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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Recent history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Local government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Westminster_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Westminster_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Westminster representation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Westminster_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population_growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population_growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Population growth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population_growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Ethnicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Community facilities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Community_facilities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Community facilities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Community_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Business</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Science and industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.4</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.5</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.6</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creative_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creative_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.7</span> <span>Creative arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creative_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Further bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%B2" title="ویدنز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویدنز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widnes" title="Widnes – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Widnes" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widnes" title="Widnes – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Widnes" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widnes" title="Widnes – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Widnes" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widnes" title="Widnes – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Widnes" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widnes" title="Widnes – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Widnes" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%B2" title="ویدنز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویدنز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widnes" title="Widnes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Widnes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widnes" title="Widnes – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Widnes" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EB%93%9C%EB%84%88%EC%8A%A4" title="위드너스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위드너스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widnes" title="Widnes – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Widnes" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widnes" title="Widnes – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Widnes" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidnesa" title="Vidnesa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vidnesa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidnesas" title="Vidnesas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vidnesas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%B3" title="ويدنس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويدنس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widnes" title="Widnes – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Widnes" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widnes" title="Widnes – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Widnes" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widnes" title="Widnes – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Widnes" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widnes" title="Widnes – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Widnes" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widnes" title="Widnes – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Widnes" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Уиднес – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уиднес" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widnes" title="Widnes – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Widnes" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widnes" title="Widnes – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Widnes" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Виднес – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Виднес" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widnes" title="Widnes – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Widnes" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widnes" title="Widnes – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Widnes" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Виднес – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Виднес" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="威德尼斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="威德尼斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1022741#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Widnes&params=53.362_N_2.734_W_type:city_region:GB-HAL"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°21′43″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°44′02″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.362°N 2.734°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.362; -2.734</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in Cheshire, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Widnes_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Widnes (disambiguation)">Widnes (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Widnes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="category">Town</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Widnes_town_centre_(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Widnes_town_centre_%281%29.JPG/250px-Widnes_town_centre_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Widnes_town_centre_%281%29.JPG/500px-Widnes_town_centre_%281%29.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span><div>Widnes Town Centre</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheshire_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Widnes is located in Cheshire"><img alt="Widnes is located in Cheshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Cheshire_UK_location_map.svg/250px-Cheshire_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Cheshire_UK_location_map.svg/500px-Cheshire_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1098" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.643%;left:34.667%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Widnes"><img alt="Widnes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Widnes</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">62,400 (<a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2021_Census_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Widnesian</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=53.362042~-2.734155&lvl=16&sp=Point.53.362042_-2.734155_Widnes&sty=s&style=s">SJ 5124 8527</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">• <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></th><td class="infobox-data">169 mi (272 km)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Points_of_the_compass" title="Points of the compass">SE</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Unitary authority</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Halton" title="Borough of Halton">Halton</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">WIDNES</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/WA_postcode_area" title="WA postcode area">WA8</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0151</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_Constabulary" title="Cheshire Constabulary">Cheshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service">Cheshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_West_Ambulance_Service" title="North West Ambulance Service">North West</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Widnes_and_Halewood_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Widnes and Halewood (UK Parliament constituency)">Widnes and Halewood</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">List of places</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Cheshire" title="List of places in Cheshire">Cheshire</a></dd></dl></div> <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Widnes&params=53.362_N_2.734_W_type:city_region:GB-HAL"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°21′43″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°44′02″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.362°N 2.734°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.362; -2.734</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Widnes</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">WID</span>-nəss</i></a>) is an <a href="/wiki/Industrial_city" title="Industrial city">industrial town</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Halton" title="Borough of Halton">Borough of Halton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, which at the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021 census</a> had a population of 62,400.<sup id="cite_ref-2021_Census_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historically</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>, it is on the northern bank of the <a href="/wiki/River_Mersey" title="River Mersey">River Mersey</a> where the estuary narrows to form the <a href="/wiki/Runcorn_Gap#Runcorn_Gap" class="mw-redirect" title="Runcorn Gap">Runcorn Gap</a>. Directly to the south across the Mersey is the town of <a href="/wiki/Runcorn" title="Runcorn">Runcorn</a>. Upstream 8 miles (13 km) to the east is <a href="/wiki/Warrington" title="Warrington">Warrington</a>, and 4 miles downstream to the west is <a href="/wiki/Speke" title="Speke">Speke</a>, a suburb of <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>. </p><p>Before the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>, Widnes was a small settlement on <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">marsh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moorland" title="Moorland">moorland</a>. In 1847, the chemist and industrialist <a href="/wiki/John_Hutchinson_(industrialist)" title="John Hutchinson (industrialist)">John Hutchinson</a> established a chemical factory at <a href="/wiki/Spike_Island,_Widnes" title="Spike Island, Widnes">Spike Island</a>. The town grew in population and rapidly became a major centre of the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" title="Chemical industry">chemical industry</a>. The demand for labour was met by large-scale immigration from <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town continues to be a major manufacturer of chemicals, although many of the chemical factories have closed and the economy is predominantly based upon service industries.<sup id="cite_ref-Hardie_25_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardie_25-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Widnes_railway_station" title="Widnes railway station">Widnes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hough_Green_railway_station" title="Hough Green railway station">Hough Green</a> railway stations are on the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool%E2%80%93Manchester_lines" title="Liverpool–Manchester lines">Liverpool–Manchester line</a>. The main roads through the town are the A557 in a north–south direction and the <a href="/wiki/A562_road" title="A562 road">A562</a> east–west. The disused <a href="/wiki/Sankey_Canal" title="Sankey Canal">Sankey Canal</a> terminates at Spike Island. The <a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_Bridge" title="Silver Jubilee Bridge">Silver Jubilee Bridge</a> crosses the River Mersey west of Warrington. In 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Mersey_Gateway_Bridge" title="Mersey Gateway Bridge">Mersey Gateway Bridge</a> opened to relieve congestion at the older bridge. The <a href="/wiki/Catalyst_Science_Discovery_Centre" title="Catalyst Science Discovery Centre">Catalyst Science Discovery Centre</a> is the United Kingdom's only museum dedicated solely to the Chemical Industry and is inside Hutchinson's former administrative building. The town's sport stadium hosts <a href="/wiki/Widnes_Vikings" title="Widnes Vikings">Widnes Vikings</a> <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a> club. </p><p>The motto of Widnes is the Latin phrase <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Industria Ditat</i></span> ("Industry Enriches"). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Toponymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most usual explanation for the origin of the name Widnes is that it comes from the <a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> words <i>vid</i>, meaning wide, and <i>noese</i>, meaning nose and that it refers to the <a href="/wiki/Promontory" title="Promontory">promontory</a> projecting into the River Mersey. However, the Widnes promontory is not particularly wide and another possible explanation is the first part derives from the Danish <i>ved</i>, meaning a wood and possibly referring to a tree-covered promontory. Earlier spellings of the name have been Vidnes, Wydnes and Wydness.<sup id="cite_ref-p5_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is little evidence of any early human occupation of the area although a <a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">flint</a> <a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">arrowhead</a> was discovered at Pex Hill, suggesting there was some human presence in the <a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a>. Pex Hill is a disused <a href="/wiki/Quarry" title="Quarry">quarry</a>, located to the north of the town.<sup id="cite_ref-p5_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Roman_roads" title="Roman roads">Roman roads</a> by-passed the area but some <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> coins were found where the <a href="/wiki/Ditton_railway_station" title="Ditton railway station">Ditton railway station</a> stands today.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 9th century <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a> invaded the country and Widnes was at the extreme south of the <a href="/wiki/Danelaw" title="Danelaw">Danelaw</a>. The River Mersey derives its name from the Anglo-Saxon <i>maeres ea</i>, which means boundary river, the boundary being that between the Danelaw and the Saxon kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the beginning of the 20th century it was believed that some earthworks on Cuerdley Marsh had been constructed by the Vikings<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but an archaeological investigation in the 1930s found nothing to confirm this.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Luke%27s_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2561847.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/St_Luke%27s_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2561847.jpg/220px-St_Luke%27s_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2561847.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/St_Luke%27s_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2561847.jpg/330px-St_Luke%27s_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2561847.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/St_Luke%27s_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2561847.jpg/440px-St_Luke%27s_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2561847.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2938" data-file-height="3282" /></a><figcaption>St Luke's Church in Farnworth</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest of England">Norman conquest of England</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a> granted the Earldom of Lancaster to <a href="/wiki/Roger_the_Poitevin" title="Roger the Poitevin">Roger the Poitevin</a> who in turn granted the barony of Widnes to Yorfrid. Yorfrid had no sons and his elder daughter married <a href="/wiki/William_fitz_Nigel" title="William fitz Nigel">William fitz Nigel</a>, the second <a href="/wiki/Halton_(barony)" class="mw-redirect" title="Halton (barony)">Baron of Halton</a>. On Yorfrid's death the barony of Widnes passed to that of Halton.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current <a href="/wiki/St_Luke%27s_Church,_Farnworth" title="St Luke's Church, Farnworth">St. Luke's</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Norman_architecture" title="Norman architecture">Norman</a> church, was built in Farnworth. Its date of origin is uncertain but it is likely to be around 1180.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-foster_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foster-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1500 the South Chapel<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was added to the church and in 1507 a <a href="/wiki/Grammar_school" title="Grammar school">grammar school</a> was established in Farnworth; both were endowments from Bishop <a href="/wiki/William_Smyth" title="William Smyth">William Smyth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until the middle of the 19th century the area consisted of the scattered hamlets of <a href="/wiki/Farnworth,_Cheshire" title="Farnworth, Cheshire">Farnworth</a>, Appleton, Ditton, Upton and Woodend. Nearby were the villages of <a href="/wiki/Cronton" title="Cronton">Cronton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuerdley" title="Cuerdley">Cuerdley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1750s the <a href="/wiki/Sankey_Canal" title="Sankey Canal">Sankey Canal</a> was constructed. This linked the area of <a href="/wiki/St_Helens,_Merseyside" title="St Helens, Merseyside">St. Helens</a> with the River Mersey at <a href="/wiki/Sankey_Bridges" title="Sankey Bridges">Sankey Bridges</a>, near Warrington and was in operation by 1757. It was extended to Fiddler's Ferry in 1762<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then in 1833 a further extension to Woodend was opened. In the same year the <a href="/wiki/St_Helens_and_Runcorn_Gap_Railway" title="St Helens and Runcorn Gap Railway">St Helens and Runcorn Gap Railway</a> was opened. The railway connected St Helens with an area in Woodend which was to become known as <a href="/wiki/Spike_Island,_Widnes" title="Spike Island, Widnes">Spike Island</a>. The termini of the canal and railway were adjacent and here <a href="/wiki/Widnes_Dock" title="Widnes Dock">Widnes Dock</a>, the world's first railway dock, was established.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite these transport links and the emergence of the chemical industry at nearby Runcorn and elsewhere in the Mersey Valley, the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom">Industrial Revolution</a> did not arrive at Widnes until 14 years later, with the arrival at Spike Island of <a href="/wiki/John_Hutchinson_(industrialist)" title="John Hutchinson (industrialist)">John Hutchinson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coming_of_the_chemical_industry">Coming of the chemical industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Coming of the chemical industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Widnes_Smoke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Widnes_Smoke.jpg/250px-Widnes_Smoke.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Widnes_Smoke.jpg/330px-Widnes_Smoke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Widnes_Smoke.jpg/500px-Widnes_Smoke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1715" data-file-height="969" /></a><figcaption>Widnes during the late 19th century demonstrating the degree of pollution in the town</figcaption></figure> <p>John Hutchinson built his first factory in 1847 on land between the Sankey Canal and the railway making alkali by the <a href="/wiki/Leblanc_process" title="Leblanc process">Leblanc process</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was an ideal site for the factory because all the raw materials could be transported there by the waterways and railway, and the finished products could similarly be transported anywhere else in the country or overseas. Further chemical factories were soon built nearby by entrepreneurs including <a href="/wiki/John_McClellan_(chemist)" title="John McClellan (chemist)">John McClellan</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Gossage" title="William Gossage">William Gossage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Muspratt" title="Frederic Muspratt">Frederic Muspratt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holbrook_Gaskell" title="Holbrook Gaskell">Holbrook Gaskell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Deacon_(industrialist)" title="Henry Deacon (industrialist)">Henry Deacon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hardie_25_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardie_25-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town grew rapidly as housing and social provision was made for the factory workers. Soon the villages of Farnworth, Appleton, Ditton and Upton were subsumed within the developing town of Widnes. Woodend became known as West Bank. The substances produced included soap, borax, soda ash, salt cake and bleaching powder. Other industries developed including iron and copper works.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town became heavily <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">polluted</a> with <a href="/wiki/Smoke" title="Smoke">smoke</a> and the <a href="/wiki/By-product" title="By-product">by-products</a> of the chemical processes.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1888 the town was described as "the dirtiest, ugliest and most depressing town in England"<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1905 as a "poisonous hell-town".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Their especial ugliness is, however, never more marked than when the spring is making beautiful every nook and corner of England, for the spring never comes hither. It never comes because, neither at Widnes nor St. Helens, is there any place in which it can manifest itself. The foul gases which, belched forth night and day from the many factories, rot the clothes, the teeth, and, in the end, the bodies or the workers, have killed every tree and every blade of grass for miles around.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sherard" title="Robert Sherard">Robert Sherard</a>, The White Slaves of England, Being True Pictures of Certain Social Conditions in the Kingdom of England in the Year 1897, p. 47</cite></div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spike_island,_Widnes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Spike_island%2C_Widnes.jpg/220px-Spike_island%2C_Widnes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Spike_island%2C_Widnes.jpg/330px-Spike_island%2C_Widnes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Spike_island%2C_Widnes.jpg/440px-Spike_island%2C_Widnes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3369" data-file-height="2699" /></a><figcaption>Spike Island <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1900</span></figcaption></figure> <p>The demand for workers meant that, in addition to people from other areas of the United Kingdom, including Ireland,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> large numbers of workers came from other countries. From the late 1880s significant numbers arrived from Poland and Lithuania who were fleeing from persecution and poverty in their home countries.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Immigrants also came from other areas, in particular Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1890 the chemical companies making alkali by the Leblanc process combined to form the <a href="/wiki/United_Alkali_Company" title="United Alkali Company">United Alkali Company</a>, later one of the constituent companies of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Chemical_Industries" title="Imperial Chemical Industries">ICI</a>. This involved practically all of the chemical industries in Widnes, which was considered to be the principal centre of the new company.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, during the 1890s the chemical business in Widnes went into decline as more efficient methods of making alkali were developed elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Recent history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spike_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Spike_Island.jpg/250px-Spike_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Spike_Island.jpg/500px-Spike_Island.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2481" data-file-height="1504" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Spike_Island,_Cheshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Spike Island, Cheshire">Spike Island</a> was the location of the first chemical factory and is now a greenspace</figcaption></figure> <p>During the early decades of the 20th century there was a revival in the local economy, particularly as the United Alkali Company began to manufacture new products.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Improvements were being made to the structure of the town, in particular the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Widnes-Runcorn_Transporter_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Widnes-Runcorn Transporter Bridge">Widnes–Runcorn Transporter Bridge</a> in 1905 which gave the first direct link over the Mersey for road traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1909 the town became the first in Britain to have a regular covered-top <a href="/wiki/Double-decker_bus" title="Double-decker bus">double-decker bus</a> service.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1919 the health of the residents of the town was improving.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1920s, and 1930s there was further diversification of the chemical industry and the products it manufactured.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slums were being replaced by more and better homes.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> more slums were cleared and there was ongoing growth and variation in the chemical industry. By the 1950s the town had 45 major chemical factories.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1961 the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_Bridge" title="Silver Jubilee Bridge">Silver Jubilee Bridge</a> opened as free crossing, replacing the outdated Transporter Bridge. In 2017 a further crossing, the <a href="/wiki/Mersey_Gateway_Bridge" title="Mersey Gateway Bridge">Mersey Gateway Bridge</a>, opened to relieve congestion. This crossing was tolled. When the Mersey Gateway Bridge was opened, the Silver Jubilee Bridge was closed for maintenance. Now both bridges are operating, but as tolled crossings. </p><p>In recent years many of the old heavy chemical factories have closed to be replaced by more modern factories. Much of the land previously polluted by the old dirty chemical processes has been reclaimed, and there have been improvements in the cleanliness and environment of the town.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Local government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Widnes_Town_Hall_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Widnes_Town_Hall_1.jpg/220px-Widnes_Town_Hall_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Widnes_Town_Hall_1.jpg/330px-Widnes_Town_Hall_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Widnes_Town_Hall_1.jpg/440px-Widnes_Town_Hall_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1780" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Widnes_Town_Hall" title="Widnes Town Hall">Widnes Town Hall</a>, now a <a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Widnes" title="Listed buildings in Widnes">listed building</a>, was once the political centre of the town</figcaption></figure> <p>Widnes is <a href="/wiki/Unparished_area" title="Unparished area">unparished</a> with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Halebank" title="Halebank">Halebank</a>. The local authority is <a href="/wiki/Halton_Borough_Council" title="Halton Borough Council">Halton Borough Council</a> for which the town is divided into nine <a href="/wiki/Wards_and_electoral_divisions_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wards and electoral divisions of the United Kingdom">electoral wards</a>, each electing three councillors.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Saxon</a> times Widnes was part of the <a href="/wiki/West_Derby_Hundred" title="West Derby Hundred">hundred</a> of <a href="/wiki/West_Derby_(hundred)" class="mw-redirect" title="West Derby (hundred)">West Derby</a> in Lancashire. Modern local government in the town of Widnes began with the creation of the Widnes Local Board in 1865, prior to which the town had been part of the administrative district of <a href="/wiki/Prescot" title="Prescot">Prescot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1892, the town received a Charter of Incorporation forming the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Borough_of_Widnes" title="Municipal Borough of Widnes">Municipal Borough of Widnes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-w125_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w125-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1974, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">Local Government Act 1972</a>, Widnes Borough Council was abolished and its territory amalgamated with Runcorn to form the borough of Halton within the county of Cheshire.<sup id="cite_ref-w180_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w180-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998 the borough of Halton became a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authority" title="Unitary authority">unitary authority</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-w180_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w180-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, the council entered into an agreement with the five <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_district_council" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan district council">metropolitan district councils</a> of <a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Region" title="Liverpool City Region">Liverpool City Region</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Westminster_representation">Westminster representation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Westminster representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Widnes is in the <a href="/wiki/Widnes_and_Halewood_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Widnes and Halewood (UK Parliament constituency)">Widnes and Halewood constituency</a> for representation in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a>. The seat has been held by <a href="/wiki/Derek_Twigg" title="Derek Twigg">Derek Twigg</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> since its creation for the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024 general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1983 and 2024, Widnes was in the <a href="/wiki/Halton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Halton (UK Parliament constituency)">Halton constituency</a> which was held by the Labour Party since its creation. Widnes first became a <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district" title="Electoral district">parliamentary constituency</a> and elected its first Member of Parliament in 1885.<sup id="cite_ref-w125_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w125-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Runcorn-Widnes_Bridges_from_the_Air_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3153513.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Runcorn-Widnes_Bridges_from_the_Air_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3153513.jpg/250px-Runcorn-Widnes_Bridges_from_the_Air_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3153513.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Runcorn-Widnes_Bridges_from_the_Air_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3153513.jpg/330px-Runcorn-Widnes_Bridges_from_the_Air_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3153513.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Runcorn-Widnes_Bridges_from_the_Air_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3153513.jpg/500px-Runcorn-Widnes_Bridges_from_the_Air_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3153513.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2232" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Widnes from the Runcorn Gap</figcaption></figure> <p>Widnes is situated on the north bank of the River Mersey. The whole town is low-lying with some slightly higher areas in <a href="/wiki/Farnworth,_Widnes" class="mw-redirect" title="Farnworth, Widnes">Farnworth</a> and Appleton. To the south of the town a spur projecting into the river forms the West Bank area of Widnes; together with a spur projecting northwards from Runcorn these form Runcorn Gap, a narrowing of the River Mersey. Runcorn Gap is crossed by <a href="/wiki/Runcorn_Railway_Bridge" title="Runcorn Railway Bridge">Runcorn Railway Bridge</a>, carrying the Liverpool branch of the West Coast Main Line, and the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_Bridge" title="Silver Jubilee Bridge">Silver Jubilee Bridge</a>, carrying the <a href="/wiki/A533_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A533 road">A533 road</a> which then curves in a westerly direction towards Liverpool becoming the A562. The density of housing is generally high but there are some open green areas, including Victoria Park in Appleton and two golf courses which are geographically near the centre of the urban development. Most of the chemical and other factories are close to the north bank of the River Mersey.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second road bridge, the <a href="/wiki/Mersey_Gateway_Bridge" title="Mersey Gateway Bridge">Mersey Gateway</a>, opened in October 2017, carrying a six-lane road connecting Runcorn's Central Expressway with Speke Road and Queensway in Widnes. </p><p>Drainage of the Widnes area is into the Mersey via Ditton, Steward's and Bower's Brooks. The <a href="/wiki/Bedrock" title="Bedrock">bedrock</a> of the area is rock from the <a href="/wiki/Sherwood_Sandstone_Group" title="Sherwood Sandstone Group">Sherwood</a> <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> group. There are a few <a href="/wiki/Outcrop" title="Outcrop">outcrops</a> of sandstone but elsewhere the bedrock is covered by <a href="/wiki/Drift_(geology)" title="Drift (geology)">drift</a>. Most of this consists of <a href="/wiki/Till" title="Till">till</a> except near the bank of the Mersey where it is recent <a href="/wiki/Alluvium" title="Alluvium">alluvium</a>. </p><p>When borings were made in the 1870s prior to the building of chemical works a deep gorge measuring around 100 feet (30 m) was found in the bedrock which was filled with <a href="/wiki/Till" title="Till">glacial deposits</a>. From this it was concluded that before the <a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">Ice Age</a> the Mersey had flowed in a more northerly course, and when it was blocked by glacial deposits it had made a new channel through Runcorn Gap.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Being close to the west coast and the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a>, the climate is generally <a href="/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate</a> with few extremes of temperature or weather. The mean average temperature in the years 1971 to 2000 was 9.4 to 9.7 <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">°C</a>, which was slightly above the average for the United Kingdom<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as was the average amount of annual sunshine at 1391 to 1470 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average annual rainfall was 741 to 870 mm, which was slightly below the average for the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average number of days in the year when snow is on the ground is 0 to 6, which is low for the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average number of days of air frost is 2 to 39, which is also low.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population_growth">Population growth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Population growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Widnes was a small settlement until industrialisation in the nineteenth century which led to significant population growth.<sup id="cite_ref-Cheshire_Historic_Towns_Survey_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cheshire_Historic_Towns_Survey-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Population growth of Widnes since 1801<sup id="cite_ref-Cheshire_Historic_Towns_Survey_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cheshire_Historic_Towns_Survey-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vision_of_Britain_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vision_of_Britain-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2011_Census_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_Census-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2021_Census_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Population </th> <th scope="col">Change as % </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1801 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">1,063 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">— </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1811 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">1,204 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+13.3% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1821 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">1,439 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+19.5% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1831 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">2,209 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+53.5% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1841 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">3,211 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+45.4% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1851 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">3,211 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1861 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">6,905 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+115.0% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1871 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">14,359 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+108.0% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1881 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">24,935 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+73.7% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1891 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">30,011 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+20.4% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1901 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">28,580 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−4.8% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1911 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">34,541 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+20.9% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1921 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">38,860 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+12.5% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1931 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">40,619 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+4.5% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1939 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">40,347 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1951 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">48,795 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+20.9% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1961 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">52,168 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+6.9% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1971 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">56,953 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+9.2% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1981 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">54,478 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−4.3% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1991 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">55,708 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+2.3% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2001 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">55,686 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2011 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">61,464 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+10.4% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2021 </th> <td style="text-align:right;">62,400 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+1.5% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Widnes_St_Mary%27s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Widnes_St_Mary%27s.jpg/250px-Widnes_St_Mary%27s.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Widnes_St_Mary%27s.jpg/330px-Widnes_St_Mary%27s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Widnes_St_Mary%27s.jpg/500px-Widnes_St_Mary%27s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>St Mary's Church, West Bank</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 2021 census, of the people living in Widnes, 64.3% declared themselves to be Christian, higher than the national average in England of 46.3% but down from 79.9% in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-2021_Census_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2011_Census_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_Census-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 29.5% stated that they had "no religion" and 4.7% made no religious claims. Those stating their religions as Buddhist, Hindu, Jewish, Islam, Sikh or other amounted to 1.5%.<sup id="cite_ref-2021_Census_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> churches are administered by the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Liverpool" title="Anglican Diocese of Liverpool">Diocese of Liverpool</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The longest established church is <a href="/wiki/St_Luke%27s_Church,_Farnworth" title="St Luke's Church, Farnworth">St Luke's Church, Farnworth</a>. The other Anglican churches are <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Widnes" title="St Mary's Church, Widnes">St Mary's</a> in West Bank, St Paul's in Victoria Square, St John's in Greenway Road and <a href="/wiki/St_Ambrose_Church,_Widnes" title="St Ambrose Church, Widnes">St Ambrose</a> in Halton View Road. The Anglicans share the building of St Michael's in Ditchfield Road with Hough Green Methodist Church. The Anglicans also share the building of All Saints' in Hough Green Road with the Catholic Church of St Basil's.<sup id="cite_ref-church_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-church-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Roman Catholic churches in Widnes are part of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Liverpool" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Liverpool">Archdiocese of Liverpool</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are four churches in Widnes, namely <a href="/wiki/St_Bede%27s_Church,_Widnes" title="St Bede's Church, Widnes">St Bede's</a> in Appleton, St John Fisher in Moorfield Road, <a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Church,_Ditton" title="St Michael's Church, Ditton">St Michael's</a> in St Michael's Road, and St Basils in Hough Green Road.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-church_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-church-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Owing to a shortage of Catholic Priests and the "Leaving Safe Harbours" project in effect throughout the Archdiocese St Marie's was closed, the last Mass was celebrated on 6 January 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The church is a listed building,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it has been placed on the <a href="/wiki/Heritage_at_risk" class="mw-redirect" title="Heritage at risk">Buildings at Risk</a> list by the campaign group <a href="/wiki/Save_Britain%27s_Heritage" title="Save Britain's Heritage">Save Britain's Heritage</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was identified by <a href="/wiki/The_Victorian_Society" title="The Victorian Society">the Victorian Society</a> on their 2008 annual list as being one of the ten most endangered <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> buildings in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Our Lady of Perpetual Succour in Mayfield Avenue, <a href="/wiki/St_Marie%27s_Church,_Widnes" title="St Marie's Church, Widnes">St Marie's</a> in Lugsdale Road, St Pius X in Sefton Avenue and St Raphael's in Liverpool Road all closed and were deconsecrated by 2013. </p><p>Trinity <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> Church is in Peelhouse Lane and there are Methodist churches in Farnworth and Halebank.<sup id="cite_ref-church_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-church-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> church in Deacon Road and an <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a> Christian church in Ditton. The Foundry in Lugsdale Road is a <a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a> church<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> have a <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hall" title="Kingdom Hall">Kingdom Hall</a> in Moorfield Road. The Widnes National <a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualist</a> Church is in Lacey Street.<sup id="cite_ref-church_53-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-church-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ethnicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021 census</a>, of Widnes's 62,400 residents, 96.5% were White. Mixed/multiple ethnic groups made up 1.3%; Asian/Asian British/Asian Welsh 1.2%; Black/Black British/Black Welsh/Caribbean/African 0.4%; and Other ethnic group 0.5%. 97.3% had English as a first language.<sup id="cite_ref-2021_Census_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_Census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Widnes_Greenoaks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Widnes_Greenoaks.jpg/250px-Widnes_Greenoaks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Widnes_Greenoaks.jpg/330px-Widnes_Greenoaks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Widnes_Greenoaks.jpg/500px-Widnes_Greenoaks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Greenoaks Centre</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Gross_value_added" title="Gross value added">GVA</a> for the Widnes Built-up Area was £1.18 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-GVA_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GVA-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Widnes is an industrial town and its major industry is still the manufacture of chemicals, although there has been diversification in recent years and the economy predominately relies on service industries. In 2006 a new freight park, known as the 3MG Mersey Multimodal Gateway, was opened in the West Bank area of the town. This provides a link for freight arriving by road, air or sea to be transferred to the rail network. In 2010 the first phase of Stobart Park, a "multimodal logistics service for warehousing and distribution", and part of the <a href="/wiki/Stobart_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Stobart Group">Stobart Group</a>, was opened. This consists of a 520,000 square feet (48,000 m<sup>2</sup>) refrigerated warehouse for <a href="/wiki/Tesco" title="Tesco">Tesco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014 work began on the new <a href="/wiki/Mersey_Gateway" class="mw-redirect" title="Mersey Gateway">Mersey Gateway</a> bridge which was completed and open to the public in October 2017. A new six lane toll bridge over the <a href="/wiki/River_Mersey" title="River Mersey">River Mersey</a> between the towns of Runcorn and Widnes was built to relieve the congested and ageing <a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_Bridge" title="Silver Jubilee Bridge">Silver Jubilee Bridge</a>. The new bridge and access roads are a major strategic transport route linking the Liverpool city-region including <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport" title="Liverpool John Lennon Airport">Liverpool John Lennon Airport</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Liverpool" title="Port of Liverpool">Port of Liverpool</a> to North West England. </p><p>There has been considerable development of shopping areas in the town. The Greenoaks Centre, a mall which was opened in 1995 is adjacent to the long-established Widnes Market which has both a market hall and an open market. Also adjacent is a <a href="/wiki/Morrisons" title="Morrisons">Morrisons</a> supermarket.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Simms Cross area a large <a href="/wiki/Asda" title="Asda">Asda</a> superstore opened in 2004, replacing its old store in nearby Ditton.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new shopping development, known as Widnes Shopping Park, opened on 18 March 2010, the flagship store being a <a href="/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer" title="Marks & Spencer">Marks & Spencer</a> shop. Other businesses involved in the development are <a href="/wiki/Next_plc" title="Next plc">Next</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Look_(company)" title="New Look (company)">New Look</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boots_(company)" title="Boots (company)">Boots</a>, <a href="/wiki/River_Island" title="River Island">River Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Home_Stores" title="British Home Stores">British Home Stores</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_Group" title="Arcadia Group">Outfit</a> out-of-town chain outlet incorporates fashion brands, including <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Perkins" title="Dorothy Perkins">Dorothy Perkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miss_Selfridge" title="Miss Selfridge">Miss Selfridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Topman" title="Topman">Topman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallis_(retailer)" title="Wallis (retailer)">Wallis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burton_(retailer)" title="Burton (retailer)">Burton</a>. Other businesses included in the development are <a href="/wiki/Wilko_(retailer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilko (retailer)">Wilko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costa_Coffee" title="Costa Coffee">Costa Coffee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halfords" title="Halfords">Halfords</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Bingo" title="Buzz Bingo">Buzz Bingo</a> and <a href="/wiki/KFC" title="KFC">KFC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Autumn 2011 construction began of a <a href="/wiki/Tesco#Tesco_Extra" title="Tesco">Tesco Extra</a> 24-hour store. The glass fronted 120,000 sq ft store has been built on the old B&Q site next to Ashley Way and was opened in March 2012. The store was built on stilts allowing a car park to be built underneath the store for around 600 cars.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"> <caption>Employment by industry in 2011<sup id="cite_ref-2011_Census_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_Census-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2011_Census_Halton_key_statistics_profile_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_Census_Halton_key_statistics_profile-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:left;"> <th>Industry </th> <th>Widnes (Resident Jobs) </th> <th>Widnes (%) </th> <th>Halton (%) </th> <th>England (%) </th> <th>Widnes - England Difference </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles </td> <td>5,549 </td> <td>19.3 </td> <td>18.7 </td> <td>15.9 </td> <td>3.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">C Manufacturing </td> <td>3,311 </td> <td>11.5 </td> <td>12.5 </td> <td>8.8 </td> <td>2.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">H Transport and storage </td> <td>1,835 </td> <td>6.4 </td> <td>6.9 </td> <td>5.0 </td> <td>1.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">E Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities </td> <td>580 </td> <td>2.0 </td> <td>1.6 </td> <td>0.7 </td> <td>1.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">O Public administration and defence; compulsory social security </td> <td>1,949 </td> <td>6.8 </td> <td>6.5 </td> <td>5.9 </td> <td>0.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">F Construction </td> <td>2,331 </td> <td>8.1 </td> <td>7.4 </td> <td>7.7 </td> <td>0.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">D Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply </td> <td>269 </td> <td>0.9 </td> <td>0.8 </td> <td>0.6 </td> <td>0.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">N Administrative and support service activities </td> <td>1,437 </td> <td>5.0 </td> <td>5.3 </td> <td>4.9 </td> <td>0.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">B Mining and quarrying </td> <td>50 </td> <td>0.2 </td> <td>0.2 </td> <td>0.2 </td> <td>0.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">L Real estate activities </td> <td>334 </td> <td>1.2 </td> <td>1.2 </td> <td>1.5 </td> <td>-0.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">A Agriculture, forestry and fishing </td> <td>33 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td>0.2 </td> <td>0.8 </td> <td>-0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Q Human health and social work activities </td> <td>3,353 </td> <td>11.7 </td> <td>12.0 </td> <td>12.4 </td> <td>-0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">J Information and communication </td> <td>943 </td> <td>3.3 </td> <td>3.9 </td> <td>4.1 </td> <td>-0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">R, S, T, U Other </td> <td>1,175 </td> <td>4.1 </td> <td>3.8 </td> <td>5.0 </td> <td>-0.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">I Accommodation and food service activities </td> <td>1,241 </td> <td>4.3 </td> <td>4.6 </td> <td>5.6 </td> <td>-1.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">K Financial and insurance activities </td> <td>767 </td> <td>2.7 </td> <td>2.4 </td> <td>4.4 </td> <td>-1.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">P Education </td> <td>2,348 </td> <td>8.2 </td> <td>7.7 </td> <td>9.9 </td> <td>-1.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">M Professional, scientific and technical activities </td> <td>1,232 </td> <td>4.3 </td> <td>4.5 </td> <td>6.7 </td> <td>-2.4 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Catalyst_Museum_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2260363.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/The_Catalyst_Museum_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2260363.jpg/220px-The_Catalyst_Museum_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2260363.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/The_Catalyst_Museum_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2260363.jpg/330px-The_Catalyst_Museum_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2260363.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/The_Catalyst_Museum_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2260363.jpg/440px-The_Catalyst_Museum_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2260363.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Catalyst_Science_Discovery_Centre" title="Catalyst Science Discovery Centre">Catalyst Science Discovery Centre</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_Bridge" title="Silver Jubilee Bridge">Silver Jubilee Bridge</a> is a Grade II listed structure with <a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. It was opened in 1961 and crosses to <a href="/wiki/Runcorn" title="Runcorn">Runcorn</a>. With a main arch spanning 330m, for many years it was the only crossing of the River Mersey West of Warrington. In 2017 the new <a href="/wiki/Mersey_Gateway" class="mw-redirect" title="Mersey Gateway">Mersey Gateway</a> bridge was opened to relieve congestion at the older bridge and allow easier road access to the Liverpool City region. </p><p>Reclamation of chemical factory sites and areas formerly polluted with chemical waste has given opportunities for developments. These include Victoria Promenade at West Bank, alongside the River Mersey, and Spike Island, now cleared of industry, which forms an open recreation area leading to footpaths along the former <a href="/wiki/Towpath" title="Towpath">towpath</a> of the Sankey Canal.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adjacent to Spike Island occupying <a href="/wiki/John_Hutchinson_(industrialist)" title="John Hutchinson (industrialist)">John Hutchinson's</a> former Tower Building is the <a href="/wiki/Catalyst_Science_Discovery_Centre" title="Catalyst Science Discovery Centre">Catalyst Science Discovery Centre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are a number of <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed buildings</a>, many of them in the more outlying areas but some are scattered throughout the town. The listed churches are the <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> churches of <a href="/wiki/St_Luke%27s_Church,_Farnworth" title="St Luke's Church, Farnworth">St Luke's Church, Farnworth</a> (and its adjacent <a href="/wiki/Village_lock-up" title="Village lock-up">bridewell</a>), and <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Widnes" title="St Mary's Church, Widnes">St Mary's, West Bank</a>, the Roman Catholic churches of <a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Church,_Ditton" title="St Michael's Church, Ditton">St Michael's</a>, St Marie's and St Bede's, and the two chapels in the cemetery. The railway stations of Widnes and Hough Green are listed, as are the former <a href="/wiki/Widnes_Town_Hall" title="Widnes Town Hall">Widnes Town Hall</a> and the former <a href="/wiki/Power_station" title="Power station">power house</a> of the transporter bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Widnes_railway_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Widnes_railway_station.jpg/250px-Widnes_railway_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Widnes_railway_station.jpg/330px-Widnes_railway_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Widnes_railway_station.jpg/500px-Widnes_railway_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Widnes_railway_station" title="Widnes railway station">Widnes railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Widnes is on the southern route of the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_to_Manchester_Lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool to Manchester Lines">Liverpool to Manchester railway line</a>. There are two stations in the town, <a href="/wiki/Hough_Green_railway_station" title="Hough Green railway station">Hough Green</a> and <a href="/wiki/Widnes_railway_station" title="Widnes railway station">Widnes</a> from which services are operated by <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_Railway" title="East Midlands Railway">East Midlands Railway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Trains" title="Northern Trains">Northern</a>. Northern operate frequent services to Liverpool and Manchester city centre from Hough Green and Widnes. East Midlands Railway link Widnes station at hourly intervals throughout the day to Liverpool, Manchester, <a href="/wiki/Stockport" title="Stockport">Stockport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a>. </p><p>However passengers to and from London, the Midlands and the South are likely to use <a href="/wiki/Runcorn_railway_station" title="Runcorn railway station">Runcorn station</a> and make the short journey across the Mersey Gateway Bridge by bus or taxi.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Proposals for <a href="/wiki/Merseyrail" title="Merseyrail">Merseyrail</a> to be extended to <a href="/wiki/Warrington_Central_railway_station" title="Warrington Central railway station">Warrington</a> have been set as Merseyrail are due some new Battery Electric Trains. This would open up new links as the trains would run on the pre-existing route via <a href="/wiki/Widnes_railway_station" title="Widnes railway station">Widnes railway station</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The two main bus operators providing local services are <a href="/wiki/Arriva_North_West" title="Arriva North West">Arriva North West</a><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Warrington's Own Buses. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/A562_road" title="A562 road">A562 road</a> passes through Widnes linking Liverpool to the west with <a href="/wiki/Penketh" title="Penketh">Penketh</a> to the east. The A557 road passes through the town linking Runcorn to the south, via the Silver Jubilee Bridge, with the <a href="/wiki/M62_motorway" title="M62 motorway">M62 motorway</a>, some 2.5 miles (4 km) to the north.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Mersey_Gateway" class="mw-redirect" title="Mersey Gateway">Mersey Gateway</a> will replace the Silver Jubilee Bridge by mid-October 2017. </p><p>Widnes is 6 miles (10 km) from <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport" title="Liverpool John Lennon Airport">Liverpool John Lennon Airport</a> and 25 miles (40 km) from <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Airport" title="Manchester Airport">Manchester Airport</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Riverside_College,_Widnes_(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Riverside_College%2C_Widnes_%281%29.JPG/220px-Riverside_College%2C_Widnes_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Riverside_College%2C_Widnes_%281%29.JPG/330px-Riverside_College%2C_Widnes_%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Riverside_College%2C_Widnes_%281%29.JPG/440px-Riverside_College%2C_Widnes_%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Riverside College in Widnes</figcaption></figure> <p>There are nineteen primary schools in the town and three nursery schools. The three <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education#United_Kingdom" title="Secondary education">secondary schools</a> are <a href="/wiki/Saints_Peter_and_Paul_Catholic_High_School" title="Saints Peter and Paul Catholic High School">Saints Peter and Paul Catholic High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ormiston_Chadwick_Academy" title="Ormiston Chadwick Academy">Ormiston Chadwick Academy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wade_Deacon_High_School" title="Wade Deacon High School">Wade Deacon High School</a>. The former colleges, Halton College and Widnes and Runcorn Sixth Form College, merged in 2006 to form <a href="/wiki/Riverside_College,_Widnes" title="Riverside College, Widnes">Riverside College</a>. There are three <a href="/wiki/Special_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Special school">special schools</a>. Also in Widnes is the Woodview Child Development Centre in Crow Wood Lane.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kingsway Learning Centre offers opportunities for Adult Learning, Basic Skills and Skills for Success.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As part of the <a href="/wiki/Building_Schools_for_the_Future" title="Building Schools for the Future">Building Schools for the Future</a> programme, Fairfield High School closed down in 2010 and merged with <a href="/wiki/Wade_Deacon_High_School" title="Wade Deacon High School">Wade Deacon High School</a>. The school was founded in 1507 as Farnworth Grammar School by Bishop William Smyth and a school has been on the site since the 16th century. In the 1960s two separate-sex secondary schools amalgamated and the school took the title Fairfield High School from 1974 up until its closure. When it closed in August 2010, the schools pupils were transferred to Wade Deacon High School, though still operating from the same site. This continued until March 2013 when Wade Deacon High School's new build was completed; demolition of the old school began in August 2013 and was completed by the end of that year. The site is currently being developed into a housing estate and a cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Halton_(Stobart)_Stadium,_Lower_House_Lane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3428709.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Halton_%28Stobart%29_Stadium%2C_Lower_House_Lane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3428709.jpg/220px-Halton_%28Stobart%29_Stadium%2C_Lower_House_Lane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3428709.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Halton_%28Stobart%29_Stadium%2C_Lower_House_Lane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3428709.jpg/330px-Halton_%28Stobart%29_Stadium%2C_Lower_House_Lane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3428709.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Halton_%28Stobart%29_Stadium%2C_Lower_House_Lane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3428709.jpg/440px-Halton_%28Stobart%29_Stadium%2C_Lower_House_Lane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3428709.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Halton Stadium, home of Widnes Vikings</figcaption></figure> <p>The major sporting body in the town is <a href="/wiki/Widnes_Vikings" title="Widnes Vikings">Widnes Vikings Rugby League Football Club</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cup kings of the 1970s, and 1980s, they were World Club Champions in 1989, after defeating Australian side <a href="/wiki/Canberra_Raiders" title="Canberra Raiders">Canberra Raiders</a> at <a href="/wiki/Old_Trafford" title="Old Trafford">Old Trafford</a>. More recently, they were winners of the <a href="/wiki/National_League_Cup_(rugby)" class="mw-redirect" title="National League Cup (rugby)">Northern Rail Cup</a> in 2007 and 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their home ground is <a href="/wiki/Halton_Stadium" title="Halton Stadium">DCBL Stadium</a> in Lowerhouse Lane, which is owned and run by Halton Borough Council. In addition to being a sporting ground it has facilities for conferences and banqueting.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2007 the club was defeated in the National League One Grand Final. Following this, and because of the club's financial situation, its board decided to put it into <a href="/wiki/Administration_(law)" title="Administration (law)">administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was subsequently purchased by Steve O'Connor, a local businessman.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Widnes Vikings are in the <a href="/wiki/RFL_Championship" title="RFL Championship">Betfred Championship</a>. </p><p>Widnes Rugby Union Football Club (otherwise known as "the wids"), are an amateur rugby union club based at Heath Rd and administered by volunteers. The players are all club members and pay subscriptions. The club welcomes and encourages the development of rugby within all sections of the local community by promoting links with local schools, local authorities and the Rugby Football Union constituency body.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Widnes Cricket Club was founded in 1865 and has its ground in Beaconsfield Road. Moorfield Sports & Social Club in Moorfield Road hosts sports including football, rugby league, cricket and bowls. At Highfield Road there is a private golf club. </p><p>Widnes Tennis Academy is located on Highfield Rd and shares an entrance with St Peter and Pauls School. This is a privately operated facility consisting of 3 in-door courts, six floodlit outside courts and a gym. It is a Beacon facility and has many links with schools, the local authority and the LTA to promote and develop tennis in the area. It is the home of Lane Tennis Club (Est 1876) which has a number of men's, women's and junior teams playing competitively in the Warrington District League.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Widnes is home to a <a href="/wiki/Mixed_martial_arts" title="Mixed martial arts">mixed martial arts (MMA)</a> gym, the Wolfslair MMA Academy. This was established in 2004 by MMA fans and Anthony McGann and Lee Gwynn. Since then the academy has trained MMA fighters including former <a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Fighting_Championship" title="Ultimate Fighting Championship">UFC</a> <a href="/wiki/Middleweight" title="Middleweight">middleweight</a> champion <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bisping" title="Michael Bisping">Michael Bisping</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Light_heavyweight" title="Light heavyweight">light heavyweight</a> champion <a href="/wiki/Quinton_Jackson" title="Quinton Jackson">Quinton Jackson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Widnes_F.C." title="Widnes F.C.">Widnes F.C.</a> play their home matches at <a href="/wiki/Halton_Stadium" title="Halton Stadium">Halton Stadium</a>. The club was founded in 2003 as The Dragons Amateur Football Club (The Dragons A.F.C.) and in 2012 it was acquired by the Rugby League team and became known as Widnes Vikings Football Club. In June 2014 the club became independent of the Rugby League team and changed its name to Widnes Football Club.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After promotion to the North West Counties Premier Division at the end of the 2016–2017 season the team gained automatic promotion to the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Premier_League" title="Northern Premier League">Evo-Stik Western Division</a> at the end of the 2017–18 season, becoming the first side since <a href="/wiki/AFC_Fylde" title="AFC Fylde">AFC Fylde</a> to achieve back-to-back promotions from the North West Counties Football League. </p><p>Since May 2013 there has been an <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> club <a href="/wiki/Widnes_Wild" title="Widnes Wild">Widnes Wild</a> based at the Planet Ice ice rink which plays in the <a href="/wiki/National_Ice_Hockey_League" title="National Ice Hockey League">National Ice Hockey League</a> Laidler Conference.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Local news and television programmes are provided by <a href="/wiki/BBC_North_West" title="BBC North West">BBC North West</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Granada" title="ITV Granada">ITV Granada</a>, the local television station <a href="/wiki/TalkLiverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="TalkLiverpool">TalkLiverpool</a> also broadcasts to the area. Television signals are received from the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Hill_transmitting_station" title="Winter Hill transmitting station">Winter Hill</a> TV transmitter.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local radio stations are <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Merseyside" title="BBC Radio Merseyside">BBC Radio Merseyside</a> on 95.8 FM, <a href="/wiki/Heart_North_West" title="Heart North West">Heart North West</a> on 105.4 FM, <a href="/wiki/Capital_Liverpool" title="Capital Liverpool">Capital Liverpool</a> on 107.6 FM, <a href="/wiki/Hits_Radio_Liverpool" title="Hits Radio Liverpool">Hits Radio Liverpool</a> on 96.7 FM, <a href="/wiki/Smooth_North_West" title="Smooth North West">Smooth North West</a> on 100.4 FM, <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio_Liverpool_%26_The_North_West" title="Greatest Hits Radio Liverpool & The North West">Greatest Hits Radio Liverpool & The North West</a> on 107.2 FM, and Halton Community Radio, a community based station which broadcasts on 92.3FM<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although has gone off air in 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The town is served by the local newspapers, <i>The Runcorn & Widnes Weekly News</i><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Runcorn and Widnes World</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Widnes_Waterfront,_The_Future_Flower_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3428573.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Widnes_Waterfront%2C_The_Future_Flower_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3428573.jpg/170px-Widnes_Waterfront%2C_The_Future_Flower_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3428573.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Widnes_Waterfront%2C_The_Future_Flower_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3428573.jpg/255px-Widnes_Waterfront%2C_The_Future_Flower_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3428573.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Widnes_Waterfront%2C_The_Future_Flower_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3428573.jpg/340px-Widnes_Waterfront%2C_The_Future_Flower_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3428573.jpg 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>The Future Flower public art installation at Widnes Waterfront</figcaption></figure> <p>The Queens Hall opened in 1957, it was originally Victoria Road Wesleyan Methodist Chapel. It was in use as a theatre and concert hall until the opening of <a href="/wiki/The_Brindley" title="The Brindley">The Brindley</a> in Runcorn in 2004. The Queens Hall was demolished (December 2011 – February 2012). Adjacent to the hall, in Lacey Street, is the Queen's Hall Studio, originally built as a <a href="/wiki/Sunday_school" title="Sunday school">Sunday school</a> in 1879. It was a venue for music and live performance but closed in 2004. After years of campaigning by the volunteer group <i>Loose</i>, and with the support of the Community Assets Fund/<a href="/wiki/National_Lottery_Community_Fund" title="National Lottery Community Fund">Big Lottery Fund</a> and WREN and other donors, it re-opened on 17 April 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Homeward_Bound_-_widnes_train_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Homeward_Bound_-_widnes_train_station.jpg/220px-Homeward_Bound_-_widnes_train_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Homeward_Bound_-_widnes_train_station.jpg/330px-Homeward_Bound_-_widnes_train_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Homeward_Bound_-_widnes_train_station.jpg/440px-Homeward_Bound_-_widnes_train_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2040" data-file-height="1408" /></a><figcaption>A plaque commemorating the song at the Widnes railway station</figcaption></figure> <p>There is a tradition that the <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a> song "<a href="/wiki/Homeward_Bound_(Simon_%26_Garfunkel_song)" title="Homeward Bound (Simon & Garfunkel song)">Homeward Bound</a>" was written by American musician <a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a> at a Widnes station.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A quote from Paul Simon reads as follows: "If you know Widnes, then you'll understand how I was desperately trying to get back to London as quickly as possible. <i>Homeward Bound</i> came out of that feeling."<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, the song "The Stars of Track and Field" by Scottish <a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">indie rock</a> band <a href="/wiki/Belle_and_Sebastian" title="Belle and Sebastian">Belle and Sebastian</a>, from the album <i><a href="/wiki/If_You%27re_Feeling_Sinister" title="If You're Feeling Sinister">If You're Feeling Sinister</a></i> (1996) makes reference to the town of Widnes in the lyrics, as does the song "<a href="/wiki/Watch_Your_Step_(Elvis_Costello_song)" title="Watch Your Step (Elvis Costello song)">Watch Your Step</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Costello" title="Elvis Costello">Elvis Costello</a> from his album <i><a href="/wiki/Trust_(Elvis_Costello_album)" title="Trust (Elvis Costello album)">Trust</a></i> (1981).<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Community_facilities">Community facilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Community facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kingsway_Learning_centre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Kingsway_Learning_centre.jpg/250px-Kingsway_Learning_centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Kingsway_Learning_centre.jpg/330px-Kingsway_Learning_centre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Kingsway_Learning_centre.jpg/500px-Kingsway_Learning_centre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1881" data-file-height="2418" /></a><figcaption>Widnes library and Kingsway Learning Centre</figcaption></figure> <p>The main library in Victoria Square has been refurbished.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the normal services provided by a library, this library holds a large collection of material relating to railways.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a branch library in the Ditton area of the town.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Queens Hall Studio, now known as the Studio, is in Lacey Street and is a community venue. Live music and theatre events take place, and the ACCESS ALL AREAS project is based there for young people interested in music and associated creative activities, funded by the Big Lottery Fund. </p><p>Victoria Park is in the Appleton area of the town and has a number of attractions, including a cafeteria and refreshment kiosk, a bandstand, model boating lake, tennis and basketball courts, bowling greens, a skateboarding facility, glasshouses with a pets' corner and a butterfly house.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hough Green Park is in the Ditton area of the town.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crow Wood Park is in the eastern part of Widnes<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Sunnybank is a large area of open ground also in the eastern part of the town.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are a number of <a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">nature reserves</a>. Pickerings Pasture is an area of wildflower meadows overlooking the River Mersey which was built on the site of a former household and industrial <a href="/wiki/Landfill" title="Landfill">landfill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other nature reserves in the town are Clincton Wood<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Hale Road Woodlands.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kingsway Leisure Centre, has a swimming pool and a gym in addition to a sports hall.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are a number of football,<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cricket<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and rugby league<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> clubs in the town. St Michael's Golf Course was a municipal golf course which was built on reclaimed industrial waste land but high levels of <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a> have been found in the soil and at present it is closed.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a private golf club in Highfield Road.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2011 the Hive Leisure Park opened in a new development as part of the Widnes Waterfront. Its facilities include Reel Cinema, a five-screen <a href="/wiki/Multiplex_(movie_theater)" title="Multiplex (movie theater)">multiplex cinema</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Frankie_%26_Benny%27s" title="Frankie & Benny's">Frankie & Benny's</a> bar and restaurant, Super Bowl UK Widnes containing a 16-lane <a href="/wiki/Ten-pin_bowling" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten-pin bowling">ten-pin bowling</a> centre, a children's play area, licensed bar, a <a href="/wiki/Nando%27s" title="Nando's">Nando's</a> restaurant, a <a href="/wiki/Premier_Inn" title="Premier Inn">Premier Inn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brewers_Fayre" title="Brewers Fayre">Brewers Fayre</a> pub opened in February 2012 and also a brand new Ice Rink operated by Silverblades opened on 21 December 2012<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is no hospital in Widnes. For acute medical care patients go to Warrington Hospital which is run by <a href="/wiki/Warrington_and_Halton_Teaching_Hospitals_NHS_Foundation_Trust" title="Warrington and Halton Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust">Warrington and Halton Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust</a> or to Whiston Hospital which is run by <a href="/wiki/St_Helens_and_Knowsley_Teaching_Hospitals_NHS_Trust" title="St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust">St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust</a>. Halton <a href="/wiki/Clinical_commissioning_group" title="Clinical commissioning group">Clinical Commissioning Group</a> is responsible for NHS services in the area. They established the Widnes Urgent Care Centre in 2015 to ease pressure on local accident and emergency units.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/General_practitioner" title="General practitioner">General practitioner</a> services are provided in health centres and in separate medical practices. There are dental practices providing a mixture of National Health Service and private dental care.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business">Business</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Business"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/James_Atherton_(founder_of_New_Brighton)" title="James Atherton (founder of New Brighton)">James Atherton</a> (1770-1838) was a Liverpool merchant and real estate developer. He played a significant role in transforming <a href="/wiki/Everton,_Liverpool" title="Everton, Liverpool">Everton</a> into an affluent residential district in the early nineteenth century,<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in association with his son-in-law, William Rowson, founded the seaside resort of <a href="/wiki/New_Brighton,_Merseyside" title="New Brighton, Merseyside">New Brighton</a> in 1830.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was born in <a href="/wiki/Ditton,_Cheshire" title="Ditton, Cheshire">Ditton</a> in 1770, the son of William Atherton (1732-1807), a <a href="/wiki/Yeoman" title="Yeoman">Yeoman</a>, and his wife Margaret, née Houghton.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion_2">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three men born in or near the village of Farnworth achieved prominent positions in the <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> church. They were <a href="/wiki/William_Smyth" title="William Smyth">William Smyth</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1460–1514</span>) who became <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Lichfield" title="Bishop of Lichfield">Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Lincoln" title="Bishop of Lincoln">Bishop of Lincoln</a> and who built the <a href="/wiki/Grammar_school" title="Grammar school">grammar school</a> in the village, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Barnes_(bishop)" title="Richard Barnes (bishop)">Richard Barnes</a> (1532–1587) who became <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Carlisle" title="Bishop of Carlisle">Bishop of Carlisle</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Durham" title="Bishop of Durham">Bishop of Durham</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bancroft" title="Richard Bancroft">Richard Bancroft</a> (1544–1610) who became <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_London" title="Bishop of London">Bishop of London</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>. <a href="/wiki/John_Tiarks" title="John Tiarks">John Tiarks</a> (1903–1974) was a vicar in Widnes in the early 1930s and later became <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Chelmsford" title="Bishop of Chelmsford">Bishop of Chelmsford</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_and_industry">Science and industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Science and industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Widnes_The_Hollies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Widnes_The_Hollies.jpg/220px-Widnes_The_Hollies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Widnes_The_Hollies.jpg/330px-Widnes_The_Hollies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Widnes_The_Hollies.jpg/440px-Widnes_The_Hollies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The Hollies, home of <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Mond" title="Ludwig Mond">Ludwig Mond</a> from 1867 to 1873</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Hutchinson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/John_Hutchinson.jpg/250px-John_Hutchinson.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/John_Hutchinson.jpg/330px-John_Hutchinson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Hutchinson_(industrialist)" title="John Hutchinson (industrialist)">John Hutchinson</a>, 1853</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Glover_Barkla_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Charles_Glover_Barkla_01.jpg/250px-Charles_Glover_Barkla_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Charles_Glover_Barkla_01.jpg/330px-Charles_Glover_Barkla_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2802" data-file-height="3684" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Charles Glover Barkla</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/William_Gossage" title="William Gossage">William Gossage</a> (1799–1877) was a chemical manufacturer who established a soap making business in Widnes. During the late 19th century a number of prominent chemists and industrialists lived in Widnes. Amongst these was <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Mond" title="Ludwig Mond">Ludwig Mond</a> (1839–1909), co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Tata_Chemicals_Europe" title="Tata Chemicals Europe">Brunner Mond</a>. He lived in The Hollies, Farnworth and there his two sons were born, both of whom became notable. There were three generations of Holbrook Gaskell's who were chemical industrialists. The <a href="/wiki/Holbrook_Gaskell" title="Holbrook Gaskell">first</a> (1813–1909) was also an art and plant collector. The <a href="/wiki/Holbrook_Gaskell_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Holbrook Gaskell II">second</a> (1846–1919) became a director of <a href="/wiki/United_Alkali_Company" title="United Alkali Company">United Alkali Company</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Holbrook_Gaskell_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Holbrook Gaskell III">third</a> (1878–1951) was chief engineer of the <a href="/wiki/United_Alkali_Company" title="United Alkali Company">United Alkali Company</a> and was knighted. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Henry_Deacon_(industrialist)" title="Henry Deacon (industrialist)">Henry Deacon</a> (1822–1876) was a chemist and industrialist who established a chemical factory in Widnes. <a href="/wiki/John_Hutchinson_(industrialist)" title="John Hutchinson (industrialist)">John Hutchinson</a> (1825–1865) was a chemist and industrialist who established the first chemical factory in Widnes in 1847, it manufactured <a href="/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali">alkali</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Leblanc_process" title="Leblanc process">Leblanc process</a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Brunner" title="Henry Brunner">Henry Brunner</a> (1838–1916) was an English chemist employed in 1861 by <a href="/wiki/John_Hutchinson_(industrialist)" title="John Hutchinson (industrialist)">John Hutchinson</a> in his chemical business. <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Hurter" title="Ferdinand Hurter">Ferdinand Hurter</a> (1844–1898) was a Swiss industrial chemist who joined <a href="/wiki/Henry_Deacon_(industrialist)" title="Henry Deacon (industrialist)">Henry Deacon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holbrook_Gaskell" title="Holbrook Gaskell">Holbrook Gaskell</a> at their alkali manufacturing business, Gaskell, Deacon & Co., in Widnes in 1867. <a href="/wiki/Neil_Mathieson" title="Neil Mathieson">Neil Mathieson</a> (1823-–1906) was a Scottish chemist, he set up his own business, Matheison and Company in 1870 with Frederick Herbert Gossage, son of <a href="/wiki/William_Gossage" title="William Gossage">William Gossage</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Brunner,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Brunner, 1st Baronet">Sir John Brunner, 1st Baronet</a>, (1842–1919) was also a British chemical industrialist at <a href="/wiki/John_Hutchinson_(industrialist)" title="John Hutchinson (industrialist)">Hutchinson</a>'s alkali works in Widnes where he rose to the position of general manager. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vero_Charles_Driffield" title="Vero Charles Driffield">Vero Charles Driffield</a> (1848–1915) was a chemical engineer, he became an engineer at the Gaskell–Deacon Works in 1871. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mond" title="Robert Mond">Sir Robert Mond</a> (1867–1938) became a chemist and archaeologist and his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Mond,_1st_Baron_Melchett" title="Alfred Mond, 1st Baron Melchett">Alfred Mond, 1st Baron Melchett</a> (1868–1930) became an industrialist, financier and politician serving as a Liberal MP for <a href="/wiki/City_of_Chester_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="City of Chester (UK Parliament constituency)">Chester</a> 1906–1910, for <a href="/wiki/Swansea_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Swansea (UK Parliament constituency)">Swansea</a> 1910 to 1918 and for <a href="/wiki/Swansea_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Swansea West (UK Parliament constituency)">Swansea West</a> from 1918 to 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Young_(chemist)" title="Sydney Young (chemist)">Sydney Young</a>, (1857 in Farnworth – 1937) was an academic English chemist. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Charles Glover Barkla</a> (1877 in Widnes – 1944) was the winner of the 1917 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> for his work in <a href="/wiki/X-ray_spectroscopy" title="X-ray spectroscopy">X-ray spectroscopy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Suckling" title="Charles Suckling">Charles Suckling</a> (1920–2013) was a British chemist who first synthesised <a href="/wiki/Halothane" title="Halothane">halothane</a>, a volatile <a href="/wiki/Inhalational_anesthetic" title="Inhalational anesthetic">inhalational anesthetic</a> in 1951, while working at the ICI Central Laboratory in Widnes. <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Rintoul" title="Gordon Rintoul">Gordon Rintoul</a> (born 1955) was Director of the <a href="/wiki/Catalyst_Science_Discovery_Centre" title="Catalyst Science Discovery Centre">Catalyst Science Discovery Centre</a> in Widnes between 1987 and 1998. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in the village of Farnworth, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Chadwick" title="Roy Chadwick">Roy Chadwick</a> (1893–1947) was the designer of the <a href="/wiki/Avro_Lancaster" title="Avro Lancaster">Avro Lancaster</a> bomber. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mottershead" title="Thomas Mottershead">Thomas Mottershead</a> (1893–1917), also born in Widnes, joined the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Flying_Corps" title="Royal Flying Corps">Royal Flying Corps</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>; he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Conduct_Medal" title="Distinguished Conduct Medal">Distinguished Conduct Medal</a> posthumously for his gallantry.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another Widnes man, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wilkinson_(VC_1942)" title="Thomas Wilkinson (VC 1942)">Thomas Wilkinson</a> (1898–1942) of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Reserve" title="Royal Naval Reserve">Royal Naval Reserve</a>, was awarded the Victoria Cross posthumously during World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Air Marshal Sir <a href="/wiki/Tap_Jones" title="Tap Jones">Tap Jones</a> (1914 in Widnes – 2007) was an officer in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> for 34 years, from 1935 to 1969. He commanded a squadron of <a href="/wiki/Obsolescence" title="Obsolescence">obsolescent</a> <a href="/wiki/Biplane" title="Biplane">biplane</a> <a href="/wiki/Gloster_Gladiator" title="Gloster Gladiator">Gladiator</a> <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighters</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Greece">Battle of Greece</a> in World War II. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1910_Arthur_Henderson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/1910_Arthur_Henderson.jpg/250px-1910_Arthur_Henderson.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/1910_Arthur_Henderson.jpg/330px-1910_Arthur_Henderson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3632" data-file-height="4828" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a>, 1910</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a> (1863–1935) was a British iron moulder and Labour politician and MP. In 1919 he won a by-election in <a href="/wiki/Widnes_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Widnes (UK Parliament constituency)">Widnes</a> He later achieving the unique feat of being elected five times at by-elections in constituencies where he had not previously been the MP. <a href="/wiki/Jack_Ashley,_Baron_Ashley_of_Stoke" title="Jack Ashley, Baron Ashley of Stoke">Jack Ashley</a> (1922–2012) was born in Widnes and was a local councillor there. He was then a Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a> for many years. He became a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour" title="Order of the Companions of Honour">Companion of Honour</a> in 1975 and was invested as a <a href="/wiki/Privy_council" title="Privy council">privy councillor</a> in 1979. In 1992 he was made a <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peer</a> as Baron Ashley of Stoke, of Widnes in the County of Cheshire.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Oakes" title="Gordon Oakes">Gordon Oakes</a> (1931–2005) who was born and educated in Widnes became an MP for <a href="/wiki/Bolton_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bolton West (UK Parliament constituency)">Bolton West</a> 1964–1970, for <a href="/wiki/Widnes_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Widnes (UK Parliament constituency)">Widnes</a> 1971–1983 and for <a href="/wiki/Halton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Halton (UK Parliament constituency)">Halton</a> 1983–1997.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Derek_Twigg" title="Derek Twigg">Derek Twigg</a> (born 1959 in Widnes) has been the Labour MP for <a href="/wiki/Halton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Halton (UK Parliament constituency)">Halton</a> since 1997. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport_2">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tommy_Magee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Tommy_Magee.jpg/140px-Tommy_Magee.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Tommy_Magee.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="164" data-file-height="207" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Magee" title="Tommy Magee">Tommy Magee</a>, 1920</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Sherwen_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Paul_Sherwen_3.jpg/140px-Paul_Sherwen_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Paul_Sherwen_3.jpg/210px-Paul_Sherwen_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Paul_Sherwen_3.jpg/280px-Paul_Sherwen_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1101" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_Sherwen" title="Paul Sherwen">Paul Sherwen</a>, 2009</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lucy_Martin_-_Women%27s_Tour_of_Thuringia_2012_(aka).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Lucy_Martin_-_Women%27s_Tour_of_Thuringia_2012_%28aka%29.jpg/140px-Lucy_Martin_-_Women%27s_Tour_of_Thuringia_2012_%28aka%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Lucy_Martin_-_Women%27s_Tour_of_Thuringia_2012_%28aka%29.jpg/210px-Lucy_Martin_-_Women%27s_Tour_of_Thuringia_2012_%28aka%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Lucy_Martin_-_Women%27s_Tour_of_Thuringia_2012_%28aka%29.jpg/280px-Lucy_Martin_-_Women%27s_Tour_of_Thuringia_2012_%28aka%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="2327" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Martin_(cyclist)" title="Lucy Martin (cyclist)">Lucy Martin</a>, 2012</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Briggs_(cricketer)" title="Johnny Briggs (cricketer)">Johnny Briggs</a> (1862–1902) a distinguished Victorian cricketer, the only man to have scored a hat trick and a century in Ashes cricket, lived in the town 1877-1890s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Magee" title="Tommy Magee">Tommy Magee</a> (1899 in Widnes – 1974) footballer who made over 400 appearances for <a href="/wiki/West_Bromwich_Albion_F.C." title="West Bromwich Albion F.C.">West Bromwich Albion F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_McCue" title="Tommy McCue">Tommy McCue</a> (1913 in Widnes – 1994) rugby league player, 339 games for <a href="/wiki/Widnes_Vikings" title="Widnes Vikings">Widnes Vikings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Silcock_Jr." title="Nat Silcock Jr.">Nat Silcock Jr.</a> (1927 in Widnes – 1992) rugby league footballer, 458 games</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Prescott" title="Alan Prescott">Alan Prescott</a> (1927 in Widnes – 1998) rugby league footballer, 404 matches for <a href="/wiki/St_Helens_R.F.C." title="St Helens R.F.C.">St. Helens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Karalius" title="Vince Karalius">Vince Karalius</a> (1932 in Widnes – 2008) English rugby league footballer and coach<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Karalius" title="Tony Karalius">Tony Karalius</a> (1943 in Widnes – 2019) rugby league footballer, 394 games mainly for <a href="/wiki/St_Helens_R.F.C." title="St Helens R.F.C.">St. Helens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Laughton" title="Doug Laughton">Doug Laughton</a> (born 1944 in Widnes) professional rugby league footballer, 450 games</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nicholls_(rugby_league)" title="George Nicholls (rugby league)">George Nicholls</a> (born 1944 in Widnes) rugby league player, 484 club games and for Great Britain and England<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stephens_(rugby_league)" title="John Stephens (rugby league)">John Stephens</a> (born 1945 in Widnes) professional rugby league footballer, 393 games</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Prescott" title="Eric Prescott">Eric Prescott</a> (born 1948 in Widnes – 2023) rugby union and professional rugby league footballer, 503 games</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_France" title="David France">David France</a> (born 1948 in Widnes) is an author, Everton football historian and philanthropist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Adams" title="Mick Adams">Mick Adams</a> (1951 in Widnes – 2017) professional rugby league footballer, 438 games mainly for <a href="/wiki/Widnes_Vikings" title="Widnes Vikings">Widnes Vikings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Glynn" title="Peter Glynn">Peter Glynn</a> (born 1954 in Widnes – 2024) rugby league footballer, 402 games mainly for <a href="/wiki/St_Helens_R.F.C." title="St Helens R.F.C.">St. Helens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Sherwen" title="Paul Sherwen">Paul Sherwen</a> (born 1956 in Widnes – 2018) former <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_France" title="Tour de France">Tour de France</a> rider<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_O%27Neill_(rugby_league)" title="Mike O'Neill (rugby league)">Mike O'Neill</a> (born 1960 in Widnes) rugby league footballer, 414 games for <a href="/wiki/Widnes_Vikings" title="Widnes Vikings">Widnes Vikings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Bostock" title="Timothy Bostock">Timothy Bostock</a> (born 1966 in Widnes) former cricketer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Currier" title="Andy Currier">Andy Currier</a> (born 1966 in Widnes) rugby league player 312 games, incl. 248 for <a href="/wiki/Widnes_Vikings" title="Widnes Vikings">Widnes Vikings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bowles_(darts_player)" title="John Bowles (darts player)">John Bowles</a> (born 1967 in Widnes) is a professional darts player<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Higginson" title="Andrew Higginson">Andrew Higginson</a> (born 1977) a professional snooker player, lives in Widnes<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hewitt_(adventurer)" title="Martin Hewitt (adventurer)">Martin Hewitt</a> (born 1980 in Widnes) a mountaineer, businessman and former Captain in the <a href="/wiki/Parachute_Regiment_(United_Kingdom)" title="Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)">Parachute Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Taylor-Fletcher" title="Gary Taylor-Fletcher">Gary Taylor-Fletcher</a> (born 1981 in Widnes) former professional football player, with over 500 pro appearances<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Myler" title="Stephen Myler">Stephen Myler</a> (born 1984 in Widnes), rugby union player and part of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_family_relations_in_rugby_league#Myler_family" title="List of family relations in rugby league">Myler rugby family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Martin_(cyclist)" title="Lucy Martin (cyclist)">Lucy Martin</a> (born 1990 in Whiston) retired professional road and track cyclist, grew up in Widnes</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creative_arts">Creative arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Creative arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melanie_C_-_2017356220452_2017-12-22_Night_of_the_Proms_-_Sven_-_1D_X_MK_II_-_0908_-_AK8I5028.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Melanie_C_-_2017356220452_2017-12-22_Night_of_the_Proms_-_Sven_-_1D_X_MK_II_-_0908_-_AK8I5028.jpg/250px-Melanie_C_-_2017356220452_2017-12-22_Night_of_the_Proms_-_Sven_-_1D_X_MK_II_-_0908_-_AK8I5028.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Melanie_C_-_2017356220452_2017-12-22_Night_of_the_Proms_-_Sven_-_1D_X_MK_II_-_0908_-_AK8I5028.jpg/330px-Melanie_C_-_2017356220452_2017-12-22_Night_of_the_Proms_-_Sven_-_1D_X_MK_II_-_0908_-_AK8I5028.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Melanie_C" title="Melanie C">Melanie C</a>, 2017</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nor_Kiddie" title="Nor Kiddie">Nor Kiddie</a> (born 1897 in Widnes) the stage name of Norman Chilton Kiddie, comedian, actor and juggler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bleasdale" title="Alan Bleasdale">Alan Bleasdale</a> (born 1946) an English screenwriter of social realist drama, went to school in Widnes 1957–64<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kenna_(photographer)" title="Michael Kenna (photographer)">Michael Kenna</a> (born 1953 in Widnes) an English photographer best known for his unusual black & white landscapes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Topping" title="Angela Topping">Angela Topping</a> (born 1954 in Widnes) a British poet, literary critic and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Finney" title="Ian Finney">Ian Finney</a> (born 1966) guitarist, multi-instrumentalist and songwriter, brought up in Widnes<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Weaver" title="Jane Weaver">Jane Weaver</a> (born 1972) singer, songwriter and guitarist, was brought up in Widnes<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanie_C" title="Melanie C">Melanie C</a> (born 1974) singer, <a href="/wiki/Spice_Girls" title="Spice Girls">Spice Girl</a> known as Mel C or Sporty Spice, went to school in Widnes<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Dawson_(actor)" title="David Dawson (actor)">David Dawson</a> (born 1982) actor, born and raised in Widnes<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cheshire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Cheshire.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cheshire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Cheshire.svg/60px-Flag_of_Cheshire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Cheshire.svg/120px-Flag_of_Cheshire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cheshire" title="Portal:Cheshire">Cheshire portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Widnes" title="Listed buildings in Widnes">Listed buildings in Widnes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Citations</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2021_Census-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Census_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Census_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Census_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Census_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Census_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021_Census_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style 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href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/customprofiles/embed/#/?name=V2lkbmVz&comp=RW5nbGFuZA==&tabs=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&poly=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profile for Widnes"</a>. <i>Office for National Statistics - Census 2021</i>. Office for National Statistics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+for+National+Statistics+-+Census+2021&rft.atitle=Area+profile+for+Widnes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fvisualisations%2Fcustomprofiles%2Fembed%2F%23%2F%3Fname%3DV2lkbmVz%26comp%3DRW5nbGFuZA%3D%3D%26tabs%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%3D%26poly%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&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWidnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boulter.com/gps/distance/?from=53.363+-2.728&to=51.507+-0.127&units=m">"Coordinate Distance Calculator"</a>. <i>boulter.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=boulter.com&rft.atitle=Coordinate+Distance+Calculator&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fboulter.com%2Fgps%2Fdistance%2F%3Ffrom%3D53.363%2B-2.728%26to%3D51.507%2B-0.127%26units%3Dm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWidnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris2005">Morris 2005</a>, pp. 27–141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhimperley1991">Whimperley 1991</a>, pp. 111, 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hardie_25-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hardie_25_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hardie_25_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHardie1950">Hardie 1950</a>, pp. 25–41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p5-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p5_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p5_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPoole1906">Poole 1906</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiggle1961">Diggle 1961</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhimperley1991">Whimperley 1991</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPoole1906">Poole 1906</a>, pp. 5–6, 226–227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhimperley1991">Whimperley 1991</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPoole1906">Poole 1906</a>, pp. 7–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Richard Glynne, James Augustus Atkinson, Chetham Society, <i>Notes on the Churches of Lancashire</i>, 1893.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-foster-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-foster_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Foster, Alan, <i>A History of Farnworth Church, its Parish and Village</i>, 1981.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPoole1906">Poole 1906</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiggle1961">Diggle 1961</a>, pp. 12–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhimperley1991">Whimperley 1991</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiggle1961">Diggle 1961</a>, pp. 17–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiggle1961">Diggle 1961</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Greatbatch, M. L. and Mercer, P. J., <i>Spike Island</i>, Halton Borough Council.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhimperley1991">Whimperley 1991</a>, p. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhimperley1991">Whimperley 1991</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Daily News</i> quoted by <a href="#CITEREFDiggle1961">Diggle 1961</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Daily Mail</i> quoted in <a href="#CITEREFDiggle1961">Diggle 1961</a>, p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris2005">Morris 2005</a>, pp. 73ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris2005">Morris 2005</a>, pp. 114, 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris2005">Morris 2005</a>, pp. 157ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHardie1950">Hardie 1950</a>, p. 149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiggle1961">Diggle 1961</a>, pp. 83–84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiggle1961">Diggle 1961</a>, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiggle1961">Diggle 1961</a>, pp. 111–112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIan1995" class="citation cs2">Ian, Allan (1995), <i>British Buses Before 1945</i>, Ian Allan Publishing, p. 61, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7110-2279-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7110-2279-8"><bdi>0-7110-2279-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Buses+Before+1945&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Ian+Allan+Publishing&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-7110-2279-8&rft.aulast=Ian&rft.aufirst=Allan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWidnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiggle1961">Diggle 1961</a>, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiggle1961">Diggle 1961</a>, p. 146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiggle1961">Diggle 1961</a>, pp. 151–152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiggle1961">Diggle 1961</a>, pp. 171–172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhimperley1991">Whimperley 1991</a>, pp. 176–188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://moderngov.halton.gov.uk/mgMemberIndex.aspx?FN=WARD&VW=LIST&PIC=0">"Your Councillors"</a>. Halton Borough Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130627115431/http://moderngov.halton.gov.uk/mgMemberIndex.aspx?FN=WARD&VW=LIST&PIC=0">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="#CITEREFPoole1906">Poole 1906</a>, pp. 1–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/tmean/17.gif"><i>Mean Temperature: Annual Average 1971–2000</i></a>, Met Office<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mean+Temperature%3A+Annual+Average+1971%E2%80%932000&rft.pub=Met+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.gov.uk%2Fclimate%2Fuk%2Faverages%2F19712000%2Ftmean%2F17.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWidnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/ss/17.gif"><i>Sunshine Duration: Annual Average 1971–2000</i></a>, Met Office<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sunshine+Duration%3A+Annual+Average+1971%E2%80%932000&rft.pub=Met+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.gov.uk%2Fclimate%2Fuk%2Faverages%2F19712000%2Fss%2F17.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWidnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/rr/17.gif"><i>Rainfall Amount: Annual Average 1971–2000</i></a>, Met Office<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rainfall+Amount%3A+Annual+Average+1971%E2%80%932000&rft.pub=Met+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.gov.uk%2Fclimate%2Fuk%2Faverages%2F19712000%2Frr%2F17.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWidnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Event Transport Accommodation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukcorporatesolutions.com/services/city/314.htm">the original</a> on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Information+about+Widnes&rft.pub=Event+Transport+Accommodation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fukcorporatesolutions.com%2Fservices%2Fcity%2F314.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWidnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120406102940/http://freespace.virgin.net/r.kent/quotes.html"><i>Homeward Bound</i></a>, Simon and Garfunkel Homepage, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freespace.virgin.net/r.kent/quotes.html">the original</a> on 6 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homeward+Bound&rft.pub=Simon+and+Garfunkel+Homepage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffreespace.virgin.net%2Fr.kent%2Fquotes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWidnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elviscostello.com/#/words-detail/Columbia+Records+/Elvis+Costello+And+The+Attractions/Watch+Your+Step/cd/674/8307">"Elvis Costello lyrics"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.halton.gov.uk/content/tourismandleisure/libraries/haltonlibraries/widneslibrary">the original</a> on 28 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Widnes+Library&rft.pub=Halton+Borough+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.halton.gov.uk%2Fcontent%2Ftourismandleisure%2Flibraries%2Fhaltonlibraries%2Fwidneslibrary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWidnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120731022000/http://www.cornucopia.org.uk/html/search/verb/GetRecord/7706"><i>Cornucopia: Railway collection</i></a>, Museums, Libraries and Archives Council, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cornucopia.org.uk/html/search/verb/GetRecord/7706">the original</a> on 31 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cornucopia%3A+Railway+collection&rft.pub=Museums%2C+Libraries+and+Archives+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cornucopia.org.uk%2Fhtml%2Fsearch%2Fverb%2FGetRecord%2F7706&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWidnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928010912/http://www2.halton.gov.uk/content/tourismandleisure/libraries/haltonlibraries/dittonlibrary">"Ditton Library"</a>. Halton Borough Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.halton.gov.uk/content/tourismandleisure/libraries/haltonlibraries/dittonlibrary">the original</a> on 28 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ditton+Library&rft.pub=Halton+Borough+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.halton.gov.uk%2Fcontent%2Ftourismandleisure%2Flibraries%2Fhaltonlibraries%2Fdittonlibrary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWidnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070429083723/http://www2.halton.gov.uk/content/environment/parksandopenspaces/parksinhalton/victoriapark/?a=5441"><i>Victoria Park</i></a>, Halton Borough Council, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.halton.gov.uk/content/environment/parksandopenspaces/parksinhalton/victoriapark/?a=5441">the original</a> on 29 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Victoria+Park&rft.pub=Halton+Borough+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.halton.gov.uk%2Fcontent%2Fenvironment%2Fparksandopenspaces%2Fparksinhalton%2Fvictoriapark%2F%3Fa%3D5441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWidnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070717013005/http://www2.halton.gov.uk/content/environment/parksandopenspaces/parksinhalton/houghgreenpark/?a=5441"><i>Hough Green Park</i></a>, Halton Borough Council, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.halton.gov.uk/content/environment/parksandopenspaces/parksinhalton/houghgreenpark/?a=5441">the original</a> on 17 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hough+Green+Park&rft.pub=Halton+Borough+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.halton.gov.uk%2Fcontent%2Fenvironment%2Fparksandopenspaces%2Fparksinhalton%2Fhoughgreenpark%2F%3Fa%3D5441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWidnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070714021836/http://www2.halton.gov.uk/content/environment/parksandopenspaces/parksinhalton/croweoodpark/?a=5441">"Crow Wood Park"</a>. Halton Borough Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.halton.gov.uk/content/environment/parksandopenspaces/parksinhalton/croweoodpark/?a=5441">the original</a> on 14 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070702011006/http://www2.halton.gov.uk/nature/content/localnaturereserves/pickeringspasture/?a=5441"><i>Pickerings Pasture</i></a>, Halton Borough Council, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.halton.gov.uk/nature/content/localnaturereserves/pickeringspasture/?a=5441">the original</a> on 2 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pickerings+Pasture&rft.pub=Halton+Borough+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.halton.gov.uk%2Fnature%2Fcontent%2Flocalnaturereserves%2Fpickeringspasture%2F%3Fa%3D5441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWidnes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930184831/http://www2.halton.gov.uk/content/tourismandleisure/leisurecentres/kingswayleisure">"Kingsway Leisure Centre"</a>. 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(1992), <i>Crossing the Runcorn Gap, Vol. 2: Early Bridging Proposals</i>, Halton: Halton Borough Council</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crossing+the+Runcorn+Gap%2C+Vol.+2%3A+Early+Bridging+Proposals&rft.place=Halton&rft.pub=Halton+Borough+Council&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Cowan&rft.aufirst=C.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWidnes" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCowan1990" class="citation cs2">Cowan, C. A. (1990), <i>Crossing the Runcorn Gap, Vol. 3: Runcorn Railway Bridge</i>, Halton: Halton Borough Council</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crossing+the+Runcorn+Gap%2C+Vol.+3%3A+Runcorn+Railway+Bridge&rft.place=Halton&rft.pub=Halton+Borough+Council&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Cowan&rft.aufirst=C.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWidnes" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorris2007" class="citation cs2">Morris, Jean M. (2007), <i>Where Spring Never Came</i>, Bury St Edmunds: arima, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84549-255-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84549-255-7"><bdi>978-1-84549-255-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Where+Spring+Never+Came&rft.place=Bury+St+Edmunds&rft.pub=arima&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84549-255-7&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Jean+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWidnes" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widnes&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/120px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Widnes#Q1022741" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Widnes">Widnes</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.halton.gov.uk/">Halton Borough Council</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Borough_of_Halton,_Cheshire103" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cheshire,_Borough_of_Halton" title="Template:Cheshire, Borough of Halton"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cheshire,_Borough_of_Halton" title="Template talk:Cheshire, Borough of Halton"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cheshire,_Borough_of_Halton" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cheshire, Borough of Halton"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Borough_of_Halton,_Cheshire103" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Halton_(borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Halton (borough)">Borough of Halton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principal settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Runcorn" title="Runcorn">Runcorn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Widnes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil parishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daresbury" title="Daresbury">Daresbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale,_Halton" title="Hale, Halton">Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halebank" title="Halebank">Halebank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moore,_Cheshire" title="Moore, Cheshire">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Brook" title="Preston Brook">Preston Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandymoor" title="Sandymoor">Sandymoor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unparished areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Runcorn" title="Runcorn">Runcorn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Widnes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ceremonial_county_of_Cheshire314" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cheshire" title="Template:Cheshire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cheshire" title="Template talk:Cheshire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cheshire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cheshire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ceremonial_county_of_Cheshire314" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></span> of <span class="fn org region"><a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cheshire" title="Portal:Cheshire">Cheshire Portal</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unitary authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_East" title="Cheshire East">Cheshire East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_West_and_Chester" title="Cheshire West and Chester">Cheshire West and Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Halton" title="Borough of Halton">Halton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Warrington" title="Borough of Warrington">Warrington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements<br />(cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsager" title="Alsager">Alsager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birchwood,_Cheshire" title="Birchwood, Cheshire">Birchwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollington" title="Bollington">Bollington</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congleton" title="Congleton">Congleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crewe" title="Crewe">Crewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culcheth" title="Culcheth">Culcheth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellesmere_Port" title="Ellesmere Port">Ellesmere Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frodsham" title="Frodsham">Frodsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handforth" title="Handforth">Handforth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holmes_Chapel" title="Holmes Chapel">Holmes Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knutsford" title="Knutsford">Knutsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymm" title="Lymm">Lymm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macclesfield" title="Macclesfield">Macclesfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malpas,_Cheshire" title="Malpas, Cheshire">Malpas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlewich" title="Middlewich">Middlewich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantwich" title="Nantwich">Nantwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neston" title="Neston">Neston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwich" title="Northwich">Northwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poynton" title="Poynton">Poynton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runcorn" title="Runcorn">Runcorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandbach" title="Sandbach">Sandbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrington" title="Warrington">Warrington</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Widnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmslow" title="Wilmslow">Wilmslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winsford" title="Winsford">Winsford</a><br /><i>See also:</i> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Cheshire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of civil parishes in Cheshire">List of civil parishes in Cheshire</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Bollin" title="River Bollin">Bollin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Croco" title="River Croco">Croco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Dane" title="River Dane">Dane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Dean" title="River Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Dee,_Wales" title="River Dee, Wales">Dee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Gowy" title="River Gowy">Gowy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Goyt" title="River Goyt">Goyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Mersey" title="River Mersey">Mersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Weaver" title="River Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Waldron" title="River Waldron">Waldron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Wheelock" title="River Wheelock">Wheelock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_Cheshire" title="History of agriculture in Cheshire">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Country_houses_in_Cheshire" title="Category:Country houses in Cheshire">Country houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cheshire" title="Flag of Cheshire">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_churches_in_Cheshire" title="Grade I listed churches in Cheshire">Grade I listed churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_non-ecclesiastical_buildings_in_Cheshire" title="Grade I listed non-ecclesiastical buildings in Cheshire">Grade I listed non-ecclesiastical buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Cheshire" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Cheshire">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Cheshire" title="High Sheriff of Cheshire">High Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cheshire" title="History of Cheshire">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Cheshire" title="Listed buildings in Cheshire">Listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Cheshire" title="Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire">Lord Lieutenants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Cheshire" title="List of museums in Cheshire">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Cheshire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Cheshire">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Cheshire" title="List of places in Cheshire">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cheshire_settlements_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Cheshire settlements by population">Population of major settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Cheshire" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cheshire">SSSIs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1022741#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1065" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1022741#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1065" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1022741#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/154883931">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJy4gffwF9DWKD6MqdmyBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4777116-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88278854">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007567458105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Widnes"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/a3fb33c3-83a1-4eb1-8892-5600971a08f8">MusicBrainz area</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Widnes&oldid=1278658463">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Widnes&oldid=1278658463</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Widnes" title="Category:Widnes">Widnes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Towns_in_Cheshire" 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