498年，當地屬於<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" class="mw-disambig" title="阿拉伯">阿拉伯</a>的疆土，也是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B" title="印度洋">印度洋</a>海上貿易網的一部分。 </p><p>達伽馬在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9E%97%E8%BF%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="马林迪">马林迪</a>雇用了當地舵手阿拉伯人<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%93%88%E8%BF%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%90%89%E5%BE%B7" title="艾哈迈德·本·马吉德">艾哈迈德·本·马吉德</a>，1498年5月20日，遠航到了印度西南部的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="卡里卡特">卡里卡特</a>。（卡里卡特也就是今日印度西部港市「科澤科德」的舊稱）。他在當地與地方統治者Samoothri Raja（英語是Zamorin）進行從阿拉伯運來的貿易路線協談時，起了一些劇烈衝突。最後達伽馬讓步，以一封模稜兩可的海路權信件為協談條件，並拒絕留下他船上的物品做為抵押。他留下幾位葡萄牙水手在當地，做為日後貿易的聯絡人。 </p><p>1499年9月，達伽馬回到了葡萄牙，由於他突破了葡萄牙在80年來一直期盼的海線拓展，使他受到獎勵並成為了一位富商，並被賜尊稱為「印度洋上的海軍上將」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="第二次航行"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.BA.8C.E6.AC.A1.E8.88.AA.E8.A1.8C"></span>第二次航行</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：第二次航行"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vasco_da_Gama_-_Padr%C3%A3o_dos_Descobrimentos.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Vasco_da_Gama_-_Padr%C3%A3o_dos_Descobrimentos.png/230px-Vasco_da_Gama_-_Padr%C3%A3o_dos_Descobrimentos.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="402" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Vasco_da_Gama_-_Padr%C3%A3o_dos_Descobrimentos.png/345px-Vasco_da_Gama_-_Padr%C3%A3o_dos_Descobrimentos.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Vasco_da_Gama_-_Padr%C3%A3o_dos_Descobrimentos.png/460px-Vasco_da_Gama_-_Padr%C3%A3o_dos_Descobrimentos.png 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="1010" /></a><figcaption>達伽馬位於<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC" title="里斯本">里斯本</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E8%80%85%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91" title="發現者紀念碑">發現者紀念碑</a>的雕像</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gama_armada_in_India,_1502.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gama_armada_in_India%2C_1502.gif/220px-Gama_armada_in_India%2C_1502.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gama_armada_in_India%2C_1502.gif/330px-Gama_armada_in_India%2C_1502.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Gama_armada_in_India%2C_1502.gif 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>1502年達伽馬在印度<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="馬拉巴爾海岸">馬拉巴爾海岸</a>一帶的航行路線</figcaption></figure> <p>1500年，国王派遣<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94" title="佩德罗·阿尔瓦雷斯·卡布拉尔">佩德罗·阿尔瓦雷斯·卡布拉尔</a>前往印度（途中意外的發現了<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a>），他發現達伽馬留在當地的葡萄牙籍聯絡人都已經被謀殺了，而且隨後他的船隊也遭受攻擊。 </p><p>1502年2月12日，達伽馬率領20艘軍艦再度出發，準備用葡萄牙的軍事力量來鞏固這一條新開的海路，這是第四次葡萄牙印度艦隊。在東非海岸達伽馬摧毀了Kilwa港附近富有的阿拉伯部落並強迫他們獻上貢品和學習葡萄牙語。他也在阿拉伯商船中打劫，最後抵達印度卡里卡特時，他的船隊已擴編到29艘，很快的征服了該地，並掠奪了大量的貴重商品，達伽馬以商品做為和平的條件，在返回葡萄牙時，載滿了貴重的印度貨物，並買下了原先屬於皇室<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E5%B9%B2%E8%96%A9" title="布拉干薩">布拉干薩</a>的許多土地。 </p><p>達伽馬在之後的二十年過著平靜的生活，這段期間不受宮廷的歡迎，也沒有參與印度的事務。達伽馬試要獲得<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%8A%AA%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99)" title="曼努埃尔一世 (葡萄牙)">曼紐一世</a>的歡欣，不過成效有限。這段期間葡萄牙皇室屬意<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%B9%E7%B4%A2%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B8%83%E5%85%8B%E7%88%BE%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="阿方索·德·阿爾布克爾克">阿方索·德·阿爾布克爾克</a>等人參與印度事務。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E5%93%B2%E5%80%AB" title="斐迪南·麥哲倫">斐迪南·麥哲倫</a>在1518年叛逃到<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="卡斯提亚王国">卡斯提亚王国</a>後，達伽馬向國王威脅說他也會作相同的事，希望國王可以讓他留在葡萄牙，避免將印度總督落到西班牙手中<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。國王多年忽視他的請求，後來在1519年12月29日急忙簽署一個皇家法令，封達伽馬為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="维第格拉伯爵" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Count of Vidigueira"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E7%AC%AC%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="维第格拉伯爵（页面不存在）">维第格拉伯爵</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count_of_Vidigueira" class="extiw" title="en:Count of Vidigueira"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Count of Vidigueira</span></a></span>）</span></span>，這法令也授予達伽馬及其子孫很多的特權<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，讓達伽馬成為第一個沒有王室血統的貴族<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="第三次航行"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E6.AC.A1.E8.88.AA.E8.A1.8C"></span>第三次航行</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：第三次航行"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>曼紐一世在1521年過世，他的兒子<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" class="mw-disambig" title="约翰三世">約翰三世</a>開始重整葡萄牙的海上霸權，瓦斯科·達伽馬成為國王重要的谋士，提供新國王意見及策略。在看到西班牙對<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E9%B9%BF%E5%8A%A0%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="摩鹿加群島">摩鹿加群島</a>的威脅及優先性後，達伽馬反對像曼紐一世一樣將重心放在阿拉伯，他主要關注印度的統治者<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="杜阿爾特·德·梅內塞斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Duarte de Menezes"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%9C%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E5%85%A7%E5%A1%9E%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="杜阿爾特·德·梅內塞斯（页面不存在）">杜阿爾特·德·梅內塞斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duarte_de_Menezes" class="extiw" title="en:Duarte de Menezes"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Duarte de Menezes</span></a></span>）</span></span>，後來梅內塞斯既無能又腐化，造成許多的不滿，約翰三世決定用達伽馬代替梅內塞斯，相信他的名聲及以往的成就可以建立他在葡屬印度的權威，可以轉變當地政府，並且有新的策略。 </p><p>約翰三世在1524年任命達伽馬可以享有總督的名稱，是在1505年Francisco de Almeida後第二個有此名號的人<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。達伽馬的第二個兒子Estêvão任命為印度海軍指揮官，取代梅內塞斯的兄弟。最後一個條件是約翰三世答應任命他的幾個兒子可以先後成為葡萄牙<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2" title="马六甲">马六甲</a>艦隊的隊長。 </p><p>1524年，達伽馬在印度已有「武力至上的問題調停者」的可怕稱呼，他派遣了更多軍艦到東非和西印度，企圖替換當地的無能統治者杜阿爾特·德·梅內塞斯，並取得他的葡萄牙領地，但達伽馬抵達印度<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E9%98%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="果阿">果阿</a>感染<a href="/wiki/%E7%98%A7%E7%96%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="瘧疾">瘧疾</a>，不久就過世了。他被火化後埋在印度<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E6%9E%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="柯枝">柯枝</a>的聖法蘭西斯教堂，1539年才被運回葡萄牙，重葬在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E8%BF%AA%E8%93%8B%E6%8B%89" title="維迪蓋拉">維迪蓋拉</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="婚姻與後代"><span id=".E5.A9.9A.E5.A7.BB.E8.88.87.E5.BE.8C.E4.BB.A3"></span>婚姻與後代</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：婚姻與後代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vasco_da_Gama_o_navegador_escudo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Vasco_da_Gama_o_navegador_escudo.png/220px-Vasco_da_Gama_o_navegador_escudo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Vasco_da_Gama_o_navegador_escudo.png/330px-Vasco_da_Gama_o_navegador_escudo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Vasco_da_Gama_o_navegador_escudo.png/440px-Vasco_da_Gama_o_navegador_escudo.png 2x" data-file-width="1642" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>華士古達嘉馬之<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E5%BE%BD" title="家徽">家徽</a>。</figcaption></figure> <p>達伽馬與其<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BB%E5%AE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="妻室">妻室</a>卡塔蓮娜，共育有六個<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E5%AD%90" title="兒子">兒子</a>以及一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E5%85%92" title="女兒">女兒</a>：<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法蘭斯高·達伽馬 (維迪格拉伯爵二世)" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Francisco da Gama, 2.º Conde da Vidigueira"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E6%96%AF%E9%AB%98%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC_(%E7%B6%AD%E8%BF%AA%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法蘭斯高·達伽馬 (維迪格拉伯爵二世)（页面不存在）">法蘭斯高·達伽馬【二世爵】</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_da_Gama,_2.%C2%BA_Conde_da_Vidigueira" class="extiw" title="pt:Francisco da Gama, 2.º Conde da Vidigueira"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Francisco da Gama, 2.º Conde da Vidigueira</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span lang="pt">Francisco da Gama</span>）：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="維迪格拉伯爵" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Conde da Vidigueira"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E8%BF%AA%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維迪格拉伯爵（页面不存在）">維迪格拉伯爵二世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conde_da_Vidigueira" class="extiw" title="pt:Conde da Vidigueira"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Conde da Vidigueira</span></a></span>）</span></span>，第二任「<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B" title="印度洋">印度洋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%B5%B7" title="阿拉伯海">阿拉伯海</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="波斯灣">波斯灣</a>之<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E4%B8%8A%E5%B0%87" title="海軍上將">海軍上將</a>」。</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="史提芬·達伽馬 (16世紀)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Estêvão da Gama (16th century)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E6%8F%90%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC_(16%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="史提芬·達伽馬 (16世紀)（页面不存在）">史提芬·達伽馬</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%AAv%C3%A3o_da_Gama_(16th_century)" class="extiw" title="en:Estêvão da Gama (16th century)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Estêvão da Gama (16th century)</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span lang="pt">Estêvão da Gama</span>）：印度巡邏隊長（1524【以失敗狀態完結此役】），<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E5%B1%9E%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2#葡萄牙马六甲总督" title="葡属马六甲">馬六甲總督</a>（1534-1539【固有三年外加<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%9F%E5%BC%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="弟弟">弟弟</a>保羅死後餘下的兩年任期】），第11任<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="葡屬印度">葡屬印度</a>總督（1540-1542【<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%81%E9%95%B7" class="mw-disambig" title="省長">省督</a>】）。</li> <li>保羅·達伽馬（<span lang="pt">Paulo da Gama</span>）：<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E5%B1%9E%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2" title="葡属马六甲">葡屬馬六甲</a>總督【<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E7%9D%A3" title="都督">都督</a>】（1533-1534），死於<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="馬六甲">馬六甲</a>邊陲的一次<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="海軍">海軍</a>行動。與其<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B6" title="伯父">伯父</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="保羅·達伽馬" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Paulo da Gama"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保羅·達伽馬（页面不存在）">保羅</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulo_da_Gama" class="extiw" title="pt:Paulo da Gama"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Paulo da Gama</span></a></span>）</span></span>同名。</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基斯多佛·達伽馬" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Cristóvão da Gama"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E4%BD%9B%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基斯多佛·達伽馬（页面不存在）">基斯多佛·達伽馬</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist%C3%B3v%C3%A3o_da_Gama" class="extiw" title="pt:Cristóvão da Gama"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Cristóvão da Gama</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span lang="pt">Cristóvão da Gama</span>）：葡屬馬六甲總督（1538-1540【接手自<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%93%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="哥哥">二哥</a>史提芬】）；本應在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="馬六甲">馬六甲</a>論功行賞，但在1542年的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿比西尼亞-阿達爾之戰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Abyssinian–Adal war"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%94%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E-%E9%98%BF%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿比西尼亞-阿達爾之戰（页面不存在）">衣索比亞-阿達爾之戰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssinian%E2%80%93Adal_war" class="extiw" title="en:Abyssinian–Adal war"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Abyssinian–Adal war</span></a></span>）</span></span>中被<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿瑪·依布拉欣·加齊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%91%AA%C2%B7%E4%BE%9D%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%AC%A3%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E9%BD%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿瑪·依布拉欣·加齊（页面不存在）">阿瑪·依布拉欣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Ibrahim_al-Ghazi" class="extiw" title="en:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi</span></a></span>）</span></span>處決致死。</li> <li>伯多祿·達施華·達伽馬（<span lang="pt">Pedro da Silva da Gama</span>）：葡屬馬六甲總督（1548-1552）。</li> <li>艾華路·迪亞戴德·達伽馬（<span lang="pt">Álvaro d'Ataide da Gama</span>）：馬六甲<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%A6%E9%9A%8A" class="mw-disambig" title="艦隊">艦隊</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B0%89" title="上尉">上尉</a>（1540年代），葡屬馬六甲總督（1552-1554）。</li> <li>伊莎貝·迪亞戴德·達伽馬（<span lang="pt">Isabel d'Ataide da Gama</span>）：獨女，與<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="林雅里斯伯爵" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Conde de Linhares"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E9%9B%85%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="林雅里斯伯爵（页面不存在）">林雅里斯伯爵一世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conde_de_Linhares" class="extiw" title="pt:Conde de Linhares"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Conde de Linhares</span></a></span>）</span></span>之子、依納爵·迪羅郎也（<span lang="pt">Ignacio de Noronha</span>）結為夫婦。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="隔代子嗣"><span id=".E9.9A.94.E4.BB.A3.E5.AD.90.E5.97.A3"></span>隔代子嗣</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：隔代子嗣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="華士古·達伽馬 (維迪格拉伯爵三世)" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Vasco da Gama, 3.º Conde da Vidigueira"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%AF%E5%A3%AB%E5%8F%A4%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC_(%E7%B6%AD%E8%BF%AA%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="華士古·達伽馬 (維迪格拉伯爵三世)（页面不存在）">華士古·達伽馬【三世爵】</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama,_3.%C2%BA_Conde_da_Vidigueira" class="extiw" title="pt:Vasco da Gama, 3.º Conde da Vidigueira"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Vasco da Gama, 3.º Conde da Vidigueira</span></a></span>）</span></span>：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="維迪格拉伯爵" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Conde da Vidigueira"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E8%BF%AA%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維迪格拉伯爵（页面不存在）">維迪格拉伯爵三世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conde_da_Vidigueira" class="extiw" title="pt:Conde da Vidigueira"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Conde da Vidigueira</span></a></span>）</span></span>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F" title="貴族">貴族</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="軍人">軍人</a>，乃法蘭斯高【二世爵】之子、達伽馬之<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="孫子">孫</a>。</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法蘭斯高·達伽馬 (維迪格拉伯爵四世)" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Francisco da Gama, 4.º Conde da Vidigueira"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E6%96%AF%E9%AB%98%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC_(%E7%B6%AD%E8%BF%AA%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法蘭斯高·達伽馬 (維迪格拉伯爵四世)（页面不存在）">法蘭斯高·達伽馬【四世爵】</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_da_Gama,_4.%C2%BA_Conde_da_Vidigueira" class="extiw" title="pt:Francisco da Gama, 4.º Conde da Vidigueira"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Francisco da Gama, 4.º Conde da Vidigueira</span></a></span>）</span></span>：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="維迪格拉伯爵" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Conde da Vidigueira"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E8%BF%AA%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維迪格拉伯爵（页面不存在）">維迪格拉伯爵四世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conde_da_Vidigueira" class="extiw" title="pt:Conde da Vidigueira"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Conde da Vidigueira</span></a></span>）</span></span>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="葡屬印度">葡屬印度</a>第35任總督（1597-1600【<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-disambig" title="副王">副王</a>】）與第46任總督（1622-1628【<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%81%E9%95%B7" class="mw-disambig" title="省長">省督</a>】），乃華士古【三世爵】之子、達伽馬之<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E5%AD%99" class="mw-redirect" title="曾孙">曾孫</a>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="達伽馬與鄭和"><span id=".E9.81.94.E4.BC.BD.E9.A6.AC.E8.88.87.E9.84.AD.E5.92.8C"></span>達伽馬與鄭和</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：達伽馬與鄭和"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="明代">明代</a>官員<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E5%92%8C" title="鄭和">鄭和</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%8B%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="鄭和下西洋">下西洋</a>時記載了<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E9%9D%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東非">非洲東岸</a>的風土人情，其時間早於達伽馬70多年，而且其艦隊規模都遠比其他<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>航行家（如<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E5%B8%83" class="mw-redirect" title="哥倫布">哥倫布</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%93%B2%E5%80%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="麥哲倫">麥哲倫</a>和達伽馬）的旗艦大上數倍。根據<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE" title="文献">文獻</a>記載，鄭和出行主要目的為宣揚<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="大明">大明</a>威德<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>及尋找<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E5%B8%9D" title="建文帝">建文帝</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%85%81%E7%82%86" class="mw-redirect" title="朱允炆">朱允炆</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；然而在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>方面，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="卡利卡特">卡利卡特</a>（古里）的達伽馬<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BB%E9%99%B8" class="mw-disambig" title="登陸">登陸</a>紀念碑、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C" title="新德里">新德里</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="博物館">博物館</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%92%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="科钦">科欽</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%8B%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" title="海事博物館">海事博物館</a>，均可看到達伽馬的照片和資料，唯獨不見鄭和下西洋的相關資訊。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="頭銜和榮譽"><span id=".E9.A0.AD.E9.8A.9C.E5.92.8C.E6.A6.AE.E8.AD.BD"></span>頭銜和榮譽</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：頭銜和榮譽"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vascodagama.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vascodagama.JPG/220px-Vascodagama.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="428" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vascodagama.JPG/330px-Vascodagama.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vascodagama.JPG/440px-Vascodagama.JPG 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="1302" /></a><figcaption>在船上指揮的達伽馬<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%AB%E5%83%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="畫像">畫像</a>，身旁立有代表<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="葡萄牙王國">葡萄牙王國</a>的旗幟。</figcaption></figure> <p>由於達伽馬多年為<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="葡萄牙君主列表">葡萄牙王室</a>服務，因而得到許多的頭銜和榮譽： </p> <ul><li>1647年：首任「<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B" title="印度洋">印度洋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%B5%B7" title="阿拉伯海">阿拉伯海</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="波斯灣">波斯灣</a>之<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E4%B8%8A%E5%B0%87" title="海軍上將">海軍上將</a>」（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="葡萄牙印度艦隊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Portuguese India Armadas"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%89%A6%E9%9A%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葡萄牙印度艦隊（页面不存在）">葡萄牙印度艦隊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_India_Armadas" class="extiw" title="en:Portuguese India Armadas"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Portuguese India Armadas</span></a></span>）</span></span><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E5%B8%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="統帥">統帥</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="司令">司令</a>）。</li> <li>1519年：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="維迪格拉伯爵" data-lang-code="pt" data-lang-name="葡萄牙語" data-foreign-title="Conde da Vidigueira"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%AD%E8%BF%AA%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="維迪格拉伯爵（页面不存在）">維迪格拉伯爵一世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">葡萄牙語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conde_da_Vidigueira" class="extiw" title="pt:Conde da Vidigueira"><span lang="pt" dir="auto">Conde da Vidigueira</span></a></span>）</span></span>（葡萄牙<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F" title="貴族">貴族</a>）。</li> <li>1524年：第六任<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="葡屬印度首長列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of governors of Portuguese India"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%A1%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E9%A6%96%E9%95%B7%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葡屬印度首長列表（页面不存在）">葡屬印度總督</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Portuguese_India" class="extiw" title="en:List of governors of Portuguese India"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of governors of Portuguese India</span></a></span>）</span></span>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="影響"><span id=".E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF"></span>影響</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：影響"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>達伽馬是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="地理大發現">地理大發現</a>時代著名的探險家之一，使葡萄牙成功的成為殖民帝國。他發現了到印度的航道，再加上政治和戰爭上的天份，讓葡萄牙在印度洋貿易有顯著的地位。在達伽馬第一次航行之後，葡萄牙發現若要維持對遠東的航路，需在非洲東岸建立固定據點。 </p><p>葡萄牙的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="民族史詩" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="national epic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%8F%B2%E8%A9%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="民族史詩（页面不存在）">民族史詩</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/national_epic" class="extiw" title="en:national epic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">national epic</span></a></span>）</span></span>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E8%B3%88%E6%A2%85%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="路易·德賈梅士">路易·德賈梅士</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%BF%9F%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%8C" title="盧濟塔尼亞人之歌">盧濟塔尼亞人之歌</a>，其中許多以達伽馬的航海為主題<sup id="cite_ref-WDL_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WDL-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1865年<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E7%A7%91%E8%8E%AB%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E8%80%B6%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="賈科莫·梅耶貝爾">賈科莫·梅耶貝爾</a>製作的歌劇《非洲女》（L'Africaine）中，就包括達伽馬此一角色，不過內容中有很多是虛構的<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在2007年「<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="最偉大的葡萄牙人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Os Grandes Portugueses"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%80%E5%81%89%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="最偉大的葡萄牙人（页面不存在）">最偉大的葡萄牙人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os_Grandes_Portugueses" class="extiw" title="en:Os Grandes Portugueses"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Os Grandes Portugueses</span></a></span>）</span></span>」票選中，達伽馬排名第十。 </p><p>其它以其命名的紀念事物或地方有： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E5%A3%AB%E5%8F%A4%E9%81%94%E5%98%89%E9%A6%AC%E8%8A%B1%E5%9C%92" title="華士古達嘉馬花園">華士古達嘉馬花園</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E9%98%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="果阿">果阿</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%9F%8E" title="达·伽马城">達伽馬城</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83" title="月球">月球</a>上的<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E7%8E%AF%E5%BD%A2%E5%B1%B1" title="瓦斯科·达伽马环形山">華士古·達伽馬環形山</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E4%BC%BD%E7%8E%9B%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="达·伽玛大桥">達伽馬大橋</a>，該國<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%A7%E6%A9%8B" title="跨海大橋">跨海大橋</a>之一，亦是<a href="/wiki/20%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="20世紀">20世紀</a>末期<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>最長的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%A9%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大橋">大橋</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E6%96%AF%E9%AB%98%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%92%E8%89%87%E6%9C%83" title="華斯高達伽馬划艇會">華斯高達伽馬划艇會</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%94%B2%E7%B5%84%E8%81%AF%E8%B3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="巴西甲組聯賽">巴西甲組聯賽</a>足球俱樂部，位於<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E7%B4%84%E7%86%B1%E5%85%A7%E7%9B%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="里約熱內盧">里約熱内盧</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="另見"><span id=".E5.8F.A6.E8.A6.8B"></span>另見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：另見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%96%99%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93" class="mw-redirect" title="香料貿易">香料貿易</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%9F%8E" title="达·伽马城">達伽馬城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="葡屬印度">葡屬印度</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="葡萄牙印度艦隊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Portuguese India Armadas"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%89%A6%E9%9A%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葡萄牙印度艦隊（页面不存在）">葡萄牙印度艦隊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_India_Armadas" class="extiw" title="en:Portuguese India Armadas"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Portuguese India Armadas</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="葡屬印度首長列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of governors of Portuguese India"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%A1%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E9%A6%96%E9%95%B7%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葡屬印度首長列表（页面不存在）">葡屬印度首長列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Portuguese_India" class="extiw" title="en:List of governors of Portuguese India"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of governors of Portuguese India</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="歐洲國家在印度的殖民地">歐洲國家在印度的殖民地</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考來源"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E4.BE.86.E6.BA.90"></span>參考來源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：參考來源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/98/19/port96_cn.asp">第96/98/M號訓令</a>. 澳門特別行政區政府<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%8B%99%E5%B1%80" title="印務局">印務局</a>. 1998年5月11日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2020年5月30日]</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（澳門）网页">（中文（澳門））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC96%2F98%2FM%E8%99%9F%E8%A8%93%E4%BB%A4&rft.date=1998-05-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%8D%B0%E5%8B%99%E5%B1%80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbo.io.gov.mo%2Fbo%2Fi%2F98%2F19%2Fport96_cn.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.mo/zh-hant/news/294101/">“Macau：100 Anos de Fotografia”《澳門：百年攝影》圖片展將揭幕</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="澳門特別行政區政府">澳門特別行政區政府</a>. 2019年7月22日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2020年5月22日]</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（澳門）网页">（中文（澳門））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&rft.btitle=%E2%80%9CMacau%EF%BC%9A100+Anos+de+Fotografia%E2%80%9D%E3%80%8A%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%EF%BC%9A%E7%99%BE%E5%B9%B4%E6%94%9D%E5%BD%B1%E3%80%8B%E5%9C%96%E7%89%87%E5%B1%95%E5%B0%87%E6%8F%AD%E5%B9%95&rft.date=2019-07-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.mo%2Fzh-hant%2Fnews%2F294101%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-min-tour-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-min-tour_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.incredibleindia.org/content/incredible-india-v2/zh/destinations/kochi/snc-maritime-museum.html">SNC海事博物馆</a>. <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="不可思议的印度" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Incredible India"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E6%80%9D%E8%AE%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不可思议的印度（页面不存在）">不可思议的印度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incredible_India" class="extiw" title="en:Incredible India"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Incredible India</span></a></span>）</span></span>. <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度國家旅遊部" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ministry of Tourism (India)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%85%E9%81%8A%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度國家旅遊部（页面不存在）">印度國家旅遊部</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Tourism_(India)" class="extiw" title="en:Ministry of Tourism (India)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ministry of Tourism (India)</span></a></span>）</span></span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2020年5月22日]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210206065825/https://www.incredibleindia.org/content/incredible-india-v2/zh/destinations/kochi/snc-maritime-museum.html">存档</a>于2021年2月6日） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&rft.atitle=SNC%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%8B%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-all+%22+data-orig-title%3D%22%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E6%80%9D%E8%AE%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%22+data-lang-code%3D%22en%22+data-lang-name%3D%22%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%22+data-foreign-title%3D%22Incredible+India%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-page%22%3E%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E6%80%9D%E8%AE%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint+ilh-comment%22%3E%EF%BC%88%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-lang%22%3E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-colon%22%3E%EF%BC%9A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-link%22%3E-%7B%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22+dir%3D%22auto%22%3EIncredible+India%3C%2Fspan%3E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3E%EF%BC%89%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.incredibleindia.org%2Fcontent%2Fincredible-india-v2%2Fzh%2Fdestinations%2Fkochi%2Fsnc-maritime-museum.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E5%95%9F%E8%B6%85" class="mw-redirect" title="梁啟超">梁啟超</a>. 祖國大航海家鄭和傳. <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%9B%E6%8A%A5" title="新民丛报">新民叢報</a>. 1905年5月18日, <b>第三卷</b> (第二十一號) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（繁體）网页">（中文（繁體））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&rft.atitle=%E7%A5%96%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E5%AE%B6%E9%84%AD%E5%92%8C%E5%82%B3&rft.au=%E6%A2%81%E5%95%9F%E8%B6%85&rft.date=1905-05-18&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E8%99%9F&rft.jtitle=%E6%96%B0%E6%B0%91%E5%8F%A2%E5%A0%B1&rft.volume=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%B7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《梁啟超文集》卷二十六：《<span class="url"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/中國前途之希望與國民責任">中國前途之希望與國民責任</a></span>》（1911年）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Foundations-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Foundations_6-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Foundations_6-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Diffie, Bailey W.; Winius, George D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vtZtMBLJ7GgC&pg=PA184">Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1850</a>. Europe and the World in the Age of Expansion <b>1</b>. 1977: 177 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-05-20</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8166-0850-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8166-0850-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-8166-0850-8</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126071852/https://books.google.com/books?id=vtZtMBLJ7GgC&pg=PA184">存档</a>于2021-01-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&rft.au=Winius%2C+George+D.&rft.aufirst=Bailey+W.&rft.aulast=Diffie&rft.btitle=Foundations+of+the+Portuguese+Empire%2C+1415%E2%80%931850&rft.date=1977&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-0850-8&rft.pages=177&rft.series=Europe+and+the+World+in+the+Age+of+Expansion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvtZtMBLJ7GgC%26pg%3DPA184&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Nigel, Cliff. Holy War: How Vasco da Gama's Epic Voyages Turned the Tide in a Centuries-Old Clash of Civilizations. Harper. September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&rft.aufirst=Cliff&rft.aulast=Nigel&rft.btitle=Holy+War%3A+How+Vasco+da+Gama%27s+Epic+Voyages+Turned+the+Tide+in+a+Centuries-Old+Clash+of+Civilizations&rft.date=2011-09&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Harper&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150301103836/http://physics.hallym.ac.kr/~physics/course/a2u/evolution/img/toptenlistweb.pdf">The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-08-23</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.hallym.ac.kr/~physics/course/a2u/evolution/img/toptenlistweb.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2015-03-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&rft.btitle=The+100%3A+A+Ranking+of+the+Most+Influential+Persons+in+History&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysics.hallym.ac.kr%2F~physics%2Fcourse%2Fa2u%2Fevolution%2Fimg%2Ftoptenlistweb.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Subrahmanyam, 1997, p. 278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vasco Da Gama, Ernest George Ravenstein, "A journal of the first voyage of Vasco da Gama, 1497–1499", p. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakluyt_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hakluyt Society（页面不存在）">Hakluyt Society</a>, Issue 99 of Works issued by the Hakluyt Society, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9788120611368" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-81-206-1136-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">At this time in Portugal, there were only twelve counts, one count-bishop, two marquises and two dukes (Subrahmaynam, 1997, p. 281).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Subrahmanyam, 1997, p. 304.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also Diogo do Couto (<i>Decadas de Asia</i>, Dec. IV, Lib. 8, c. 2); Teixeira de Aragão <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cBAoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA15">pp. 15–16</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200216131800/https://books.google.com/books?id=cBAoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA15">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, and Castanhoso (1898: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MiFXAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR7">p. viiff</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200226085357/https://books.google.com/books?id=MiFXAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR7">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）.).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《明史·鄭和傳》：「且欲耀兵異域，示中國富強」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《明史·鄭和傳》：「成祖疑惠帝亡海外，欲覓蹤跡。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《西山雜誌·三保太監下西洋》：「永樂三年成祖疑惠帝南逃，命中官鄭和、王景弘、張文等造大船百艘，率軍二萬七千餘。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%A7%E8%B5%B7%E5%85%83" class="mw-redirect" title="顧起元">顧起元</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%BA%A7%E8%B5%98%E8%AF%AD" title="客座赘语">客座贅語</a>‧寶船廠》：「寶船之役，時有謂建文帝入海上諸國，假此蹤跡之。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WDL-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WDL_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11198/">The Lusiads</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Digital_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="World Digital Library">World Digital Library</a>. 1800–1882 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2013]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014103951/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/11198/">存档</a>于2017-10-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&rft.atitle=The+Lusiads&rft.date=1800%2F1882&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Digital+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F11198%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Subrahmanyam 1997, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/71214.stm">Europe's longest bridge opened in Portugal</a>. BBC News. 1998-03-29 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-05-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171214184213/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/71214.stm">存档</a>于2017-12-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&rft.btitle=Europe%27s+longest+bridge+opened+in+Portugal&rft.date=1998-03-29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F71214.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augusto_Carlos_Teixeira_de_Arag%C3%A3o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augusto Carlos Teixeira de Aragão（页面不存在）">Aragão, Augusto Carlos Teixeira de</a>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.pt/books?id=L_ENAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA5&dq=D.+Vasco+da+Gama+e+a+Vila+da+Vidigueira&hl=pt-PT&sa=X&ei=9uF4T-uGOYS-8APdhuyRDQ&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=D.%20Vasco%20da%20Gama%20e%20a%20Vila%20da%20Vidigueira&f=false">D. Vasco da Gama e a Villa da Vidigueira</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140202155401/http://books.google.pt/books?id=L_ENAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA5&dq=D.+Vasco+da+Gama+e+a+Vila+da+Vidigueira&hl=pt-PT&sa=X&ei=9uF4T-uGOYS-8APdhuyRDQ&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=D.%20Vasco%20da%20Gama%20e%20a%20Vila%20da%20Vidigueira&f=false">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</i>. Lisboa: Typographia Universal, 1871.</li> <li>Aragão, Augusto Carlos Teixeira de. <i>Vasco da Gama e a Vidigueira: Estudo historico</i>. Lisboa: Imprensa Nacional, 1887. 303p.</li> <li>Kelly, Jack (2004). <i>Gunpowder: Alchemy, Bombards, & Pyrotechnics</i>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780465037186" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-465-03718-6</a> - The history of the explosive that changed the world from Vasco da Gama to E.I. DuPont.</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/careerlegendofva0000subr">The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama</a>. Cambridge University Press. 1997. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-47072-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-47072-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-521-47072-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&rft.aufirst=Sanjay&rft.aulast=Subrahmanyam&rft.btitle=The+Career+and+Legend+of+Vasco+da+Gama&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-47072-8&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcareerlegendofva0000subr&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>中相關的多媒體資源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" class="extiw" title="commons:Vasco da Gama"><span style="font-weight:bold;">瓦斯科·達伽馬</span></a>（<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vasco_da_Gama" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vasco da Gama">分類</a>）</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071104051501/http://www.prominentpeople.co.za/people/35.php">Vasco da Gama</a>, prominentpeople.co.za</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1497degama.html">Vasco da Gama's <i>Round Africa to India</i></a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110828160915/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1497degama.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, fordham.edu</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050829223521/http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/vasco.html">Vasco da Gama web tutorial with animated maps</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Calgary" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Calgary">ucalgary.ca</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070216232235/http://sify.com/itihaas/fullstory.php?id=13233617">Brief description of Vasco da Gama's journeys</a>, sify.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://expressbuzz.com/entertainment/news/urumi-santosh-sivans-new-film/188476.html">Urumi Malayalam Movie</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年1月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup>, expressbuzz.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1497degama.html">Modern History Sourcebook</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110828160915/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1497degama.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7328#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7328#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7328#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/50423/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000083462817">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/106966471">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdcykQ6jfwG3HjMvCm68C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90534734">挪威</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000244904">智利</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX937254">西班牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13499179v">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13499179v">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118537431">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007312752905171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000104492">芬兰</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80019653">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/20dggjcl5bjkxhw">瑞典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000177865&P_CON_LNG=ENG">拉脱维亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620706">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000700584&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49682275">澳大利亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070485763">荷兰</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810569523305606">波兰</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/11358">葡萄牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/83898">梵蒂冈</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0524327X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118537431.html?language=en">德意志传记</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1525089">Trove</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gama, Vasco da, 1469-1524"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/en/conor/84950115">CONOR</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6xk8mqz">SNAC</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027492575">IdRef</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=瓦斯科·達伽馬&oldid=84603553">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=瓦斯科·達伽馬&oldid=84603553</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1469%E5%B9%B4%E5%87%BA%E7%94%9F" title="Category:1469年出生">1469年出生</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1524%E5%B9%B4%E9%80%9D%E4%B8%96" title="Category:1524年逝世">1524年逝世</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%B4%B5%E6%97%8F" title="Category:葡萄牙贵族">葡萄牙贵族</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E6%8E%A2%E9%99%A9%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:葡萄牙探险家">葡萄牙探险家</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E6%B5%B7%E5%93%A1" title="Category:葡萄牙海員">葡萄牙海員</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E5%8F%B2" title="Category:澳門外交史">澳門外交史</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9E%9C%E9%98%BF%E9%82%A6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Category:果阿邦历史">果阿邦历史</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:15%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E4%BA%BA" title="Category:15世纪葡萄牙人">15世纪葡萄牙人</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:16%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E4%BA%BA" title="Category:16世纪葡萄牙人">16世纪葡萄牙人</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8ISBN%E9%AD%94%E6%9C%AF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:使用ISBN魔术链接的页面">使用ISBN魔术链接的页面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E7%AD%BE%E5%90%8D%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%A0%E8%AE%B0%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81" title="Category:含有签名的传记作品">含有签名的传记作品</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89hCards%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有hCards的条目">含有hCards的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C" title="Category:本地相关图片与维基数据不同">本地相关图片与维基数据不同</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有葡萄牙語的條目">含有葡萄牙語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2018%E5%B9%B41%E6%9C%88%E5%B8%A6%E6%9C%89%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:自2018年1月带有失效链接的条目">自2018年1月带有失效链接的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%B8%E4%B9%85%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Category:条目有永久失效的外部链接">条目有永久失效的外部链接</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABFAST%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目">包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABISNI%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含ISNI标识符的维基百科条目">包含ISNI标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABVIAF%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含VIAF标识符的维基百科条目">包含VIAF标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABWorldCat%E5%AE%9E%E4%BD%93%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含WorldCat实体标识符的维基百科条目">包含WorldCat实体标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBIBSYS%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BIBSYS标识符的维基百科条目">包含BIBSYS标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNC标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNE%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNF%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNFdata%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABGND%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含GND标识符的维基百科条目">包含GND标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABJ9U%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目">包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABKANTO%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含KANTO标识符的维基百科条目">包含KANTO标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLCCN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目">包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLibris%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含Libris标识符的维基百科条目">包含Libris标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLNB%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LNB标识符的维基百科条目">包含LNB标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNDL%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目">包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNKC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目">包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNLA%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NLA标识符的维基百科条目">包含NLA标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNTA%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NTA标识符的维基百科条目">包含NTA标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABPLWABN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含PLWABN标识符的维基百科条目">包含PLWABN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABPortugalA%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含PortugalA标识符的维基百科条目">包含PortugalA标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABVcBA%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含VcBA标识符的维基百科条目">包含VcBA标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABCINII%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含CINII标识符的维基百科条目">包含CINII标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABDTBIO%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含DTBIO标识符的维基百科条目">包含DTBIO标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABTrove%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含Trove标识符的维基百科条目">包含Trove标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABCONOR%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含CONOR标识符的维基百科条目">包含CONOR标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABSNAC-ID%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含SNAC-ID标识符的维基百科条目">包含SNAC-ID标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABSUDOC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含SUDOC标识符的维基百科条目">包含SUDOC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年10月16日 (星期三) 03:48。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-m4d5j","wgBackendResponseTime":220,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.163","walltime":"1.450","ppvisitednodes":{"value":9524,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":122431,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":16994,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":28,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":52,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":28372,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1185.925 1 -total"," 24.60% 291.761 1 Template:Infobox_Person"," 16.53% 196.014 1 Template:Infobox_person/core"," 14.93% 177.033 1 Template:Infobox"," 14.81% 175.581 1 Template:Lang-pt"," 12.51% 148.399 14 Template:Category_handler"," 11.70% 138.751 1 Template:Authority_control"," 11.65% 138.138 12 Template:Lang"," 11.36% 134.732 1 Template:Reflist"," 7.61% 90.279 14 Template:Category_handler/numbered"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.597","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":19645701,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-6dk46","timestamp":"20241124084300","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u74e6\u65af\u79d1\u00b7\u9054\u4f3d\u99ac","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7328","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7328","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-05-04T05:21:46Z","dateModified":"2024-10-16T03:48:42Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e0\/Lisboa-Museu_Nacional_de_Arte_Antiga-Retrato_dito_de_Vasco_da_Gama-20140917.jpg","headline":"\u8461\u8404\u7259\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6"}</script> </body> </html>